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Hidalgo-Muñoz AR, Jallais C, Evennou M, Fort A. Driving anxiety and anxiolytics while driving: Their impacts on behaviour and cognition behind the wheel. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16008. [PMID: 37305507 PMCID: PMC10256919 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The interaction between road safety and drivers' mental health is an important issue to take into consideration on transportation and safety research. The present review deals specifically with the link between anxiety and driving activity from two complementary points of view. Method A systematic review into primary studies, following the PRISMA statement, was carried out in four databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Transport Research International Documentation and Pubmed. A total of 29 papers were retained. On the one hand, we present a systematic review of research articles exploring the cognitive and behavioural effects of driving anxiety, regardless its onset, when concerned people have to drive. The second goal of the review is to compile the available literature on the influence of legal drugs, which are used to fight against anxiety, on actual driving tasks. Results Eighteen papers have been retained for the first question, whose main findings show that exaggerated cautious driving, negative feelings and avoidance are associated with driving anxiety. Most of the conclusions were drawn from self-reported questionnaires and little is known about the effects in situ. Concerning the second question, benzodiazepines are the most studied legal drugs. They affect different attentional processes and could slow reaction times down depending on the population and treatment features. Conclusions The two standpoints included in the present work allow us to propose some possible lines of research to study certain aspects that have not been explored in depth about people who either feel apprehensive about driving or who drive under the effects of anxiolytics. Practical applications The study on driving anxiety may be crucial to estimate the consequences for traffic safety. Furthermore, it is relevant to design effective campaigns to raise awareness about the issues discussed. To propose standard evaluations of driving anxiety and exhaustive research works to find out the extent of anxiolytics use are also important to be considered for traffic policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R. Hidalgo-Muñoz
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Science, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christophe Jallais
- University Gustave Eiffel, University Lyon, TS2-LESCOT, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - Myriam Evennou
- University Gustave Eiffel, University Lyon, TS2-LESCOT, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Fort
- University Gustave Eiffel, University Lyon, TS2-LESCOT, F-69675 Lyon, France
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2
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Elphinston RA, Vaezipour A, Fowler JA, Russell TG, Sterling M. Psychological therapy using virtual reality for treatment of driving phobia: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 45:1582-1594. [PMID: 35532316 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2069293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Driving phobia is prevalent in injured individuals following motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). The evidence for virtual reality (VR) based psychological treatments for driving phobia is unknown. This systematic review synthesized the available evidence on the effectiveness, feasibility, and user experience of psychological treatments for driving phobia using VR. METHODS Three databases (PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and PubMed) were searched. Eligibility criteria included adults with clinical or sub-clinical levels of driving phobia manifesting as part of an anxiety disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Primary outcomes were driving-related anxiety/fear or avoidance, PTSD symptoms and driving frequency/intensity, as well as treatment feasibility including recruitment, treatment completion and retention rates, user experience and immersion/presence in the VR program. Secondary outcomes were other health outcomes (e.g., depression) and VR technological features. RESULTS The 14 included studies were of low methodological quality. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity prevented quantitative pooling of data. The evidence provided in this review is limited by trials with small sample sizes, and lack of diagnostic clarity, controlled designs, and long-term assessment. The evidence did suggest that VR-based psychological interventions could be feasible and acceptable in this population. CONCLUSIONS For VR-based psychological interventions to be recommended for driving phobia, more high-quality trials are needed. Implications for rehabilitationVirtual reality (VR) based psychological treatments may be feasible and acceptable to patients with driving phobia.There is potential to increase accessibility to psychological therapies in patients with driving phobia following motor vehicle crashes through the use of digital psychiatry such as VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Elphinston
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Atiyeh Vaezipour
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James A Fowler
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Trevor G Russell
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michele Sterling
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Driver's Visual Attention Characteristics and Their Emotional Influencing Mechanism under Different Cognitive Tasks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095059. [PMID: 35564459 PMCID: PMC9099627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The visual attention system is the gateway to the human information processing system, and emotion is an important part of the human perceptual system. In this paper, the driver's visual attention characteristics and the influences of typical driving emotions on those were explored through analyzing driver's fixation time and identification accuracy to different visual cognitive tasks during driving. The results showed that: the increasing complexity of the cognitive object led to the improvement of visual identification speed. The memory and recall process increased drivers' fixation time to cognitive objects, and the recall accuracy decreased with the increase in time interval. The increase in the number of cognitive objects resulted in the driver improving the visual identification speed for the cognitive object at the end of the sequence consciously. The results also showed that: the visual cognitive efficiency was improved in the emotional states of anger and contempt, and was decreased in the emotional states of surprise, fear, anxiety, helplessness and pleasure, and the emotional state of relief had no significant effect on the visual cognitive efficiency. The findings reveal the driver's visual information processing mechanism to a certain extent, which are of great significance to understand the inner micro-psychology of driver's cognition.
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Kim AJ, Alambeigi H, Goddard T, McDonald AD, Anderson BA. Bicyclist-evoked arousal and greater attention to bicyclists independently promote safer driving. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2021; 6:66. [PMID: 34674059 PMCID: PMC8531163 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-021-00332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While attention has consistently been shown to be biased toward threatening objects in experimental settings, our understanding of how attention is modulated when the observer is in an anxious or aroused state and how this ultimately affects behavior is limited. In real-world environments, automobile drivers can sometimes carry negative perceptions toward bicyclists that share the road. It is unclear whether bicyclist encounters on a roadway lead to physiological changes and attentional biases that ultimately influence driving behavior. Here, we examined whether participants in a high-fidelity driving simulator exhibited an arousal response in the presence of a bicyclist and how this modulated eye movements and driving behavior. We hypothesized that bicyclists would evoke a robust arousal and orienting response, the strength of which would be associated with safer driving behavior. The results revealed that encountering a bicyclist evoked negative arousal by both self-report and physiological measures. Physiological and eye-tracking measures were themselves unrelated, however, being independently associated with safer driving behavior. Our findings offer a real-world demonstration of how arousal and attentional prioritization can lead to adaptive behavior.
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5
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Wang H, Morgan C, Li D, Huang R, Schwebel DC. Children's fear in traffic and its association with pedestrian decisions. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2021; 76:56-63. [PMID: 33653569 PMCID: PMC8895428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on risk for child pedestrian injury risk focuses primarily on cognitive risk factors, but emotional states such as fear may also be relevant to injury risk. The current study examined children's perception of fear in various traffic situations and the relationship between fear perception and pedestrian decisions. METHOD 150 children aged 6-12-years old made pedestrian decisions using a table-top road model. Their perceived fear in the pedestrian context was assessed. RESULTS Children reported greater emotional fear when they faced quicker traffic, shorter distances from approaching traffic, and red rather than green traffic signals. Children who were more fearful made safer pedestrian decisions in more challenging traffic situations. However, when the least risky traffic situation was presented, fear was associated with more errors in children's pedestrian decisions: fearful children failed to cross the street when they could have done so safely. Perception of fear did not vary by child age, although safe pedestrian decisions were more common among the older children. CONCLUSIONS Children's emotional fear may predict risk-taking in traffic. When traffic situations are challenging to cross within, fear may appropriately create safer decisions. However, when the traffic situation is less risky, feelings of fear could lead to excessive caution and inefficiency. Practical applications: Child pedestrian safety interventions may benefit by incorporating activities that introduce realistic fear of traffic risks into broader safety lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Wang
- Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China.
| | - Casie Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University, Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dongqian Li
- Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China
| | - David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University, Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Kose Y, Ikenaga M, Yamada Y, Takeda N, Morimura K, Kimura M, Kiyonaga A, Higaki Y. [Physical parameters and physical function in older drivers with driving-related anxiety: the Nakagawa Study]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2020; 57:475-483. [PMID: 33268633 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.57.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether driving-related anxiety was independently associated with physical parameters and physical function in community-dwelling older people. METHODS Participants were 523 community-dwelling older drivers (353 men and 170 women). Participants self-reported driving-related anxiety when driving in familiar environments, and completed physical assessments: visual impairment, auditory impairment, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), hand grip strength, knee extension strength, timed up and go (TUG), chair stand, one leg standing with open eyes, functional reach, vertical jump, preferred gait speed and maximal gait speed. Participants were divided into a driving-related anxiety group (72.8±5.1 years; 21 men, seven women) and a no-anxiety (non-anxiety) group (70.7±4.7 years; 325 men, 163 women). We examined physical performance differences between the anxiety and non-anxiety groups using analysis of covariance, and investigated the relationship between anxiety, physical function and performance using logistic regression analysis (forward stepwise selection). RESULTS The driving-related anxiety group was significantly older, with higher rates of visual impairment, auditory impairment, and CVD than the non-anxiety group. The anxiety group exhibited independently poorer TUG and maximal gait speed (P<0.05 for both). Logistic regression analysis revealed significant relationships between anxiety and visual impairment (odds ratio [OR]: 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5-12.6), auditory impairment (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.3-7.0), TUG (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.1-1.9) and CVD (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.0-9.4) (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Driving-related anxiety was significantly associated with worse physical performance, visual impairment, auditory impairment, and CVD in community-dwelling older drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Kose
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University.,The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University
| | - Masahiro Ikenaga
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Kyoto University of Advanced Science
| | | | - Kazuhiro Morimura
- Department of Education Psychology, Faculty of Education, Shujitsu University
| | - Misaka Kimura
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Kyoto University of Advanced Science
| | - Akira Kiyonaga
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University.,The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University.,The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University
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Differences in Driving Intention Transitions Caused by Driver's Emotion Evolutions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17196962. [PMID: 32977577 PMCID: PMC7578958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17196962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Joining worldwide efforts to understand the relationship between driving emotion and behavior, the current study aimed at examining the influence of emotions on driving intention transition. In Study 1, taking a car-following scene as an example, we designed the driving experiments to obtain the driving data in drivers’ natural states, and a driving intention prediction model was constructed based on the HMM. Then, we analyzed the probability distribution and transition probability of driving intentions. In Study 2, we designed a series of emotion-induction experiments for eight typical driving emotions, and the drivers with induced emotion participated in the driving experiments similar to Study 1. Then, we obtained the driving data of the drivers in eight typical emotional states, and the driving intention prediction models adapted to the driver’s different emotional states were constructed based on the HMM severally. Finally, we analyzed the probabilistic differences of driving intention in divers’ natural states and different emotional states, and the findings showed the changing law of driving intention probability distribution and transfer probability caused by emotion evolution. The findings of this study can promote the development of driving behavior prediction technology and an active safety early warning system.
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Fischer C, Heider J, Schröder A, Taylor JE. “Help! I’m Afraid of Driving!” Review of Driving Fear and its Treatment. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Problematic driving in former service members: An evaluation of the Driving Behavior Survey in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2019; 67:102134. [PMID: 31473554 PMCID: PMC7047667 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite high levels of traffic-related mortality, injury, and impairment among former service members, measures validated to assess problematic driving in this population remain limited. The current study examined characteristics of the Driving Behavior Survey (DBS) in male veterans (76.3% White; age: M = 56.4, SD = 12.3) meeting criteria for PTSD. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated acceptable fit of a 3-factor model specifying dimensions of anxiety-based performance deficits, exaggerated safety/caution, and hostile/aggressive driving behavior. Concurrent associations with indices of anxiety, depression, trauma history, and clinician-rated PTSD were consistent with small (r = .10-.29) to medium (r = .30-.49) effects. Discriminative validity was noted through elevations in performance deficit (d = .26), safety/caution (d = .50), and hostile/aggressive (d = .39) scales relative to published data from student drivers. Scores comparable to civilian motorists with accident-related PTSD help to qualify the severity of problematic driving behavior in trauma-exposed veterans.
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10
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Lucidi F, Girelli L, Chirico A, Alivernini F, Cozzolino M, Violani C, Mallia L. Personality Traits and Attitudes Toward Traffic Safety Predict Risky Behavior Across Young, Adult, and Older Drivers. Front Psychol 2019; 10:536. [PMID: 30915011 PMCID: PMC6421299 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, several studies have investigated the role of personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety in predicting driving behaviors in diverse types of drivers across several countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies so far have investigated the possible moderating role played by age in relation to predictors of accident risk. Answering this open question would provide information about the generalizability of the model across different subpopulations and would make possible the tailoring of the interventions to specific target groups. The study involved 1,286 drivers from three different age groups (young: n = 435; adult: n = 412; old: n = 439) which completed a questionnaire measuring drivers’ personality traits (i.e., anxiety, hostility, excitement seeking, altruism, normlessness), positive attitudes toward traffic safety, risky driving behaviors (i.e., errors, lapses, and traffic violations), accident involvement and number of traffic fines issued in the last 12 months. Multi-group Variance Based Structural Equation Modeling (VB-SEM) across the three age groups showed that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the data in all the three age groups. However, some pattern of relationships between the variables varied across the three groups, for example, if considering the direct effects of personality traits on risky driving behaviors, anxiety, altruism, and normlessness predicted violations only in young and adult drivers, whereas excitement seeking was associated with lapses only in young drivers; anxiety was a positive predictor of drivers’ errors, both in adult and older drivers, whereas excitement seeking predicted errors in adult and young drivers. On the other hand, attitudes significantly and negatively predicted violations and errors in all the three age groups, whereas they significantly and negatively predicted lapses only in young and older drivers. The results of the present study provided empirical basis to develop evidence-based road safety interventions differently tailored to the specific life’s stage of the drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Violani
- Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Barnard M, Chapman P. The moderating effect of trait anxiety on anxiety-related thoughts and actions whilst driving. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Zinzow HM, Brooks JO, Rosopa PJ, Jeffirs S, Jenkins C, Seeanner J, McKeeman A, Hodges LF. Virtual Reality and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Driving Anxiety and Aggression in Veterans: A Pilot Study. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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da Costa RT, de Carvalho MR, Ribeiro P, Nardi AE. Virtual reality exposure therapy for fear of driving: analysis of clinical characteristics, physiological response, and sense of presence. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2018; 40:192-199. [PMID: 29451586 PMCID: PMC6900765 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the reactions of women with driving phobia to a therapeutic program of scheduled virtual reality exposure treatment (VRET) sessions. METHODS The study intervention consisted of a computer game with car-driving scenarios that included several traffic situations. We investigated the participants' sense of presence, subjective distress, and physiological responses during eight virtual-reality exposures. We also evaluated clinical characteristics, driving cognitions, and quality of life in the participants. RESULTS Thirteen women were selected. Eight were able to complete the protocol. After VRET, there was a decrease in the frequency of distorted thoughts and state anxiety scores, as well as a slight improvement in quality of life. Subjective discomfort scores, heart rate variation, and sense of presence scores confirmed that there was sense of presence in the virtual reality environment. CONCLUSION All patients showed some degree of improvement and demonstrated different levels of anxiety in subsequent in vivo driving experiences. Our findings suggest that VRET could be used to facilitate in vivo exposure, because it can induce presence/immersion and reduce anxiety in patients with specific phobia. Furthermore, VRET is not associated with any type of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T. da Costa
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração (LabPR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Núcleo Integrado de Pesquisas em Psicoterapia nas Abordagens Cognitivas e Comportamentais (NIPPACC), Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcele R. de Carvalho
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração (LabPR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Núcleo Integrado de Pesquisas em Psicoterapia nas Abordagens Cognitivas e Comportamentais (NIPPACC), Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio E. Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração (LabPR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Heider J, Fischer C, Schröder A. Die deutsche Version des „Driving Cognitions Questionnaire“ (DCQ). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Kenntnis spezifischer Kognitionen autofahrphobischer Patient_innen kann zum Verständnis der Ätiologie der Autofahrphobie sowie deren differentialdiagnostischer Abgrenzung beitragen. Die Modifikation dysfunktionaler Kognitionen bei Autofahrphobie ist zudem Ziel kognitiv-behavioraler Therapien. Bisher liegt jedoch kein deutschsprachiges Messinstrument vor, um spezifische Kognitionen bei Autofahrphobie zu erfassen, sodass die Skala „Driving Cognitions Questionnaire“ (DCQ) von Ehlers et al. (2007) ins Deutsche übersetzt wurde. Erfasst werden panikbezogene Sorgen, unfallbezogene Sorgen und Sorgen über die Bewertung durch Andere. Ziel ist eine psychometrische Validierung der deutschen Übersetzung des DCQ. Methode: Der DCQ wurde 98 ambulanten Psychotherapiepatient_innen sowie 843 Personen im Rahmen einer Online-Erhebung vorgelegt. Zur Validierung des deutschsprachigen Messinstruments wurde eine gekürzte Adaptation des „Driving Situations Questionnaire“ (DSQ) von Ehlers, Hofmann, Herda & Roth (1994) sowie das „Brief Symptom Inventory 18“ (BSI-18) von Franke et al. (2011) herangezogen. Dargestellt werden sowohl item- und skalentheoretische Befunde als auch faktorenanalytische Ergebnisse. Ergebnis: Die exploratorische Faktorenanalyse bestätigt die dreifaktorielle Struktur der Originalversion und konfirmatorisch führt ein bifaktorielles Modell zu einem guten Fit. Es liegen Belege für eine gute Reliabilität (.86 ≤ α ≤ .89) und Validität vor. Schlussfolgerung: Die deutsche Version des DCQ ist sowohl für Forschung als auch für die klinische Praxis einsetzbar und kann als Grundlage für weitere Untersuchungen in Bereichen der Klassifikation, Ätiologie und der Entwicklung von Behandlungsansätzen genutzt werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Heider
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Psychotherapeutische Universitätsambulanz
| | - Carolin Fischer
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Psychotherapeutische Universitätsambulanz
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, AE Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Erwachsenenalters
| | - Annette Schröder
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, AE Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Erwachsenenalters
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15
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Jawi ZM, Deros BM, Rashid AAA, Isa MHM, Awang A. The Roles and Performance of Professional Driving Instructors in Novice Driver Education. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2017; 17:e277-e285. [PMID: 29062549 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2017.17.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article aimed to analyse existing literature regarding the roles and performance of professional driving instructors (PDIs) in novice driver education (DE). A systematic classification scheme was adopted to analyse identified articles to determine the study context of PDIs in novice DE, the competency level of PDIs in relation to experienced and learner drivers and the contributions of PDIs to the novice driver learning process. A total of 14 original research articles were identified, with no systematic reviews or meta-analyses available. Overall, all of the articles were found to be inadequate in providing an in-depth understanding of the roles and performance of PDIs in novice DE. There is an urgent need to improve current understanding of the roles of PDIs in novice DE and to work towards an internationally recognised PDI management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulhaidi M Jawi
- Department of Vehicle Safety & Biomechanics, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Baba M Deros
- Centre for Automotive Research, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad A A Rashid
- Department of Vehicle Safety & Biomechanics, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd H M Isa
- Department of Vehicle Safety & Biomechanics, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Awang
- Road Transport Department, Akademi Pengangkutan Jalan Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia
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16
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Zinzow HM, Jeffirs SM. Driving Aggression and Anxiety: Intersections, Assessment, and Interventions. J Clin Psychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Araújo AHD, Borloti E, Haydu VB. Ansiedade em Provas: um Estudo na Obtenção da Licença para Dirigir. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703000592014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Situações de avaliação geram ansiedade e dentre elas está a prova prática de direção para a obtenção da licença para dirigir, essa ansiedade pode perturbar o desempenho e impedir a obtenção da habilitação. O presente estudo visou analisar: (a) a fundamentação teórica que embasa a intervenção terapêutica em casos de ansiedade em avaliações e provas; e (b) o processo terapêutico de uma cliente que procurou terapia comportamental após tentativas fracassadas na obtenção da licença para dirigir. A relevância da análise funcional da ansiedade e dos repertórios de enfrentamento da ansiedade foi considerada. Em seguida, um estudo de caso foi relatado: uma paciente com um histórico de seis reprovações no teste prático para a obtenção da licença para dirigir e níveis altos de ansiedade. Esse estudo demonstrou que um preparo apropriado e a intervenção terapêutica contribuíram para reduzir a ansiedade e promover a condição necessária para a obtenção da licença para dirigir. Estudos adicionais deverão ser realizados de modo a se obter uma melhor compreensão da relação entre a ansiedade e o desempenho, especialmente no que diz respeito ao processo de obtenção de uma licença para dirigir.
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18
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Barnard MP, Chapman P. Are anxiety and fear separable emotions in driving? A laboratory study of behavioural and physiological responses to different driving environments. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 86:99-107. [PMID: 26536073 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Research into anxiety and driving has indicated that those higher in anxiety are potentially more dangerous on the roads. However, simulator findings suggest that conclusions are mixed at best. It is possible that anxiety is becoming confused with fear, which has a focus on more clearly defined sources of threat from the environment, as opposed to the internal, thought-related process associated with anxiety. This research aimed to measure feelings of fear, as well as physiological and attentional reactions to increasing levels of accident risk. Trait anxiety was also measured to see if it interacted with levels of risk or its associated reactions. Participants watched videos of driving scenarios with varying levels of accident risk and had to rate how much fear they would feel if they were the driver of the car, whilst skin conductance, heart rate, and eye movements were recorded. Analysis of the data suggested that perceptions of fear increased with increasing levels of accident risk, and skin conductance reflected this pattern. Eye movements, when considered alongside reaction times, indicated different patterns of performance according to different dangerous situations. These effects were independent of trait anxiety, which was only associated with higher rates of disliking driving and use of maladaptive coping mechanisms on questionnaires. It is concluded that these results could provide useful evidence in support for training-based programmes; it may also be beneficial to study trait anxiety within a more immersive driving environment and on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Barnard
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - P Chapman
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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19
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Whipple EK, Schultheis MT, Robinson KM. Preliminary findings of a novel measure of driving behaviors in Veterans with comorbid TBI and PTSD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 53:827-838. [PMID: 28273325 DOI: 10.1682/jrrd.2015.09.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Veterans of the military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan are at an elevated risk of driving-related accidents and fatalities compared with civilians. Combat exposure, military driving training, risk-seeking, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are all factors associated with driving-related risk. However, few empirical studies have observed driving patterns in this population, and the influence of these contributing factors remains unclear. This study utilized a novel self-report measure to assess driving behaviors, subjective driving-related anxiety, and the emotional experiences of military Veterans who have returned to civilian driving. This questionnaire was completed by 23 combat Veterans diagnosed with comorbid TBI and PTSD and 10 nondisabled combat Veterans. Drivers with TBI and PTSD reported more frequent high-risk driving behaviors and higher levels of anxiety while driving in certain situations than nondisabled combat Veterans. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of studying on-the-road situations and cues that produce anxiety in Veterans, particularly those with TBI and PTSD. A greater understanding of driving-related anxiety is needed to inform targeted and effective interventions for unsafe driving in Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Whipple
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Keith M Robinson
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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20
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OliSan GOS, Almeida Cantini J, de Carvalho MR, Cardoso A. Psychometric evidence of the Brazilian version of Driving Cognitions Questionnaire (DCQ). Compr Psychiatry 2015; 60:156-60. [PMID: 25799464 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examined the psychometric data obtained by the Brazilian version DCQ (Driving Cognitions Questionnaire) and its convergence with DBS (Driving Behavior Survey). The research included 187 participants of both genders, aged between 19 and 79years (mean 34years), with driving license in category 'B' (cars). The internal consistency obtained by research (Cronbach's alpha) was α=0.96 for full DCQ; α=0.89 for the subscale panic in the direction, α=0.91 for the subscale of concern in causing accidents and α=0.92 for the subscale of social concern. Psychometrically the results are positive and confirm the relevance of using the instrument. The survey also found positive convergence (although less pronounced) with the DBS, which is another instrument that comes to difficulties when driving or dealing with traffic or driving a car. Thus, this article demonstrates psychometric results that point to the profitable use of the Brazilian version of DCQ as an adjunct in the diagnosis of difficulty in driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Oliveira Santos OliSan
- Laboratory of Thanatology and Psychiatry in other Medical Conditions, Institute of Psychology-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jessye Almeida Cantini
- Laboratory of Thanatology and Psychiatry in other Medical Conditions, Institute of Psychology-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Adriana Cardoso
- Laboratory of Thanatology and Psychiatry in other Medical Conditions, Institute of Psychology-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Baker AS, Litwack SD, Clapp JD, Beck JG, Sloan DM. The driving behavior survey as a measure of behavioral stress responses to MVA-related PTSD. Behav Ther 2014; 45:444-53. [PMID: 24800313 PMCID: PMC4088934 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous treatments are available that address the core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there are a number of related behavioral stress responses that are not assessed with PTSD measures, yet these behavioral stress responses affect quality of life. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether a recently developed measure of behavioral stress response, the Driving Behavior Survey (DBS), was sensitive to change associated with treatment among a group of participants diagnosed with PTSD. The DBS indexes anxious driving behavior, which is frequently observed among individuals with motor vehicle accident-related PTSD. Participants (n = 40) were racially diverse adults (M age = 40.78, 63% women) who met diagnostic criteria for motor vehicle accident-related PTSD. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that participants who were assigned to a brief, exposure-based intervention displayed significant reductions on the DBS subscales relative to participants assigned to the wait-list control condition (r = .41–.43). Moreover, mediational analyses indicated that the observed reductions on the DBS subscales were not better accounted for by reductions in PTSD. Taken together, these findings suggest that the DBS subscales are sensitive to changes associated with PTSD treatment and can be used to augment outcome assessment in PTSD treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S. Baker
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of
Medicine and University of LaVerne
| | - Scott D. Litwack
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of
Medicine
| | | | | | - Denise M. Sloan
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston
University School of Medicine
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22
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Baker AS, Litwack SD, Clapp JD, Beck JG, Sloan DM. The Driving Behavior Survey as a measure of behavioral stress responses to MVA-related PTSD. Behav Ther 2014; 45:263-72. [PMID: 24491201 PMCID: PMC3974157 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous treatments are available that address the core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there are a number of related behavioral stress responses that are not assessed with PTSD measures, yet these behavioral stress responses affect quality of life. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether a recently developed measure of behavioral stress response, the Driving Behavior Survey (DBS), was sensitive to change associated with treatment among a group of participants diagnosed with PTSD. The DBS indexes anxious driving behavior, which is frequently observed among individuals with motor vehicle accident-related PTSD. Participants (n=40) were racially diverse adults (M age=40.78, 63% women) who met diagnostic criteria for motor vehicle accident-related PTSD. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that participants who were assigned to a brief, exposure-based intervention displayed significant reductions on the DBS subscales relative to participants assigned to the wait-list control condition (r=.41-.43). Moreover, mediational analyses indicated that the observed reductions on the DBS subscales were not better accounted for by reductions in PTSD. Taken together, these findings suggest that the DBS subscales are sensitive to changes associated with PTSD treatment and can be used to augment outcome assessment in PTSD treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Baker
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University and University of LaVerne
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23
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Costa RTD, Carvalho MRD, Cantini J, Freire RCDR, Nardi AE. Demographics, clinical characteristics and quality of life of Brazilian women with driving phobia. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:374-9. [PMID: 24238932 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Driving phobia is associated with serious consequences such as restriction of freedom, career impairments and social embarrassment. The main objective of this paper is to compare clinical characteristics and quality of life between women with driving phobia and women without this phobia. These factors were assessed using structured interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, scales and inventories. We accessed diagnoses, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, anxiety traits, driving cognitions and quality of life. There was no difference between groups with regard to demographic data and driving history. Both groups were also equivalent in the number of traumatic events and accidents experienced while driving or riding. The fear of driving group showed higher state and trait anxiety scores. A high frequency of cognitive distortions can explain why people with driving phobia often engage in maladaptive safety behaviors in an attempt to protect themselves from unpredicted dangers when driving. Regarding quality of life, the control group had slightly higher scores on all subscales, but significant differences were observed for only three scales: "functional capacity", "social aspects", and "mental health". More studies with larger samples more instruments and other contexts are needed to further investigate the clinical characteristics and personality traits of people who have a fear of driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T da Costa
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT - CNPq), Rua José Higino, 164, 30220520202 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcele Regine de Carvalho
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT - CNPq), Rua José Higino, 164, 30220520202 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jessye Cantini
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT - CNPq), Rua José Higino, 164, 30220520202 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Christophe da Rocha Freire
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT - CNPq), Rua José Higino, 164, 30220520202 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT - CNPq), Rua José Higino, 164, 30220520202 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Clapp JD, Baker AS, Litwack SD, Sloan DM, Beck JG. Properties of the Driving Behavior Survey among individuals with motor vehicle accident-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2014; 28:1-7. [PMID: 24325891 PMCID: PMC4026290 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Data suggest anxious drivers may engage in problematic behaviors that place themselves and others at increased risk of negative traffic events. Three domains of problematic behavior--exaggerated safety/caution, performance deficits, and hostile/aggressive behaviors--previously were identified during development of the Driving Behavior Survey (DBS), a novel measure of anxiety-related behavior. Extending this research, the current study examined the psychometric properties of DBS scores among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subsequent to motor vehicle trauma (N=40). Internal consistencies and 12-week test-retest reliabilities for DBS scales ranged from good to excellent. Comparison of scores to normative student data indicated dose-response relationships for safety/caution and performance deficit subscales, with increased frequency of anxious behavior occurring within the PTSD sample. Associations with standard clinical measures provide additional evidence for anxiety-related driving behavior as a unique marker of functional impairment, distinct from both avoidance and disorder-specific symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Clapp
- University of Wyoming, Department of Psychology, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, United States.
| | - Aaron S Baker
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System and, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States.
| | - Scott D Litwack
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System and, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States.
| | - Denise M Sloan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System and, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States.
| | - J Gayle Beck
- University of Memphis., Department of Psychology, 202 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, United States.
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25
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Lu J, Xie X, Zhang R. Focusing on appraisals: how and why anger and fear influence driving risk perception. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2013; 45:65-73. [PMID: 23708477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present research explores how and why anger and fear influence driving risk perception. METHODS Based on appraisal tendency framework, researchers hypothesized that anger and fear would influence driving risk perception in opposite directions due to their differences in appraisals. RESULTS Study 1 showed that anger reduced risk perception, whereas fear increased it. In Studies 2, 3, and 4, the researchers adopted the paradigm of reappraisal to investigate the causes of the opposite effects found in Study 1. Consistent with our hypothesis, appraisals accounted for these effects: After reappraisals along the dimensions of certainty (Study 2), control (Study 3), and responsibility (Study 4), the different effects between anger and fear on driving risk perception diminished or disappeared. In addition, fearful or angry experience mediated the effects of reappraisals on driving risk perception. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY The findings highlight the necessity to differentiate anger and fear in road safety management. Additionally, the current research also provides feasible methods (e.g., certainty, control, or responsibility reappraisal) to intervene in driving risk perception, which is important for driving safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Lu
- Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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26
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Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory: The impact of FFFS and stress on driving. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Hood HK, Antony MM. Evidence-Based Assessment and Treatment of Specific Phobias in Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3253-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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28
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Factors contributing to anxious driving behavior: the role of stress history and accident severity. J Anxiety Disord 2011; 25:592-8. [PMID: 21377829 PMCID: PMC3075497 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although fear and travel avoidance among anxious drivers are well documented, relatively little is known about the behavior of anxious individuals who continue to drive. Previous research has identified three broad domains of anxious driving behavior: exaggerated safety/caution behaviors, anxiety-based performance deficits, and hostile/aggressive driving behaviors. In an effort to explicate factors associated with the development of anxious driving behavior, associations with objective accident severity, accident-related distress, and life stress history were explored among individuals reporting accident involvement (N=317). Interactive effects of accident distress and self-reported stress history were noted across all three domains of anxious driving behavior. Examination of these effects indicates unique associations between accident distress and anxious behavior only in those reporting more severe life stress. Consistent with contemporary models of anxiety, these data suggest stress history may serve as a general vulnerability factor for development of anxious driving behavior following accident involvement.
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Taylor JE, Alpass F, Stephens C, Towers A. Driving anxiety and fear in young older adults in New Zealand. Age Ageing 2011; 40:62-6. [PMID: 21087989 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afq154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND driving anxiety and fear can have a marked impact on mobility and independence, although there is no data on the prevalence of this problem, and specific information about the rate of driving anxiety and fear in older adults is unknown. METHODS the present study examines the prevalence of self-reported driving anxiety and fear in a sample of 2,491 adults aged 55-72 from a longitudinal survey of health and ageing in New Zealand. RESULTS most of the sample (90%) described themselves as drivers who drove daily or weekly. Around 70% of the sample reported no driving anxiety or fear, yet 17-20% endorsed a mild and 4-6% rated a moderate to severe level of driving anxiety and fear. Women reported higher levels of anxiety and fear about driving than men, but there were no age differences. Those who reported some level of driving anxiety engaged various alternative modes of transport, and a small number (2.4%) reported that their driving anxiety had affected their usual activities or work for at least a day in the previous month. Duration of driving anxiety was highly variable, from relatively recent onset to being present for much of some participants' lifetimes. CONCLUSION driving anxiety and fear may be a significant problem for some young older adults that is likely to affect their independence and mobility. Further research to clarify the content and nature of driving anxiety, pathways to driving anxiety and the effect of factors associated with ageing on driving anxiety is needed in order to better understand this experience for older adults and develop effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Taylor
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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30
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Clapp JD, Olsen SA, Beck JG, Palyo SA, Grant DM, Gudmundsdottir B, Marques L. The Driving Behavior Survey: scale construction and validation. J Anxiety Disord 2011; 25:96-105. [PMID: 20832988 PMCID: PMC3006470 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although long recognized in the clinical literature, problematic behavior characteristic of anxious drivers has received little empirical attention. The current research details development of a measure of anxious driving behavior conducted across three studies. Factor analytic techniques identified three dimensions of maladaptive behaviors across three college samples: anxiety-based performance deficits, exaggerated safety/caution behavior, and anxiety-related hostile/aggressive behavior. Performance deficits evidenced convergent associations with perceived driving skill and were broadly related to driving fear. Safety/caution behaviors demonstrated convergence with overt travel avoidance, although this relationship was inconsistent across studies. Safety/caution scores were associated specifically with accident- and social-related driving fears. Hostile/aggressive behaviors evidenced convergent relationships with driving anger and were associated specifically with accident-related fear. Internal consistencies were adequate, although some test-retest reliabilities were marginal in the unselected college sample. These data provide preliminary evidence for utility of the measure for both research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Clapp
- University at Buffalo - SUNY, Department of Psychology, Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States.
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31
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Costa RTD, Carvalho MRD, Nardi AE. Virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of driving phobia. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722010000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of researches has appeared on virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) to treat anxiety disorders. The purpose of this article was to review some evidences that support the VRET efficacy to treat driving phobia. The studies were identified through computerized search (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scielo databases) from 1984 to 2007. Some findings are promising. Anxiety/avoidance ratings declined from pre to post-treatment. VRET may be used as a first step in the treatment of driving phobia, as long as it may facilitate the in vivo exposure, thus reducing risks and high costs of such exposure. Notwithstanding, more randomized/controlled clinical trials are required to prove its efficacy.
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32
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Leung J, Deane FP, Taylor JE, Bliokas VV. Anxiety in driving assessment of individuals with cognitive impairment. Disabil Rehabil 2009; 31:1700-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09638280902738581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Shahar A. Self-reported driving behaviors as a function of trait anxiety. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2009; 41:241-245. [PMID: 19245881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined self-reported driving behaviors in 120 (Israeli) male drivers as a function of trait anxiety (TA). TA was assessed through the TA scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. For the analysis of driving behaviors, the present study used the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and adopted previous distinctions between four classes of behaviors within the DBQ: errors, lapses, ordinary violations and aggressive violations. Regression analyses revealed that level of TA had a significant direct positive effect on all dependent variables, suggesting riskier driving behaviors among high-anxious individuals. Significant logarithmic effects for all measures indicate that these aberrant driving behaviors increase more at increasing LTA-, than at increasing HTA-values. Consistent with the general adverse effects of anxiety on performance effectiveness, the present findings as well, are interpreted in the framework of theories which suggest that worries occupy the capacities of working memory, at the expense of the task to be performed. The positive relation between aggressive violations and TA is sought to reflect low levels of emotional adjustment among high-anxious individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shahar
- The Phoenix Road Safety Studies, The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
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34
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Taylor JE, Deane FP, Podd J. Diagnostic Features, Symptom Severity, and Help-Seeking in a Media-Recruited Sample of Women with Driving Fear. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-006-9032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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