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Rahman Z, Pasam T, Rishab, Dandekar MP. Binary classification model of machine learning detected altered gut integrity in controlled-cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:163-174. [PMID: 35758006 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2095271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study: To examine the effect of controlled-cortical impact (CCI), a preclinical model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), on intestinal integrity using a binary classification model of machine learning (ML).Materials and methods: Adult, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to CCI surgery using a stereotaxic impactor (Impact One™). The rotarod and hot-plate tests were performed to assess the neurological deficits.Results: Mice underwent CCI displayed a remarkable neurological deficit as noticed by decreased latency to fall and lesser paw withdrawal latency in rotarod and hot plate test, respectively. Animals were sacrificed 3 days post-injury (dpi). The colon sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to integrate with machinery tool-based algorithms. Several stained colon images were captured to build a dataset for ML model to predict the impact of CCI vs sham procedure. The best results were obtained with VGG16 features with SVM RBF kernel and VGG16 features with stacked fully connected layers on top. We achieved a test accuracy of 84% and predicted the disrupted gut permeability and epithelium wall of colon in CCI group as compared to sham-operated mice.Conclusion: We suggest that ML may become an important tool in the development of preclinical TBI model and discovery of newer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tulasi Pasam
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rishab
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, India
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2
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Sgro M, Kodila ZN, Li C, Carmichael I, Warren S, Reichelt AC, Yamakawa GR, Mychasiuk R. Microbiome depletion prior to repeat mild TBI differentially alters social deficits and prefrontal cortex plasticity in adolescent and adult rats. iScience 2024; 27:109395. [PMID: 38510122 PMCID: PMC10952042 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although aging, repeat mild traumatic brain injury (RmTBI), and microbiome modifications independently change social behavior, there has been no investigation into their cumulative effects on social behavior and neuroplasticity within the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, we examined how microbiome depletion prior to RmTBI affected social behavior and neuroplasticity in adolescent and adult rats. Play, temperament analysis, elevated plus maze, and the hot/cold plate assessed socio-emotional function. Analyses of perineuronal nets (PNNs) and parvalbumin (PV) interneurons was completed. Social-emotional deficits were more pronounced in adults, with microbiome depletion attenuating social behavior deficits associated with RmTBI in both age groups. Microbiome depletion increased branch length and PNN arborization within the PFC but decreased the overall number of PNNs. Adults and males were more vulnerable to RmTBI. Interestingly, microbiome depletion may have attenuated the changes to neuroplasticity and subsequent social deficits, suggesting that the microbiome is a viable, but age-specific, target for RmTBI therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zoe N. Kodila
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Irena Carmichael
- Monash Micro Imaging, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Samantha Warren
- Monash Micro Imaging, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Amy C. Reichelt
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Glenn R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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3
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Ritter K, Somnuke P, Hu L, Griemert EV, Schäfer MKE. Current state of neuroprotective therapy using antibiotics in human traumatic brain injury and animal models. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:10. [PMID: 38424488 PMCID: PMC10905838 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
TBI is a leading cause of death and disability in young people and older adults worldwide. There is no gold standard treatment for TBI besides surgical interventions and symptomatic relief. Post-injury infections, such as lower respiratory tract and surgical site infections or meningitis are frequent complications following TBI. Whether the use of preventive and/or symptomatic antibiotic therapy improves patient mortality and outcome is an ongoing matter of debate. In contrast, results from animal models of TBI suggest translational perspectives and support the hypothesis that antibiotics, independent of their anti-microbial activity, alleviate secondary injury and improve neurological outcomes. These beneficial effects were largely attributed to the inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. In this review, we briefly outline current treatment options, including antibiotic therapy, for patients with TBI. We then summarize the therapeutic effects of the most commonly tested antibiotics in TBI animal models, highlight studies identifying molecular targets of antibiotics, and discuss similarities and differences in their mechanistic modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ritter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Pawit Somnuke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Lingjiao Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Eva-Verena Griemert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany.
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Du Q, Li Q, Liao G, Li J, Ye P, Zhang Q, Gong X, Yang J, Li K. Emerging trends and focus of research on the relationship between traumatic brain injury and gut microbiota: a visualized study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1278438. [PMID: 38029105 PMCID: PMC10654752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most serious types of trauma and imposes a heavy social and economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The development of emerging biotechnologies is uncovering the relationship between TBI and gut flora, and gut flora as a potential intervention target is of increasing interest to researchers. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research employing bibliometric methodologies to scrutinize the interrelation between these two. Therefore, this study visualized the relationship between TBI and gut flora based on bibliometric methods to reveal research trends and hotspots in the field. The ultimate objective is to catalyze progress in the preclinical and clinical evolution of strategies for treating and managing TBI. Methods Terms related to TBI and gut microbiota were combined to search the Scopus database for relevant documents from inception to February 2023. Visual analysis was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results From September 1972 to February 2023, 2,957 documents published from 98 countries or regions were analyzed. The number of published studies on the relationship between TBI and gut flora has risen exponentially, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom being representative of countries publishing in related fields. Research has formed strong collaborations around highly productive authors, but there is a relative lack of international cooperation. Research in this area is mainly published in high-impact journals in the field of neurology. The "intestinal microbiota and its metabolites," "interventions," "mechanism of action" and "other diseases associated with traumatic brain injury" are the most promising and valuable research sites. Targeting the gut flora to elucidate the mechanisms for the development of the course of TBI and to develop precisely targeted interventions and clinical management of TBI comorbidities are of great significant research direction and of interest to researchers. Conclusion The findings suggest that close attention should be paid to the relationship between gut microbiota and TBI, especially the interaction, potential mechanisms, development of emerging interventions, and treatment of TBI comorbidities. Further investigation is needed to understand the causal relationship between gut flora and TBI and its specific mechanisms, especially the "brain-gut microbial axis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Du
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qijie Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Liao
- Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiafei Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiling Ye
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaotong Gong
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaju Yang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Munley JA, Kirkpatrick SL, Gillies GS, Bible LE, Efron PA, Nagpal R, Mohr AM. The Intestinal Microbiome after Traumatic Injury. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1990. [PMID: 37630549 PMCID: PMC10459834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome plays a critical role in host immune function and homeostasis. Patients suffering from-as well as models representing-multiple traumatic injuries, isolated organ system trauma, and various severities of traumatic injury have been studied as an area of interest in the dysregulation of immune function and systemic inflammation which occur after trauma. These studies also demonstrate changes in gut microbiome diversity and even microbial composition, with a transition to a pathobiome state. In addition, sex has been identified as a biological variable influencing alterations in the microbiome after trauma. Therapeutics such as fecal transplantation have been utilized to ameliorate not only these microbiome changes but may also play a role in recovery postinjury. This review summarizes the alterations in the gut microbiome that occur postinjury, either in isolated injury or multiple injuries, along with proposed mechanisms for these changes and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Munley
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Stacey L. Kirkpatrick
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Gwendolyn S. Gillies
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Letitia E. Bible
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Philip A. Efron
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Alicia M. Mohr
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
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6
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Terada M, Uchida M, Suga T, Isaka T. Altered gut microbiota richness in individuals with a history of lateral ankle sprain. Res Sports Med 2023; 31:719-733. [PMID: 35147057 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2036989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine differences in the intestinal microbiota diversity in individuals with and without a history of a lateral ankle sprain (LAS). Fifty male college student athletes with (n=32) and without (n=18) a LAS history participated in this study. Faecal samples were collected in the morning after awakening during an off-season, and faecal microbiota were characterized via bacteria 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Alpha-diversity metrics and ß-diversity indices were calculated to assess the gut microbiota diversity. The LAS-history group significantly had lower Chao1 (p=0.020) and abundance-based coverage estimators (p=0.035) indices compared to the control group. Gut microbiota composition was not significantly different between athletes with a LAS history and controls (R2 =0.01, p 0.414). Athletes with a history of LASs had significantly higher proportions of Bacteroides Fragilis (p=0.024) and Ruminococcus Gnavus (p=0.021) compared with controls. The gut microbiota of athletes with a LAS history had less richness compared to controls, indicating potential associations between a LAS and the gut microbiota. This study highlights the potential link of a LAS to global health. This study may help raise awareness of strategies to prevent long-term health-related negative consequences in people suffering from LASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Terada
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suga
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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7
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Cao X, Yuan R, Sun D, Ji X, Wei Y, Li L, Guo S, Li B, Chen J. Assessment of the therapeutic potential of probiotics against carbon quantum dots-induced neurotoxicity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106508. [PMID: 37001197 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have received increasing attention in recent years for their potential toxicity. However, little is known about their neurobehavioral toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which probiotics reduce CQDs neurotoxicity from a brain-gut axis perspective by exposing carp to CQDs and/or probiotics for five weeks. The results showed that CQDs accumulation in the brain reduces the expression of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) related genes in carp, leading to brain damage. In addition, CQDs impaired motor behavior and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity. These abnormalities were alleviated by probiotic supplementation. Microbiomic analysis showed that probiotics improved the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by CQDs and increased the abundance of Firmicutes. Serum metabolomic analysis showed that probiotic supplementation restored the abnormal metabolic levels associated with neurological, inflammatory, and apoptotic cell death caused by CQDs. Overall, probiotic supplementation improved the CQDs-induced changes in brain damage, gut microbiology, and systemic metabolism. These results suggests that CQDs may cause neurotoxicity via the brain-gut microbial axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xinyu Ji
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yinyin Wei
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Suqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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8
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Ramírez-Acosta S, Huertas-Abril PV, Selma-Royo M, Prieto-Álamo MJ, Collado MC, Abril N, García-Barrera T. The role of selenium in shaping mice brain metabolome and selenoproteome through the gut-brain axis by combining metabolomics, metallomics, gene expression and amplicon sequencing. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109323. [PMID: 36958417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace element crucial for human health. Recently, the impact of Se supplementation on gut microbiota has been pointed out as well as its influence on the expression of certain selenoproteins and gut metabolites. This study aims to elucidate the link between Se supplementation, brain selenoproteins and brain metabolome as well as the possible connection with the gut-brain axis. To this end, an in vivo study with 40 BALB/c mice was carried out. The study included conventional (n=20) and mice model with microbiota depleted by antibiotics (n=20) under a regular or Se supplemented diet. Brain selenoproteome was determined by a transcriptomic/gene expression profile, while brain metabolome and gut microbiota profiles were accomplished by untargeted metabolomics and amplicon sequencing, respectively. The total content of Se in brain was also determined. The selenoproteins genes Dio and Gpx isoenzymes, SelenoH, SelenoI, SelenoT, SelenoV and SelenoW and 31 metabolites were significantly altered in the brain after Se supplementation in conventional mice, while 11 selenoproteins and 26 metabolites were altered in microbiota depleted mice. The main altered brain metabolites were related to glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microbiota that have been previously related with the gut-brain axis (e.g., members of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families). Moreover, specific associations were determined between brain selenoproteome and metabolome, which correlated with the same bacteria, suggesting an intertwined mechanism. Our results demonstrated the effect of Se on brain metabolome through specific selenoproteins gene expression and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramírez-Acosta
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Paula V Huertas-Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Agustin Escardino 7. 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J Prieto-Álamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Agustin Escardino 7. 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007, Huelva, Spain.
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Sgro M, Iacono G, Yamakawa GR, Kodila ZN, Marsland BJ, Mychasiuk R. Age matters: Microbiome depletion prior to repeat mild traumatic brain injury differentially alters microbial composition and function in adolescent and adult rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278259. [PMID: 36449469 PMCID: PMC9710846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the gut microbiome has been shown to perpetuate neuroinflammation, alter intestinal permeability, and modify repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (RmTBI)-induced deficits. However, there have been no investigations regarding the comparative effects that the microbiome may have on RmTBI in adolescents and adults. Therefore, we examined the influence of microbiome depletion prior to RmTBI on microbial composition and metabolome, in adolescent and adult Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly assigned to standard or antibiotic drinking water for 14 days, and to subsequent sham or RmTBIs. The gut microbiome composition and metabolome were analysed at baseline, 1 day after the first mTBI, and at euthanasia (11 days following the third mTBI). At euthanasia, intestinal samples were also collected to quantify tight junction protein (TJP1 and occludin) expression. Adolescents were significantly more susceptible to microbiome depletion via antibiotic administration which increased pro-inflammatory composition and metabolites. Furthermore, RmTBI induced a transient increase in 'beneficial bacteria' (Lachnospiraceae and Faecalibaculum) in only adolescents that may indicate compensatory action in response to the injury. Finally, microbiome depletion prior to RmTBI generated a microbiome composition and metabolome that exemplified a potentially chronic pathogenic and inflammatory state as demonstrated by increased Clostridium innocuum and Erysipelatoclostridium and reductions in Bacteroides and Clostridium Sensu Stricto. Results highlight that adolescents are more vulnerable to RmTBI compared to adults and dysbiosis prior to injury may exacerbate secondary inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giulia Iacono
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe N. Kodila
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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10
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Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Amino Acid Profile in Rats. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091409. [PMID: 35563713 PMCID: PMC9102408 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) heavily impacts the body: it damages the brain tissue and the peripheral nervous system and shifts homeostasis in many types of tissue. An acute brain injury compromises the “brain–gut-microbiome axis”, a well-balanced network formed by the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and gut microbiome, which has a complex effect: damage to the brain alters the composition of the microbiome; the altered microbiome affects TBI severity, neuroplasticity, and metabolic pathways through various bacterial metabolites. We modeled TBI in rats. Using a bioinformatics approach, we sought to identify correlations between the gut microbiome composition, TBI severity, the rate of neurological function recovery, and blood metabolome. We found that the TBI caused changes in the abundance of 26 bacterial genera. The most dramatic change was observed in the abundance of Agathobacter species. The TBI also altered concentrations of several metabolites, specifically citrulline and tryptophan. We found no significant correlations between TBI severity and the pre-existing gut microbiota composition or blood metabolites. However, we discovered some differences between the two groups of subjects that showed high and low rates of neurological function recovery, respectively. The present study highlights the role of the brain–gut-microbiome axis in TBI.
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11
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Xu Q, Wen L, Wei G, Zhao X, Liu Y, Xiong W, Zhang T, Fan Y, Chen C, Xiang C, Chen C, Chen Y, Yin Q, Zhang TE, Yan Z. Marked Response of Rat Ileal and Colonic Microbiota After the Establishment of Alzheimer’s Disease Model With Bilateral Intraventricular Injection of Aβ (1-42). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819523. [PMID: 35222337 PMCID: PMC8874218 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. More evidence has shown that gut microbiota is closely associated with AD. Also, studies have shown that the distribution of gut microbiota vary in different sections of the intestine. In this study, a rat model of AD was established using a bilateral intraventricular injection of β-amyloid (1-42) [Aβ (1-42)], and the behavior of rats, hippocampal Aβ (1-42) deposition, and the ileal and colonic microbiota in each group were analyzed. We observed that the model rats had obvious memory and cognitive impairment, increased Aβ (1-42) deposition, indicating that the AD model was successfully established. Through 16S rRNA-sequencing analysis, we found that α diversity, β diversity, and dominant microbiota in the ileum and colon of normal rats were significantly different, showing spatial heterogeneity. Additionally, the surgery and injection of Aβ (1-42) caused various degrees of disturbances in the ileal and colonic microbiota of rats. These findings provide new insights for the study of the gut microbiota of AD rats and help advance the development of therapeutic strategies for intervening AD through the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingmiao Wen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guihua Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinglan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlan Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxiao Xiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaozhi Yin
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-e Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tian-e Zhang,
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Zhiyong Yan,
| |
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