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Marchetti I, Alloy LB, Koster EH. Breaking the vise of hopelessness: Targeting its components, antecedents, and context. Int J Cogn Ther 2023; 16:285-319. [PMID: 39131585 PMCID: PMC11314313 DOI: 10.1007/s41811-023-00165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Hopelessness is a painful cognitive state that is related to depression and suicide. Despite its importance, only unsystematic efforts have been made to specifically target hopelessness in interventions, and no comprehensive review is currently available to guide future clinical studies. In this narrative review, we first analyze the phenomenon of hopelessness, by highlighting its components (e.g., dismal expectations, blocked goal-directed processing, and helplessness), antecedents (e.g., inferential styles), and contextual factors (e.g., loneliness and reduced social support). Then, we review the currently available interventions and manipulations that target these mechanisms, either directly or indirectly, and we highlight both their strengths and lacunae. Finally, we propose possible avenues to improve our clinical toolbox for breaking the vise of hopelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Marchetti
- University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Via Edoardo Weiss 21, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Temple University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Ernst H.W. Koster
- Ghent University, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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4
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Kirtley OJ, Lafit G, Vaessen T, Decoster J, Derom C, Gülöksüz S, De Hert M, Jacobs N, Menne-Lothmann C, Rutten BPF, Thiery E, van Os J, van Winkel R, Wichers M, Myin-Germeys I. The relationship between daily positive future thinking and past-week suicidal ideation in youth: An experience sampling study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:915007. [PMID: 36245862 PMCID: PMC9556869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced positive future thinking has been associated with suicidal ideation and behavior in adults, and appears to be exacerbated by negative affect. Yet, this has received little attention in youth. Prior research has also focused on longer-term future thinking, e.g., months and years, and relied on lab-based assessments. Using the experience sampling method (ESM), we investigated whether short-term future thinking in daily life was associated with suicidal ideation in youth and explored the role of affect in the future thinking-suicidal ideation relationship. A community sample of N = 722 adolescent twins and their non-twin siblings completed ESM as part of the TwinssCan study (n = 55 with, and n = 667 without, past-week suicidal ideation). Participants completed self-report questionnaires, including on past-week suicidal ideation as part of the SCL-90. Subsequently, daily future thinking was assessed each morning for six days with ESM. To investigate the relationship between daily positive future thinking and past-week suicidal ideation, we estimated a mixed-effects linear regression model with a random intercept for participant, including age and sex as covariates. The relationship between daily positive future thinking, past-week suicidal ideation, and average positive and negative affect from the previous day was investigated by estimating two separate mixed-effects linear regression models (one for negative affect, one for positive affect), with a random intercept for participant, and random slopes for average positive and negative affect. Our results showed that participants reporting higher past-week suicidal ideation also reported significantly less daily positive future thinking during the ESM period, and this association remained significant when controlling for previous-day average positive and negative affect. Higher average positive affect from the previous day was significantly associated with higher positive future thinking. Although average negative affect from the previous day was associated with lower positive future thinking, this association was not statistically significant. Our findings indicate that short-term future thinking relates to suicidal ideation among a non-clinical sample of adolescents. Future research should investigate the directionality of the future thinking-suicidal ideation relationship, in order to investigate whether impaired future thinking may be an early warning signal for escalating suicidal ideation in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Kirtley
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Child and Youth Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ginette Lafit
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, Center for eHealth and Well-being Research, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Catherine Derom
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sinan Gülöksüz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Marc De Hert
- Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Antwerp Health Law and Ethics Chair, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Menne-Lothmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- University Psychiatric Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Child and Youth Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kelliher Rabon J, Webb JR, Chang EC, Hirsch JK. Forgiveness and suicidal behavior in primary care: Mediating role of future orientation. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2018.1469454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kelliher Rabon
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University College of Arts and Sciences, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jon R. Webb
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University College of Arts and Sciences, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Edward C. Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jameson K. Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University College of Arts and Sciences, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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An integrative study of motivation and goal regulation processes in subclinical anxiety, depression and hypomania. Psychiatry Res 2017; 256:6-12. [PMID: 28618249 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Research has implicated motivation and goal regulation in susceptibility to mood disorders. We studied for the first time key facets of motivation and goal regulation concurrently in relation to affective symptoms. The cross-national sample comprised 510 university students from the United States (n = 279) and United Kingdom (n = 231). Participants completed self-report measures of motivation, conditional goal setting, urgency, depression, anxiety, and mania risk. Structural Equation Modeling results found that behavioral activation system scores correlated negatively with depression and positively with mania risk, but were unrelated to anxiety. High conditional goal setting correlated uniquely with higher depression but not to anxiety or mania risk. Urgency correlated with higher anxiety, depression, and mania risk. Behavioral inhibition system scores correlated negatively with mania risk but unexpectedly did not correlate with anxiety in the multivariate model. The behavioral activation, behavioral inhibition, conditional goal setting, and urgency results showed shared and distinct patterns of relationships with depression, anxiety and mania risk. Our findings indicate unique and common risk vulnerabilities in depressive, anxious, and manic syndromes and extend an integrative knowledge of these syndromes in relation to goal regulation.
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Roepke AM, Seligman MEP. Depression and prospection. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 55:23-48. [PMID: 26096347 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prospection, the mental representation of possible futures, is usually adaptive. When it goes awry, however, it disrupts emotion and motivation. A negative view of the future is typically seen as one symptom of depression, but we suggest that such negative prospection is the core causal element of depression. Here, we describe the empirical evidence supporting this framework, and we explore the implications for clinical interventions. METHODS We integrate several literatures: Using the database PsycInfo, we retrieved empirical studies with the keywords prospection, prediction, expectation, pessimism, mental simulation, future-thinking, future-directed thinking, foresight, and/or mental time travel, in conjunction with depression, depressed, or depressive. RESULTS Three kinds of faulty prospection, taken together, could drive depression: Poor generation of possible futures, poor evaluation of possible futures, and negative beliefs about the future. Depressed mood and poor functioning, in turn, may maintain faulty prospection and feed a vicious cycle. Future-oriented treatment strategies drawn from cognitive-behavioural therapy help to fix poor prospection, and they deserve to be developed further. CONCLUSIONS Prospection-based techniques may lead to transdiagnostic treatment strategies for depression and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Roepke
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin E P Seligman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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