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Choi EH, Kim MH, Park SJ. Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Reactive Oxygen Species for Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7952. [PMID: 39063194 PMCID: PMC11277296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and they affect millions of people worldwide, particularly older individuals. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop novel drug targets for the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation play central roles in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are key regulators of respiratory function, cellular energy adenosine triphosphate production, and the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, which are essential for cell survival. Mitochondrial morphology and function are tightly regulated by maintaining a balance among mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy. In this review, we provide an overview of the main functions of mitochondria, with a focus on recent progress highlighting the critical role of ROS-induced oxidative stress, dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondria-associated inflammation, and impaired mitochondrial function in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD. We also discuss the potential of mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis enhancers, mitochondrial fission inhibitors, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as novel drugs for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sun-Ji Park
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.C.); (M.-H.K.)
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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Wang L, Wei Y, Sun Z, Tai W, Li H, Yin Y, Jiang LH, Wang JZ. Effectiveness and mechanisms of combined use of antioxidant nutrients in protecting against oxidative stress-induced neuronal loss and related neurological deficits. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14886. [PMID: 39072940 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a well-known pathological factor driving neuronal loss and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Melatonin, coenzyme Q10 and lecithin are three common nutrients with an antioxidative capacity. Here, we examined the effectiveness of them administrated individually and in combination in protecting against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death in vitro, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and associated deficits in vivo. METHODS Mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a (N2a) cells were exposed with H2O2 for 6 h, and subsequently treated with melatonin, coenzyme Q10, and lecithin alone or in combination for further 24 h. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. Eight-week-old male mice were intraperitoneally injected with D-(+)-galactose for 10 weeks and administrated with melatonin, coenzyme Q10, lecithin, or in combination for 5 weeks starting from the sixth week, followed by behavioral tests to assess the effectiveness in mitigating neurological deficits, and biochemical assays to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Exposure to H2O2 significantly reduced the viability of N2a cells and increased oxidative stress and tau phosphorylation, all of which were alleviated by treatment with melatonin, coenzyme Q10, lecithin alone, and, most noticeably, by combined treatment. Administration of mice with D-(+)-galactose-induced oxidative stress and tau phosphorylation, brain aging, impairments in learning and memory, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and such detrimental effects were mitigated by melatonin, coenzyme Q10, lecithin alone, and, most consistently, by combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that targeting oxidative stress via supplementation of antioxidant nutrients, particularly in combination, is a better strategy to alleviate oxidative stress-mediated neuronal loss and brain dysfunction due to age-related neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingjuan Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xuchang Central Hospital, Xuchang, China
| | - Zhenzhou Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenya Tai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mohamadpour B, Mirazi N, Komaki A, Basir HS, Hosseini A. Protective effects of selegiline against amyloid beta-induced anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3599. [PMID: 38873869 PMCID: PMC11176901 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and common neurodegenerative disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of selegiline (SEL) on various aspects of memory performance, anxiety, and oxidative stress in an AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42). METHODS Oral administration of SEL at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day was performed for 30 consecutive days. Following the 30 days, several tests, including the open-field, elevated plus-maze, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and passive avoidance learning were conducted to assess locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, recognition memory, spatial memory, and passive avoidance memory, respectively. RESULTS The results indicate that the induction of AD in rats led to recognition memory, spatial memory, and passive avoidance memory impairments, as well as increased anxiety. Additionally, the AD rats exhibited a decrease in total antioxidant capacity and an increase in total oxidant status levels, suggesting an imbalance in oxidative-antioxidant status. However, the administration of SEL improved memory performance, reduced anxiety, and modulated oxidative-antioxidant status in AD rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that SEL may alleviate anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits induced by Aβ through modulation of oxidative-antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohamadpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Shokati Basir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Ahmadi-Soleimani SM, Ghasemi S, Rahmani MA, Gharaei M, Mohammadi Bezanaj M, Beheshti F. Oral administration of coenzyme Q10 ameliorates memory impairment induced by nicotine-ethanol abstinence through restoration of biochemical changes in male rat hippocampal tissues. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11413. [PMID: 38762560 PMCID: PMC11102461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse among adolescents has become a growing issue throughout the world. The significance of research on this life period is based on the occurrence of neurobiological changes in adolescent brain which makes the individual more susceptible for risk-taking and impulsive behaviors. Alcohol and nicotine are among the most available drugs of abuse in adolescents. Prolonged consumption of nicotine and alcohol leads to drug dependence and withdrawal which induce various dysfunctions such as memory loss. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is known to improve learning and memory deficits induced by various pathological conditions such as Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. In the present study we investigated whether CoQ10 treatment ameliorates memory loss following a nicotine-ethanol abstinence. Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were done in male Wistar rats undergone nicotine-ethanol abstinence and the effect of CoQ10 was assessed on at behavioral and biochemical levels. Results indicated that nicotine-ethanol abstinence induces memory dysfunction which is associated with increased oxidative and inflammatory response, reduced cholinergic and neurotrophic function plus elevated Amyloid-B levels in hippocampi. CoQ10 treatment prevented memory deficits and biochemical alterations. Interestingly, this ameliorative effect of CoQ10 was found to be dose-dependent in most experiments and almost equipotential to that of bupropion and naloxone co-administration. CoQ10 treatment could effectively improve memory defects induced by nicotine-ethanol consumption through attenuation of oxidative damage, inflammation, amyloid-B level and enhancement of cholinergic and neurotrophic drive. Further studies are required to assess the unknown side effects and high dose tolerability of the drug in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Seyedalireza Ghasemi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Torfe Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Amin Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Moein Gharaei
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi Bezanaj
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
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Basir HS, Mirazi N, Komaki A, Hosseini A. Cacao consumption improves passive avoidance memory impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and oxidative stress. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1379264. [PMID: 38756381 PMCID: PMC11096498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1379264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes progressive loss of cognitive function and synaptic plasticity, which is the most common form of dementia. The present study was designed to scrutinize the effects of cacao on passive avoidance memory function and to identify the roles of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and oxidative stress in an AD rat model induced by unilateral intracerebroventricular (UICV) injection of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Methods: Oral administration of cacao (500 mg/kg/ day) was given for 2 consecutive months. A memory retention test was conducted 24 h after passive avoidance training was completed. Subsequently, the amplitude of population spike (PS) and slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were assessed at hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in perforant pathway-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses. Moreover, total thiol group (TTG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were evaluated in the plasma. Furthermore, compact Aβ plaques were detected in the hippocampal DG by performing Congo red staining. Results: As a result of AD induction, passive avoidance memory was impaired; also, reduced fEPSP slopes, PS amplitudes, and content of TTG, and increase in MDA levels in the rats were observed. In contrast, cacao treatment ameliorated passive avoidance memory impairment, improved hippocampal LTP impairment, modulated oxidative-antioxidative status, and delayed Aβ plaques production in AD rats. Disscussion: Conclusively, cacao alleviates Aβ-induced cognitive deficit, probably by the amelioration of hippocampal LTP impairment, modulation of oxidative-antioxidative status, and inhibition of Aβ plaque accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Shokati Basir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Yao MF, Dang T, Wang HJ, Zhu XZ, Qiao C. Mitochondrial homeostasis regulation: A promising therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114811. [PMID: 38103871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites (LNs) which consist of α-synuclein (α-syn) and a complex mix of other biomolecules. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely believed to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of PD and other related neurodegenerative diseases. But mitochondrial dysfunction is subject to complex genetic regulation. There is increasing evidence that PD-related genes directly or indirectly affect mitochondrial integrity. Therefore, targeted regulation of mitochondrial function has great clinical application prospects in the treatment of PD. However, lots of PD drugs targeting mitochondria have been developed but their clinical therapeutic effects are not ideal. This review aims to reveal the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases based on the mitochondrial structure and function, which may highlight potential interventions and therapeutic targets for the development of PD drugs to recover mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fan Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Tao Dang
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hua-Jun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Fišar Z, Hroudová J. CoQ 10 and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 38397789 PMCID: PMC10885987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on the recognition of the primary causes of the disease, which can be deduced from the knowledge of risk factors and biomarkers measurable in the early stages of the disease. Insights into the risk factors and the time course of biomarker abnormalities point to a role for the connection of amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, tau pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the onset and development of AD. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid antioxidant and electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport system. The availability and activity of CoQ10 is crucial for proper mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics. Based on the mitochondrial hypothesis of AD and the hypothesis of oxidative stress, the regulation of the efficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation system by means of CoQ10 can be considered promising in restoring the mitochondrial function impaired in AD, or in preventing the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of amyloid and tau pathology in AD. This review summarizes the knowledge on the pathophysiology of AD, in which CoQ10 may play a significant role, with the aim of evaluating the perspective of the pharmacotherapy of AD with CoQ10 and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Puoyan-Majd S, Parnow A, Rashno M, Heidarimoghadam R, Komaki A. The Protective Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Q10 Supplementation on Learning and Memory Impairments in Male Rats with Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S67-S80. [PMID: 37212117 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress plays a major role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cognitive deficits. Objective This study was done to determine the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alone and in combination for eight continuous weeks, on oxidative status, cognitive functions, and histological changes in the hippocampus in amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced AD rats. Methods Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the sham, control, Q10 (50 mg/kg of CoQ10; P.O.), HIIT (high intensity: 4 min running at 85-90% VO2max, low intensity: 3 min running at 50-60% VO2max), Q10 + HIIT, AD, AD+Q10, AD+HIIT, and AD+Q10 + HIIT groups. Results The results showed that Aβ injection reduced cognitive functions in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and recognition memory in the novel object recognition test (NORT), which was accompanied by a decrease in total thiol groups, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, an increase in malondialdehyde levels, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Interestingly, pretreatment with CoQ10, HIIT, or both, could markedly improve the oxidative status and cognitive decline in the MWM and NOR tests, and hinder neuronal loss in the hippocampus of Aβ-induced AD rats. Conclusion Therefore, a combination of CoQ10 and HIIT can improve Aβ-related cognitive deficits, probably through an amelioration in hippocampal oxidative status and prevention of neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Puoyan-Majd
- Bio-Sciences Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Parnow
- Bio-Sciences Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Rashid Heidarimoghadam
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Ferreira FS, Junior OVR, Dos Santos TM, Silveira JS, Deniz BF, Alves VS, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Wyse ATS. Effect of Quinolinic Acid on Behavior, Morphology, and Expression of Inflammatory/oxidative Status in Rats' Striatum: Is Coenzyme Q 10 a Good Protector? Neurotox Res 2023; 41:559-570. [PMID: 37515718 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is a toxic compound with pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic actions found at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS) in several pathological conditions. Due to the toxicity of QUIN, it is important to evaluate strategies to protect against the damage caused by this metabolite in the brain. In this context, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a provitamin present in the mitochondria with a protective role in cells through several mechanisms of action. Based on these, the present study was aimed at evaluating the possible neuroprotective role of CoQ10 against damage caused by QUIN in the striatum of young Wistar rats. Twenty-one-day-old rats underwent a 10-day pretreatment with CoQ10 or saline (control) intraperitoneal injections and on the 30th day of life received QUIN intrastriatal or saline (control) administration. The animals were submitted to behavior tests or euthanized, and the striatum was dissected to neurochemical studies. Results showed that CoQ10 was able to prevent behavioral changes (the open field, object recognition, and pole test tasks) and neurochemical parameters (alteration in the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, SOD, and GPx, as well as in the immunocontent of cytoplasmic Nrf2 and nuclear p-Nf-κβ) caused by QUIN. These findings demonstrate the promising therapeutic effects of CoQ10 against QUIN toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Santos Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Ergin AD, Üner B, Balcı Ş, Demirbağ Ç, Benetti C, Oltulu Ç. Improving the Bioavailability and Efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 on Alzheimer's Disease Through the Arginine Based Proniosomes. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2921-2932. [PMID: 37506768 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble vitamin-with a benzoquinone-like structure. CoQ10 plays a role in membrane stability, energy conversion, and ATP production. It is also one of the important antioxidants in the body. The bioavailability of exogenous CoQ10 is extremely low due to its poor aqueous solubility and large molecular mass. In this study, mixed proniosomal drug delivery systems have been used to increase solubility and bioavailability of CoQ10. Arginine (semi-essential amino acid) was incorporated in the formulation composition to achieve higher efficacy by boosting nitric oxide presence, endothelial dysfunction, and cellular uptake. Proniosomes were investigated in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and process yield, and optimization studies were carried on by utilizing STATISTICA 8.0 software considering dependent factors (carrier amount, drug amount, and surfactant ratio). Optimum proniosome formulation (particle size 187.5 ± 16.35 nm, zeta potential: -44.7 ± 12.8 mV, encapsulation efficiency 99.05±0.30%, and product yield: 90.55%) was evaluated for thermal analysis, in-vitro drug release using microcentrifuge method. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies of proniosomes were performed on intestinal Epithelial Cells (Cellartis®, ChiPSC18) and no cytotoxic effects was seen during the 72 h. Besides, anti Alzheimer effect was investigated on APPSL-GFP lentivirus-infected human neural cells (APPSL-GFP-l-HNC) and Alzheimer biomarkers (p-tau181 and p-tau217). While CoQ10's relative bioavailability was statistically increased by proniosome compared to CoQ10 suspension (p<0.01, Grubb test). PK parameters of proniosome formulation, obtained with non-compartmental modeling, were fitting to the data (R2=0.956±0.026). The study results proved that proniosomal formulation has a high potential drug delivery system for both increasing bioavailability and anti-Alzheimer effect of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Doğan Ergin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Burcu Üner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Şencan Balcı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Çağlar Demirbağ
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Camillo Benetti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Çağatay Oltulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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12
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Ramos-Campo DJ, Belinchón-deMiguel P, Martinez-Guardado I, Dalamitros AA, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Mitochondria and Brain Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2488. [PMID: 37760929 PMCID: PMC10526226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and controlling redox signaling. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various brain diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and psychiatric illnesses. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between mitochondria and brain disease, focusing on the underlying pathological mechanisms and exploring potential therapeutic opportunities. The review covers key topics such as mitochondrial DNA mutations, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dynamics, calcium dysregulation, and reactive oxygen species generation in the context of brain disease. Additionally, it discusses emerging strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial protective agents, metabolic modulators, and gene therapy approaches. By critically analysing the existing literature and recent advancements, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the multifaceted role of mitochondria in brain disease and shed light on novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Group de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Psychology Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | | | - Athanasios A. Dalamitros
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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13
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Bagheri S, Haddadi R, Saki S, Kourosh-Arami M, Rashno M, Mojaver A, Komaki A. Neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 on neurological diseases: a review article. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1188839. [PMID: 37424991 PMCID: PMC10326389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1188839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect the nervous system. Biochemical, structural, or electrical abnormalities in the spinal cord, brain, or other nerves lead to different symptoms, including muscle weakness, paralysis, poor coordination, seizures, loss of sensation, and pain. There are many recognized neurological diseases, like epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia 2 (ARCA2), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 9 (SCAR9). Different agents, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), exert neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage. Online databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE were systematically searched until December 2020 using keywords, including review, neurological disorders, and CoQ10. CoQ10 is endogenously produced in the body and also can be found in supplements or foods. CoQ10 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and plays a role in energy production and mitochondria stabilization, which are mechanisms, by which CoQ10 exerts its neuroprotective effects. Thus, in this review, we discussed the association between CoQ10 and neurological diseases, including AD, depression, MS, epilepsy, PD, LHON, ARCA2, SCAR9, and stroke. In addition, new therapeutic targets were introduced for the next drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Bagheri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Saki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Ali Mojaver
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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14
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Abuelezz SA, Hendawy N. Spotlight on Coenzyme Q10 in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease: oxidative stress/PI3K/AKT/GSK 3ß/CREB/BDNF/TrKB. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:rgad048. [PMID: 37315215 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excess amyloid beta (Aβ) and oxidative stress (OS) are inextricable hallmarks of the neuronal damage associated Alzheimer's disease. Aβ-induced cognitive and memory dysfunctions are mediated through different signalling pathways as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and their downstream intermediates including protein-kinase-B, known as Akt, glycogen-synthase-kinase-3β (GSK-3β), cAMP-response-element-binding-protein (CREB), brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related-kinase receptor-B (TrKB). The current work aims to investigate the protective potentials of CoQ10 against scopolamine (Scop)-induced cognitive disability and the contribution of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF/TrKB in the neuroprotection effects. METHODS The chronic co-administration of CQ10 (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day i.p.) with Scop in Wistar rats for 6 weeks were assayed both behaviourally and biochemically. KEY FINDINGS CoQ10 ameliorated the Scop-induced cognitive and memory defects by restoring alterations in novel object recognition and Morris water maze behavioural tests. CoQ10 favourably changed the Scop-induced deleterious effects in hippocampal malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2' deoxyguanosine, antioxidants and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF/TrKB levels. CONCLUSIONS These results exhibited the neuroprotective effects of CoQ10 on Scop-induced AD and revealed its ability to inhibit oxidative stress, amyloid deposition and to modulate PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF/TrKB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Abuelezz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
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15
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Gholami Mahmoudian Z, Ghanbari A, Rashidi I, Amiri I, Komaki A. Minocycline effects on memory and learning impairment in the beta-amyloid-induced Alzheimer's disease model in male rats using behavioral, biochemical, and histological methods. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175784. [PMID: 37179042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as an advanced neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by the everlasting impairment of memory, which is determined by hyperphosphorylation of intracellular Tau protein and accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the extracellular space. Minocycline is an antioxidant with neuroprotective effects that can freely cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study investigated the effect of minocycline on the changes in learning and memory functions, activities of blood serum antioxidant enzymes, neuronal loss, and the number of Aβ plaques after AD induced by Aβ in male rats. Healthy adult male Wistar rats (200-220g) were divided randomly into 11 groups (n = 10). The rats received minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg/day; per os (P.O.)) before, after, and before/after AD induction for 30 days. At the end of the treatment course, behavioral performance was measured by standardized behavioral paradigms. Subsequently, brain samples and blood serum were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. The results indicated that Aβ injection impaired learning and memory performances in the Morris water maze test, reduced exploratory/locomotor activities in the open field test, and enhanced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. The behavioral deficits were accompanied by hippocampal oxidative stress (decreased glutathione (GSH) peroxidase enzyme activity and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain (hippocampus) tissue), increased number of Aβ plaques, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus evidenced by Thioflavin S and H&E staining, respectively. Minocycline improved anxiety-like behavior, recovered Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits, increased GSH and decreased MDA levels, and prevented neuronal loss and the accumulation of Aβ plaques. Our results demonstrated that minocycline has neuroprotective effects and can reduce memory dysfunction, which are due to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomical Science, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Iraj Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Science, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Iraj Amiri
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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16
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Bagheri S, Rashno M, Salehi I, Karimi SA, Raoufi S, Komaki A. Geraniol improves passive avoidance memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175714. [PMID: 37054939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that leads to synaptic loss and cognitive decline. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of geraniol (GR), a valuable acyclic monoterpene alcohol, with protective and therapeutic effects, on passive avoidance memory, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques formation in an AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of Aβ1-40. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly into sham, control, control-GR (100 mg/kg; P.O. (orally), AD, GR-AD (100 mg/kg; P.O.; pretreatment), AD-GR (100 mg/kg; P.O.; treatment), and GR-AD-GR (100 mg/kg; P.O.; pretreatment & treatment). Administration of GR was continued for four consecutive weeks. Training for the passive avoidance test was carried out on the 36th day and a memory retention test was performed 24 h later. On day 38, hippocampal synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation; LTP) was recorded in perforant path-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses to assess field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude. Subsequently, Aβ plaques were identified in the hippocampus by Congo red staining. The results showed that Aβ microinjection increased passive avoidance memory impairment, suppressed of hippocampal LTP induction, and enhanced of Aβ plaque formation in the hippocampus. Interestingly, oral administration of GR improved passive avoidance memory deficit, ameliorated hippocampal LTP impairment, and reduced Aβ plaque accumulation in the Aβ-infused rats. The results suggest that GR mitigates Aβ-induced passive avoidance memory impairment, possibly through alleviation of hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and inhibition of Aβ plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Bagheri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Safoura Raoufi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. http://umsha.ac.ir
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17
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Effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 on learning and memory and synaptic plasticity impairment in an aged Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease: a behavioral, biochemical, and electrophysiological study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:951-967. [PMID: 36811650 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aging is the major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cognitive and memory impairments are common among the elderly. Interestingly, coenzyme Q10 (Q10) levels decline in the brain of aging animals. Q10 is a substantial antioxidant substance, which has an important role in the mitochondria. OBJECTIVE We assessed the possible effects of Q10 on learning and memory and synaptic plasticity in aged β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced AD rats. METHODS In this study, 40 Wistar rats (24-36 months old; 360-450 g) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 rats/group)-group I: control, group II: Aβ, group III: Q10; 50 mg/kg, and group IV: Q10+Aβ. Q10 was administered orally by gavage daily for 4 weeks before the Aβ injection. The cognitive function and learning and memory of the rats were measured by the novel object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tests. Finally, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol group (TTG), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured. RESULTS Q10 improved the Aβ-related decrease in the discrimination index in the NOR test, spatial learning and memory in the MWM test, passive avoidance learning and memory in the PAL test, and long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment in the hippocampal PP-DG pathway in aged rats. In addition, Aβ injection significantly increased serum MDA and TOS levels. Q10, however, significantly reversed these parameters and also increased TAC and TTG levels in the Aβ+Q10 group. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental findings suggest that Q10 supplementation can suppress the progression of neurodegeneration that otherwise impairs learning and memory and reduces synaptic plasticity in our experimental animals. Therefore, similar supplemental Q10 treatment given to humans with AD could possibly provide them a better quality of life.
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Safari S, Mirazi N, Ahmadi N, Asadbegi M, Nourian A, Rashno M, Komaki A. Policosanol protects against Alzheimer's disease-associated spatial cognitive decline in male rats: possible involved mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:755-767. [PMID: 36723631 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and synaptic failure. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to explore the possible protective effects of policosanol (PCO) on spatial cognitive capacity, long-term potentiation (LTP) induction, oxidant/antioxidant status, and Aβ plaques formation in an AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ1-40. METHODS Healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, sham (ICV injection of 5 µl phosphate-buffered saline), AG (50 mg/kg; P.O., as PCO vehicle), PCO (50 mg/kg; P.O.), AD model (ICV injection of 5 µl Aβ), AD + AG (50 mg/kg; P.O.), and AD + PCO (50 mg/kg; P.O.). Treatments were performed for eight consecutive weeks. At the end of the treatment course, spatial learning and memory functions, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induction, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiol group (TTG) levels, as well as the formation of Aβ plaques, were examined. RESULTS The results showed that injection of Aβ reduced spatial learning and memory abilities in the Barnes maze test, which was accompanied by decreases in field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope, population spike (PS) amplitude, and TTG level and increases in Aβ plaque accumulation and MDA content. In contrast, PCO treatment improved all the above-mentioned changes in the Aβ-infused rats. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that amelioration of hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment, modulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, and inhibition of Aβ plaque formation by PCO may be the mechanisms behind its protective effect against AD-associated spatial cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Nesa Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Masoumeh Asadbegi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Raoufi S, Salavati Z, Komaki A, Shahidi S, Zarei M. Royal jelly improves learning and memory deficits in an amyloid β-induced model of Alzheimer's disease in male rats: Involvement of oxidative stress. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1239-1248. [PMID: 36809522 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the commonest type of dementia is associated with the cognitive function failure. Oxidative stress performs an essential role in the progression of AD. Royal jelly (RJ) is a natural product of bees with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present research aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of RJ on learning and memory in a rat model of Aβ-induced AD. Forty male adult Wistar rats were equally distributed into five groups: control, sham-operated, Aβ (receiving intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of amyloid beta (Aβ1-40)), Aβ + RJ 50 mg/kg, and Aβ + RJ 100 mg/kg. RJ was administered daily post-surgery by oral gavage for four weeks. Behavioral learning and memory were examined using the novel object recognition (NOR) and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tests. Also, oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were assessed in the hippocampus. Aβ reduced step-through latency (STLr) and increased time spent in the dark compartment (TDC) in the PAL task and also decreased discrimination index in the NOR test. Administration of RJ ameliorated the Aβ-related memory impairment in both NOR and PAL tasks. Aβ decreased TAC and increased MDA and TOS levels in the hippocampus, whereas RJ administration reversed these Aβ-induced alterations. Our results indicated that RJ has the potential to ameliorate learning and memory impairment in the Aβ model of AD via attenuating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Raoufi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavati
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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20
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Coenzyme Q10 and Dementia: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020533. [PMID: 36830090 PMCID: PMC9952341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has important antioxidant properties. Because one of the main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases is oxidative stress, analysis of the concentrations of CoQ10 in different tissues of AD patients and with other dementia syndromes and the possible therapeutic role of CoQ10 in AD have been addressed in several studies. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of these studies measuring tissue CoQ10 levels in patients with dementia and controls which showed that, compared with controls, AD patients had similar serum/plasma CoQ10 levels. We also revised the possible therapeutic effects of CoQ10 in experimental models of AD and other dementias (which showed important neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10) and in humans with AD, other dementias, and mild cognitive impairment (with inconclusive results). The potential role of CoQ10 treatment in AD and in improving memory in aged rodents shown in experimental models deserves future studies in patients with AD, other causes of dementia, and mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Ronda del Sur 10, E-28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-636-968395; Fax: +34-91-328-0704
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Ronda del Sur 10, E-28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Carrara A, Pola I, Floris E, Ricevuti G, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer's Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010180. [PMID: 36671042 PMCID: PMC9855271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) has been established as an early driver of several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In AD, increased levels of reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, and nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and inflammation. Thus, the identification of novel antioxidant molecules capable of detecting, preventing, and counteracting AD onset and progression is of the utmost importance. However, although several studies have been published, comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of the principal anti-AD agents harboring antioxidant properties remain scarce. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, and carotenoids as non-enzymatic antioxidants with AD diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential, thereby offering insights into the relationship between OS and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Adelaide Carrara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pola
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Floris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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Nazari M, Karimi SA, Komaki S, Kourosh Arami M, Komaki A. Underlying mechanisms of long-term potentiation during the inhibition of the cannabinoid CB1 and GABAB receptors in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:3. [PMID: 36635629 PMCID: PMC9835329 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of various neurotransmitters and thereby the excitability of neuronal circuits are regulated by the endocannabinoid system in an activity-dependent manner. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is augmented in cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor-deficient mice. CB1 receptors exist on GABAergic axon terminals in the hippocampus. In our previous work, we showed that CB1 antagonists increased the population spike (PS) amplitude, field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP), and the LTP induction in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the rat hippocampus while the GABAB antagonist decreased these parameters. Determining the underlying mechanisms of the pre- and/or postsynaptic locus of LTP expression is of great importance. In this study, we investigated whether LTP alteration acutely caused by CB1 and GABAB receptor antagonists (AM251 and CGP55845, respectively) happens at the postsynaptic or presynaptic regions, or at both. Therefore, the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) was assessed prior to and following the LTP induction in the studied groups. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the groups of control, AM251, CGP55845, CGP55845 + AM251. A high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the perforant path (PP) was used to induce LTP in the DG region. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that AM251 produced significant increase in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope and amplitude of PS. Conversely, administration of CGP55845 produced decrease in slope of EPSP. The current results indicated that the PPR was not influenced by LTP induction in the presence of AM251 or CGP55845 either alone or their combination. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the site causing LTP expression is, at least in part, the postsynaptic site because PPR was not influenced by LTP induction in the presence of AM251 or CGP55845 either alone or their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nazari
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, 65178/518 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, 65178/518 Hamadan, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Komaki
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, 65178/518 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh Arami
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, 65178/518 Hamadan, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Rehman MU, Sehar N, Dar NJ, Khan A, Arafah A, Rashid S, Rashid SM, Ganaie MA. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases: An update on current advances and impediments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104961. [PMID: 36395982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and Huntington disease (HD) represent a major socio-economic challenge in view of their high prevalence yet poor treatment outcomes affecting quality of life. The major challenge in drug development for these NDs is insufficient clarity about the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are common pathways that are linked to neuronal abnormalities and initiation of these diseases. Thus, elucidating the shared initial molecular and cellular mechanisms is crucial for recognizing novel remedial targets, and developing therapeutics to impede or stop disease progression. In this context, use of multifunctional compounds at early stages of disease development unclogs new avenues as it acts on act on multiple targets in comparison to single target concept. In this review, we summarize overview of the major findings and advancements in recent years focusing on shared mechanisms for better understanding might become beneficial in searching more potent pharmacological interventions thereby reducing the onset or severity of various NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nawab John Dar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78992 USA
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Mirzaei F, Khodadadi I, Majdoub N, Vafaei SA, Tayebinia H, Abbasi E. Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists in the Management of Diabetic Patients with or without COVID-19. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18741045-v16-e2212130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a gut-derived hormone released after a meal, which alleviates hyperglycemia, increases β-cell survival, reduces body weight, and reduces inflammation. These thrilling effects motivated clinical studies to discover the potential use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in the management of T2D. GLP-1 RAs are potential anti-diabetic agents that can reduce blood pressure, glucose levels, HbA1c and, weight loss without hypoglycemia risk. This manuscript reviews the importance of GLP-1 RAs and their role in the management of T2D with or without COVID-19 infection. Hence, this manuscript can help physicians and researchers to choose the most appropriate drugs for the individualized treatment of subjects.
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25
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Hashemi-Firouzi N, Afshar S, Asl SS, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Gholamigeravand B, Amiri K, Majidi M, Shahidi S. The effects of polyvinyl alcohol-coated selenium nanoparticles on memory impairment in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:3011-3021. [PMID: 36271966 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some mineral elements exert beneficial neuroprotection, especially in the form of nanoparticles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated SeNPs (PVA-SeNPs) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a rat model of AD. Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven rats: control, Alz, Alz + Se, and Alz + Se-PV groups. PVA-SeNPs and SeNPs were chemically synthesized and orally administrated (0.4 mg/kg) to the AD rats for one month. AD was induced by an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The memory function was assessed by the novel object recognition (NOR) and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tests. The expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and stress oxidative markers (MDA and TAC), and the number of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques were assessed using ELISA kits, biochemical methods, and Congo red staining, respectively. The results of the behavioral tests showed that the discrimination index in the NOR test increased in the Alz + PVA-SeNPs group compared to the Alz group. Memory performance in the PAL task improved in the PVA-SeNPs and SeNPs groups compared to the Alz group. The level of the BDNF in both of the Alz treatment groups (PVA-SeNPs and SeNPs) showed a significant increase compared to the Alz group. MDA levels and Aβ plaques decreased in both NPs-treated Alz groups, while TAC levels decreased in all Alz groups. PVA-SeNPs were more effective than SeNPs in the improvement of the cognition deficit. The results suggest that PVA-SeNPs improve the cognition and memory deficit induced by an ICV injection of STZ through a decrease in the number of Aβ plaques and malondialdehyde levels and an increase in the BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simin Afshar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Bahareh Gholamigeravand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Kimia Amiri
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Majidi
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Gholami Mahmoudian Z, Komaki A, Rashidi I, Amiri I, Ghanbari A. The effect of minocycline on beta-amyloid-induced memory and learning deficit in male rats: A behavioral, biochemical, and histological study. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102158. [PMID: 36084891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Minocycline hydrochloride is a semi-synthetic, second-generation tetracycline with neuroprotective, neurorestorative, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of minocycline against beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD), recognition memory decline, and the possible involved anti-apoptotic mechanisms. METHODS The rats were treated with minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg/day; P.O.) after AD induction for 30 days. Behavioral functions were assessed by employing standard behavioral tests, including novel object recognition (NOR) and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tasks. Then, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured in blood serum using ELISA kits. Apoptosis and the number of Aβ plaques were examined by the TUNEL and Congo red staining, respectively. RESULTS Treatment of Aβ rats with minocycline improved memory deficit in the PAL task and a decline in recognition memory in the NOR test. Minocycline at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the TOS levels and increased the TAC levels (P < 0.0001). Also, minocycline at 50 and 100 mg/kg reduced the apoptotic index in the hippocampus of Aβ rats. After Congo red staining, the minocycline group showed improved cell morphology and markedly fewer Aβ plaques. CONCLUSIONS Minocycline reduced memory and learning deficit in behavioral experiments after Aβ injection, which may be due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Science, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Iraj Amiri
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomical Science, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Chang PS, Chou HH, Lai TJ, Yen CH, Pan JC, Lin PT. Investigation of coenzyme Q10 status, serum amyloid-β, and tau protein in patients with dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:910289. [PMID: 35959290 PMCID: PMC9358012 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.910289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dementia is an oxidative stress-related disease. Coenzyme Q10 is a nutrient that occurs naturally in the human body and acts as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of coenzyme Q10 status, biomarkers for dementia (amyloid β and tau protein), and antioxidant capacity in patients with dementia. Methods Eighty dementia patients aged ≥60 years and with a mini mental state examination (MMSE) score ≤ 26 were enrolled. The levels of coenzyme Q10, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), amyloid β, and tau protein were measured. Results A total of 73% of patients had a low coenzyme Q10 status. Patients with low coenzyme Q10 status had a significantly higher level of serum amyloid β-42 and amyloid β-42/40 ratio (p < 0.05). Coenzyme Q10 status was significantly correlated with the values of TAC, MMSE score, amyloid β-42, and amyloid β-42/40 ratio (p < 0.05) but not with tau protein. Additionally, a high proportion of moderate dementia patients were found to have low coenzyme Q10 status (p = 0.07). Conclusion Patients with dementia suffered from coenzyme Q10 deficiency, and the degree of deficiency was related to the level of amyloid-β and antioxidant capacity. Since adequate level of coenzyme Q10 may delay the progression of dementia, monitoring coenzyme Q10 status in patients with dementia is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Sheng Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Jen Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Cyun Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ting Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ping-Ting Lin,
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Nascimento ALCS, Fernandes RP, Carvalho ACS, Frigieri I, Alves RC, Chorilli M. Insights for Alzheimer's disease pharmacotherapy and current clinical trials. Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105401. [PMID: 35842055 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the scientific community has sought improvements in the life quality of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic loss and neuronal death observed in the regions responsible for cognitive functions represent an irreversible progressive disease that is clinically characterized by impaired cognitive and functional abilities, along with behavioral symptoms. Currently, image and body fluid biomarkers can provide early dementia diagnostic, being it the best way to slow the disease's progression. The first signs of AD development are still complex, the existence of individual genetic and phenotypic characteristics about the disease makes it difficult to standardize studies on the subject. The answer seems to be related between Aβ and tau proteins. Aβ deposition in the medial parietal cortex appears to be the initial stage of AD, but it does not have a strong correlation with neurodegeneration. The strongest link between symptoms occurs with tau aggregation, which antecede Aβ deposits in the medial temporal lobe, however, the protein can be found in cognitively healthy older people. The answer to the question may lie in some catalytic effect between both proteins. Amid so many doubts, Aducanumab was approved, which raised controversies and results intense debate in the scientific field. Abnormal singling of some blood biomarkers produced by adipocytes under high lipogenesis, such as TNFα, leptin, and interleukin-6, demonstrate to be linked to neuroinflammation worsens, diabetes, and also severe cases of COVID-19, howsoever, under higher lipolysis, seem to have therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects in the brain, which has increasingly contributed to the understanding of AD. In addition, the relationship of severe clinical complications caused by Sars-CoV-2 viral infection and AD, go beyond the term "risk group" and may be related to the development of dementia long-term. Thus, this review summarized the current emerging pharmacotherapies, alternative treatments, and nanotechnology applied in clinical trials, discussing relevant points that may contribute to a more accurate look.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L C S Nascimento
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - R P Fernandes
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Department of Chemistry, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - A C S Carvalho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Frigieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Alves
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sun Y, Xia X, Basnet D, Zheng JC, Huang J, Liu J. Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Emerging Links to the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:904152. [PMID: 35837484 PMCID: PMC9273851 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.904152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a diverse class of diseases attributed to chronic progressive neuronal degeneration and synaptic loss in the brain and/or spinal cord, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and diverse, often involving mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and epigenetic changes. However, the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence revealed that ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation-driven type of programmed cell death, provides another explanation for the occurrence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the process and regulation mechanisms of ferroptosis, and summarize current research progresses that support the contribution of ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the emerging roles of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases will shed light on the development of novel therapeutic technologies and strategies for slowing down the progression of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Diksha Basnet
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C. Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jialin C. Zheng,
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Jian Huang,
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jianhui Liu,
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Therapeutic Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Exercise Alone and Its Combination with Ecdysterone Against Amyloid Beta-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease: A Behavioral, Biochemical, and Histological Study. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2090-2108. [PMID: 35484426 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal oxidative stress has a vital role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated behavioral deficits. Ecdysterone (Ecdy), a natural product and primary steroid hormone, exhibits anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as an effective method for improving physiological brain functions. The present study was designed to investigate the comparative effects of separate and combined HIIT and Ecdy treatment on behavioral functions, hippocampal oxidative status, histological changes in an amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced rat model of AD. Adult male rats were treated simultaneously with HIIT exercise and Ecdy (10 mg/kg/day; P.O.), starting ten days after Aβ-injection, and they continued for eight consecutive weeks. At the end of the treatment course, the behavioral functions of the rats were assessed by commonly-used behavioral paradigms. Subsequently, brain samples were collected for histological analysis and hippocampus samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results illustrated that Aβ injection impaired learning and memory performances in both novel object recognition and Barnes maze tests, reduced exploratory/locomotor activities in open field test, enhanced anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus-maze (P < 0.05). These behavioral deficits accompanied hippocampal oxidative stress (decreased total antioxidant capacity content and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, increased total oxidant status and malondialdehyde level) and neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in H&E staining (P < 0.05). HIIT and Ecdy improved anxiety-like behavior, attenuated total oxidant status and malondialdehyde, and prevented the neuronal loss (P < 0.05). However, their combination resulted in a more complete and powerful improvement in all the above-mentioned Aβ-related deficits (P < 0.05). Overall, these data provide evidence that a combination of HIIT and Ecdy treatment improves Aβ-induced behavioral deficits, possibly through ameliorating hippocampal oxidative status and preventing neuronal loss.
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Rajkhowa B, Mehan S, Sethi P, Prajapati A. Activation of SIRT-1 Signalling in the Prevention of Bipolar Disorder and Related Neurocomplications: Target Activators and Influences on Neurological Dysfunctions. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:670-686. [PMID: 35156173 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SIRT-1 (silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog-1) is a protein found in neuronal nuclei, microglia, and astrocyte cells of the brain. It is sometimes referred to as NAD + -dependent deacetylase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). The activation of sirtuins (SIRT-1-7) has been shown to protect against a wide range of disorders, including neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. SIRT-1 has gained considerable interest from these families because of its early link to long-life expansion and calorie restriction involvement. SIRT-1 is necessary for gene silencing, cell cycle regulation, fat and glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, ageing, and memory formation. In this review, we investigate the role of SIRT-1 downregulation in the progression of bipolar disorder (BD) and neurological abnormalities, as well as related neurological alterations such as genetic dysfunction, neurotransmitter imbalance, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. BD is a psychiatric disease distinguished by extreme mood fluctuations that range from depressive lows to manic highs. BD is a complicated disorder with numerous clinical signs and neurocomplications that produce significant behavioural problems. SIRT-1 deficiency in the brain has been demonstrated to affect the activity of its transcription factors and molecular changes, including genetic defects. SIRT-1 is now being studied as a potential therapeutic target for a range of brain disorders. A recent study also found that activating SIRT-1 signalling performs a protective effect in avoiding depression and mania-like behaviours. Furthermore, this review investigates the potential mechanisms by which SIRT-1 regulates neuronal transmission and neurogenesis. As a result of our review, we revealed that SIRT-1 activators have neuroprotective potential in BD and related neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Rajkhowa
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Ferreira FS, Dos Santos TM, Ramires Junior OV, Silveira JS, Schmitz F, Wyse ATS. Quinolinic Acid Impairs Redox Homeostasis, Bioenergetic, and Cell Signaling in Rat Striatum Slices: Prevention by Coenzyme Q 10. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:473-484. [PMID: 35239160 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an important agonist of NMDA receptors that are found at high levels in cases of brain injury and neuroinflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate neuroprotection strategies capable of neutralizing the effects of the QUIN on the brain. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a provitamin that has an important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. This work aims to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of CoQ10 against the toxicity caused by QUIN. Striatal slices from 30-day-old Wistar rats were preincubated with CoQ10 25-100 μM for 15 min; then, QUIN 100 μM was added to the incubation medium for 30 min. A dose-response curve was used to select the CoQ10 concentration to be used in the study. Results showed that QUIN caused changes in the production of ROS, nitrite levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, and damage to proteins and lipids. CoQ10 was able to prevent the effects caused by QUIN, totally or partially, except for damage to proteins. QUIN also altered the activities of electron transport chain complexes and ATP levels, and CoQ10 prevented totally and partially these effects, respectively. CoQ10 prevented the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, but not the decrease in the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase caused by QUIN. We also observed that QUIN caused changes in the total ERK and phospho-Akt content, and these effects were partially prevented by CoQ10. These findings suggest that CoQ10 may be a promising therapeutic alternative for neuroprotection against QUIN neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Ashok A, Andrabi SS, Mansoor S, Kuang Y, Kwon BK, Labhasetwar V. Antioxidant Therapy in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Clinical Translation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020408. [PMID: 35204290 PMCID: PMC8869281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are formed as a part of normal metabolic activities but are neutralized by the endogenous antioxidants present in cells/tissue, thus maintaining the redox balance. This redox balance is disrupted in certain neuropathophysiological conditions, causing oxidative stress, which is implicated in several progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Following neuronal injury, secondary injury progression is also caused by excessive production of free radicals. Highly reactive free radicals, mainly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), damage the cell membrane, proteins, and DNA, which triggers a self-propagating inflammatory cascade of degenerative events. Dysfunctional mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions are considered a key mediator in progressive neurodegeneration. Exogenous delivery of antioxidants holds promise to alleviate oxidative stress to regain the redox balance. In this regard, natural and synthetic antioxidants have been evaluated. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, clinical translation of antioxidants as a therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. The issues could be their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport to the target tissue, and/or poor antioxidant capacity, requiring repeated and high dosing, which cannot be administered to humans because of dose-limiting toxicity. Our laboratory is investigating nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antioxidant enzymes to address some of the above issues. Apart from being endogenous, the main advantage of antioxidant enzymes is their catalytic mechanism of action; hence, they are significantly more effective at lower doses in detoxifying the deleterious effects of free radicals than nonenzymatic antioxidants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of antioxidant therapy, challenges in their clinical translation, and the role nanoparticles/drug delivery systems could play in addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushruti Ashok
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Saffar Mansoor
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youzhi Kuang
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Ranjbar K, Zarrinkalam E, Asl SS, Salehi I, Taheri M, Komaki A. The effect of different exercise training modes on dentate gyrus neurodegeneration and synaptic plasticity in morphine-dependent rats. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu J, Jin X, Ye Z, Wang D, Zhao H, Tong Z. Opposite Roles of Co-enzyme Q10 and Formaldehyde in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221143274. [PMID: 36455136 PMCID: PMC10624093 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221143274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Most of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) have no cure. The common etiology of neurodegenerations is unclear. Air pollutant-gaseous formaldehyde is notoriously known to induce demyelination and cognitive impairments. Unexpectedly, an amount of formaldehyde has been detected in the brains. Multiple factors can induce the generation and accumulation of endogenous formaldehyde. Excessive formaldehyde can induce oxidative stress to generate H2O2; in turn, H2O2 promote formaldehyde production. Clinical investigations have shown that an abnormal high level of formaldehyde but low level of coenzyme Q10 (coQ10) was observed in patients with NDD. Further studies have proven that excessive formaldehyde directly inactivates coQ10, reduces the ATP generation, enhances oxidative stress, initiates inflammation storm, induces demyelination; subsequently, it results in neurodegeneration. Although the low water solubility of coQ10 limits its clinical application, nanomicellar water-soluble coQ10 exhibits positive therapeutical effects. Hence, nanopackage of coQ10 may be a promising strategy for treating NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Xu
- Institute of Ningbo, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingjiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Institute of Ningbo, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Mantle D, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10, Ageing and the Nervous System: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:2. [PMID: 35052506 PMCID: PMC8773271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing brain is characterised by changes at the physical, histological, biochemical and physiological levels. This ageing process is associated with an increased risk of developing a number of neurological disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of such disorders. In this article, we review the potential therapeutic role in these age-related neurological disorders of supplementary coenzyme Q10, a vitamin-like substance of vital importance for normal mitochondrial function and as an antioxidant. This review is concerned primarily with studies in humans rather than in vitro studies or studies in animal models of neurological disease. In particular, the reasons why the outcomes of clinical trials supplementing coenzyme Q10 in these neurological disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A. Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (R.A.H.); (I.P.H.)
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (R.A.H.); (I.P.H.)
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Pradhan N, Singh C, Singh A. Coenzyme Q10 a mitochondrial restorer for various brain disorders. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2197-2222. [PMID: 34596729 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone or CoQ10) is a lipid molecule that acts as an electron mobile carrier of the electron transport chain and also contains antioxidant properties. Supplementation of CoQ10 has been very useful to treat mitochondrial diseases. CoQ10 along with its synthetic analogue, idebenone, is used largely to treat various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia and additional brain disease condition like autism, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, depression, and bipolar disorder, which are related to mitochondrial impairment. In this article, we have reviewed numerous physiological functions of CoQ10 and the rationale for its use in clinical practice in different brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India.
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Juszczyk G, Mikulska J, Kasperek K, Pietrzak D, Mrozek W, Herbet M. Chronic Stress and Oxidative Stress as Common Factors of the Pathogenesis of Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Antioxidants in Prevention and Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091439. [PMID: 34573069 PMCID: PMC8470444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of scientific research showing the link between depression and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The chronic stress contributes to the formation of oxidative stress in the parts of the brain involved in the development of depression and AD. The scientific literature reports the significant role of antioxidants, which are highly effective in treating these diseases. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between chronic stress, oxidative stress, and the changes in the brain they cause occurring in the brain. Among all the compounds showing antioxidant properties, the most promising results in AD treatment were observed for Vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), melatonin, polyphenols, curcumin, and selenium. In case of depression treatment, the greatest potential was observed in curcumin, zinc, selenium, vitamin E, and saffron.
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Cirilli I, Damiani E, Dludla PV, Hargreaves I, Marcheggiani F, Millichap LE, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Tiano L. Role of Coenzyme Q 10 in Health and Disease: An Update on the Last 10 Years (2010-2020). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081325. [PMID: 34439573 PMCID: PMC8389239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last decade that contribute to increasing knowledge on Coenzyme Q10's role in health and disease. Classical antioxidant and bioenergetic functions of the coenzyme have been taken into consideration, as well as novel mechanisms of action involving the redox-regulated activation of molecular pathways associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Cardiovascular research and fertility remain major fields of application of Coenzyme Q10, although novel applications, in particular in relation to topical application, are gaining considerable interest. In this respect, bioavailability represents a major challenge and the innovation in formulation aspects is gaining critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Cirilli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa;
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Lauren Elizabeth Millichap
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-4394
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Sukhorukov VS, Mudzhiri NM, Voronkova AS, Baranich TI, Glinkina VV, Illarioshkin SN. Mitochondrial Disorders in Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:667-679. [PMID: 34225590 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis is constantly expanding. Thus, the increasing attention of researchers is directed to the study of the role of mitochondrial disorders. In addition, in recent years, the concept of Alzheimer's disease as a stress-induced disease has begun to form more and more actively. The stress-induced damage to the neuronal system can trigger a vicious circle of pathological processes, among which mitochondrial dysfunctions have a significant place, since mitochondria represent a substantial component in the anti-stress activity of the cell. The study of mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease is relevant for at least two reasons: first, as important pathogenetic component in this disease; second, due to vital role of mitochondria in formation of the body resistance to various conditions, including stressful ones, throughout the life. This literature review analyzes the results of a number of recent studies assessing potential significance of the mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease. The probable mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders associated with the development of this disease are considered: bioenergetic dysfunctions, changes in mitochondrial DNA (including assessment of the significance of its haplogroup features), disorders in the dynamics of these organelles, oxidative damage to calcium channels, damage to MAM complexes (membranes associated with mitochondria; mitochondria-associated membranes), disruptions of the mitochondrial quality control system, mitochondrial permeability, etc. The issues of the "primary" or "secondary" mitochondrial damage in Alzheimer's disease are discussed. Potentials for the development of new methods for diagnosis and therapy of mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tatiana I Baranich
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Valeria V Glinkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Ahmadi N, Mirazi N, Komaki A, Safari S, Hosseini A. Vanillic acid attenuates amyloid β1-40-induced long-term potentiation deficit in male rats: an in vivo investigation. Neurol Res 2021; 43:562-569. [PMID: 33627050 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1893565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorderliness that involves deductible progressive cognition function caused by amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the interstitial space. The increase of Aβ stimulates all kinds of active oxygen and causes oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this investigation, we researched the neuroprotective impacts of vanillic acid (VA) on the Aβ-induced (Aβ1-40) long-term potentiation (LTP) of the hippocampus - a commonly probed synaptic plasticity model that happens at the same time as memory and learning - in the AD rats.Methods: Forty-five male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups (n = 8 rats/group, 200-220 g), and studied as control (standard diet), sham (vehicle), VA (50 mg/kg), Aβ and Aβ + VA (50 mg/kg) groups. In vivo electrophysiological recordings were implemented after the stereotaxic surgery to gauge the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. By the stimulation at high-frequency of the perforate pathway, long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced. To assess the plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol group (TTG), blood samples were garnered.Results: In the Aβ-injected rats, EPSP slope, and PS amplitude were significantly reduced after the induction of LTP. Thus, the findings demonstrate that VA decreases the impacts of Aβ on LTP; also, the treatments through VA neuroprotective against the negative effects of Aβ on the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus can decrease the MDA levels and also increase the TTG levels significantly.Discussion: Therefore, based on this experiment on male rats, VA has neuroprotective effects and antioxidants benefits against the Aβ-mediated inhibition of long-term potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Huang HM, Wu CW, Chen IC, Lee YC, Huang YS, Hung CY, Wu KLH. Maternal high-fructose diet induced early-onset retinopathy via the suppression of synaptic plasticity mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1173-E1182. [PMID: 33969706 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00001.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness, and there is currently no cure. Earlier identification of the progression of retinopathy could provide a better chance for intervention. Diet has profound effects on retinal function. A maternal high-fructose diet (HFD) triggers diseases in multiple organs. However, whether maternal HFD impairs retinal function in adult offspring is currently unknown. By using the rodent model of maternal HFD during pregnancy and lactation, our data indicated a reduced b-wave of electroretinography (ERG) in HFD female offspring at 3 mo of age compared with age-matched offspring of dams fed regular chow (ND). Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses indicated that the distributions and expressions of synaptophysin, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and phospho(p)-Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) were significantly suppressed in the HFD group. Furthermore, the ATP content and the mitochondrial respiratory protein, Mt CPX 4-2, were decreased. Moreover, the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the retina of the HFD group were downregulated. Treatment with coenzyme Q10 (Q10), a key mediator of the electron transport chain, effectively reversed these abovementioned dysfunctions. Together, these results suggested that maternal HFD impaired retinal function in adult female offspring. The mechanism underlying early-onset retinopathy may involve the reduction in the capacity of mitochondrial energy production and the suppression of synaptic plasticity. Most importantly, mitochondria could be a feasible target to reprogram maternal HFD-damaged retinal function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we provide novel evidence that maternal high-fructose diet during gestation and lactation could induce early-onset retinopathy in adult female offspring. Of note, the insufficient energy content, downregulated mitochondrial respiratory complex 4-2, and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis might contribute to the decrease of synaptic plasticity resulting in retinal function suppression. Oral application with coenzyme Q10 for 4 wk could at least partially reverse the aforementioned molecular events and retinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Republic of China
| | - Yao-Sheng Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
| | - Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Republic of China
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Republic of China
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Montiel-Corona V, Buitrón G. Polyhydroxyalkanoates from organic waste streams using purple non-sulfur bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124610. [PMID: 33429315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many microorganisms can produce intracellular and extracellular biopolymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Despite PHA's benefits, their widespread at the industrial level has not occurred due mainly to high production costs. PHA production under a biorefinery scheme is proposed to improve its economic viability. In this context, purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are ideal candidates to produce PHA and other substances of economic interest. This review describes the PHA production by PNSB under different metabolic pathways, by using a wide range of wastes and under diverse operational conditions such as aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, irradiance level, light or dark conditions. Some strategies, such as controlling the feed regime, biofilm reactors, and open photobioreactors in outdoor conditions, were identified from the literature review as the approach needed to improve the process's economic viability when using mixed cultures of PNSB and wastes as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Montiel-Corona
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, C.P. 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Germán Buitrón
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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Effects of vanillic acid on Aβ 1-40-induced oxidative stress and learning and memory deficit in male rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:264-273. [PMID: 33652070 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, in which the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the extracellular space causes a progressive reduction in cognitive performance. Aβ stimulates active oxygen species generation leading to oxidative stress and neural cell death. Vanillic Acid (VA) is the oxidant form of vanillin widely found in vanilla beans. VA has many properties, such as suppressing apoptosis and eliminating the harmful effects of oxidative stress in animal models. The VA effects on impaired learning and memory in Aβ rats were assessed. Forty adults male Wistar rats were assigned to the following five groups in random: the control, sham (received saline (vehicle) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection), Aβ (received Aβ1-40 via ICV injection), VA (50 mg/kg by oral gavage once a day through four weeks), and Aβ + VA (50 mg/kg) groups. Open field test, novel object recognition (NOR) test, Morris water maze (MWM) test, and passive avoidance learning (PAL) task were performed, and finally, we determined the malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels. Aβ decreased the cognitive memory in NOR, spatial memory in MWM, and passive avoidance memory in PAL tests. In contrast, VA improved learning and memory in the treated group. Aβ significantly increased MDA and TOS and decreased TAC levels, whereas VA treatment significantly reversed TAC, TOS and MDA levels. In conclusion, VA decreased the Aβ effects on learning and memory by suppressing oxidative stress and can be regarded as a neuroprotective substance in AD.
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Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Limia-Perez L, Romero-Cabrera JL, Yubero-Serrano EM, López-Miranda J. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation for the Reduction of Oxidative Stress: Clinical Implications in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217870. [PMID: 33114148 PMCID: PMC7660335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from its main function in the mitochondria as a key element in electron transport, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been described as having multiple functions, such as oxidant action in the generation of signals and the control of membrane structure and phospholipid and cellular redox status. Among these, the most relevant and most frequently studied function is the potent antioxidant capability of its coexistent redox forms. Different clinical trials have investigated the effect of CoQ10 supplementation and its ability to reduce oxidative stress. In this review, we focused on recent advances in CoQ10 supplementation, its role as an antioxidant, and the clinical implications that this entails in the treatment of chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. As an antioxidant, CoQ10 has proved to be of potential use as a treatment in diseases in which oxidative stress is a hallmark, and beneficial effects of CoQ10 have been reported in the treatment of chronic diseases. However, it is crucial to reach a consensus on the optimal dose and the use of different formulations, which vary from ubiquinol or ubiquinone Ubisol-Q10 or Qter®, to new analogues such as MitoQ, before we can draw a clear conclusion about its clinical use. In addition, a major effort must be made to demonstrate its beneficial effects in clinical trials, with a view to making the implementation of CoQ10 possible in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Miguel Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pablo Arenas-de Larriva
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Limia-Perez
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Romero-Cabrera
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Maria Yubero-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.-M.); Tel.: +34-957213733 (E.M.Y.-S.); +34-957010947 (J.L.-M.); Fax: +34-957218250 (J.L.-M.)
| | - Jose López-Miranda
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.-M.); Tel.: +34-957213733 (E.M.Y.-S.); +34-957010947 (J.L.-M.); Fax: +34-957218250 (J.L.-M.)
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Omidi G, Rezvani-Kamran A, Ganji A, Komaki S, Etaee F, Asadbegi M, Komaki A. Effects of Hypericum scabrum extract on dentate gyrus synaptic plasticity in high fat diet-fed rats. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:19. [PMID: 32209056 PMCID: PMC7093352 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) can induce deficits in neural function, oxidative stress, and decrease hippocampal neurogenesis. Hypericum (H.) scabrum extract (Ext) contains compounds that could treat neurological disorders. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective impacts of the H. scabrum Ext on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats that were fed HFD. Fifty-four male Wistar rats (220 ± 10 g) were randomly arranged in six groups: (1) HFD group; (2) HFD + Ext300 group; (3) HFD + Ext100 group; (4) Control group; (5) Ext 300 mg/kg group; (6) Ext 100 mg/kg group. These protocols were administrated for 3 months. After this stage, a stimulating electrode was implanted in the perforant pathway (PP), and a bipolar recording electrode was embedded into the dentate gyrus (DG). Long-term potentiation (LTP) was provoked by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the PP. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) and population spikes (PS) were recorded at 5, 30, and 60 min after HFS. The HFD group exhibited a large and significant decrease in their PS amplitude and EPSP slope as compared to the control and extract groups. In reverse, H. scabrum administration in the HFD + Ext rats reversed the effect of HFD on the PS amplitude and EPSP slope. The results of the study support that H. scabrum Ext can inhibit diminished synaptic plasticity caused by the HFD. These effects are probably due to the extreme antioxidant impacts of the Ext and its capability to scavenge free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Omidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rezvani-Kamran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ganji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Etaee
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Rahe Sabz Addiction Rehabilitation Clinic, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Asadbegi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, 65178/518, Hamadan, Iran.
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Shekarian M, Komaki A, Shahidi S, Sarihi A, Salehi I, Raoufi S. The protective and therapeutic effects of vinpocetine, a PDE1 inhibitor, on oxidative stress and learning and memory impairment induced by an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of amyloid beta (aβ) peptide. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112512. [PMID: 31991177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to cognitive and memory impairment. This study aimed at investigating the therapeutic and preserving effects of vinpocetine on amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced rat model of AD. Sixty male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10 per group) as follows: 1; control, 2; sham, 3; Aβ, 4; pre-treatment (vinpocetine + Aβ): oral gavage administration of vinpocetine at 4 mg/kg for 30 days followed by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ, 5; treatment (Aβ + vinpocetine): Aβ ICV injection followed by vinpocetine administration for 30 days, 6; pre-treatment + treatment (vinpocetine + Aβ + vinpocetine): vinpocetine administration for 30 days before and 30 days after AD induction. Following treatments, the animals' learning and memory were investigated using passive avoidance learning (PAL) task, Morris water maze (MWM), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. The results demonstrated that Aβ significantly enhanced escape latency and the distance traveled in the MWM, decreased step-through latency, and increased time spent in the dark compartment in PAL. Vinpocetine ameliorated the Aβ-infused memory deficits in both MWM and PAL tests. Administration of vinpocetine in the Aβ rats increased the discrimination index of the NOR test. It also significantly diminished the nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels and restored the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Vinpocetine can improve memory and learning impairment following Aβ infusion due to its different properties, including antioxidant effects, which indicates that vinpocetine administration can lead to the amelioration of cognitive dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Shekarian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Safoura Raoufi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease and Progress in Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-00179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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