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Cao J, Yu X, Liu J, Fu J, Wang B, Wu C, Zhang S, Chen H, Wang Z, Xu Y, Sui T, Chang J, Cao X. Ruxolitinib improves the inflammatory microenvironment, restores glutamate homeostasis, and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2499-2512. [PMID: 38526286 PMCID: PMC11090442 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202419110-00030/figure1/v/2024-03-08T184507Z/r/image-tiff The inflammatory microenvironment and neurotoxicity can hinder neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Ruxolitinib, a JAK-STAT inhibitor, exhibits effectiveness in autoimmune diseases, arthritis, and managing inflammatory cytokine storms. Although studies have shown the neuroprotective potential of ruxolitinib in neurological trauma, the exact mechanism by which it enhances functional recovery after spinal cord injury, particularly its effect on astrocytes, remains unclear. To address this gap, we established a mouse model of T10 spinal cord contusion and found that ruxolitinib effectively improved hindlimb motor function and reduced the area of spinal cord injury. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that ruxolitinib alleviated inflammation and immune response after spinal cord injury, restored EAAT2 expression, reduced glutamate levels, and alleviated excitatory toxicity. Furthermore, ruxolitinib inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the injured spinal cord and decreased the phosphorylation level of nuclear factor kappa-B and the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity astrocytes, ruxolitinib restored EAAT2 expression and increased glutamate uptake by inhibiting the activation of STAT3, thereby reducing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, calcium influx, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis, and increasing the complexity of dendritic branching. Collectively, these results indicate that ruxolitinib restores glutamate homeostasis by rescuing the expression of EAAT2 in astrocytes, reduces neurotoxicity, and effectively alleviates inflammatory and immune responses after spinal cord injury, thereby promoting functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaju Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Binyu Wang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chaoqin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Shang Z, Wanyan P, Wang M, Zhang B, Cui X, Wang X. Stem cell-derived exosomes for traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on a rat model. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:1-10. [PMID: 37804282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Exosome therapy for traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a current research hotspot, but its therapeutic effect and the best source of stem cells for exosomes are unclear. METHODS The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to March 28, 2023. Literature screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two investigators. RESULTS A total of 40 studies were included for data analysis. The findings of our traditional meta-analysis indicate that exosomes derived from stem cells significantly improve the motor function of TSCI at various time points (1 week: weighted mean difference [WMD] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-2.30] 2 weeks: WMD = 3.12, 95% CI 2.64-3.61; 3 weeks: WMD = 4.44, 95% CI 3.27-5.60; 4 weeks: WMD = 4.54, 95% CI 3.42-5.66). Four kinds of stem cell-derived exosomes have been studied: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that there was no significant statistical difference in the therapeutic effect among the exosomes derived from four kinds of stem cells at different treatment time points. Although exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the current research focus, exosomes derived from neural stem cells have the most therapeutic potential and should become the focus of future attention. CONCLUSIONS The exosomes derived from stem cells can significantly improve the motor function of TSCI rats, and the exosomes derived from neural stem cells have the most therapeutic potential. However, the lower evidence quality of animal studies limits the reliability of experimental results, emphasizing the need for more high-quality, direct comparative studies to explore the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes and the best source of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cui
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Province, China; Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Lale Ataei M, Karimipour M, Shahabi P, Soltani-Zangbar H, Pashaiasl M. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Improved Functional Outcomes Following Spinal Cord Injury Concomitantly with Neuroblast Regeneration. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:806-816. [PMID: 38022812 PMCID: PMC10676545 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that resulted in irreversible neuronal loss, glial scar formation and axonal injury. Herein, we used the human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAF-MSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM), to investigate their ability in neuroblast and astrocyte production as well as functional recovery following SCI. Methods Fifty-four adult rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n=6), included: Control, SCI, (SCI + DMEM), (SCI + CM), (SCI + MSCs), (SCI + Astrocyte), (SCI + Astrocyte + DMEM), (SCI + Astrocyte + CM) and (SCI + Astrocyte + MSCs). Following laminectomy and SCI induction, DMEM, CM, MSCs, and astrocytes were injected. Western blot was performed to explore the levels of the Sox2 protein in the MSCs-CM. The immunofluorescence staining against doublecortin (DCX) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was done. Finally, Basso-Beattie-Brenham (BBB) locomotor test was conducted to assess the neurological outcomes. Results Our results showed that the MSCs increased the number of endogenous DCX-positive cells and decreased the number of GFAP-positive cells by mediating juxtacrine and paracrine mechanisms (P<0.001). Transplanted human astrocytes were converted to neuroblasts rather than astrocytes under influence of MSCs and CM in the SCI. Moreover, functional recovery indexes were promoted in those groups that received MSCs and CM. Conclusion Taken together, our data indicate the MSCs via juxtacrine and paracrine pathways could direct the spinal cord endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) to the neuroblasts lineage which indicates the capability of the MSCs in the increasing of the number of DCX-positive cells and astrocytes decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Lale Ataei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Soltani-Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Pashaiasl
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Michel-Flutot P, Lane MA, Lepore AC, Vinit S. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Respiratory Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: From Preclinical Development to Clinical Translation. Cells 2023; 12:1519. [PMID: 37296640 PMCID: PMC10252981 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High spinal cord injuries (SCIs) lead to permanent functional deficits, including respiratory dysfunction. Patients living with such conditions often rely on ventilatory assistance to survive, and even those that can be weaned continue to suffer life-threatening impairments. There is currently no treatment for SCI that is capable of providing complete recovery of diaphragm activity and respiratory function. The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle, and its activity is controlled by phrenic motoneurons (phMNs) located in the cervical (C3-C5) spinal cord. Preserving and/or restoring phMN activity following a high SCI is essential for achieving voluntary control of breathing. In this review, we will highlight (1) the current knowledge of inflammatory and spontaneous pro-regenerative processes occurring after SCI, (2) key therapeutics developed to date, and (3) how these can be harnessed to drive respiratory recovery following SCIs. These therapeutic approaches are typically first developed and tested in relevant preclinical models, with some of them having been translated into clinical studies. A better understanding of inflammatory and pro-regenerative processes, as well as how they can be therapeutically manipulated, will be the key to achieving optimal functional recovery following SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Michel-Flutot
- END-ICAP, UVSQ, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France;
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Michael A. Lane
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA;
| | - Angelo C. Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Stéphane Vinit
- END-ICAP, UVSQ, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France;
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Jin C, Wu Y, Zhang H, Xu B, Liu W, Ji C, Li P, Chen Z, Chen B, Li J, Wu X, Jiang P, Hu Y, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Dai J. Spinal cord tissue engineering using human primary neural progenitor cells and astrocytes. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10448. [PMID: 36925694 PMCID: PMC10013752 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising approach for repairing spinal cord injury (SCI). However, cell survival, maturation and integration after transplantation are still major challenges. Here, we produced a novel centimeter-scale human spinal cord neural tissue (hscNT) construct with human spinal cord neural progenitor cells (hscNPCs) and human spinal cord astrocytes (hscAS) on a linearly ordered collagen scaffold (LOCS). The hscAS promoted hscNPC adhesion, survival and neurite outgrowth on the LOCS, to form a linearly ordered spinal cord-like structure consisting of mature neurons and glia cells. When transplanted into rats with SCI, the hscNT created a favorable microenvironment by inhibiting inflammation and glial scar formation, and promoted neural and vascular regeneration. Notably, the hscNT promoted neural circuit reconstruction and motor functional recovery. Engineered human spinal cord implants containing astrocytes and neurons assembled on axon guidance scaffolds may therefore have potential in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yayu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Bai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chunnan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhenni Chen
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jiayin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xianming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Pan B, Wu X, Zeng X, Chen J, Zhang W, Cheng X, Wan Y, Li X. Transplantation of Wnt4-modified neural stem cells mediate M2 polarization to improve inflammatory micro-environment of spinal cord injury. Cell Prolif 2023:e13415. [PMID: 36747440 PMCID: PMC10392051 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been considered as a potential strategy to reconnect the neural circuit after spinal cord injury (SCI) but the therapeutic effect was still unsatisfied because of the poor inflammatory micro-environment of SCI. Previous study reported that neuroprotection and inflammatory immunomodulation were considered to be most important mechanism of NSCs transplantation. In addition, Wnt4 has been considered to be neurogenesis and anti-inflammatory so that it would be an essential assistant agent for NSCs transplantation. Our single cells sequence indicates that macrophages are the most important contributor of inflammatory response after SCI and the interaction between macrophages and astrocytes may be the most crucial to inflammatory microenvironment of SCI. We further report the first piece of evidence to confirm the interaction between Wnt4-modified NSCs and macrophages using NSCs-macrophages co-cultured system. Wnt4-modified NSCs induce M2 polarization and inhibit M1 polarization of macrophages through suppression of TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway; furthermore, M2 cells promote neuronal differentiation of NSCs through MAPK/JNK signal pathway. In vivo, transplantation of Wnt4-modified NSCs improves inflammatory micro-environment through induce M2 polarization and inhibits M1 polarization of macrophages to promote axonal regeneration and tissue repair. The current study indicated that transplantation of Wnt4-modified NSCs mediates M2 polarization of macrophages to promote spinal cord injury repair. Our novel findings would provide more insight of SCI and help with identification of novel treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiqi Pan
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zeng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Bao XX, Zhao C, Bao SS, Rao JS, Yang ZY, Li XG. Recognition of necrotic regions in MRI images of chronic spinal cord injury based on superpixel. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 228:107252. [PMID: 36434959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The cystic cavity and its surrounding dense glial scar formed in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) hinder the regeneration of nerve axons. Accurate location of the necrotic regions formed by the scar and the cavity is conducive to eliminate the re-growth obstacles and promote SCI treatment. This work aims to realize the accurate and automatic location of necrotic regions in the chronic SCI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS In this study, a method based on superpixel is proposed to identify the necrotic regions of spinal cord in chronic SCI MRI. Superpixels were obtained by a simple linear iterative clustering algorithm, and feature sets were constructed from intensity statistical features, gray level co-occurrence matrix features, Gabor texture features, local binary pattern features and superpixel areas. Subsequently, the recognition effects of support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) classification model on necrotic regions were compared from accuracy (ACC), positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), Dice coefficient and algorithm running time. RESULTS The method is evaluated on T1- and T2-weighted MRI spinal cord images of 24 adult female Wistar rats. And an automatic recognition method for spinal cord necrosis regions was established based on the SVM classification model finally. The recognition results were 1.00±0.00 (ACC), 0.89±0.09 (PPV), 0.88±0.12 (SE), 1.00±0.00 (SP) and 0.88±0.07 (Dice), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method can accurately and noninvasively identify the necrotic regions in MRI, which is helpful for the pre-intervention assessment and post-intervention evaluation of chronic SCI research and treatments, and promoting the clinical transformation of chronic SCI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Can Zhao
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China.
| | - Shu-Sheng Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhao-Yang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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NPC transplantation rescues sci-driven cAMP/EPAC2 alterations, leading to neuroprotection and microglial modulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:455. [PMID: 35904607 PMCID: PMC9338125 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation represents a promising treatment strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We demonstrate that severe spinal contusion in adult rats causes transcriptional dysregulation, which persists from early subacute to chronic stages of SCI and affects nearly 20,000 genes in total tissue extracts. Functional analysis of this dysregulated transcriptome reveals the significant downregulation of cAMP signalling components immediately after SCI, involving genes such as EPAC2 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), PKA, BDNF, and CAMKK2. The ectopic transplantation of spinal cord-derived NPCs at acute or subacute stages of SCI induces a significant transcriptional impact in spinal tissue, as evidenced by the normalized expression of a large proportion of SCI-affected genes. The transcriptional modulation pattern driven by NPC transplantation includes the rescued expression of cAMP signalling genes, including EPAC2. We also explore how the sustained in vivo inhibition of EPAC2 downstream signalling via the intrathecal administration of ESI-05 for 1 week impacts therapeutic mechanisms involved in the NPC-mediated treatment of SCI. NPC transplantation in SCI rats in the presence and absence of ESI-05 administration prompts increased rostral cAMP levels; however, NPC and ESI-05 treated animals exhibit a significant reduction in EPAC2 mRNA levels compared to animals receiving only NPCs treatment. Compared with transplanted animals, NPCs + ESI-05 treatment increases the scar area (as shown by GFAP staining), polarizes microglia into an inflammatory phenotype, and increases the magnitude of the gap between NeuN + cells across the lesion. Overall, our results indicate that the NPC-associated therapeutic mechanisms in the context of SCI involve the cAMP pathway, which reduces inflammation and provides a more neuropermissive environment through an EPAC2-dependent mechanism.
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9
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Wang J, Hao R, Jiang T, Guo X, Zhou F, Cao L, Gao F, Wang G, Wang J, Ning K, Zhong C, Chen X, Huang Y, Xu J, Gao S. Rebuilding hippocampus neural circuit with hADSC-derived neuron cells for treating ischemic stroke. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:40. [PMID: 35379347 PMCID: PMC8981707 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have been demonstrated to be a promising autologous stem cell source for treating various neuronal diseases. Our study indicated that hADSCs could be induced into neuron-like cells in a stepwise manner that are characterized by the positive expression of MAP2, SYNAPSIN 1/2, NF-200, and vGLUT and electrophysiological activity. We first primed hADSCs into neuron-like cells (hADSC-NCs) and then intracerebrally transplanted them into MCAO reperfusion mice to further explore their in vivo survival, migration, integration, fate commitment and involvement in neural circuit rebuilding. Results The hADSC-NCs survived well and transformed into MAP2-positive, Iba1- or GFAP-negative cells in vivo while maintaining some proliferative ability, indicated by positive Ki67 staining after 4 weeks. hADSC-NCs could migrate to multiple brain regions, including the cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus, and further differentiate into mature neurons, as confirmed by action potential elicitation and postsynaptic currents. With the aid of a cell suicide system, hADSC-NCs were proven to have functionally integrated into the hippocampal memory circuit, where they contributed to spatial learning and memory rescue, as indicated by LTP improvement and subsequent GCV-induced relapse. In addition to infarction size shrinkage and movement improvement, MCAO-reperfused mice showed bidirectional immune modulation, including inhibition of the local proinflammatory factors IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, MIP-1β and promotion proinflammatory IP-10, MCP-1, and enhancement of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-15. Conclusion Overall, hADSC-NCs used as an intermediate autologous cell source for treating stroke can rebuild hippocampus neuronal circuits through cell replacement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00774-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,, 200032,, China
| | - Tianfang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuanxuan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Limei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fengjuan Gao
- Zhoupu Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Chunlong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Shane Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Li R, Han J, Chen B, Shang J. Homeodomain Interacting Protein Kinase 2-Modified Rat Spinal Astrocytes Affect Neurofunctional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:171-180. [PMID: 35652392 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220601111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is regarded as an acute neurological disorder, and astrocytes play a role in the progression of SCI. OBJECTIVE Herein, we investigated the roles of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2)- modified rat spinal astrocytes in neurofunctional recovery after SCI. METHODS Rat spinal astrocytes were cultured, isolated, and then identified through microscopic observation and immunofluorescence staining. Astrocytes were infected with the adenovirus vector overexpressing HIPK2 for modification, and proliferation and apoptosis of astrocytes were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 method and flow cytometry. SCI rat models were established and treated with astrocytes or HIPK2-modified astrocytes. Subsequently, rat motor ability was analyzed via the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and inclined-plane test, and the damage to spinal cord tissues and neuronal survival were observed via Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining. The levels of HIPK2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nuclear factor erythroid 2- related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway-related proteins were detected. RESULTS Rat spinal astrocytes were harvested successfully. HIPK2 overexpression accelerated the proliferation and repressed the apoptosis of rat spinal astrocytes. Rat spinal astrocytes treatment increased BBB points and the maximum angle at which SCI rats remained stable, ameliorated damage to spinal cord tissues, increased the number of neurons, and attenuated neural damage and inflammation, while the treatment of HIPK2-modified rat spinal astrocytes imparted more pronounced effects to the neurofunctional recovery of SCI rats. Meanwhile, HIPK2-modified rat spinal astrocytes further activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway. CONCLUSION HIPK2-modified rat spinal astrocytes facilitated neurofunctional recovery and activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbo Li
- Spinal and Trauma's Ward, The 3rd People Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jian Han
- Spinal and Trauma's Ward, The 3rd People Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Spinal and Trauma's Ward, The 3rd People Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jingbo Shang
- Spinal and Trauma's Ward, The 3rd People Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116000, China
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11
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Wei SW, Zou MM, Huan J, Li D, Zhang PF, Lu MH, Xiong J, Ma YX. Role of the hydrogen sulfide-releasing donor ADT-OH in the regulation of mammal neural precursor cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2877-2887. [PMID: 35342944 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) generate new neurons to supplement neuronal loss as well as to repair damaged neural circuits. Therefore, NPCs have potential applications in a variety of neurological diseases, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and glaucoma. Specifically, improving NPCs proliferation and manipulating their differentiated cell types can be a beneficial therapy for a variety of these diseases. ADT-OH is a slow-releasing organic H2 S donor that produces a slow and continuous release of H2 S to maintain normal brain functions. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of ADT-OH on NPCs. Our results demonstrated that ADT-OH promotes self-renewal and antiapoptosis ability of cultured NPCs. Additionally, it facilitates more NPCs to differentiate into neurons and oligodendrocytes, while inhibiting their differentiation into astrocytes. Furthermore, it enhances axonal growth. Moreover, we discovered that the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin, TCF7L2, c-Myc, Ngn1, and Ngn2, which are key genes that regulate NPCs self-renewal and differentiation, were increased in the presence of ADT-OH. Altogether, these results indicate that ADT-OH may be a promising drug to regulate the neurogenesis of NPCs, and needs to be studied in the future for clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wen Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Hong Lu
- School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Zou Y, Yin Y, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Han J, Chen B, Xu B, Cui Y, Ma X, Dai J. Transplantation of collagen sponge-based three-dimensional neural stem cells cultured in a RCCS facilitates locomotor functional recovery in spinal cord injury animals. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:915-924. [PMID: 35044381 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01744f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that microgravity induces various changes in the cellular functions of neural stem cells (NSCs), and the use of microgravity to culture tissue engineered seed cells for the treatment of nervous system diseases has drawn increasing attention. The goal of this study was to verify the efficacy of collagen sponge-based 3-dimensional (3D) NSCs cultured in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score, inclined plane test, and electrophysiology results all indicated that 3D cultured NSCs cultured in a RCCS had better therapeutic effects than those cultured in a traditional cell culture environment, suggesting that the microgravity provided by the RCCS could enhance the therapeutic effect of 3D cultured NSCs. Our study indicates the feasibility of combining the RCCS with collagen sponge-based 3D cell culture for producing tissue engineered seed cells for the treatment of SCI. This novel and effective method shows promise for application in cell-based therapy for SCI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zou
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Bai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100101, China.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, the School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Wei Wang, Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China. Tel: +86-27-83663657, E-mail:
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14
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Goyal S, Seth B, Chaturvedi RK. Polyphenols and Stem Cells for Neuroregeneration in Parkinson's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:806-828. [PMID: 34781865 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211115154450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurological disorders, pathologically characterized by chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons respectively. There is still no cure or effective treatment against the disease progression and most of the treatments are symptomatic. The present review offers an overview of the different factors involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Subsequently, we focused on the recent advanced studies of dietary polyphenols and stem cell therapies, which have made it possible to slow down the progression of neurodegeneration. To date, stem cells and different polyphenols have been used for the directional induction of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons. We have also discussed their involvement in the modulation of different signal transduction pathways and growth factor levels in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Likewise stem cells, polyphenols also exhibit the potential of neuroprotection by their anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant properties regulating the growth factors levels and molecular signaling events. Overall this review provides a detailed insight into recent strategies that promise the use of polyphenol with stem cell therapy for the possible treatment of PD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001. India
| | - Brashket Seth
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001. India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001. India
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15
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Mash-1 modified neural stem cells transplantation promotes neural stem cells differentiation into neurons to further improve locomotor functional recovery in spinal cord injury rats. Gene 2021; 781:145528. [PMID: 33631250 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe motor and sensory dysfunctions. Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation therapy plays a positive role in functional recovery after SCI, but the effectiveness of this therapy is limited by inadequate differentiation ability of transplanted NSCs. Mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 (Mash-1) has been reported to improve differentiation of NSCs. Thus, this study modified NSCs with Mash-1 to repair SCI. METHODS NSCs isolated from rat embryo hippocampus were cultured and identified in vitro and further transfected with the lentiviral vectors (Lv-Mash-1). After establishing a SCI rat model, the rats were transplanted with Mash-1 modified NSCs, the histopathological changes of rat spinal cord were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the locomotor activity of rats was evaluated with the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. The NSCs cultured in vitro or extracted from SCI rat spinal cord were identified by immunofluorescence (IF). Mash-1, β3-Tubulin, and NeuN expressions in those cells were determined by Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). RESULTS NSCs isolated from rat embryo hippocampus were Nestin- and NeuN-positive. NSC transplantation modified by Mash-1 increased BBB score of SCI rats and promoted recovery in lesion site of SCI rats. Mash-1 overexpression also promoted β3-Tubulin and NeuN expressions in NSCs cultured in vitro or extracted from spinal cord of SCI rats. CONCLUSION Mash-1 overexpression promoted NSC differentiation into neurons, and further improved locomotor functional recovery of SCI rats.
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16
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Spijkers XM, Pasteuning-Vuhman S, Dorleijn JC, Vulto P, Wevers NR, Pasterkamp RJ. A directional 3D neurite outgrowth model for studying motor axon biology and disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2080. [PMID: 33483540 PMCID: PMC7822896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a method to generate a 3D motor neuron model with segregated and directed axonal outgrowth. iPSC-derived motor neurons are cultured in extracellular matrix gel in a microfluidic platform. Neurons extend their axons into an adjacent layer of gel, whereas dendrites and soma remain predominantly in the somal compartment, as verified by immunofluorescent staining. Axonal outgrowth could be precisely quantified and was shown to respond to the chemotherapeutic drug vincristine in a highly reproducible dose-dependent manner. The model was shown susceptible to excitotoxicity upon exposure with excess glutamate and showed formation of stress granules upon excess glutamate or sodium arsenite exposure, mimicking processes common in motor neuron diseases. Importantly, outgrowing axons could be attracted and repelled through a gradient of axonal guidance cues, such as semaphorins. The platform comprises 40 chips arranged underneath a microtiter plate providing both throughput and compatibility to standard laboratory equipment. The model will thus prove ideal for studying axonal biology and disease, drug discovery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandor M. Spijkers
- grid.474144.6MIMETAS BV, Organ-On-a-Chip Company, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana Pasteuning-Vuhman
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifa C. Dorleijn
- grid.474144.6MIMETAS BV, Organ-On-a-Chip Company, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Vulto
- grid.474144.6MIMETAS BV, Organ-On-a-Chip Company, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke R. Wevers
- grid.474144.6MIMETAS BV, Organ-On-a-Chip Company, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands ,grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R. Jeroen Pasterkamp
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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IGF-1R stimulation alters microglial polarization via TLR4/NF-κB pathway after cerebral hemorrhage in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:221-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Cheng L, Sami A, Ghosh B, Urban MW, Heinsinger NM, Liang SS, Smith GM, Wright MC, Li S, Lepore AC. LAR inhibitory peptide promotes recovery of diaphragm function and multiple forms of respiratory neural circuit plasticity after cervical spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105153. [PMID: 33127470 PMCID: PMC7726004 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), up-regulated in and around the lesion after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), are key extracellular matrix inhibitory molecules that limit axon growth and consequent recovery of function. CSPG-mediated inhibition occurs via interactions with axonal receptors, including leukocyte common antigen- related (LAR) phosphatase. We tested the effects of a novel LAR inhibitory peptide in rats after hemisection at cervical level 2, a SCI model in which bulbospinal inspiratory neural circuitry originating in the medullary rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG) becomes disconnected from phrenic motor neuron (PhMN) targets in cervical spinal cord, resulting in persistent partial-to-complete diaphragm paralysis. LAR peptide was delivered by a soaked gelfoam, which was placed directly over the injury site immediately after C2 hemisection and replaced at 1 week post-injury. Axotomized rVRG axons originating in ipsilateral medulla or spared rVRG fibers originating in contralateral medulla were separately assessed by anterograde tracing via AAV2-mCherry injection into rVRG. At 8 weeks post-hemisection, LAR peptide significantly improved ipsilateral hemidiaphragm function, as assessed in vivo with electromyography recordings. LAR peptide promoted robust regeneration of ipsilateral-originating rVRG axons into and through the lesion site and into intact caudal spinal cord to reach PhMNs located at C3-C5 levels. Furthermore, regenerating rVRG axons re-established putative monosynaptic connections with their PhMNs targets. In addition, LAR peptide stimulated robust sprouting of both modulatory serotonergic axons and contralateral-originating rVRG fibers within the PhMN pool ipsilateral/ caudal to the hemisection. Our study demonstrates that targeting LAR-based axon growth inhibition promotes multiple forms of respiratory neural circuit plasticity and provides a new peptide-based therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the devastating respiratory consequences of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Armin Sami
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Biswarup Ghosh
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Mark W Urban
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Nicolette M Heinsinger
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Sophia S Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - George M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals for Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140-5104, United States of America
| | - Megan C Wright
- Department of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA 19038, United States of America
| | - Shuxin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals for Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140-5104, United States of America
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America.
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Zabegalov KN, Wang D, Yang L, Wang J, Hu G, Serikuly N, Alpyshov ET, Khatsko SL, Zhdanov A, Demin KA, Galstyan DS, Volgin AD, de Abreu MS, Strekalova T, Song C, Amstislavskaya TG, Sysoev Y, Musienko PE, Kalueff AV. Decoding the role of zebrafish neuroglia in CNS disease modeling. Brain Res Bull 2020; 166:44-53. [PMID: 33027679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglia, including microglia and astrocytes, is a critical component of the central nervous system (CNS) that interacts with neurons to modulate brain activity, development, metabolism and signaling pathways. Thus, a better understanding of the role of neuroglia in the brain is critical. Complementing clinical and rodent data, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is rapidly becoming an important model organism to probe the role of neuroglia in brain disorders. With high genetic and physiological similarity to humans and rodents, zebrafish possess some common (shared), as well as some specific molecular biomarkers and features of neuroglia development and functioning. Studying these common and zebrafish-specific aspects of neuroglia may generate important insights into key brain mechanisms, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, neuroregenerative and neurological processes. Here, we discuss the biology of neuroglia in humans, rodents and fish, its role in various CNS functions, and further directions of translational research into the role of neuroglia in CNS disorders using zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N Zabegalov
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - LongEn Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David S Galstyan
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Centre of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cai Song
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yury Sysoev
- Laboratory of Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel E Musienko
- Laboratory of Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
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20
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Fischer I, Dulin JN, Lane MA. Transplanting neural progenitor cells to restore connectivity after spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:366-383. [PMID: 32518349 PMCID: PMC8384139 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury remains a scientific and therapeutic challenge with great cost to individuals and society. The goal of research in this field is to find a means of restoring lost function. Recently we have seen considerable progress in understanding the injury process and the capacity of CNS neurons to regenerate, as well as innovations in stem cell biology. This presents an opportunity to develop effective transplantation strategies to provide new neural cells to promote the formation of new neuronal networks and functional connectivity. Past and ongoing clinical studies have demonstrated the safety of cell therapy, and preclinical research has used models of spinal cord injury to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which donor cells interact with the host and thus increase long-term efficacy. While a variety of cell therapies have been explored, we focus here on the use of neural progenitor cells obtained or derived from different sources to promote connectivity in sensory, motor and autonomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Fischer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Dulin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Li X, Liu R, Yu Z, He D, Zong W, Wang M, Xie M, Wang W, Luo X. Microglial Hv1 exacerbates secondary damage after spinal cord injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:S0006-291X(20)30272-2. [PMID: 32087974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathological process of spinal cord injury (SCI) is complex, particularly during secondary damage that triggers a multiphasic glial reaction consisting of both detrimental and beneficial effects. Deletion of a novel voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) functionally expressed in microglia has been shown to confer neuroprotection during ischemic stroke. Here, we hypothesized that microglial Hv1 may also participate in the process of SCI through modulating glial responses. To test this hypothesis, we employed an SCI model in Hv1-knockout (Hv1-/-) and wild type (WT) mice and assessed resulting microglial polarization, accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, astrocytic activation, oligodendrocytic apoptosis, lesion sizes, and demyelinated areas. Compared with post-SCI results in WT mice, post-SCI Hv1-/- mice exhibited an M2-dominant microglial polarization, decreased accumulation of microglia, and reduced production of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Additionally, Hv1-/- mice had significantly attenuated reactive astrogliosis and reduced expression of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) after SCI. Furthermore, Hv1 deficiency reduced SCI-induced oligodendrocytic apoptosis, demyelinated areas, and cavity formation. Collectively, our results provide the first evidence suggesting that microglial Hv1 may be a multi-mechanism therapeutic target for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Zong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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22
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Li G, Fan ZK, Gu GF, Jia ZQ, Zhang QQ, Dai JY, He SS. Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation Promotes Motor Functional Recovery by Enhancing Oligodendrocyte Survival and Differentiation and by Protecting Myelin after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:372-384. [PMID: 31732865 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) markedly improves motor and sensory function after spinal cord injury (SCI), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated whether ESCS affects oligodendrocyte differentiation and its cellular and molecular mechanisms in rats with SCI. ESCS improved hindlimb motor function at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days after SCI. ESCS also significantly increased the myelinated area at 28 days, and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the spinal white matter at 7 days. SCI decreased the expression of 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase, an oligodendrocyte marker) at 7 days and that of myelin basic protein at 28 days. ESCS significantly upregulated these markers and increased the percentage of Sox2/CNPase/DAPI-positive cells (newly differentiated oligodendrocytes) at 7 days. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 4 (rhBMP4) markedly downregulated these factors after ESCS. Furthermore, ESCS significantly decreased BMP4 and p-Smad1/5/9 expression after SCI, and rhBMP4 reduced this effect of ESCS. These findings indicate that ESCS enhances the survival and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, protects myelin, and promotes motor functional recovery by inhibiting the BMP4-Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Spinal Pain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Guang-Fei Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Spinal Pain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Jun-Yu Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Shi-Sheng He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Spinal Pain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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23
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Luzzi S, Crovace AM, Del Maestro M, Giotta Lucifero A, Elbabaa SK, Cinque B, Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Cimini A, Cifone MG, Crovace A, Galzio R. The cell-based approach in neurosurgery: ongoing trends and future perspectives. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02818. [PMID: 31844735 PMCID: PMC6889232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examination of the current trends and future perspectives of the cell-based therapies in neurosurgery. METHODS A PubMed/MEDLINE-based systematic review has been performed combining the main Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) regarding the cell- and tissue-based therapies with the "Brain", "Spinal Cord", "Spine" and "Skull" MeSH terms. Only articles in English published in the last 10 years and pertinent to neurosurgery have been selected. RESULTS A total of 1,173 relevant articles have been chosen. Somatic cells and gene-modification technologies have undergone the greatest development. Immunotherapies and gene therapies have been tested for the cure of glioblastoma, stem cells mainly for brain and spinal cord traumatic injuries. Stem cells have also found a rationale in the treatment of the cranial and spinal bony defects, and of the intervertebral disc degeneration, as well.Most of the completed or ongoing trials concerning the cell-based therapies in neurosurgery are on phase 2. Future perspectives involve the need to overcome issues related to immunogenicity, oncogenicity and routes for administration. Refinement and improvement of vector design and delivery are required within the gene therapies. CONCLUSION The last decade has been characterised by a progressive evolution of neurosurgery from a purely mechanical phase to a new biological one. This trend has followed the rapid and parallel development of translational medicine and nanotechnologies.The introduction of new technologies, the optimisation of the already existing ones, and the reduction of costs are among the main challenges of the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11 – Policlinico di Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Mattia Del Maestro
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- PhD School in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Samer K. Elbabaa
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, 1222 S. Orange Avenue, 2nd Floor, MP 154, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11 – Policlinico di Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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24
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Sun J, Zhang J, Li K, Zheng Q, Song J, Liang Z, Ding T, Qiao L, Zhang J, Hu X, Wang Z. Photobiomodulation Therapy Inhibit the Activation and Secretory of Astrocytes by Altering Macrophage Polarization. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:141-152. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Gao S, Guo X, Zhao S, Jin Y, Zhou F, Yuan P, Cao L, Wang J, Qiu Y, Sun C, Kang Z, Gao F, Xu W, Hu X, Yang D, Qin Y, Ning K, Shaw PJ, Zhong G, Cheng L, Zhu H, Gao Z, Chen X, Xu J. Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into neuron/motoneuron-like cells for cell replacement therapy of spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:597. [PMID: 31395857 PMCID: PMC6687731 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are increasingly presumed to be a prospective stem cell source for cell replacement therapy in various degenerative and/or traumatic diseases. The potential of trans-differentiating hADSCs into motor neuron cells indisputably provides an alternative way for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. In the present study, a stepwise and efficient hADSC trans-differentiation protocol with retinoic acid (RA), sonic hedgehog (SHH), and neurotrophic factors were developed. With this protocol hADSCs could be converted into electrophysiologically active motoneuron-like cells (hADSC-MNs), which expressed both a cohort of pan neuronal markers and motor neuron specific markers. Moreover, after being primed for neuronal differentiation with RA/SHH, hADSCs were transplanted into SCI mouse model and they survived, migrated, and integrated into injured site and led to partial functional recovery of SCI mice. When ablating the transplanted hADSC-MNs harboring HSV-TK-mCherry overexpression system with antivirial Ganciclovir (GCV), functional relapse was detected by motor-evoked potential (MEP) and BMS assays, implying that transplanted hADSC-MNs participated in rebuilding the neural circuits, which was further confirmed by retrograde neuronal tracing system (WGA). GFP-labeled hADSC-MNs were subjected to whole-cell patch-clamp recording in acute spinal cord slice preparation and both action potentials and synaptic activities were recorded, which further confirmed that those pre-conditioned hADSCs indeed became functionally active neurons in vivo. As well, transplanted hADSC-MNs largely prevented the formation of injury-induced cavities and exerted obvious immune-suppression effect as revealed by preventing astrocyte reactivation and favoring the secretion of a spectrum of anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our work suggests that hADSCs can be readily transformed into MNs in vitro, and stay viable in spinal cord of the SCI mouse and exert multi-therapeutic effects by rebuilding the broken circuitry and optimizing the microenvironment through immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Gao
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xuanxuan Guo
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Simeng Zhao
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Science and Technology University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yinpeng Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, JinShan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Limei Cao
- Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian Wang
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chenxi Sun
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhanrong Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Fengjuan Gao
- Zhoupu hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Danjing Yang
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ying Qin
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Science and Technology University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China. .,BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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26
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Zhao XM, He XY, Liu J, Xu Y, Xu FF, Tan YX, Zhang ZB, Wang TH. Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Improves Locomotor Function in Spinal Cord Transection Rats Associated with Nerve Regeneration and IGF-1 R Expression. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1197-1211. [PMID: 31271053 PMCID: PMC6767897 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719860128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a potential strategy for the treatment of
spinal cord transection (SCT). Here we investigated whether transplanted NSCs would
improve motor function of rats with SCT and explored the underlying mechanism. First, the
rats were divided into sham, SCT, and NSC groups. Rats in the SCT and NSC groups were all
subjected to SCT in T10, and were administered with media and NSC transplantation into the
lesion site, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to label Nestin-, TUNEL-, and
NeuN-positive cells and reveal the expression and location of type I insulin-like growth
factor receptor (IGF-1 R). Locomotor function of hind limbs was assessed by Basso,
Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and inclined plane test. The conduction velocity and
amplitude of spinal nerve fibers were measured by electrophysiology and the anatomical
changes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, expression of IGF-1 R
was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The results
showed that NSCs could survive and differentiate into neurons in vitro and in vivo.
SCT-induced deficits were reduced by NSC transplantation, including increase in
NeuN-positive cells and decrease in apoptotic cells. Moreover, neurophysiological profiles
indicated that the latent period was decreased and the peak-to-peak amplitude of spinal
nerve fibers conduction was increased in transplanted rats, while morphological measures
indicated that fractional anisotropy and the number of nerve fibers in the site of spinal
cord injury were increased after NSC transplantation. In addition, mRNA and protein level
of IGF-1 R were increased in the rostral segment in the NSC group, especially in neurons.
Therefore, we concluded that NSC transplantation promotes motor function improvement of
SCT, which might be associated with activated IGF-1 R, especially in the rostral site. All
of the above suggests that this approach has potential for clinical treatment of spinal
cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Both the author contributed equally to this article
| | - Xiu-Ying He
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Both the author contributed equally to this article
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei-Fei Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Xin Tan
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Bin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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27
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Teng YD. Functional Multipotency of Stem Cells and Recovery Neurobiology of Injured Spinal Cords. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:451-459. [PMID: 31134830 PMCID: PMC6628559 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719850088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This invited concise review was written for the special issue of Cell Transplantation to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the American Society for Neural Therapy and Repair (ASNTR). I aimed to present a succinct summary of two interweaved lines of research work carried out by my team members and collaborators over the past decade. Since the middle of the 20th century, biomedical research has been driven overwhelmingly by molecular technology-based focal endeavors. Our investigative undertakings, however, were orchestrated to define and propose novel theoretical frameworks to enhance the field's ability to overcome complex neurological disorders. The effort has engendered two important academic concepts: Functional Multipotency of Stem Cells, and Recovery Neurobiology of Injured Spinal Cords. Establishing these theories was facilitated by academic insight gleaned from stem cell-based multimodal cross-examination studies using tactics of material science, systems neurobiology, glial biology, and neural oncology. It should be emphasized that the collegial environment cultivated by the mission of the ASNTR greatly promoted the efficacy of inter-laboratory collaborations. Notably, our findings have shed new light on fundamentals of stem cell biology and adult mammalian spinal cord neurobiology. Moreover, the novel academic leads have enabled determination of potential therapeutic targets to restore function for spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang D. Teng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical
School/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Charlestown, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, USA
- Division of SCI Research, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston,
USA
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28
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Goulão M, Ghosh B, Urban MW, Sahu M, Mercogliano C, Charsar BA, Komaravolu S, Block CG, Smith GM, Wright MC, Lepore AC. Astrocyte progenitor transplantation promotes regeneration of bulbospinal respiratory axons, recovery of diaphragm function, and a reduced macrophage response following cervical spinal cord injury. Glia 2018; 67:452-466. [PMID: 30548313 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cell transplantation delivery of astrocytes is a potentially powerful strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI). Axon extension into SCI lesions that occur spontaneously or in response to experimental manipulations is often observed along endogenous astrocyte "bridges," suggesting that augmenting this response via astrocyte lineage transplantation can enhance axon regrowth. Given the importance of respiratory dysfunction post-SCI, we transplanted glial-restricted precursors (GRPs)-a class of lineage-restricted astrocyte progenitors-into the C2 hemisection model and evaluated effects on diaphragm function and the growth response of descending rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG) axons that innervate phrenic motor neurons (PhMNs). GRPs survived long term and efficiently differentiated into astrocytes in injured spinal cord. GRPs promoted significant recovery of diaphragm electromyography amplitudes and stimulated robust regeneration of injured rVRG axons. Although rVRG fibers extended across the lesion, no regrowing axons re-entered caudal spinal cord to reinnervate PhMNs, suggesting that this regeneration response-although impressive-was not responsible for recovery. Within ipsilateral C3-5 ventral horn (PhMN location), GRPs induced substantial sprouting of spared fibers originating in contralateral rVRG and 5-HT axons that are important for regulating PhMN excitability; this sprouting was likely involved in functional effects of GRPs. Finally, GRPs reduced the macrophage response (which plays a key role in inducing axon retraction and limiting regrowth) both within the hemisection and at intact caudal spinal cord surrounding PhMNs. These findings demonstrate that astrocyte progenitor transplantation promotes significant plasticity of rVRG-PhMN circuitry and restoration of diaphragm function and suggest that these effects may be in part through immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Goulão
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laborator, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Biswarup Ghosh
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark W Urban
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Malya Sahu
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina Mercogliano
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brittany A Charsar
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sreeya Komaravolu
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cole G Block
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan C Wright
- Department of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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29
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Orr MB, Gensel JC. Spinal Cord Injury Scarring and Inflammation: Therapies Targeting Glial and Inflammatory Responses. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:541-553. [PMID: 29717413 PMCID: PMC6095779 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in neuronal function are a hallmark of spinal cord injury (SCI) and therapeutic efforts are often focused on central nervous system (CNS) axon regeneration. However, secondary injury responses by astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, meningeal cells, and other glia not only potentiate SCI damage but also facilitate endogenous repair. Due to their profound impact on the progression of SCI, glial cells and modification of the glial scar are focuses of SCI therapeutic research. Within and around the glial scar, cells deposit extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that affect axon growth such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), laminin, collagen, and fibronectin. This dense deposition of material, i.e., the fibrotic scar, is another barrier to endogenous repair and is a target of SCI therapies. Infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes are recruited to the injury site through glial chemokine and cytokine release and subsequent upregulation of chemotactic cellular adhesion molecules and selectins on endothelial cells. These peripheral immune cells, along with endogenous microglia, drive a robust inflammatory response to injury with heterogeneous reparative and pathological properties and are targeted for therapeutic modification. Here, we review the role of glial and inflammatory cells after SCI and the therapeutic strategies that aim to replace, dampen, or alter their activity to modulate SCI scarring and inflammation and improve injury outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Orr
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone, B463 BBSRB, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA
| | - John C Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone, B463 BBSRB, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA.
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30
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Chen ZR, Ma Y, Guo HH, Lu ZD, Jin QH. Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4369-4375. [PMID: 29328412 PMCID: PMC5802210 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats with hyperglycemia and to identify a novel potential method to treat SCI in the presence of hyperglycemia. Female Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into four groups: Sham, SCI, SCI+hyperglycemia and SCI+hyperglycemia+CsA groups. Streptozotocin‑induced hyperglycemic SD rats and a weight‑drop contusion SCI model were established. The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale and inclined plane test were used to evaluate the neurological function of the rats. Flow cytometric assay was performed to detect the apoptotic rates of cells in the spinal cord. ELISA and western blot analysis were performed to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)‑10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, cyclophilin‑D (Cyp‑D) and apoptosis‑inducing factor (AIF). The results demonstrated that CsA significantly improved the neurological function of the SCI rats with hyperglycemia. CsA markedly reduced the number of apoptotic cells exaggerated by hyperglycemia in the spinal cord of the SCI rats. CsA significantly decreased the expression levels of IL‑10, TNF‑α, Cyp‑D and AIF in the spinal cord of the SCI rats. Overall, the present study revealed a significant role of CsA in the treatment of SCI in the presence of hyperglycemia by inhibiting the apoptosis of spinal cord cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Rong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Hui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Dong Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Qun-Hua Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Liu S, Schackel T, Weidner N, Puttagunta R. Biomaterial-Supported Cell Transplantation Treatments for Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges and Perspectives. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 11:430. [PMID: 29375316 PMCID: PMC5768640 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting in para- and tetraplegia caused by the partial or complete disruption of descending motor and ascending sensory neurons, represents a complex neurological condition that remains incurable. Following SCI, numerous obstacles comprising of the loss of neural tissue (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes), formation of a cavity, inflammation, loss of neuronal circuitry and function must be overcome. Given the multifaceted primary and secondary injury events that occur with SCI treatment options are likely to require combinatorial therapies. While several methods have been explored, only the intersection of two, cell transplantation and biomaterial implantation, will be addressed in detail here. Owing to the constant advance of cell culture technologies, cell-based transplantation has come to the forefront of SCI treatment in order to replace/protect damaged tissue and provide physical as well as trophic support for axonal regrowth. Biomaterial scaffolds provide cells with a protected environment from the surrounding lesion, in addition to bridging extensive damage and providing physical and directional support for axonal regrowth. Moreover, in this combinatorial approach cell transplantation improves scaffold integration and therefore regenerative growth potential. Here, we review the advances in combinatorial therapies of Schwann cells (SCs), astrocytes, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), mesenchymal stem cells, as well as neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) with various biomaterial scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Liu
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Thomas Schackel
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Weidner
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Radhika Puttagunta
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Iyer NR, Wilems TS, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Stem cells for spinal cord injury: Strategies to inform differentiation and transplantation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:245-259. [PMID: 27531038 PMCID: PMC5642909 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI), involving a cascade of secondary events and the formation of inhibitory barriers, hampers regeneration across the lesion site and often results in irreversible loss of motor function. The limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells after SCI has led to a focus on the development of cell therapies that can confer both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative benefits. Stem cells have emerged as a candidate cell source because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into a multitude of specialized cell types. While ethical and safety concerns impeded the use of stem cells in the past, advances in isolation and differentiation methods have largely mitigated these issues. A confluence of work in stem cell biology, genetics, and developmental neurobiology has informed the directed differentiation of specific spinal cell types. After transplantation, these stem cell-derived populations can replace lost cells, provide trophic support, remyelinate surviving axons, and form relay circuits that contribute to functional recovery. Further refinement of stem cell differentiation and transplantation methods, including combinatorial strategies that involve biomaterial scaffolds and drug delivery, is critical as stem cell-based treatments enter clinical trials. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 245-259. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R Iyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Stop C0800 BME 3.314, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Thomas S Wilems
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Stop C0800 BME 3.314, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Shelly E Sakiyama-Elbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Stop C0800 BME 3.314, Austin, Texas 78712
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Lane MA, Lepore AC, Fischer I. Improving the therapeutic efficacy of neural progenitor cell transplantation following spinal cord injury. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:433-440. [PMID: 27927055 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1270206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been a wide range of preclinical studies testing cellular therapies to repair the injured spinal cord, yet they remain a challenge to translate because of inconsistencies in efficacy, limited number of patients with acute/subacute SCI and the high costs of clinical trials. Area covered: This paper focusses on the therapeutic potential of neural precursor cells (NPCs) because they can provide the cellular components capable of promoting repair and enhancing functional improvement following spinal cord injury (SCI). The authors discuss the challenges of NPC transplantation with respect to different populations of NPCs of glial and neuronal lineages, the timing of treatment relative to acute and chronic injury, and the progress in ongoing clinical trials. Expert commentary: Preclinical research will continue to elucidate mechanisms of recovery associated with NPC transplants, including increasing the partnership with related fields such as spinal atrophies and multiple sclerosis. The clinical trials landscape will grow and include both acute and chronic SCI with increased partnership and strengthened communication between biotechnology, government and academia. There will also be growing effort to develop better biomarkers, imaging and outcome measures for detailed assessment of neurological function and measures of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Lane
- a Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Spinal Cord Research Center , Drexel University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- b Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience , Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Itzhak Fischer
- a Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Spinal Cord Research Center , Drexel University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Miyazaki I, Asanuma M. Serotonin 1A Receptors on Astrocytes as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:686-700. [PMID: 26795196 PMCID: PMC4997990 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160122115057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant neuron-supporting glial cells in the central nervous system. The neuroprotective role of astrocytes has been demonstrated in various neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, stroke and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Astrocyte dysfunction or loss-of-astrocytes increases the susceptibility of neurons to cell death, while astrocyte transplantation in animal studies has therapeutic advantage. We reported recently that stimulation of serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors on astrocytes promoted astrocyte proliferation and upregulated antioxidative molecules to act as a neuroprotectant in parkinsonian mice. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability, that are based on selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and with non-motor symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension and constipation based on peripheral neurodegeneration. Although dopaminergic therapy for managing the motor disability associated with PD is being assessed at present, the main challenge remains the development of neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatments. Therefore, it is desirable to find treatments that can reduce the progression of dopaminergic cell death. In this article, we summarize first the neuroprotective properties of astrocytes targeting certain molecules related to PD. Next, we review neuroprotective effects induced by stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors on astrocytes. The review discusses new promising therapeutic strategies based on neuroprotection against oxidative stress and prevention of dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Miyazaki
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Targeting Glial Mitochondrial Function for Protection from Cerebral Ischemia: Relevance, Mechanisms, and the Role of MicroRNAs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6032306. [PMID: 27777645 PMCID: PMC5061974 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6032306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes and microglia play crucial roles in the response to cerebral ischemia and are effective targets for stroke therapy in animal models. MicroRNAs (miRs) are important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression that function by inhibiting the translation of select target genes. In astrocytes, miR expression patterns regulate mitochondrial function in response to oxidative stress via targeting of Bcl2 and heat shock protein 70 family members. Mitochondria play an active role in microglial activation, and miRs regulate the microglial neuroinflammatory response. As endogenous miR expression patterns can be altered with exogenous mimics and inhibitors, miR-targeted therapies represent a viable intervention to optimize glial mitochondrial function and improve clinical outcome following cerebral ischemia. In the present article, we review the role that astrocytes and microglia play in neuronal function and fate following ischemic stress, discuss the relevance of mitochondria in the glial response to injury, and present current evidence implicating miRs as critical regulators in the glial mitochondrial response to cerebral ischemia.
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Charsar BA, Urban MW, Lepore AC. Harnessing the power of cell transplantation to target respiratory dysfunction following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2016; 287:268-275. [PMID: 27531634 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefit of cell transplantation has been assessed in a host of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including disorders of the spinal cord such as traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The promise of cell transplantation to preserve and/or restore normal function can be aimed at a variety of therapeutic mechanisms, including replacement of lost or damaged CNS cell types, promotion of axonal regeneration or sprouting, neuroprotection, immune response modulation, and delivery of gene products such as neurotrophic factors, amongst other possibilities. Despite significant work in the field of transplantation in models of SCI, limited attention has been directed at harnessing the therapeutic potential of cell grafting for preserving respiratory function after SCI, despite the critical role pulmonary compromise plays in patient outcome in this devastating disease. Here, we will review the limited number of studies that have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of intraspinal transplantation of a variety of cell types for addressing respiratory dysfunction in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Charsar
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 418, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - Mark W Urban
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 418, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 418, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States.
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Astrocytes Protect against Isoflurane Neurotoxicity by Buffering pro-brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor. Anesthesiology 2015; 123:810-9. [PMID: 26270940 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane induces cell death in neurons undergoing synaptogenesis via increased production of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) and activation of postsynaptic p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75). Astrocytes express p75, but their role in neuronal p75-mediated cell death remains unclear. The authors investigated whether astrocytes have the capacity to buffer increases in proBDNF and protect against isoflurane/p75 neurotoxicity. METHODS Cell death was assessed in day in vitro (DIV) 7 mouse primary neuronal cultures alone or in co-culture with age-matched or DIV 21 astrocytes with propidium iodide 24 h after 1 h exposure to 2% isoflurane or recombinant proBDNF. Astrocyte-targeted knockdown of p75 in co-culture was achieved with small-interfering RNA and astrocyte-specific transfection reagent and verified with immunofluorescence microscopy. proBDNF levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each experiment used six to eight replicate cultures/condition and was repeated at least three times. RESULTS Exposure to isoflurane significantly (P < 0.05) increased neuronal cell death in primary neuronal cultures (1.5 ± 0.7 fold, mean ± SD) but not in co-culture with DIV 7 (1.0 ± 0.5 fold) or DIV 21 astrocytes (1.2 ± 1.2 fold). Exogenous proBDNF dose dependently induced neuronal cell death in both primary neuronal and co-cultures, an effect enhanced by astrocyte p75 inhibition. Astrocyte-targeted p75 knockdown in co-cultures increased media proBDNF (1.2 ± 0.1 fold) and augmented isoflurane-induced neuronal cell death (3.8 ± 3.1 fold). CONCLUSIONS The presence of astrocytes provides protection to growing neurons by buffering increased levels of proBDNF induced by isoflurane. These findings may hold clinical significance for the neonatal and injured brain where increased levels of proBDNF impair neurogenesis.
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Glial restricted precursors maintain their permissive properties after long-term expansion but not following exposure to pro-inflammatory factors. Brain Res 2015; 1629:113-25. [PMID: 26498878 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glial restricted precursors (GRP) are a promising cellular source for transplantation therapy of spinal cord injury (SCI), capable of creating a permissive environment for axonal growth and regeneration. However, there are several issues regarding the nature of their permissive properties that remain unexplored. For example, cellular transplantation strategies for spinal cord repair require the preparation of a large number of cells, but it is unknown whether the permissive properties of GRP are maintained following the process of in vitro expansion. We used rat GRP isolated from the embryonic day 13.5 spinal cord to compare the properties of early (10-20 days) and late (120-140 days) passage GRP. We found that late passage GRP showed comparable effects on neurite outgrowth of adult rat DRG to early passage GRP in both in vitro co-culture and conditioned medium experiments. In addition, to further examine the effects of the inflammatory cascade activated in the aftermath of SCI on the microenvironment, we studied the direct effects of strong inflammatory mediators, Lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma (LPS and IFNɤ, respectively), on the properties of GRP. We showed that exposure to these pro-inflammatory mediators altered GRP phenotype and attenuated their growth-promoting effects on neurite outgrowth in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that GRP maintain their growth-promoting properties following extensive in vitro passaging and underscore the importance of modulating the inflammatory environment at the injured spinal cord.
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Harness the power of endogenous neural stem cells by biomaterials to treat spinal cord injury. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:1167-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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