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El Messaoudi N, Franco DSP, Gubernat S, Georgin J, Şenol ZM, Ciğeroğlu Z, Allouss D, El Hajam M. Advances and future perspectives of water defluoridation by adsorption technology: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118857. [PMID: 38569334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride contamination in water sources poses a significant challenge to human health and the environment. In recent years, adsorption technology has emerged as a promising approach for water defluoridation due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This review article comprehensively explores the advances in water defluoridation through adsorption processes. Various adsorbents, including natural and synthetic materials, have been investigated for their efficacy in removing fluoride ions from water. The mechanisms underlying adsorption interactions are elucidated, shedding light on the factors influencing defluoridation efficiency. Moreover, the review outlines the current state of technology, highlighting successful case studies and field applications. Future perspectives in the field of water defluoridation by adsorption are discussed, emphasizing the need for sustainable and scalable solutions. The integration of novel materials, process optimization, and the development of hybrid technologies are proposed as pathways to address existing challenges and enhance the overall efficacy of water defluoridation. This comprehensive assessment of the advances and future directions in adsorption-based water defluoridation provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working towards ensuring safe and accessible drinking water for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine El Messaoudi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, 80000, Morocco.
| | - Dison Stracke Pfingsten Franco
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Sylwia Gubernat
- Inżynieria Rzeszów S.A., ul. Podkarpacka 59A, 35-082, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Jordana Georgin
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Zeynep Mine Şenol
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Diet, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ciğeroğlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Usak University, Usak, 64300, Turkey
| | - Dalia Allouss
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, FSTM, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Maryam El Hajam
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, 04469, United States
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New Insights into the Identity of the DFNA58 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122274. [PMID: 36553541 PMCID: PMC9777997 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit, affecting 466 million people worldwide. The vast and diverse genes involved reflect the complexity of auditory physiology, which requires the use of animal models in order to gain a fuller understanding. Among the loci with a yet-to-be validated gene is the DFNA58, in which ~200 Kb genomic duplication, including three protein-coding genes (PLEK, CNRIP1, and PPP3R1's exon1), was found to segregate with autosomal dominant hearing loss. Through whole genome sequencing, the duplication was found to be in tandem and inserted in an intergenic region, without the disruption of the topological domains. Reanalysis of transcriptomes data studies (zebrafish and mouse), and RT-qPCR analysis of adult zebrafish target organs, in order to access their orthologues expression, highlighted promising results with Cnrip1a, corroborated by zebrafish in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. Mouse data also suggested Cnrip1 as the best candidate for a relevant role in auditory physiology, and its importance in hearing seems to have remained conserved but the cell type exerting its function might have changed, from hair cells to spiral ganglion neurons.
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da Silva Lemos I, Wessler LB, Duarte MB, da Silva GL, Bernardo HT, Candiotto G, Torres CA, Petronilho F, Rico EP, Streck EL. Exposure to leucine alters glutamate levels and leads to memory and social impairment in zebrafish. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2925-2935. [PMID: 36040712 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high levels in blood and urine of branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine and their alpha-ketoacids, by a partial or total blockade in the activity of branched-chain complex alpha-keto acids dehydrogenase. The main symptoms in MSUD occur in the central nervous system, including cognitive deficits, locomotor, poor feeding, seizures, psychomotor delay, and mental retardation, but the mechanisms of neurotoxicity and behavior alteration due to this disease are poorly understood, thus this study aimed at showing the effects of leucine exposure on glutamate levels and behavior in zebrafish. For this, we analyzed the behavior using the social preference test and novel object recognition test, moreover, we analyse the glutamate levels and uptake using scintillation and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. Our results demonstrated a decrease in glutamate levels and uptake, accompanied by memory and social impairment. In conclusion, these results suggest that alterations in glutamate levels can be associated with behavior impairment, however, more studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms for brain damage in MSUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela da Silva Lemos
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Leticia Burato Wessler
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Mariane Bernardo Duarte
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Lodetti da Silva
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Henrique Teza Bernardo
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Candiotto
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Carolina Antunes Torres
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brasil.
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de Souza AA, Ortíz BLS, Borges SF, Pinto AVP, Ramos RDS, Pena IC, Rocha Koga RDC, Batista CE, de Souza GC, Ferreira AM, Duvoisin Junior S, Tavares Carvalho JC. Acute Toxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Trattinnickia rhoifolia Willd (Sucuruba) Using the Zebrafish Model. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227741. [PMID: 36431841 PMCID: PMC9699319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Trattinnickia rhoifolia Willd, (T. rhoifolia), which belongs to the Burseraceae family, is widely used in ethnopharmacological cultural practices by traditional Amazonian people for anti-inflammatory purposes, sometimes as their only therapeutic resource. Although it is used in teas, infusions, macerations and in food, the species is still unexplored in regard to its pharmacophoric potential and chemical profile. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a phytochemical characterization of the hydroethanolic extract of T. rhoifolia leaves (HELTr) and to evaluate the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of this species using zebrafish (Danio rerio). The extract was analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The evaluation of the acute toxicity of the HELTr in adult zebrafish was determined using the limit test (2000 mg/kg), with behavioral and histopathological evaluations, in addition to the analysis of the anti-inflammatory potential of HELTr in carrageenan-induced abdominal edema, followed by the use of the computational method of molecular docking. The phytochemical profile of the species is chemically diverse, suggesting the presence of the fatty acids, ester, alcohol and benzoic acid classes, including propanoic acid, ethyl ester and hexadecanoic acid. In the studies of zebrafish performed according to the index of histopathological changes (IHC), the HELTr did not demonstrate toxicity in the behavioral and histopathological assessments, since the vital organs remained unchanged. Carrageenan-induced abdominal edema was significantly reduced at all HELTr doses (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) in relation to the negative control, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while the 200 mg/kg dose showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in relation to the positive control (indomethacin). With these activities being confirmed by molecular docking studies, they showed a good profile for the inhibition of the enzyme Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as the interactions established at the sites of the receptors used in the docking study were similar to the controls (RCX, IMN and CEL). Therefore, the HELTr has an acceptable degree of safety for acute toxicity, defined in the analysis of behavioral changes, mortality and histopathology, with a significant anti-inflammatory action in zebrafish at all doses, which demonstrates the high pharmacophoric potential of the species. These results may direct future applications and drug development but still require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agerdânio Andrade de Souza
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Pharmacy Course, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
- Indigenous Intercultural Licensing Course, Binational Campus, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia BR 156, No. 3051, Universidade, Oiapoque CEP 68980-000, Amapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Brenda Lorena Sánchez Ortíz
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Swanny Ferreira Borges
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Pharmacy Course, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Andria Vanessa Pena Pinto
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Ryan da Silva Ramos
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity-Network BIONORTE, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Igor Colares Pena
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá CEP 68902-280, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Rosemary de Carvalho Rocha Koga
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Pharmacy Course, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Carla Estefani Batista
- School of Technology, University of the State of Amazonas–UEA, Manaus CEP 69050-020, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Gisele Custódio de Souza
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Pharmacy Course, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maciel Ferreira
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Pharmacy Course, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Sergio Duvoisin Junior
- School of Technology, University of the State of Amazonas–UEA, Manaus CEP 69050-020, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Pharmacy Course, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 02, Macapá CEP 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
- University Hospital of the Federal University of Amapá, R. do Estádio Zerão, Macapá CEP 68902-336, Amapá, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Shenoy A, Banerjee M, Upadhya A, Bagwe-Parab S, Kaur G. The Brilliance of the Zebrafish Model: Perception on Behavior and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:861155. [PMID: 35769627 PMCID: PMC9234549 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.861155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become increasingly prevalent in the elderly population across the world. It’s pathophysiological markers such as overproduction along with the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are posing a serious challenge to novel drug development processes. A model which simulates the human neurodegenerative mechanism will be beneficial for rapid screening of potential drug candidates. Due to the comparable neurological network with humans, zebrafish has emerged as a promising AD model. This model has been thoroughly validated through research in aspects of neuronal pathways analogous to the human brain. The cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic pathways, which play a role in the manifested behavior of the zebrafish, are well defined. There are several behavioral models in both adult zebrafish and larvae to establish various aspects of cognitive impairment including spatial memory, associative memory, anxiety, and other such features that are manifested in AD. The zebrafish model eliminates the shortcomings of previously recognized mammalian models, in terms of expense, extensive assessment durations, and the complexity of imaging the brain to test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the various models that analyze the changes in the normal behavioral patterns of the zebrafish when exposed to AD inducing agents. The mechanistic pathway adopted by drugs and novel therapeutic strategies can be explored via these behavioral models and their efficacy to slow the progression of AD can be evaluated.
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Dondossola ER, Pacheco SD, Visentin SC, Mendes NV, Baldin SL, Bernardo HT, Scussel R, Rico EP. Prolonged fluoride exposure alters neurotransmission and oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:92-98. [PMID: 35065950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is an essential chemical found in dental preparations, pesticides and drinking water. Excessive fluoride exposure is related to toxicological and neurological disruption. Zebrafish are used in translational approaches to understand neurotoxicity in both biomedical and environmental areas. However, there is no complete knowledge about the cumulative effects of fluoride on neurotransmission systems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether prolonged exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) alters cholinergic and glutamatergic systems and oxidative stress homeostasis in the zebrafish brain. Adult zebrafish were used, divided into four experimental groups, one control group and three groups exposed to NaF at 30, 50 and 100 mg.L-1 for a period of 30 days. After NaF at 30 mg.L-1 exposure, there were significant decreases in acetylcholinesterase (29.8%) and glutamate uptake (39.3%). Furthermore, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species were decreased at NaF 50 mg.L-1 (32.7%), while the group treated with NaF at 30 mg.L-1 showed an increase in dichlorodihydrofluorescein oxidation (41.4%). NaF at 30 mg.L-1 decreased both superoxide dismutase (55.3%) and catalase activities (26.1%). The inhibitory effect observed on cholinergic and glutamatergic signalling mechanisms could contribute to the neurodegenerative events promoted by NaF in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Suzielen Damin Pacheco
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Sulingue Casagrande Visentin
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Niuany Viel Mendes
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Samira Leila Baldin
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Henrique Teza Bernardo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Rahisa Scussel
- Experimental Physiology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Vizuete AFK, Mussulini BH, Zenki KC, Baggio S, Pasqualotto A, Rosemberg DB, Bogo MR, de Oliveira DL, Rico EP. Prolonged ethanol exposure alters glutamate uptake leading to astrogliosis and neuroinflammation in adult zebrafish brain. Neurotoxicology 2021; 88:57-64. [PMID: 34728274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High ethanol (EtOH) consumption is a serious condition that induces tremors, alcoholic psychosis, and delirium, being considered a public health problem worldwide. Prolonged EtOH exposure promotes neurodegeneration, affecting several neurotransmitter systems and transduction signaling pathways. Glutamate is the major excitatory amino acid in the central nervous system (CNS) and the extracellular glutamatergic tonus is controlled by glutamate transporters mostly located in astrocytes. Here, we explore the effects of prolonged EtOH exposure on the glutamatergic uptake system and its relationship with astroglial markers (GFAP and S100B), neuroinflammation (IL-1β and TNF-α), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the CNS of adult zebrafish. Animals were exposed to 0.5% EtOH for 7, 14, and 28 days continuously. Glutamate uptake was significantly decreased after 7 and 14 days of EtOH exposure, returning to baseline levels after 28 days of exposure. No alterations were observed in crucial enzymatic activities linked to glutamate uptake, like Na,K-ATPase or glutamine synthetase. Prolonged EtOH exposure increased GFAP, S100B, and TNF-α levels after 14 days. Additionally, increased BDNF mRNA levels were observed after 14 and 28 days of EtOH exposure, while BDNF protein levels increased only after 28 days. Collectively, our data show markedly brain astroglial, neuroinflammatory and neurotrofic responses after an initial impairment of glutamate uptake following prolonged EtOH exposure. This neuroplasticity event could play a key role in the modulatory effect of EtOH on glutamate uptake after 28 days of continuous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fernanda Kuckartz Vizuete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Mussulini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kamila Cagliari Zenki
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Suelen Baggio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pasqualotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Denis Broock Rosemberg
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diogo Lösch de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme Southern Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Melatonin Pretreatment Protects Against Status epilepticus, Glutamate Transport, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Kainic Acid in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:266-275. [PMID: 34665406 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) develops from abnormal electrical discharges, resulting in neuronal damage. Current treatments include antiepileptic drugs. However, the most common drugs used to treat seizures may sometimes be ineffective and have many side effects. Melatonin is an endogenous physiological hormone that is considered an alternative treatment for neurological disorders because of its free radical scavenging property. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin pretreatment on SE by inducing glutamatergic hyperstimulation in zebrafish. Seizures were induced in zebrafish using kainic acid (KA), a glutamate analog, and the seizure intensity was recorded for 60 min. Melatonin treatment for 7 days showed a decrease in seizure intensity (28%), latency to reach score 5 (14 min), and duration of SE (29%). In addition, melatonin treatment attenuated glutamate transporter levels, which significantly decreased in the zebrafish brain after 12 h of KA-induced seizures. Melatonin treatment reduced the increase in oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species formation through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and 2',7'-dichiorofluorescin, induced by KA-seizure. An imbalance of antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase and catalase was influenced by melatonin and KA-induced seizures. Our study indicates that melatonin promotes a neuroprotective response against the epileptic profile in zebrafish. These effects could be related to the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, recovery of glutamate uptake, and oxidative stress parameters in the zebrafish brain.
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Marfà J, Pupin RR, Sotomayor M, Pividori MI. Magnetic-molecularly imprinted polymers in electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6141-6157. [PMID: 34164705 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particles, as well as molecularly imprinted polymers, have revolutionized separation and bioanalytical methodologies in the 1980s due to their wide range of applications. Today, biologically modified magnetic particles are used in many scientific and technological applications and are integrated in more than 50,000 diagnostic instruments for the detection of a huge range of analytes. However, the main drawback of this material is their stability and high cost. In this work, we review recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of hybrid molecularly imprinted polymers with magnetic properties, as a cheaper and robust alternative for the well-known biologically modified magnetic particles. The main advantages of these materials are, besides the magnetic properties, the possibility to be stored at room temperature without any loss in the activity. Among all the applications, this work reviews the direct detection of electroactive analytes based on the preconcentration by using magnetic-MIP integrated on magneto-actuated electrodes, including food safety, environmental monitoring, and clinical and pharmaceutical analysis. The main features of these electrochemical sensors, including their analytical performance, are summarized. This simple and rapid method will open the way to incorporate this material in different magneto-actuated devices with no need for extensive sample pretreatment and sophisticated instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marfà
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R R Pupin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Mpt Sotomayor
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14801-970, Brazil
| | - M I Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain. .,Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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10
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Thawkar BS, Kaur G. Zebrafish as a Promising Tool for Modeling Neurotoxin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:949-965. [PMID: 33687726 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are complex and challenging due to the higher failure rate in the drug development process. The overproduction and deposition of Aβ senile plaque and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation are well-recognized diagnostic hallmarks of AD. Numerous transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease have restrictions on cost-effectiveness and time in the preclinical setup. Zebrafish has emerged as an excellent complementary model for neurodegenerative research due to simpler organisms with robust, clearly visible behavior forms. Glutaminergic and cholinergic pathways responsible for learning and memory are present in zebrafish and actively participate in the transmission process. Therefore, it is imperative to study neurotoxic agents' mechanisms that induce dysfunction of memory, learning, and neurons in the zebrafish. This review illustrates the in-depth molecular mechanism of several neurotoxic agents such as okadaic acid, cigarette smoke extract, and metals to produce cognitive deficits or neurodegeneration similar to mammals. These updates would determine an ideal and effective neurotoxic agent for producing AD pathophysiology in the zebrafish brain for preclinical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baban S Thawkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), 400056, Mumbai, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), 400056, Mumbai, India.
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11
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Santo GD, de Veras BO, Rico E, Magro JD, Agostini JF, Vieira LD, Calisto JFF, Mocelin R, de Sá Fonseca V, Wanderley AG. Hexane extract from SpoSndias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) prevents behavioral and oxidative status changes on model of Parkinson's disease in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 241:108953. [PMID: 33310063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The search for new therapies, derived from natural compounds in order to prevent and treat Parkinson's disease (PD) has aroused the interest of many researchers. Spondias mombin (L) has active constituents with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of the hexane extract of S. mombin (EHSm) in an experimental model of DP induced by rotenone in zebrafish. The analysis of GC/MS demonstrated cyclogallipharaol (13.88%) and dl-α-tocopherol (8.08%) mostly, while HPLC-DAD indicated the presence of quercetin (<5), quercetrin (6.54 mg/g) and rutin (8.83 mg/g). The zebrafish exposed for 4 weeks to rotenone (ROT, 3 μg/L) and EHSm (5, 15, 25 mg/L). EHSm (25 mg/L) was able to reverse the behavioral damage induced by ROT in the entries and time spent in the top area of the tank. The parameters biochemicals indicated of EHSm prevented oxidative stress (TBARS e total thiols), inflammation and dopamine uptake triggered by ROT, evidenced of increased on the CAT, SOD and GSH and decreased of GST, O2- production and NADPH oxidase activities. We conclude that EHSm demonstrate a neuroprotector effect mediated through anxiolytic and antioxidant activities. However, more studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanism underlying the effects of EHSm on DP induced by rotenone in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Dal Santo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Oliveira de Veras
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rico
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Área de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jotele Fontana Agostini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Leucio Duarte Vieira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jean Felipe Fossá Calisto
- Área de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricieri Mocelin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitória de Sá Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
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12
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Chen H, Yang H, Zhao Y, Gu X, Martyniuk CJ. Development and Molecular Investigation into the Effects of Carbamazepine Exposure in the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238882. [PMID: 33260372 PMCID: PMC7731368 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Concerns regarding environmental exposures and the impacts of pharmaceuticals on non-target aquatic organisms continue to increase. The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is often detected as an aquatic contaminant and can disrupt various behaviors of fishes. However, there are few reports which investigate the mechanism of CBZ action in fish. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of CBZ on embryonic development (i.e., hatching rate, heart rate, and body length) and early spontaneous movement. Moreover, we sought to investigate potential mechanisms by focusing on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system in zebrafish 6 days after of exposure. The results show that CBZ exposure did not cause significant effects on embryo development (hatching rate, heart rate, nor body length) at the test concentrations. However, the early spontaneous movement of embryos was inhibited following 10 μg/L CBZ exposure at 28-29 h post-fertilization (hpf). In addition, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and GABA concentrations were increased with exposure, whereas glutamate (Glu) concentrations were decreased in larval zebrafish. Gene expression analysis revealed that GABA and glutamate metabolic pathways in zebrafish larvae were altered following exposure to CBZ. GABA transaminase (abat) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad1b) decreased to 100 µg/L, and glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 1b (grin1b) as well as the glutamate receptor, ionotropic, α-amino-3hydroxy-5methylisoxazole-4propionic 2b (gria2b) were down-regulated with exposure to 1 µg/L CBZ. Our study suggests that CBZ, which can act as an agonist of the GABAA receptor in humans, can also induce alterations in the GABAergic system in fish. Overall, this study improves understanding of the neurotoxicity and behavioral toxicity of zebrafish exposed to CBZ and generates data to be used to understand mechanisms of action that may underlie antiepileptic drug exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Huiting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (H.C.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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13
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Wang J, Jia B, Li Y, Ren B, Liang H, Yan D, Xie H, Zhang X, Liang H. Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the enantioselective toxicity of the chiral insecticide indoxacarb toward zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:122724. [PMID: 32387829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mass production and usage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have led to the inevitable release into the environment, and the effects of CNTs on the toxicity of co-existing pollutants have been well documented. However, knowledge of the effects of CNTs on the enantioselective toxicity of chiral compounds is limited. Using zebrafish as an experimental model, the enantioselective expression of the apoptosis, CYP3C and EAAT-related genes were analyzed following exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (0.05 and 0.5 mg/L), rac-/R-/S-indoxacarb (0.01 mg/L), or the combination of rac-/R-/S-indoxacarb mixed with MWCNTs for 28d. Sex-specific differences were observed in both the liver and brain of zebrafish. The expression of apoptosis and CYP3C-related genes was 16.55-44.29 times higher in the livers of males treated with R-indoxacarb than in S-indoxacarb treated groups. The EAAT-related genes were expressed at 1.38-2.56 times higher levels in the brain of females treated with R-indoxacarb than in S-indoxacarb-treated groups. In the presence of MWCNTs, the expression of caspase-3, cyp3c3, cyp3c4, eaat1a, eaat1b and eaat2 in the livers of males and brains of females treated with S-indoxacarb were 1.65-15.33 times higher than in fish treated with R-indoxacarb. Based on these results, MWCNTs affected the enantioselective toxicity of indoxacarb toward zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Dongyan Yan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Haiyan Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Institute for Drug Control, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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14
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de Abreu MS, Genario R, Giacomini AC, Demin KA, Lakstygal AM, Amstislavskaya TG, Fontana BD, Parker MO, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish as a Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neuroscience 2020; 445:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Zhang RW, Du WJ, Prober DA, Du JL. Müller Glial Cells Participate in Retinal Waves via Glutamate Transporters and AMPA Receptors. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2871-2880.e2. [PMID: 31167134 PMCID: PMC6659749 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal waves, the spontaneous patterned neural activities propagating among developing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), instruct the activity-dependent refinement of visuotopic maps. Although it is known that the wave is initiated successively by amacrine cells and bipolar cells, the behavior and function of glia in retinal waves remain unclear. Using multiple in vivo methods in larval zebrafish, we found that Müller glial cells (MGCs) display wave-like spontaneous activities, which start at MGC processes within the inner plexiform layer, vertically spread to their somata and endfeet, and horizontally propagate into neighboring MGCs. MGC waves depend on glutamatergic signaling derived from bipolar cells. Moreover, MGCs express both glia-specific glutamate transporters and the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors. The AMPA receptors mediate MGC calcium activities during retinal waves, whereas the glutamate transporters modulate the occurrence of retinal waves. Thus, MGCs can sense and regulate retinal waves via AMPA receptors and glutamate transporters, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Wen-Jie Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - David A Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jiu-Lin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Franscescon F, Müller TE, Bertoncello KT, Rosemberg DB. Neuroprotective role of taurine on MK-801-induced memory impairment and hyperlocomotion in zebrafish. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Ceftriaxone Attenuated Anxiety-Like Behavior and Enhanced Brain Glutamate Transport in Zebrafish Subjected to Alcohol Withdrawal. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1526-1535. [PMID: 32185643 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and/or excessive consumption of alcohol followed by reduced consumption or abstention can result in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. A number of behavioral changes and neurological damage result from ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal. Ceftriaxone (Cef) modulates the activity of excitatory amino acid transporters by increasing their gene expression. Zebrafish are commonly used to study alcohol exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Cef (100 µM) on behavior patterns, glutamate transport activity, and oxidative stress in zebrafish brains subjected to EtOH (0.3% v/v) withdrawal. The exploratory tests using Novel tank showed that EtOH withdrawal promoted a decrease in the time spent and number of entries of in the bottom displaying an anxiety-like behavior. In contrast, treatment with Cef resulted in recovery of exploratory behavioral patterns. Ceftriaxone treatment resulted in increased glutamate uptake in zebrafish subjected to EtOH withdrawal. Furthermore, EtOH withdrawal increased reactive species, as determined using thiobarbituric acid and dichlorodihydrofluorescein assays. Treatment with Cef reversed these effects. Ceftriaxone promoted a significant reduction in brain sulfhydryl content in zebrafish subjected to EtOH withdrawal. Therefore, Cef treatment in conjunction with EtOH withdrawal induced anxiolytic-like effects due to possible neuromodulation of glutamatergic transporters, potentially through mitigation of oxidative stress.
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18
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Baggio S, Zenki K, Martins Silva A, Dos Santos TG, Rech G, Lazzarotto G, Dias RD, Mussulini BH, Rico EP, de Oliveira DL. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders model alters the functionality of glutamatergic neurotransmission in adult zebrafish. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:152-160. [PMID: 32173352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe a wide range of ethanol-induced developmental disabilities, including craniofacial dysmorphology, and neurochemical and behavioral impairments. Zebrafish has become a popular animal model to evaluate the long-lasting effects of, both, severe and milder forms of FASD, including alterations to neurotransmission. Glutamate is one of the most affected neurotransmitter systems in ethanol-induced developmental disabilities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the functionality of the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system in an adult zebrafish FASD model. Zebrafish larvae (24 h post-fertilization) were exposed to ethanol (0.1 %, 0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 1%) for 2 h. After 4 months, the animals were euthanized and their brains were removed. The following variables were measured: glutamate uptake, glutamate binding, glutamine synthetase activity, Na+/K + ATPase activity, and high-resolution respirometry. Embryonic ethanol exposure reduced Na+-dependent glutamate uptake in the zebrafish brain. This reduction was positively modulated by ceftriaxone treatment, a beta-lactam antibiotic that promotes the expression of the glutamate transporter EAAT2. Moreover, the 0.5 % and 1% ethanol groups demonstrated reduced glutamate binding to brain membranes and decreased Na+/K + ATPase activity in adulthood. In addition, ethanol reduced glutamine synthetase activity in the 1% EtOH group. Embryonic ethanol exposure did not alter the immunocontent of the glutamate vesicular transporter VGLUT2 and the mitochondrial energetic metabolism of the brain in adulthood. Our results suggest that embryonic ethanol exposure may cause significant alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the adult zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Baggio
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Kamila Zenki
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alberto Martins Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thainá Garbino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rech
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lazzarotto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Dutra Dias
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Mussulini
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, Warsaw 02-097, Poland; ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Losch de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry, Programa De Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento De Bioquímica, Instituto De Ciências Básicas Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Langova V, Vales K, Horka P, Horacek J. The Role of Zebrafish and Laboratory Rodents in Schizophrenia Research. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:703. [PMID: 33101067 PMCID: PMC7500259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms, which are still not fully understood. The development of efficient antipsychotics requires animal models of a strong validity, therefore the aims of the article were to summarize the construct, face and predictive validity of schizophrenia models based on rodents and zebrafish, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and to propose future directions in schizophrenia modeling and indicate when it is reasonable to combine these models. The advantages of rodent models stem primarily from the high homology between rodent and human physiology, neurochemistry, brain morphology and circuitry. The advantages of zebrafish models stem in the high fecundity, fast development and transparency of the embryo. Disadvantages of both models originate in behavioral repertoires not allowing specific symptoms to be modeled, even when the models are combined. Especially modeling the verbal component of certain positive, negative and cognitive symptoms is currently impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Langova
- Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vales
- Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Horka
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Horacek
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
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20
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Alexandre MCM, Mendes NV, Torres CA, Baldin SL, Bernardo HT, Scussel R, Baggio S, Mussulini BHM, Zenki KC, da Rosa MI, Rico EP. Weekly ethanol exposure alters dopaminergic parameters in zebrafish brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 75:106822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Mussulini BHM, Vizuete AFK, Braga M, Moro L, Baggio S, Santos E, Lazzarotto G, Zenki KC, Pettenuzzo L, Rocha JBTD, de Oliveira DL, Calcagnotto ME, Zuanazzi JAS, Burgos JS, Rico EP. Forebrain glutamate uptake and behavioral parameters are altered in adult zebrafish after the induction of Status Epilepticus by kainic acid. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:305-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Theisen U, Hennig C, Ring T, Schnabel R, Köster RW. Neurotransmitter-mediated activity spatially controls neuronal migration in the zebrafish cerebellum. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002226. [PMID: 29300740 PMCID: PMC5754045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration during embryonic development contributes to functional brain circuitry. Many neurons migrate in morphologically distinct stages that coincide with differentiation, requiring tight spatial regulation. It had been proposed that neurotransmitter-mediated activity could exert this control. Here, we demonstrate that intracellular calcium transients occur in cerebellar neurons of zebrafish embryos during migration. We show that depolarization increases and hyperpolarization reduces the speed of tegmental hindbrain neurons using optogenetic tools and advanced track analysis optimized for in vivo migration. Finally, we introduce a compound screening assay to identify acetylcholine (ACh), glutamate, and glycine as regulators of migration, which act regionally along the neurons’ route. We summarize our findings in a model describing how different neurotransmitters spatially interact to control neuronal migration. The high evolutionary conservation of the cerebellum and hindbrain makes it likely that polarization state-driven motility constitutes an important principle in building a functional brain. Postmitotic neurons migrate from their site of origin to their final destination in the developing brain to form functional structures. These neurons typically follow defined routes through the tissue. Previous studies investigating progress along such route have identified neurotransmitters—chemicals that transmit the signals between neurons—as important regulators in neuronal migration using mostly rodent brain slice cultures and cultivated neurons. In this study, we use live zebrafish embryos to test the influence of neurotransmitters on migrating hindbrain neurons. First, we demonstrate that calcium transients can be measured in these neurons using genetically encoded reporters. Next, we use optogenetic channels to specifically de- or hyperpolarize the plasma membrane of the neurons to show that the polarization state is linked to migratory speed. Finally, we use a screening method to identify the neurotransmitter systems involved in migration progress control. We summarize these findings in a model that suggests that there are regions of influence for different neurotransmitters that act successively on the neurons to ensure their timely arrival at their destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Theisen
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Hennig
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Genetics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Ring
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Engineering Design, Vibroacoustics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf Schnabel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Genetics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard W. Köster
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Baggio S, Mussulini BH, de Oliveira DL, Zenki KC, Santos da Silva E, Rico EP. Embryonic alcohol exposure promotes long-term effects on cerebral glutamate transport of adult zebrafish. Neurosci Lett 2016; 636:265-269. [PMID: 27838452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is a widely consumed substance throughout the world. During development it can substantially damage the human fetus, whereas the developing brain is particularly vulnerable. The brain damage induced by prenatal alcohol exposure may lead to a variety of long-lasting behavioral and neurochemical problems. However, there are no data concerning the effects of developmental ethanol exposure on the glutamatergic system, where extracellular glutamate acts as signaling molecule. Here we investigated the effect of ethanol exposure for 2h (concentrations of 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%) in embryos at 24h post-fertilization (hpf) by measuring the functionality of glutamate transporters in the brain of adult (4 months) zebrafish. However, ethanol 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.50% decreased transport of glutamate to 81.96%, 60.65% and 45.91% respectively, when compared with the control group. Interestingly, 1.00% was able to inhibit the transport activity to 68.85%. In response to the embryonic alcohol exposure, we found impairment in the function of cerebral glutamate transport in adult fish, contributing to long-term alteration in the homeostasis glutamatergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Baggio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Mussulini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Losch de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kamila Cagliari Zenki
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emerson Santos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Horzmann KA, Freeman JL. Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets and Alterations in Chemical Toxicity. TOXICS 2016; 4:19. [PMID: 28730152 PMCID: PMC5515482 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is the basis of neuronal communication and is critical for normal brain development, behavior, learning, and memory. Exposure to drugs and chemicals can alter neurotransmission, often through unknown pathways and mechanisms. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system is increasingly being used to study the brain and chemical neurotoxicity. In this review, the major neurotransmitter systems, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, and glutamate are surveyed and pathways of synthesis, transport, metabolism, and action are examined. Differences between human and zebrafish neurochemical pathways are highlighted. We also review techniques for evaluating neurological function, including the measurement of neurotransmitter levels, assessment of gene expression through transcriptomic analysis, and the recording of neurobehavior. Finally examples of chemical toxicity studies evaluating alterations in neurotransmitter systems in the zebrafish model are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
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25
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Stewart AM, Ullmann JF, Norton WH, Brennan CH, Parker MO, Gerlai R, Kalueff AV. Molecular psychiatry of zebrafish. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:2-17. [PMID: 25349164 PMCID: PMC4318706 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to their well-characterized neural development and high genetic homology to mammals, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful model organism in the field of biological psychiatry. Here, we discuss the molecular psychiatry of zebrafish, and its implications for translational neuroscience research and modeling central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In particular, we outline recent genetic and technological developments allowing for in vivo examinations, high-throughput screening and whole-brain analyses in larval and adult zebrafish. We also summarize the application of these molecular techniques to the understanding of neuropsychiatric disease, outlining the potential of zebrafish for modeling complex brain disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), aggression, post-traumatic stress and substance abuse. Critically evaluating the advantages and limitations of larval and adult fish tests, we suggest that zebrafish models become a rapidly emerging new field in modern molecular psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Michael Stewart
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Jeremy F.P. Ullmann
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - William H.J. Norton
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Caroline H. Brennan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1-4NS, UK
| | - Matthew O. Parker
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1-4NS, UK
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N Mississauga, Ontario L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Allan V. Kalueff
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
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26
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Menezes FP, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Da Silva RS. Evaluation of age-dependent response to NMDA receptor antagonism in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2015; 12:137-43. [PMID: 25602300 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in glutamatergic signaling have been proposed as the cause of several neurological disturbances. The use of MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, to mimic features of these neurological disorders is effective both in mammals and in fish. However, the variability of the subunits comprising the NMDA receptor during development alters the pharmacokinetic properties of the receptor and leads to different responses to this drug. Here, we evaluated the locomotor response of zebrafish to MK-801 (1, 5, and 20 μM) through the development (30 days postfertilization [dpf] to 2 years postfertilization [ypf]). The NMDA receptor subunit gene expression was also analyzed through the development (7 dpf to 2 ypf). Zebrafish displayed an age-related response to MK-801 with a higher response at 60 and 120 dpf. The magnitude of hyperlocomotion promoted by MK-801 seems to be less powerful for zebrafish in relation to rodents. The verification of expression levels in zebrafish NMDA receptor subunits shows that NR1.1 had a slight reduction throughout the development, while the NR2 subunits, especially NR2A.2 and NR2C.1, vary their expression levels according to the stage of development. The time-specific locomotor response to MK-801 through the development could be a consequence of differential NMDA receptor subunit expression. This result of developmental response to MK-801 is a crucial component in the consolidation of zebrafish as a suitable model to study glutamatergic neurotransmission in early phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Peres Menezes
- 1 Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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27
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Methionine Exposure Alters Glutamate Uptake and Adenine Nucleotide Hydrolysis in the Zebrafish Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:200-209. [PMID: 25421208 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypermethioninemic patients may exhibit different neurological dysfunctions, and the mechanisms underlying these pathologies remain obscure. Glutamate and ATP are important excitatory neurotransmitters co-released at synaptic clefts, and whose activities are intrinsically related. Adenosine-the final product of ATP breakdown-is also an important neuromodulator. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term (7-day) exposure to 1.5 or 3 mM methionine (Met) on glutamate uptake in brain tissues (telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum) and on ATP, ADP, and AMP catabolism by ecto-nucleotidases found in brain membrane samples, using a zebrafish model. Also, we evaluated the expression of ecto-nucleotidase (ntdp1, ntdp2mg, ntdp2mq, ntdp2mv, ntdp3, and nt5e) and adenosine receptor (adora1, adora2aa, adora2ab, adora2b) genes in the brain of zebrafish exposed to Met. In animals exposed to 3.0 mM Met, glutamate uptake in the telencephalon decreased significantly. Also, ATP and ADP (but not AMP) catabolism decreased significantly at both Met concentrations tested. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of ntpd genes and of the adenosine receptors adora1 and adora2aa increased significantly after Met exposure. In contrast, adora2ab mRNA levels decreased after Met exposure. Our data suggest that glutamate and ATP accumulate at synaptic clefts after Met exposure, with potential detrimental effects to the nervous system. This phenomenon might explain, at least in part, the increased susceptibility of hypermethioninemic patients to neurological symptoms.
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28
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Rubio MD, Drummond JB, Meador-Woodruff JH. Glutamate receptor abnormalities in schizophrenia: implications for innovative treatments. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 20:1-18. [PMID: 24116269 PMCID: PMC3792192 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric illness that afflicts 1% of the population worldwide, resulting in substantial impact to patients, their families, and health care delivery systems. For many years, schizophrenia has been felt to be associated with dysregulated dopaminergic neurotransmission as a key feature of the pathophysiology of the illness. Although numerous studies point to dopaminergic abnormalities in schizophrenia, dopamine dysfunction cannot completely account for all of the symptoms seen in schizophrenia, and dopamine-based treatments are often inadequate and can be associated with serious side effects. More recently, converging lines of evidence have suggested that there are abnormalities of glutamate transmission in schizophrenia. Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves numerous molecules that facilitate glutamate release, receptor activation, glutamate reuptake, and other synaptic activities. Evidence for glutamatergic abnormalities in schizophrenia primarily has implicated the NMDA and AMPA subtypes of the glutamate receptor. The expression of these receptors and other molecules associated with glutamate neurotransmission has been systematically studied in the brain in schizophrenia. These studies have generally revealed region- and molecule-specific changes in glutamate receptor transcript and protein expression in this illness. Given that glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, recent drug development efforts have targeted the glutamate system. Much effort to date has focused on modulation of the NMDA receptor, although more recently other glutamate receptors and transporters have been the targets of drug development. These efforts have been promising thus far, and ongoing efforts to develop additional drugs that modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission are underway that may hold the potential for novel classes of more effective treatments for this serious psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Rubio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0021, USA
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29
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Zenki KC, Mussulini BHM, Rico EP, de Oliveira DL, Rosemberg DB. Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde in zebrafish brain structures: an in vitro approach on glutamate uptake and on toxicity-related parameters. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:822-8. [PMID: 24681127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) and its metabolite, acetaldehyde (ALD), induce deleterious effects on central nervous system (CNS). Here we investigate the in vitro toxicity of EtOH and ALD (concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) in zebrafish brain structures [telencephalon (TE), opticum tectum (OT), and cerebellum (CE)] by measuring the functionality of glutamate transporters, MTT reduction, and extracellular LDH activity. Both molecules decreased the activity of the Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters in all brain structures. The strongest glutamate uptake inhibition after EtOH exposure was 58% (TE-1%), and after ALD, 91% (CE-1%). The results of MTT assay and LDH released demonstrated that the actions of EtOH and its metabolite are concentration and structure-dependent, in which ALD was more toxic than EtOH. In summary, our findings demonstrate a differential toxicity in vitro of EtOH and ALD in zebrafish brain structures, which can involve changes on glutamatergic parameters. We suggest that this species may be an interesting model for assessing the toxicological actions of alcohol and its metabolite in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Cagliari Zenki
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ben Hur Marins Mussulini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN) 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Lösch de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), USA
| | - Denis Broock Rosemberg
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN) 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), USA; Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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30
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Mussulini BHM, Leite CE, Zenki KC, Moro L, Baggio S, Rico EP, Rosemberg DB, Dias RD, Souza TM, Calcagnotto ME, Campos MM, Battastini AM, de Oliveira DL. Seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in the adult zebrafish: a detailed behavioral characterization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54515. [PMID: 23349914 PMCID: PMC3549980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a common convulsant agent used in animal models to investigate the mechanisms of seizures. Although adult zebrafish have been recently used to study epileptic seizures, a thorough characterization of the PTZ-induced seizures in this animal model is missing. The goal of this study was to perform a detailed temporal behavior profile characterization of PTZ-induced seizure in adult zebrafish. The behavioral profile during 20 min of PTZ immersion (5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mM) was characterized by stages defined as scores: (0) short swim, (1) increased swimming activity and high frequency of opercular movement, (2) erratic movements, (3) circular movements, (4) clonic seizure-like behavior, (5) fall to the bottom of the tank and tonic seizure-like behavior, (6) death. Animals exposed to distinct PTZ concentrations presented different seizure profiles, intensities and latencies to reach all scores. Only animals immersed into 15 mM PTZ showed an increased time to return to the normal behavior (score 0), after exposure. Total mortality rate at 10 and 15 mM were 33% and 50%, respectively. Considering all behavioral parameters, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mM PTZ, induced seizures with low, intermediate, and high severity, respectively. Pretreatment with diazepam (DZP) significantly attenuated seizure severity. Finally, the brain PTZ levels in adult zebrafish immersed into the chemoconvulsant solution at 5 and 10 mM were comparable to those described for the rodent model, with a peak after a 20-min of exposure. The PTZ brain levels observed after 2.5-min PTZ exposure and after 60-min removal from exposure were similar. Altogether, our results showed a detailed temporal behavioral characterization of a PTZ epileptic seizure model in adult zebrafish. These behavioral analyses and the simple method for PTZ quantification could be considered as important tools for future investigations and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hur M. Mussulini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BHMM) (BM); (DLdO) (Dd)
| | - Carlos E. Leite
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kamila C. Zenki
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Moro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suelen Baggio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo P. Rico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denis B. Rosemberg
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato D. Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tadeu M. Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria E. Calcagnotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria M. Campos
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diogo L. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BHMM) (BM); (DLdO) (Dd)
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l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation. Biochem J 2011; 439:277-86. [PMID: 21728998 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
l(2)01810 causes glutamine-dependent megamitochondrial formation when it is overexpressed in Drosophila cells. In the present study, we elucidated the function of l(2)01810 during megamitochondrial formation. The overexpression of l(2)01810 and the inhibition of glutamine synthesis showed that l(2)01810 is involved in the accumulation of glutamate. l(2)01810 was predicted to contain transmembrane domains and was found to be localized to the plasma membrane. By using (14)C-labelled glutamate, l(2)01810 was confirmed to uptake glutamate into Drosophila cells with high affinity (K(m)=69.4 μM). Also, l(2)01810 uptakes glutamate in a Na(+)-independent manner. Interestingly, however, this uptake was not inhibited by cystine, which is a competitive inhibitor of Na(+)-independent glutamate transporters, but by aspartate. A signal peptide consisting of 34 amino acid residues targeting to endoplasmic reticulum was predicted at the N-terminus of l(2)01810 and this signal peptide is essential for the protein's localization to the plasma membrane. In addition, l(2)01810 has a conserved functional domain of a vesicular-type glutamate transporter, and Arg(146) in this domain was found to play a key role in glutamate transport and megamitochondrial formation. These results indicate that l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter and that glutamate uptake is a rate-limiting step for megamitochondrial formation.
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McKeown KA, Moreno R, Hall VL, Ribera AB, Downes GB. Disruption of Eaat2b, a glutamate transporter, results in abnormal motor behaviors in developing zebrafish. Dev Biol 2011; 362:162-71. [PMID: 22094018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of zebrafish mutants that have defects in motor behavior can allow entrée into the hindbrain and spinal cord networks that control locomotion. Here, we report that zebrafish techno trousers (tnt) locomotor mutants harbor a mutation in slc1a2b, which encodes Eaat2b, a plasma membrane glutamate transporter. We used tnt mutants to explore the effects of impaired glutamate transporter activity on locomotor network function. Wild-type larvae perform robust swimming behavior in response to touch stimuli at two and four days after fertilization. In contrast, tnt mutant larvae demonstrate aberrant, exaggerated body bends beginning two days after fertilization and they are almost paralyzed four days after fertilization. We show that slc1a2b is expressed in glial cells in a dynamic fashion across development, which may explain the abnormal sequence of motor behaviors demonstrated by tnt mutants. We also show that tnt larvae demonstrate enhanced excitation of neurons, consistent with the predicted effects of excessive glutamate. These findings illustrate the dynamic regulation and importance of glutamate transporters during development. Since glutamate toxicity caused by EAAT2 dysfunction is thought to promote several different neurological disorders in humans, including epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases, tnt mutants hold promise as a new tool to better understand these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Anne McKeown
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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The discovery of slowness: low-capacity transport and slow anion channel gating by the glutamate transporter EAAT5. Biophys J 2011; 100:2623-32. [PMID: 21641307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) control the glutamate concentration in the synaptic cleft by glial and neuronal glutamate uptake. Uphill glutamate transport is achieved by the co-/countertransport of Na(+) and other ions down their concentration gradients. Glutamate transporters also display an anion conductance that is activated by the binding of Na(+) and glutamate but is not thermodynamically coupled to the transport process. Of the five known glutamate transporter subtypes, the retina-specific subtype EAAT5 has the largest conductance relative to glutamate uptake activity. Our results suggest that EAAT5 behaves as a slow-gated anion channel with little glutamate transport activity. At steady state, EAAT5 was activated by glutamate, with a K(m)= 61 ± 11 μM. Binding of Na(+) to the empty transporter is associated with a K(m) = 229 ± 37 mM, and binding to the glutamate-bound form is associated with a K(m) = 76 ± 40 mM. Using laser-pulse photolysis of caged glutamate, we determined the pre-steady-state kinetics of the glutamate-induced anion current of EAAT5. This was characterized by two exponential components with time constants of 30 ± 1 ms and 200 ± 15 ms, which is an order of magnitude slower than those observed in other glutamate transporters. A voltage-jump analysis of the anion currents indicates that the slow activation behavior is caused by two slow, rate-limiting steps in the transport cycle, Na(+) binding to the empty transporter, and translocation of the fully loaded transporter. We propose a kinetic transport scheme that includes these two slow steps and can account for the experimentally observed data. Overall, our results suggest that EAAT5 may not act as a classical high-capacity glutamate transporter in the retina; rather, it may function as a slow-gated glutamate receptor and/or glutamate buffering system.
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Rico EP, Rosemberg DB, Seibt KJ, Capiotti KM, Da Silva RS, Bonan CD. Zebrafish neurotransmitter systems as potential pharmacological and toxicological targets. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 33:608-17. [PMID: 21907791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in neurobiology have emphasized the study of brain structure and function and its association with numerous pathological and toxicological events. Neurotransmitters are substances that relay, amplify, and modulate electrical signals between neurons and other cells. Neurotransmitter signaling mediates rapid intercellular communication by interacting with cell surface receptors, activating second messenger systems and regulating the activity of ion channels. Changes in the functional balance of neurotransmitters have been implicated in the failure of central nervous system function. In addition, abnormalities in neurotransmitter production or functioning can be induced by several toxicological compounds, many of which are found in the environment. The zebrafish has been increasingly used as an animal model for biomedical research, primarily due to its genetic tractability and ease of maintenance. These features make this species a versatile tool for pre-clinical drug discovery and toxicological investigations. Here, we present a review regarding the role of different excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in zebrafish, such as dopaminergic, serotoninergic, cholinergic, purinergic, histaminergic, nitrergic, glutamatergic, glycinergic, and GABAergic systems, and emphasizing their features as pharmacological and toxicological targets. The increase in the global knowledge of neurotransmitter systems in zebrafish and the elucidation of their pharmacological and toxicological aspects may lead to new strategies and appropriate research priorities to offer insights for biomedical and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Rico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Featherstone DE. Glial solute carrier transporters in Drosophila and mice. Glia 2010; 59:1351-63. [PMID: 21732427 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glia regulate brain physiology primarily by regulating the movement and concentration of substances in the extracellular fluid. Therefore, one approach to understanding the role of glia in brain physiology is to study what happens when glial transporters are removed or modified. The largest and most highly conserved class of transporter is solute carrier (SLC) proteins. SLC proteins are highly expressed in brain, and many are found in glia. The function of many SLC proteins in the brain--particularly in glia--is very poorly understood. SLC proteins can be relatively easily knocked out or modified in genetic model organisms to better understand glial function. Drosophila are popular genetic model organisms that offer a nice balance between genetic malleability and brain complexity. They are ideal for such an endeavor. This article lists and discusses SLC transporter family members that are expressed in both mouse and Drosophila glia, in an effort to provide a foundation for studies of glial SLC transporters using Drosophila as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Featherstone
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Neuhauss SCF, Rico EP, Gesemann M. Nomenclature of glutamate transporters in zebrafish and other vertebrates. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:297. [PMID: 20884339 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rosemberg DB, da Rocha RF, Rico EP, Zanotto-Filho A, Dias RD, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Moreira JCF, Klamt F, Souza DO. Taurine prevents enhancement of acetylcholinesterase activity induced by acute ethanol exposure and decreases the level of markers of oxidative stress in zebrafish brain. Neuroscience 2010; 171:683-92. [PMID: 20884336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) is a drug widely consumed throughout the world that promotes several neurochemical disorders. Its deleterious effects are generally associated with modifications in oxidative stress parameters, signaling transduction pathways, and neurotransmitter systems, leading to distinct behavioral changes. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a β-amino acid not incorporated into proteins found in mM range in the central nervous system (CNS). The actions of taurine as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and antioxidant make it attractive for studying a potential protective role against EtOH-mediated neurotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether acute taurine cotreatment or pretreatment (1 h) prevent EtOH-induced changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and in oxidative stress parameters in zebrafish brain. The results showed that EtOH exposure (1% in volume) during 1 h increased AChE activity, whereas the cotreatment with 400 mg·L(-1) taurine prevented this enhancement. A similar protective effect of 150 and 400 mg·L(-1) taurine was also observed when the animals were pretreated with this amino acid. Taurine treatments also prevented the alterations promoted in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by EtOH, suggesting a modulatory role in enzymatic antioxidant defenses. The pretreatment with 150 and 400 mg·L(-1) taurine significantly increased the sulfydryl levels as compared to control and EtOH groups. Moreover, 150 and 400 mg·L(-1) taurine significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels, but the cotreatment with EtOH plus 400 mg·L(-1) taurine did not prevent the EtOH-induced lipoperoxidation. In contrast, the pretreatment with 150 and 400 mg·L(-1) taurine prevented the TBARS increase besides decreased the basal levels of lipid peroxides. Altogether, our data showed for the first time that EtOH induced oxidative stress in adult zebrafish brain and reinforce the idea that this vertebrate is an attractive alternative model to evaluate the beneficial effect of taurine against acute EtOH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Rosemberg
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Gesemann M, Maurer CM, Neuhauss SCF. Excitatory amino acid transporters in the zebrafish: Letter to "Expression and functional analysis of Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters from zebrafish brain" from Rico et al. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:202-6. [PMID: 20466040 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) represent a group of high affinity glutamate transporters that are involved in the regulation of extracellular glutamate levels at glutamatergic synapses. EAAT proteins have been found on neurons as well as on glia cells where they act synergistically to remove the released glutamate. In issue 81 of the Brain Research Bulletin, Rico et al. reported the identification and functional analysis of zebrafish eaat's. While this publication described several previously unpublished zebrafish eaat's, we simultaneously published a study analyzing the phylogeny of the slc1/eaat subfamily of glutamate transporters across vertebrate species. Our study revealed several additional EAAT family members as well as differences in the phylogenetic grouping of EAATs. We identified two additional eaat subfamilies, now called eaat6 and eaat7. In the present report, we now provide evidence that the eaat1c gene described by Rico et al. may rather be an eaat4 homolog. Phylogenetic analyses as well as exon alignments demonstrate that eaat1c shares characteristics with mammalian eaat4. In addition, comparison of expression of eaat1/eaat4 family members localized eaat1a and eaat1b predominantly to glia cells whereas eaat1c transcripts described by Rico et al. are as postulated for eaat4 transcripts enriched in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gesemann
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Switzerland.
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