1
|
Ren S, Han Q, Zhou P, Wang Z, Huang Y. SDF-1/CXCR4 axis participants in the pathophysiology of adult patients with moyamoya disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107717. [PMID: 38608825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by an abundance of moyamoya vessels; however, the precise mechanism driving the spontaneous angiogenesis of these compensatory vessels remains unclear. Previous research has established a link between the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/ CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis and angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. Nevertheless, the alterations in this axis within the cerebrospinal fluid, arachnoid membranes and vascular tissue of MMD patients have not been fully investigated. METHODS Our study enrolled 66 adult MMD patients and 61 patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease (ACVD). We investigated the SDF-1 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and CXCR4 expression level on the arachnoid membranes and vascular tissue. We utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistr. Additionally, we cultured and stimulated human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions followed by reoxygenation, to examine any changes in the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. RESULTS The results demonstrated an elevation in the level of SDF-1 in CSF among MMD patients compared to those with ACVD. Moreover, the expression of CXCR4 in arachnoid membranes and vascular tissue showed a similar trend. Furthermore, the content of CXCR4 in HBMECs and SMCs increased with the duration of ischemia and hypoxia. However, it was observed that the expression of CXCR4 decreased at OGD/R 24h compared to OGD 24h. The temporal pattern of SDF-1 expression in HBMECs and SMCs mirrored that of CXCR4 expression. CONCLUSION These findings indicate a critical role for the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the angiogenesis of moyamoya disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Moyamoya Disease/metabolism
- Moyamoya Disease/physiopathology
- Moyamoya Disease/cerebrospinal fluid
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL12/cerebrospinal fluid
- Male
- Female
- Adult
- Middle Aged
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Cell Hypoxia
- Aged
- Up-Regulation
- Young Adult
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyu Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qingdong Han
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yabo Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anchesi I, Schepici G, Mazzon E. LncRNAs and CircRNAs as Strategies against Pathological Conditions Caused by a Hypoxic/Anoxic State. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1622. [PMID: 38002304 PMCID: PMC10669691 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain damage can be induced by oxygen deprivation. It is known that hypoxic or anoxic conditions can lead to changes in the expression levels of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which, in turn, can be related to Central Nervous System (CNS) injuries. Therefore, it could be useful to investigate the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as well as the underlying mechanisms which are able to modulate them in brain damage induced by hypoxic or anoxic conditions. In this review, we focused on recent research that associates these conditions with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The results of this review demonstrate that the expression of both lncRNAs and circRNAs can be influenced by oxygen deprivation conditions and so they can contribute to inducing damage or providing neuroprotection by affecting specific molecular pathways. Furthermore, several experimental studies have shown that ncRNA activity can be regulated by compounds, thus also modifying their transcriptomic profile and their effects on CNS damages induced by hypoxic/anoxic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Strada Statale 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dorschel KB, Wanebo JE. Physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of the molecular and cellular biology of angiogenesis and inflammation in moyamoya angiopathy and related vascular diseases. Front Neurol 2023; 14:661611. [PMID: 37273690 PMCID: PMC10236939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.661611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) remain largely unknown. MMA is a progressive, occlusive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by recurrent ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; with compensatory formation of an abnormal network of perforating blood vessels that creates a collateral circulation; and by aberrant angiogenesis at the base of the brain. Imbalance of angiogenic and vasculogenic mechanisms has been proposed as a potential cause of MMA. Moyamoya vessels suggest that aberrant angiogenic, arteriogenic, and vasculogenic processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of MMA. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells have been hypothesized to contribute to vascular remodeling in MMA. MMA is associated with increased expression of angiogenic factors and proinflammatory molecules. Systemic inflammation may be related to MMA pathogenesis. Objective This literature review describes the molecular mechanisms associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction, aberrant angiogenesis, and inflammation in MMA and related cerebrovascular diseases along with treatment strategies and future research perspectives. Methods and results References were identified through a systematic computerized search of the medical literature from January 1, 1983, through July 29, 2022, using the PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews, CNKI, ISI web of science, and Medline databases and various combinations of the keywords "moyamoya," "angiogenesis," "anastomotic network," "molecular mechanism," "physiology," "pathophysiology," "pathogenesis," "biomarker," "genetics," "signaling pathway," "blood-brain barrier," "endothelial progenitor cells," "endothelial function," "inflammation," "intracranial hemorrhage," and "stroke." Relevant articles and supplemental basic science articles almost exclusively published in English were included. Review of the reference lists of relevant publications for additional sources resulted in 350 publications which met the study inclusion criteria. Detection of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines in MMA patients suggests the hypothesis of aberrant angiogenesis being involved in MMA pathogenesis. It remains to be ascertained whether these findings are consequences of MMA or are etiological factors of MMA. Conclusions MMA is a heterogeneous disorder, comprising various genotypes and phenotypes, with a complex pathophysiology. Additional research may advance our understanding of the pathophysiology involved in aberrant angiogenesis, arterial stenosis, and the formation of moyamoya collaterals and anastomotic networks. Future research will benefit from researching molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms and the correlation of clinical and basic research results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B. Dorschel
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John E. Wanebo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu E, Liu C, Jin L, Zhou H, Tan X, Zhang G, Tao W, Gao X, Zhao H, Luo C, Li X, Yang S. Clinical value of the systemic immune-inflammation index in moyamoya disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1123951. [PMID: 37153657 PMCID: PMC10157187 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1123951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder with unknown etiology. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of moyamoya disease remains to be elucidated, but recent studies have increasingly highlighted that abnormal immune response may be a potential trigger for MMD. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) are inflammatory markers that can reflect the immune-inflammation state of the disease. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate SII, NLR, and PLR in patients with moyamoya disease. Methods A total of 154 patients with moyamoya disease (MMD group) and 321 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included in this retrospective case-control study. Complete blood count parameters were assayed to calculate the SII, NLR, and PLR values. Results The SII, NLR, and PLR values in the moyamoya disease group were significantly higher than those in the control group [754 ± 499 vs. 411 ± 205 (P < 0.001), 2.83 ± 1.98 vs. 1.81 ± 0.72 (P < 0.001), and 152 ± 64 vs. 120 ± 42 (P < 0.001), respectively]. The SII in the medium-moyamoya vessels of moyamoya disease was higher than that in the high-moyamoya vessels and low-moyamoya vessels (P = 0.005). Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict MMD, the highest area under the curve (AUC) was determined for SII (0.76 for SII, 0.69 for NLR, and 0.66 for PLR). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, patients with moyamoya disease admitted for inpatient care due to acute or chronic stroke have significantly higher SII, NLR, and PLR when compared to blood samples drawn from completely healthy controls in a non-emergent outpatient setting. While the findings may suggest that inflammation plays a role in moyamoya disease, further studies are warranted to corroborate such an association. In the middle stage of moyamoya disease, there may be a more intense imbalance of immune inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine whether the SII index contributes to the diagnosis or serves as a potential marker of an inflammatory response in patients with moyamoya disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chengyuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Lide Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xueyi Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Guibo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Weihua Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Department of AIDS/STDs Prevention and Control, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehua Li
| | - Shuaifeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Shuaifeng Yang
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Ma X, He X, Gan C, Zou X, Wang S, Shu K, Lei T, Zhang H. CircZXDC Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Transdifferentiation via Regulating miRNA-125a-3p/ABCC6 in Moyamoya Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233792. [PMID: 36497052 PMCID: PMC9741004 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an occlusive, chronic cerebrovascular disease affected by genetic mutation and the immune response. Furthermore, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) participate in the neointima of MMD, but the etiology and pathophysiological changes in MMD vessels remain largely unknown. Therefore, we established the circZXDC (ZXD family zinc finger C)-miR-125a-3p-ABCC6 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 6) axis from public datasets and online tools based on "sponge-like" interaction mechanisms to investigate its possible role in VSMCs. The results from a series of in vitro experiments, such as dual luciferase reporter assays, cell transfection, CCK-8 assays, Transwell assays, and Western blotting, indicate a higher level of circZXDC in the MMD plasma, especially in those MMD patients with the RNF213 mutation. Moreover, circZXDC overexpression results in a VSMC phenotype switching toward a synthetic status, with increased proliferation and migration activity. CircZXDC sponges miR-125a-3p to increase ABCC6 expression, which induces ERS (endoplasmic reticulum stress), and subsequently regulates VSMC transdifferentiation from the contractive phenotype to the synthetic phenotype, contributing to the intima thickness of MMD vessels. Our findings provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of MMD and indicate that the circZXDC-miR-125a-3p-ABCC6 axis plays a pivotal role in the progression of MMD. Furthermore, circZXDC might be a diagnostic biomarker and an ABCC6-specific inhibitor and has the potential to become a promising therapeutic option for MMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xincheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuejun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chao Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huaqiu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Q, Yang D, Zuo Y, Wang D, Li W. Emerging roles of circular RNAs in tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995701. [PMID: 36211395 PMCID: PMC9532239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health issue, resulting in around 1.5 million people deaths each year. Better diagnostic and therapeutic tools are urgently needed. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed structure, and exhibit a tissue-, cell-, and developmental stage-specific expression pattern. Recently, circRNAs were thought to be regulatory molecules implicated in the onset and progression of a series of human diseases including tuberculosis. In tuberculosis, circRNAs have been shown to regulate host anti-TB immune responses, such as decreasing monocyte apoptosis, enhancing autophagy and promoting macrophage polarization. Importantly, circRNAs are physically stable and abundant in several types of body fluids. Therefore they are considered as promising minimally-invasive biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the immune regulatory roles of circRNAs, as well as their potential diagnostic value in TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglan Wang, ; Weimin Li,
| | - Danni Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinan Zuo
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglan Wang, ; Weimin Li,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Noncoding RNA as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cerebrovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8149701. [PMID: 35498129 PMCID: PMC9042605 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8149701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). They are effectively detectable in body fluids, potentially suggesting new biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of CVDs. In this review, the physiological functions of circulating ncRNAs and their potential role as diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with cerebrovascular diseases are discussed, especially in acute ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and moyamoya disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hypoxia-Induced circRNAs in Human Diseases: From Mechanisms to Potential Applications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091381. [PMID: 35563687 PMCID: PMC9105251 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of endogenous RNAs characterized by closed loop structures lacking 5′ to 3′ polarity and polyadenylated tails. They are widely present in various organisms and are more stable and conserved than linear RNAs. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs play important roles in physiology-related processes. Under pathological conditions, hypoxia usually worsens disease progression by manipulating the microenvironment for inflammation and invasion through various dysregulated biological molecules. Among them, circRNAs, which are involved in many human diseases, including cancer, are associated with the overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factors. However, the precise mechanisms of hypoxic regulation by circRNAs remain largely unknown. This review summarizes emerging evidence regarding the interplay between circRNAs and hypoxia in the pathophysiological changes of diverse human diseases, including cancer. Next, the impact of hypoxia-induced circRNAs on cancer progression, therapeutic resistance, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism will be discussed. Last, but not least, the potential application of circRNAs in the early detection, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases will be highlighted.
Collapse
|
9
|
Han Z, Li L, Liu P, Huang Y, Zhang S, Li G, Li F, Zhao H, Tao Z, Wang R, Ma Q, Luo Y. Metabolic Adjustments by LncRNAs in Peripheral Neutrophils Partly Account for the Complete Compensation of Asymptomatic MMD Patients. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:306-317. [PMID: 32552656 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200618150827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the recent development of non-invasive examinations, more asymptomatic patients with Moyamoya Disease (MMD) have been diagnosed than ever. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical intervention guidelines are all still obscure. METHODS Microarray was used to explore those differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in peripheral neutrophils of asymptomatic MMD patients. Then enrichment analyses based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for those differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNA associated mRNAs were performed for underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Here, we identified a total of 2824 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 522 differentially expressed mRNAs (fold change > 2 and P<0.05) in peripheral neutrophils of asymptomatic MMD patients, compared with healthy controls. Then enrichment analyses based on GO and KEGG showed that the neighboring protein-coding mRNAs of those up-regulated and down-regulated lncRNAs were mainly involved in distinct metabolic processes respectively, which may act as a complementary response to insufficient blood supplies in MMD. Further enrichment analyses of those differentially expressed mRNAs preferentially listed essential physiological processes such as peptide cross-linking, chromatin assembly among others. Moreover, altered mRNAs also revealed to be enriched in renin secretion, platelet activation, inflammation and others. CONCLUSION We demonstrated for the first time that metabolic adjustments by dysregulated lncRNAs in peripheral neutrophils might partially account for the complete compensation of asymptomatic MMD patients. In addition, more attention should be paid on renin secretion and platelet activation in order to better understand the pathogenesis and guide clinical intervention for asymptomatic MMDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwen Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu W, Yan G. The Emerging Role of Circular RNAs in Cerebral Vascular Disorders. Eur Neurol 2021; 84:230-236. [PMID: 33957618 DOI: 10.1159/000515807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed circular noncoding RNAs that are expressed in various life forms. CircRNAs have many characteristics, such as structural stability and tissue-specific expression that contribute to their role as a microRNA (sponge in gene regulation. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggests that circRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs); however, the exact mechanism remains controversial. CircRNAs that are related to CVDs have great clinical significance. Key Messages: The present review provides an overview of the general biology of circRNAs, their relevant regulatory mechanisms, and their role in the pathophysiology of CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu H, Zou Y, Chen C, Tang Y, Guo J. Current Understanding of Circular RNAs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628872. [PMID: 33717154 PMCID: PMC7946848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common and potentially fatal autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs. To date, its etiology and pathogenesis remains elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structure. Growing evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs may play an essential role in regulation of gene expression and transcription by acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, impacting cell survival and proliferation by interacting with RNA binding proteins (RBPs), and strengthening mRNA stability by forming RNA-protein complexes duplex structures. The expression patterns of circRNAs exhibit tissue-specific and pathogenesis-related manner. CircRNAs have implicated in the development of multiple autoimmune diseases, including SLE. In this review, we summarize the characteristics, biogenesis, and potential functions of circRNAs, its impact on immune responses and highlight current understanding of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Yundong Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Yundi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan L, Chen YG. Circular RNAs in Immune Response and Viral Infection. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:1022-1034. [PMID: 32900574 PMCID: PMC7642119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a diverse class of RNAs with varying sizes, cellular abundance, and biological functions. Investigations from the past decade have revealed that circRNAs are ubiquitously found in eukaryotes and have defined the different biological roles of circRNAs to illuminate this previously unrecognized class of molecules. In the context of the immune system, immune responses and immune-related diseases alter circRNA expression. More recently, several oncogenic double-stranded DNA viruses have been found to encode circRNAs. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of circRNAs and their emerging functions in immune regulation and autoimmune disorders, and discuss the identification and potential roles of viral circRNAs during infections. Finally, we present promising areas for future investigations in the nascent field of circRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichong Yan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA..
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Z, Cheng Y, Wu F, Wu L, Cao H, Wang Q, Tang W. The emerging landscape of circular RNAs in immunity: breakthroughs and challenges. Biomark Res 2020; 8:25. [PMID: 32665846 PMCID: PMC7348111 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently linked RNAs that exhibit individual strand with a closed-loop framework compared with a conserving, steady and abundant linear counterpart. In recent years, as high-throughput sequencing advancement has been developing, functional circRNAs have been increasingly recognized, and more extensive analyses expounded their effect on different diseases. However, the study on the function of circRNAs in the immune system remains insufficient. This study discusses the basic principles of circRNAs regulation and the systems involved in physiology-related and pathology-related processes. The effect of circRNAs on immune regulation is elucidated. The ongoing development of circRNAs and basic immunology has multiplied their potential in treating diseases. Such perspective will summarize the status and effect of circRNAs on various immune cells in cancer, autoimmune diseases and infections. Moreover, this study will primarily expound the system of circRNAs in T lymphocytes, macrophages and other immune cells, which creates a novel perspective and lay a theoretical basis for treating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxiao Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gu X, Jiang D, Yang Y, Zhang P, Wan G, Gu W, Shi J, Jiang L, Chen B, Zheng Y, Liu D, Guo S, Lu C. Construction and Comprehensive Analysis of Dysregulated Long Noncoding RNA-Associated Competing Endogenous RNA Network in Moyamoya Disease. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2018214. [PMID: 32617116 PMCID: PMC7306867 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2018214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by chronic progressive stenosis or occlusion of the bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and the middle cerebral artery (MCA). MMD is secondary to the formation of an abnormal vascular network at the base of the skull. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of MMD remain poorly understood. METHODS A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed by analyzing sample-matched messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles from MMD patients and control samples. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify crucial genes associated with MMD. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were employed with the DAVID database to investigate the underlying functions of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) involved in the ceRNA network. CMap was used to identify potential small drug molecules. RESULTS A total of 94 miRNAs, 3649 lncRNAs, and 2294 mRNAs were differentially expressed between MMD patients and control samples. A synergistic ceRNA lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed. Core regulatory miRNAs (miR-107 and miR-423-5p) and key mRNAs (STAT5B, FOSL2, CEBPB, and CXCL16) involved in the ceRNA network were identified. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the DEmRNAs were involved in the regulation of the immune system and inflammation in MMD. Finally, two potential small molecule drugs, CAY-10415 and indirubin, were identified by CMap as candidate drugs for treating MMD. CONCLUSIONS The present study used bioinformatics analysis of candidate RNAs to identify a series of clearly altered miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs involved in MMD. Furthermore, a ceRNA lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed, which provides insights into the novel molecular pathogenesis of MMD, thus giving promising clues for clinical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gu
- Research Department, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Medicine Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Research Department, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangxian Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, China
| | - Sufen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Changlian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Song H, Liu Q, Liao Q. Circular RNA and tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:211. [PMID: 32518520 PMCID: PMC7268656 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a unique ring structure and play important roles as gene regulators. Disturbed expressions of circRNAs is closely related to varieties of pathological processes. The roles of circRNAs in cancers have gained increasing concerns. The communications between the cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) play complicated roles to affect the malignant behaviors of cancers, which potentially present new therapeutic targets. Herein, we reviewed the roles of circRNAs in the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jia E, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Wang L, Ouyang T, Pan M, Bai Y, Ge Q. Transcriptomic Profiling of Circular RNA in Different Brain Regions of Parkinson's Disease in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083006. [PMID: 32344560 PMCID: PMC7216060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and although many studies have been done on this disease, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood and further studies are warranted. Therefore, this study identified circRNA expression profiles in the cerebral cortex (CC), hippocampus (HP), striatum (ST), and cerebellum (CB) regions of the 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and differentially expressed circRNA were validated using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analyses were also performed to explore the potential function of circRNAs. The results show that, compared with the control group, 24, 66, 71, and 121 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were found in the CC, HP, ST, and CB, respectively. PDST vs. PDCB, PDST vs. PDHP, and PDCB vs. PDHP groups have 578, 110, and 749 DE-circRNAs, respectively. Then, seven DE-cirRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR verification, where the expressions were consistent with the sequencing analysis. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that these DE-circRNAs participate in several biological functions and signaling pathways, including glutamic synapse, neuron to neuron synapse, cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation, Parkinson's disease, axon guidance, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the KEGG analysis of the target genes predicted by DE-circRNAs indicated that the target genes predicted by mmu_circRNA_0003292, mmu_circRNA_0001320, mmu_circRNA_0005976, and mmu_circRNA_0005388 were involved in the PD-related pathway. Overall, this is the first study on the expression profile of circRNAs in the different brain regions of PD mouse model. These results might facilitate our understanding of the potential roles of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of PD. Moreover, the results also indicate that the mmu_circRNA_0003292-miRNA-132-Nr4a2 pathway might be involved in the regulation of the molecular mechanism of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (E.J.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (T.O.); (Y.B.)
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (E.J.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (T.O.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (E.J.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (T.O.); (Y.B.)
| | - Liujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (E.J.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (T.O.); (Y.B.)
| | - Tinglan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (E.J.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (T.O.); (Y.B.)
| | - Min Pan
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210097, China;
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (E.J.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (T.O.); (Y.B.)
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (E.J.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.W.); (T.O.); (Y.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8379-2396
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu M, Xie F, Tang X, Wang T, Wang S. Insights into the role of circular RNA in macrophage activation and fibrosis disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104777. [PMID: 32244027 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs which form a covalent bond structure without a 5' cap or a 3' polyadenylated tail, which is deleted through back-splicing. The expression of circRNAs in highly divergent eukaryotes is abundant. With the development of high-throughput sequencing, the mysteries of circRNAs have gradually been revealed. Increased attention has been paid to determining their biological functions and whether their changed expression profiles are linked to disease progression. Functionally, circRNAs have been shown to act as miRNA sponges or nuclear transcription factor regulators, and to play a part in RNA splicing. Various types of circRNAs have been discovered to be differentially expressed under steady physiological and pathological conditions. Recently, several studies have focused on the roles of circRNAs in macrophages on inflammatory stimulation. In this study, we review the current advances in the understanding of circRNAs in macrophages under various pathological conditions, in particular during organ fibrosis, and summarize possible directions for future circRNA applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feiting Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Fu X, Chu XM, Li Y, Wang Q, He X, Li M, Wang K, Wang JX, Li PF, Yu T. Insights into the regulatory role of circRNA in angiogenesis and clinical implications. Atherosclerosis 2020; 298:14-26. [PMID: 32131039 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the physiological process of new blood vessel formation from existing capillary vessels or posterior capillary veins. Its dysfunction could result in a number of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, contributing to death and disability worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel identified RNA molecules with a special covalent loop structure without a 5' cap and 3' tail, which can lead to novel back-splicing or skipping events from precursor mRNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNA play critical roles in diseases; in particular, they are abundantly and abnormally expressed in angiogenesis-related diseases. In this review, we describe the role of circRNA under pathological conditions, discuss the association between circRNA and angiogenesis, classify the regulatory mechanisms and suggest that circRNA can be used as potential therapeutic targets for angiogenesis-related diseases under clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, China; Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xingqiang He
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, China
| | - Jian-Xun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, China; Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Editorial: Mechanistic underpinnings of stem cell therapy for neurological disorders. Brain Res 2019; 1729:146643. [PMID: 31901430 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This special issue entitled "Mechanistic underpinnings of stem cell therapy for neurological disorders" brings together academicians, clinicians and industry partners with vested interest in the safe and effective translation of stem cell-based therapeutics from the laboratory to the clinic. Despite the scientific advances and limited clinical trials of stem cell therapy for neurological disorders, the mechanisms of action remain not fully understood. Here, we provide critical analyses of the therapeutic pathways postulated to mediate stem cell therapy. The views expressed here are based on scientific evidence, but also well-rationalized speculative hypotheses are encouraged in order to guide the field in exploiting the likely responsive pathways, as well as in exploring novel candidate targets which may open venues in optimizing the therapeutic effects of stem cell therapy. In the end, our goal is to coalesce the concerted efforts from stem cell researchers in probing the mechanistic triggers of cell-based treatments towards ensuring the safety and efficacy profiles of stem cell therapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Corey S, Luo Y. Circular RNAs and neutrophils: Key factors in tackling asymptomatic moyamoya disease. Brain Circ 2019; 5:150-155. [PMID: 31620664 PMCID: PMC6785948 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_38_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) represents a rare steno-occlusive disorder affecting the terminal ends of the internal carotid artery and promoting the development of a poor, abnormal vascular network at the brain's base. Primarily affecting East Asian countries over Western populations, MMD can be further divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic subtypes. The current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and potential management strategies for asymptomatic cases of MMD are largely lacking and thus warrant investigation to elucidate the pathology of this rare disorder. Here, we assess research examining the expression profile of circular RNAs (circRNAs) of neutrophil transcriptome in asymptomatic MMD patients. These findings conclude that 123 differentially expressed circRNAs significantly contributed to metabolism, angiogenesis, and immune response. The hypoxia-inducing factor-1α signaling pathway was also revealed to be crucial in angiogenesis. We also evaluate current therapeutic options demonstrating the potential for MMD patients, such as EC-IC bypass and ischemic pre- and post-conditioning. These approaches combined with recent findings on the circRNA expression profile suggest a crucial role of anti-inflammatory and angiogenic-related mechanisms underlying MMD. Investigating the role of circRNAs and neutrophils in the asymptomatic MMD subtype may provide insight into its elusive pathology and direct future approaches to combat the progression of this rare disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Corey
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yumin Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA.,Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|