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Shao S, Li L, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhang X. Research progress on the role of mindfulness in intervention for adolescent obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1412522. [PMID: 39234508 PMCID: PMC11371582 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1412522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of the increasingly serious background of overweight and obesity rates among adolescents in China, mindfulness, as an emerging therapeutic approach, has shown its unique effectiveness. This article reviewed the research progress of mindfulness in the intervention of adolescent obesity, summarized its effects on improving physiological and psychological indicators, and listed the different options for implementing mindfulness therapy. These studies supported the preliminary effectiveness of mindfulness in the intervention of adolescent obesity, providing a basis for mindfulness to become a new approach for obesity intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linda Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sonmez AI, Garcia JQ, Thitiseranee L, Blacker CJ, Lewis CP. Scoping Review: Transdiagnostic Measurement of Impulsivity Domains in Youth Using the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scales. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:789-812. [PMID: 38552900 PMCID: PMC11283967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors impacting youth. A scoping review was conducted to characterize existing research using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scales in youth populations, to review the psychometric and validity data of UPPS, and to summarize findings related to sex/gender and diagnostic populations of youth. METHOD PubMed, Embase, and PsycNET databases were searched from January 1, 2001 (original UPPS publication) through October 2, 2022, according to PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Articles were reviewed for inclusion/exclusion by 2 authors. Original research articles in English using any UPPS version or subscale in persons aged ≤21 years were included. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met by 45 articles, with low bias and moderate-to-high quality. Most were cross-sectional studies; studies investigated diverse community and clinical samples. The UPPS demonstrated consistent factor structure, good reliability, and good external validity with other measures of impulsive behaviors and conditions associated with impaired impulse control. Some studies observed differences in UPPS domain scores between sex/gender groups or differential patterns in relationships between UPPS domains and clinical variables. UPPS subscale scores often differed in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorders, substance use, and excess weight/obesity compared with control youth. UPPS domains commonly had interactions with sex/gender, sociodemographic, and diagnosis-related variables. CONCLUSION The current literature suggests that the UPPS has utility in measuring distinct components of impulsivity in clinical and nonclinical populations of youth. Specificity in discriminating diagnostic groups and predicting risk currently remains uncertain. Further research is needed to integrate UPPS measures with experimental models and additional neurobiological methods and to assess longitudinal developmental trajectories. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors and mental health disorders that impact youth. The Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scale has been increasingly used in research to measure deficits in impulse control. In this scoping review the authors examined 45 studies that used versions of the UPPS to measure different domains of impulsivity in youth aged 21 years and younger. The authors found evidence in the literature for the validity and reliability of the UPPS and its variants in measuring impulsivity in youth. Certain patterns of UPPS subscale scores corresponded with clinical behaviors and diagnoses including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, substance use, and excessive weight/obesity. Despite this, there remain gaps in the literature regarding the stability of UPPS measures over time and ability of the UPPS to predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caren J Blacker
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Charles P Lewis
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Pearlstein JG, Johnson SL, Timpano KR, Stamatis CA, Robison M, Carver CS. Emotion-related impulsivity across transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology. J Pers 2024; 92:342-360. [PMID: 36807053 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several dimensions have received attention for their potential role in explaining shared variance in transdiagnostic symptoms of psychopathology. We hypothesized emotion-related impulsivity, the trait-like tendency toward difficulty restraining responses to emotion, would relate to symptoms of psychopathology, with two separable dimensions of emotion-related impulsivity relating distinctly to internalizing and externalizing symptoms. METHOD Across two studies, we tested hypotheses using structural equation models of emotion-related impulsivity and multiple indicators of internalizing, externalizing, and thought symptoms. RESULTS In Study 1 (658 undergraduates), emotion-related impulsivity was highly correlated with the general psychopathology (p) factor. In study 2 (421 Mechanical Turk participants), models did not support a general p factor; however, we replicated the hypothesized associations of emotion-related impulsivity dimensions with internalizing and externalizing factors. Across both studies, forms of emotion-related impulsivity uniquely and differentially related to internalizing and externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate emotion-related impulsivity may help explain transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology, such as the p factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Pearlstein
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Caitlin A Stamatis
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, USA
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Horvath SA, Keel PK, Forney KJ. Examining negative urgency as a predictor of eating disorder maintenance in purging syndromes. J Clin Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38554059 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative urgency is associated with short-term maintenance of binge eating and purging in unselected samples. The current study used an eating disorder sample to test the hypothesis that negative urgency maintains bulimia nervosa (BN) and purging disorder (PD) at long-term follow-up. It was also hypothesized that baseline differences in negative urgency between BN and PD would remain at follow-up. METHODS Secondary analyses were conducted on a sample of women who engaged in recurrent self-induced vomiting (n = 68; 52.9% BN; 47.1% PD). Women completed diagnostic interviews and questionnaires at baseline and at a mean (SD) of 5.95 (1.58) years follow-up (range = 2.51-9.62; retention rate = 75%). RESULTS Negative urgency did not predict eating disorder diagnostic status, recovery status, or global eating pathology at follow-up (p's = .06-.83). There were no significant differences in negative urgency across women with BN and PD at follow-up (p = .16). However, post hoc analyses indicated that negative urgency was not stable across time (ICC = .102). Increases in negative urgency from baseline to follow-up were associated with greater global eating pathology at follow-up (p = .002). CONCLUSION Results suggest negative urgency does not predict long-term eating disorder maintenance. Negative urgency may not be a stable personality trait but rather an indicator of overall poor emotion regulation. Future research should confirm that changes in negative urgency predict chronic eating pathology over long durations of follow-up in women who have increasing negative urgency across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Horvath
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Pamela K Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - K Jean Forney
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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Hastings WL, Willbrand EH, Elliott MV, Johnson SL, Weiner KS. Emotion-related impulsivity is related to orbitofrontal cortical sulcation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.574481. [PMID: 38293163 PMCID: PMC10827079 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.574481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Emotion-related impulsivity (ERI) describes the trait-like tendency toward poor self-control when experiencing strong emotions. ERI has been shown to be elevated across psychiatric disorders and predictive of the onset and worsening of psychiatric syndromes. Recent work has correlated ERI scores with the neuroanatomy of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Informed by a growing body of research indicating that the morphology of cortical folds (sulci) can produce insights into behavioral outcomes, the present study modeled the association between ERI and the sulcal morphology of OFC at a finer scale than previously conducted. Methods Analyses were conducted in a transdiagnostic sample of 118 individuals with a broad range of psychiatric syndromes. We first manually defined over 2000 sulci across the 118 participants. We then implemented a model-based LASSO regression to relate OFC sulcal morphology to ERI and test whether effects were specific to ERI as compared to non-emotion-related impulsivity. Results The LASSO regression revealed bilateral associations of ERI with the depth of eight OFC sulci. These effects were specific to ERI and were not observed in non-emotion-related impulsivity. In addition, we identified a new transverse component of the olfactory sulcus in every hemisphere that is dissociable from the longitudinal component based on anatomical features and correlation with behavior, which could serve as a new transdiagnostic biomarker. Conclusions The results of this data-driven investigation provide greater neuroanatomical and neurodevelopmental specificity on how OFC is related to ERI. As such, findings link neuroanatomical characteristics to a trait that is highly predictive of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Hastings
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - Ethan H. Willbrand
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Matthew V. Elliott
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - Sheri L. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, US
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Xu EP, Li J, Zapetis SL, Keefe K, Trull TJ, Stange JP. Momentary impulsivity interferes with emotion regulation strategy prioritization in everyday life in remitted depression. Behav Res Ther 2024; 172:104424. [PMID: 38103360 PMCID: PMC10843662 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selectively prioritizing some emotion regulation (ER) strategies over others has been shown to predict well-being; however, it is unclear what mechanisms underlie this process. Impulsivity, which captures both top-down control of and bottom-up reactivity to emotions, is one potential mechanism of interest. METHODS Using multilevel mediation modeling, we investigated whether lower ER strategy prioritization (i.e., lower between-strategy variability) mediates the relationship between greater momentary impulsivity and lower ER success in 82 individuals with remitted depression or no history of a mental disorder (1558 observations). To determine the specific effect of impulsivity, we covaried for mean regulatory effort and negative affect. RESULTS The indirect effect of impulsivity on ER success was significant at the within-person, but not between-person, level. Specifically, in moments when individuals endorsed more impulsivity than usual, they showed less ER strategy prioritization than usual, which predicted less successful ER. Individuals who, on average, reported more impulsivity indicated lower ER strategy prioritization, but no difference in ER success. CONCLUSION ER strategy prioritization mediated the within-person relationship between greater impulsivity and lower ER success. Interventions focused on training individuals to selectively prioritize ER strategies may improve ER success, particularly when individuals are feeling more impulsive than usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie P Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Sarah L Zapetis
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Kaley Keefe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Timothy J Trull
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Jonathan P Stange
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, United States.
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Rosenthal EA, Broos HC, Timpano KR, Johnson SL. Does Emotion-Related Impulsivity Relate to Specific ADHD Symptom Dimensions, and Do the Effects Generalize Across Comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing Syndromes? J Atten Disord 2024; 28:178-188. [PMID: 37961911 PMCID: PMC10751976 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231210283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent work highlights the role of emotion dysregulation in the pathology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). As such, emotion-related impulsivity (ERI), the trait-like tendency toward disinhibited thoughts (Pervasive Influence of Feelings, PIF) and actions (Feelings Trigger Action, FTA) during heightened emotional states, may be particularly relevant. We explored whether Inattention (IN) and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (HI), two core symptom dimensions of ADHD, would relate to distinct facets of ERI, and whether externalizing and internalizing symptoms would moderate these relations. METHOD Using structural equation modeling, we examined hypotheses among 364 adults recruited for high internalizing and externalizing symptoms. RESULTS We identified significant paths for FTA regressed on HI and PIF regressed on IN, supporting our hypotheses about main effects. Moderating paths were not significant. CONCLUSIONS IN and HI correlate with distinct forms of ERI, These effects appear to generalize across co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Meiering MS, Weigner D, Enge S, Grimm S. Transdiagnostic phenomena of psychopathology in the context of the RDoC: protocol of a multimodal cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:297. [PMID: 37770998 PMCID: PMC10540421 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, affective and cognitive processes related to psychopathology have been examined within the boundaries of phenotype-based diagnostic labels, which has led to inconsistent findings regarding their underlying operating principles. Investigating these processes dimensionally in healthy individuals and by means of multiple modalities may provide additional insights into the psychological and neuronal mechanisms at their core. The transdiagnostic phenomena Neuroticism and Rumination are known to be closely linked. However, the exact nature of their relationship remains to be elucidated. The same applies to the associations between Hedonic Capacity, Negativity Bias and different Emotion Regulation strategies.This multimodal cross-sectional study examines the relationship of the transdiagnostic phenomena Neuroticism and Rumination as well as Hedonic Capacity, the Negativity Bias and Emotion Regulation from a RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) perspective. A total of 120 currently healthy subjects (past 12 months) will complete several questionnaires regarding personality, emotion regulation, hedonic capacity, and psychopathologies as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during cognitive and emotional processing, to obtain data on the circuit, behavioral and self-report level.This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between cognitive and affective processes associated with psychopathologies as well as their neuronal correlates. Ultimately, a grounded understanding of these processes could guide improvement of diagnostic labels and treatments. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and the limited variability in psychopathology scores due to the restriction of the sample to currently healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin S Meiering
- Department of Natural Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David Weigner
- Department of Natural Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Enge
- Department of Natural Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Department of Natural Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sadr-Salek S, Costa AP, Steffgen G. Psychological Treatments for Hyperactivity and Impulsivity in Children with ADHD: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1613. [PMID: 37892276 PMCID: PMC10605405 DOI: 10.3390/children10101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of the ADHD types (hyperactive-impulsive, inattentive, and combined) in children has rarely been studied separately, although their prognostic courses differ widely. In addition, data show that improvements in hyperactivity/impulsivity are hard to achieve. Thus, we focused on treatments tailored to hyperactivity/impulsivity. We examined meta-analyses and systematic reviews within the inter- and intra-individual treatments and found that psychoeducation and training for parents, school-based interventions, reinforcement strategies, and neurofeedback consistently showed small to moderate effect sizes in reducing hyperactivity/impulsivity in children. Conversely, emotional self-regulation, social skills, and cognitive trainings showed unsatisfactory results. In summary, we found that the quality of usual care can be surpassed when the designated interventions are purposefully combined into a multimodal treatment program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Sadr-Salek
- Service Psychologique, Solidarité Jeunes asbl—Haus 13, 48, rue Victor Hugo, L-4140 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Andreia P. Costa
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, MSH, 11 Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Georges Steffgen
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, MSH, 11 Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
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Quinn ME, Shields GS. The Insidious Influence of Stress: An Integrated Model of Stress, Executive Control, and Psychopathology. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:773-800. [PMID: 37701497 PMCID: PMC10497220 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221149736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Although exposure to acute stress undoubtedly contributes to psychopathology, most individuals do not develop psychopathology following stress exposure. To explain this, biological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress have been implicated, but individual differences in executive control (i.e., top-down control of cognition and behavior) measured in response to stress has only recently emerged as a potential factor contributing to psychopathology. In this review, we introduce a model-the integrated model of stress, executive control, and psychopathology-positing how the impairing effects of acute stress on executive control can contribute to psychopathology. We link to research on biological, emotional, and cognitive processes, all of which can be impacted by executive control, to propose a framework for how poorer executive control under conditions of acute stress can contribute to psychopathology. This integrated model is intended to further our understanding of who is more susceptible to the negative consequences of stress.
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Rezende G, Le Stanc L, Menu I, Cassotti M, Aïte A, Salvia E, Houdé O, Borst G, Cachia A. Differential effects of mindfulness meditation and cognitive training on cool and hot inhibitory control in children and adolescents. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 235:105741. [PMID: 37441988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) can occur either in a neutral context (cool) or in social contexts involving emotions (hot). Cool and hot IC have specific developmental trajectories; cool IC develops linearly from childhood to adulthood, whereas hot IC follows a quadratic trajectory. Some activities can improve the IC, such as cognitive training (CT) and mindfulness meditation (MM). The aim of our study was to compare the effects of 5 weeks of computerized MM versus CT on IC performance in 66 children (9-10 years old) and 63 adolescents (16-17 years old) by specifically analyzing cool and hot dimensions in the same participants and from a developmental perspective. We fit a linear mixed-effect model on the Stroop interference score with time (pretest vs. posttest) and type of conflict (cool vs. hot) as within-participant factors and intervention group (CT vs. MM) and age group (child vs. adolescent) as between-participant factors. The findings revealed that children but not adolescents benefitted from interventions. More specifically, CT improved cool IC but not hot IC, whereas MM practice improved hot IC but not cool IC. This study supports the benefits of MM at a young age. Theoretical issues linking MM programs to emotional competence grounded in hot IC skills are considered in academic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rezende
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lorna Le Stanc
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Iris Menu
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Cassotti
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ania Aïte
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Salvia
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France; Imaging Biomarkers for Brain Development and Disorders, Université Paris Cité, UMR INSERM 1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, 75005 Paris, France.
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Elliott MV, Esmail SAS, Weiner KS, Johnson SL. Neuroanatomical Correlates of Emotion-Related Impulsivity. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:566-574. [PMID: 36244800 PMCID: PMC9898470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion-related impulsivity (ERI) refers to chronically poor self-control during periods of strong emotion. ERI robustly predicts psychiatric disorders and related problems, yet its neuroanatomical correlates are largely unknown. We tested whether local brain morphometry in targeted brain regions that integrate emotion and control could explain ERI severity. METHODS One hundred twenty-two adults (ages 18-55 years) with internalizing or externalizing psychopathology completed a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, the Three-Factor Impulsivity Index, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5. The Three-Factor Impulsivity Index measures two types of ERI and a third type of impulsivity not linked to emotion. Cortical reconstruction yielded cortical thickness and local gyrification measurements. We evaluated whether morphometry in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens was associated with ERI severity. Hypotheses and analyses were preregistered. RESULTS Lower cortical gyrification in the right lateral OFC was associated with high ERI severity in a full, preregistered model. Separate examinations of local gyrification and cortical thickness also showed a positive association between gyrification in the left lateral OFC and ERI. An integrated measure of hemispheric imbalance in lateral OFC gyrification (right < left) correlated with ERI severity. These findings were specific to ERI and did not appear with non-emotion-related impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Local gyrification in the lateral OFC is associated with ERI severity. The current findings fit with existing theories of OFC function, strengthen the connections between the transdiagnostic literature in psychiatry and neuroscience, and may guide future treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Elliott
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
| | - Serajh A S Esmail
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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Long Q, Yu L, Tang Y, Li Q, Hu N, Gu Y, Chen A. Improving adaptive response to negative stimuli through non-emotional working memory training. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1058866. [PMID: 36688125 PMCID: PMC9851398 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1058866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
People with high working memory (WM) capacity tend to respond proactively and experience a decrease in undesired emotions, implying the potential influence of WM training on emotional responses. Although training emotional WM could enhance emotional control, the training also improves emotional response itself. Thus, the far-transfer effects of non-emotional WM training on emotional responses remain an open question. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to detect these effects. The Preliminary experiment matched the expectations of the gains of the training tasks between the experimental and active control groups (n = 33). In Experiments 1 and 2, participants performed 7-day and 15-day training procedures, respectively. Results indicated that after a 7-day training, non-emotional WM training (n = 17) marginally reduced individuals' emotional responses compared with the active control group (n = 18); importantly, this improvement became significant after a 15-day training (n (WM training) = 20, n (active control) = 18). A combination analysis for Experiments 1 and 2 showed that training gains on WM performance were significantly related to reduced emotional responses (r = -0.359), indicating a dosage effect. Therefore, non-emotional WM training provides a safe and effective way to enhance adaptive emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanshan Long
- Faculty of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Linlin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yancheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Preschool & Special Education, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Antao Chen
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Antao Chen
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14
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Reichl D, Enewoldsen N, Müller A, Steins-Loeber S. Pilot testing of an adaptive, individualized inhibitory control training for binge drinking: first evidence on feasibility, acceptance, and efficacy. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 87:1267-1283. [PMID: 35994096 PMCID: PMC9395788 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Deficits in inhibitory control seem to promote habit behavior and therefore play an important role in the development and maintenance of addictive diseases. Although several training approaches have been suggested, there is a considerable lack of knowledge about the best way to improve inhibitory control. Based on a literature review regarding shortcomings of existing trainings, an individualized, adaptive inhibitory control training was developed. We aimed to assess feasibility and acceptance of this training and to provide preliminary results on its efficacy regarding inhibitory control and binge drinking. Methods Sixty-one individuals (30 female) with binge drinking behavior were randomly allocated to either an experimental group receiving three sessions of the inhibitory control training or a waitlist control group receiving no training. Before and after the training, the participants performed a Go/NoGo task to assess inhibitory control (commission errors and false reaction time), completed a questionnaire on drinking-related self-control, and reported drinking behavior. Results Although the training was feasible and accepted by participants, it did not affect self-control over drinking, inhibitory control or drinking behavior. The relationship between session number and false reaction time was linear for alcohol stimuli, but squared for neutral stimuli. Conclusion Although our findings have to be interpreted in the light of some shortcomings, they demonstrate that further research is needed to enhance our understanding of how to improve inhibitory control and which factors might moderate this process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00426-022-01725-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reichl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Niklas Enewoldsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany
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15
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Hamerman R, Cohen N. Emotion control training enhances reappraisal success among individuals with reported ADHD symptoms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14058. [PMID: 35982138 PMCID: PMC9388606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that training individuals to recruit cognitive control before exposure to negative pictures can facilitate the propensity to use reappraisal and reappraisal success. Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience difficulties in cognitive control and emotion regulation, so they may especially benefit from such training. Individuals reporting high ADHD symptoms and controls were randomly assigned to one of two training conditions. In the high emotion control (H-EC) training condition, negative pictures were typically preceded by a stimulus that recruits cognitive control. In contrast, in the low emotion control (L-EC) training condition, negative pictures were typically preceded by a stimulus that does not recruit cognitive control. Participants were then asked to recall an adverse personal event and to reappraise the event. As predicted, instructed reappraisal was more effective in reducing negative mood in the H-EC training compared to the L-EC training. Furthermore, compared to controls, individuals with reported ADHD symptoms showed a greater propensity to use reappraisal after writing the event and a more considerable reduction in event significance and negativity following the instructed reappraisal assignment. We argue that employing cognitive control over emotional information has a causal role in reappraisal use and success among individuals with ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Hamerman
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Noga Cohen
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, 3498838, Haifa, Israel. .,Department of Special Education, The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
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16
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Vander Zwalmen Y, Hoorelbeke K, Liebaert E, Nève de Mévergnies C, Koster EHW. Cognitive remediation for depression vulnerability: Current challenges and new directions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:903446. [PMID: 35936259 PMCID: PMC9352853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly acknowledged that cognitive impairment can play an important role in depression vulnerability. Therefore, cognitive remediation strategies, and cognitive control training (CCT) procedures have gained attention in recent years as possible interventions for depression. Recent studies suggest a small to medium effect on indicators of depression vulnerability. Despite initial evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of CCT, several central questions remain. In this paper we consider the key challenges for the clinical implementation of CCT, including exploration of (1) potential working mechanisms and related to this, moderators of training effects, (2) necessary conditions under which CCT could be optimally administered, such as dose requirements and training schedules, and (3) how CCT could interact with or augment existing treatments of depression. Revisiting the CCT literature, we also reflect upon the possibilities to evolve toward a stratified medicine approach, in which individual differences could be taken into account and used to optimize prevention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Vander Zwalmen
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Yannick Vander Zwalmen,
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Liebaert
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Impulsivity as a mediator between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:95-107. [PMID: 35477079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is a known risk factor for the development of suicidal behavior. Possible mediators of the association between childhood maltreatment and suicide have been analyzed. Some studies have considered impulsivity as one of these mediators, but there are no previous reviews on this topic. We, therefore, present a systematic review and mediation meta-analysis of the literature summarizing the evidence on impulsivity as a mediator of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and lifetime suicidal behavior. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, WebOfScience, and EMBASE databases up to February 2021 to identify studies exploring the association between childhood maltreatment and suicide through impulsivity. Fourteen articles met the selection criteria and were included in the review. Seven articles could be included in the mediation meta-analysis. Impulsivity was a significant mediator of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior in ten of the fourteen included studies. This result was confirmed using mediation meta-analysis (β = .06, 95% CI 0.03-0.10). Studies suggest that exposure to traumatic situations in childhood affects the proper neurobiological, cognitive, and affective development of individuals. This may increase impulsivity, which in turn would be related to an increased risk of suicide. The effects of childhood maltreatment and impulsivity may be both therapeutic targets of interest to reduce suicide rates.
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18
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Yan X, Gao W, Yang J, Yuan J. Emotion Regulation Choice in Internet Addiction: Less Reappraisal, Lower Frontal Alpha Asymmetry. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:278-286. [PMID: 34894803 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211056433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with internet addiction (IA) show difficulties in emotion regulation. However, they could effectively employ emotion regulation strategies when instructed. We speculate that this discrepancy might be caused by maladaptive emotion regulation choices. Recent studies indicated that decreased activity of the left frontal cortex could be a neural marker of reappraisal use. To address this problem, individuals with IA (n = 17, IA group) and healthy individuals (n = 23, healthy control [HC] group) were required to choose an emotion regulation strategy between reappraisal and distraction to regulate their emotions varying in emotional intensity and valence. We also compared the resting state frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) of these 2 groups. The results replicated more choices of reappraisal in low- versus high-intensity emotional contexts across groups. More importantly, the IA group chose reappraisal less frequently compared with the HC group, irrespective of emotional intensity. Furthermore, we found individuals with IA have lower FAA than healthy controls, and FAA shows a positive correlation with the use of reappraisal. These findings suggest that IA alters individuals' patterns of emotion regulation choice and impairs frontal activities, causing difficulties in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yan
- 66331Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, 66331Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.,26463Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- 26463Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiemin Yang
- 66331Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, 66331Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- 66331Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, 66331Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Hoorelbeke K, Vervaeke J, Siegle GJ, Baeken C, Koster EH. Individual differences associated with treatment adherence and transfer effects following gamified web-based cognitive control training for repetitive negative thinking. Internet Interv 2022; 27:100507. [PMID: 35242588 PMCID: PMC8859013 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests beneficial effects of cognitive control training (CCT) on repetitive negative thinking (RNT), a key risk factor for internalizing symptomatology. However, relatively little is known regarding predictors of adherence to internet-delivered CCT as well as moderators of treatment effects for this intervention. Answering these questions could improve efficiency of clinical implementation of CCT as an eHealth intervention. The current pre-registered single-arm trial set-out to address these questions using a web-based gamified CCT procedure based on the adaptive Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task. Participants (N = 382) entered the internet-based study, where we observed considerable drop-out during the assessment phase and the first training sessions. Emotional stability and resilience emerged as predictors for deciding not to commence the intervention. Drop-out throughout the course of CCT was explained by age, emotion regulation-, and personality factors. We used latent profile analysis, a probabilistic modeling approach, to identify clusters of participants (User Profiles) based on indicators of baseline cognitive- and emotional functioning, training progress, and user experience. We obtained three User Profiles, reflecting low-, moderate-, and high-risk status. Effortful control, emotion regulation, internalizing symptomatology, resilience, and emotional stability played a central role in these User Profiles. Interestingly, User Profile predicted training related cognitive gains, as well as effects of CCT on anxiety- and stress symptoms, and reappraisal. Our findings suggest that CCT is most effective for the moderate- and high-risk groups. In addition, the high-risk group would likely benefit from a more intensive training procedure or repeated administration of the training procedure over time to foster long-term retention of training related gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Corresponding author at: Henri-Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jasmien Vervaeke
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Imec-Mict-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greg J. Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin (UZGent), Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Psychiatry (UZBrussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst H.W. Koster
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Hoseini FS, Alimoradi K, Jamshidi F. Help them pass a stormy road: A preliminary study of emotional memory management training on executive functions and difficulties in emotional regulation in adolescents. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Groves NB, Chan ESM, Marsh CL, Gaye F, Jaisle EM, Kofler MJ. Does central executive training and/or inhibitory control training improve emotion regulation for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1034722. [PMID: 36561637 PMCID: PMC9763728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1034722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 48-54% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have impairing difficulties with emotion regulation, and these difficulties are not ameliorated by first-line ADHD treatments. Working memory and inhibitory control represent promising intervention targets given their functional, if not causal, links with ADHD-related emotion dysregulation. METHODS This preregistered randomized controlled trial tested whether two digital therapeutic training protocols that have been previously shown to improve working memory (Central Executive Training [CET]) and inhibitory control (Inhibitory Control Training [ICT]) can improve emotion regulation in a sample of 94 children with ADHD aged 8-13 years (M = 10.22, SD = 1.43; 76% White/non-Hispanic; 29 girls). RESULTS Results of Bayesian mixed model ANOVAs indicated both treatment groups demonstrated significant decreases in emotion dysregulation relative to pre-treatment at immediate post-treatment (parent report; d = 1.25, BF10 = 8.04 × 1013, p < 0.001), at 1-2 months after completing treatment (teacher report; d = 0.99, BF10 = 1.22 × 106, p < 0.001), and at 2-4-months follow-up (parent report; d = 1.22, BF10 = 1.15 × 1014, p < 0.001). Contrary to our hypotheses, the CET and ICT groups demonstrated equivalent reductions in emotion dysregulation and maintenance of effects. Exploratory analyses revealed that results were robust to control for informant expectancies, ADHD medication status/changes, in-person vs. at-home treatment, child age, and time from treatment completion to post-treatment ratings. DISCUSSION To determine whether working memory and inhibitory control are causally linked with ADHD-related emotion dysregulation, future studies should include active control conditions that do not train executive functions prior to making decisions about the clinical utility of CET/ICT for the treatment of emotion dysregulation in ADHD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT03324464].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Groves
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth S M Chan
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Carolyn L Marsh
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Fatou Gaye
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Emma M Jaisle
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michael J Kofler
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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22
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Liu C, Rotaru K, Chamberlain SR, Yücel M, Grant JE, Lee RSC, Wulandari T, Suo C, Albertella L. Distress-driven impulsivity interacts with trait compulsivity in association with problematic drinking: A two-sample study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:938275. [PMID: 36203833 PMCID: PMC9530652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.938275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problematic drinking is highly prevalent among the general population, oftentimes leading to significant negative consequences, including physical injury, psychological problems and financial hardship. In order to design targeted early interventions for problematic drinking, it is important to understand the mechanisms that render individuals at risk for and/or maintain this behavior. Two candidate drivers of problematic drinking are distress-driven impulsivity and trait compulsivity, with recent research suggesting these constructs may interact to enhance risk for addictive behaviors. The current study examined whether individual differences in distress-driven impulsivity and trait compulsivity interact in relation to problematic drinking. METHOD Distress-driven impulsivity (indexed by the S-UPPS-P negative urgency subscale), trait compulsivity (indexed by the CHIT scale) and problematic drinking (indexed by the BATCAP alcohol scale) were assessed in two independent online samples (Sample 1, n = 117; Sample 2, n = 474). Bootstrapped moderation analysis was conducted to examine whether trait compulsivity moderated the relationship between distress-driven impulsivity and problematic drinking. RESULTS In both samples, there was a significant interaction between distress-driven impulsivity and trait compulsivity in relation to problematic drinking. Follow-up tests revealed that, in both samples, higher distress-driven impulsivity was associated with more problematic drinking behaviors among participants with high trait compulsivity only. CONCLUSIONS The current findings add to the growing literature supporting an interactive relationship between impulsivity and compulsivity-related traits in relation to addictive behaviors and have implications for informing early detection of risk and targeted early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rico S C Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Teresa Wulandari
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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23
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Exploring the Link Between Transdiagnostic Cognitive Risk Factors, Anxiogenic Parenting Behaviors, and Child Anxiety. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:1032-1043. [PMID: 33068211 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical models suggest parent anxiety leads to increased anxiogenic parenting, an important etiological factor for child anxiety disorders. Evidence suggests that parents engage in anxiogenic parenting to reduce distress in response to their child's anxiety; however, further study of this mechanism is needed. Cognitive risk factors, including distress intolerance, anxiety sensitivity, emotion-related impulsivity, and repetitive negative thinking are promising to examine as they impact emotion regulation. This study examined whether an indirect association between parent anxiety and anxiogenic parenting via these risk factors exists, and if child anxiety moderated this effect. Findings demonstrated evidence for an indirect association via distress intolerance in mothers at high levels of child anxiety, but not low levels. An unmoderated indirect effect via emotion-related impulsivity was found. Anxiety sensitivity and repetitive negative thinking did not demonstrate significant indirect effects. These findings suggest distress intolerance and emotional-related impulsivity may be targets for parent-focused child anxiety treatments.
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24
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Peckham AD, Sandler JP, Dattolico D, McHugh RK, Johnson DS, Björgvinsson T, Pizzagalli DA, Beard C. Cognitive control training for urgency: A pilot randomized controlled trial in an acute clinical sample. Behav Res Ther 2021; 146:103968. [PMID: 34562728 PMCID: PMC8555999 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Urgency - rash action in the context of strong emotion - is a facet of impulsivity closely related to many psychological disorders. Deficits in working memory and response inhibition are potential mechanisms underlying urgency, and a previous study showed that cognitive training targeting these domains is efficacious in reducing urgency. However, the feasibility and efficacy of this intervention has not yet been tested in a clinical sample or naturalistic treatment setting. To fill this gap, we conducted a pilot study of cognitive training for individuals reporting high levels of urgency in a partial hospitalization program. We evaluated this intervention in an open trial (n = 20), followed by a randomized controlled trial (n = 46) comparing cognitive training plus treatment as usual to treatment as usual. Results supported the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive training. Participants in the training group showed significant improvement on cognitive tasks, but groups did not differ in urgency. In pooled analyses combining the open trial and RCT, there was a significant reduction in distress intolerance in the training group only. Results indicate the potential benefit of cognitive training for distress intolerance, but do not support the use of cognitive training for urgency in acute clinical settings. The study conducted in the RCT phase of this manuscript is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT: NCT03527550). The full trial protocol is available on ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Peckham
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jenna P Sandler
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
| | | | - R Kathryn McHugh
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | | | - Thröstur Björgvinsson
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Courtney Beard
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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25
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Improved emotion regulation in depression following cognitive remediation: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2021; 147:103991. [PMID: 34740101 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive functions (EFs) play a key role in emotion regulation and, related to this, depression. Cognitive remediation (CR) targeting EFs, such as Goal Management Training (GMT) and computerized cognitive training (CCT), may reduce maladaptive emotion regulation. However, the clinical potential of GMT in the context of depression and emotion regulation remains to be tested. Hence, the primary aim of the present study was to compare effects of GMT with CCT on symptoms of emotion dysregulation. METHOD The paper reports the effects of a preregistered randomized controlled trial. Sixty-three participants (18-60yrs) with active or remitted depression and EF complaints were randomized to nine sessions of GMT (n = 35) or CCT (n = 28). All were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. The Ruminative Response Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were employed to assess emotion regulation. RESULTS Both groups improved following the intervention on emotion regulation domains after controlling for intention-to-treat, including brooding rumination and on items reflecting non-accepting reactions to distress. Relative to CCT, the GMT-group demonstrated increased clarity of emotional responses in the per protocol analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the potential of GMT and CCT in reducing maladaptive emotion regulation in depression.
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26
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Polat H, Asi Karakaş S. The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy orientated anger management training on anger ruminations and impulsivity levels in forensic psychiatric patients: A randomized controlled trial. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1616-1627. [PMID: 33506521 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at determining the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) orientated anger management training on levels of anger rumination and impulsivity in people receiving forensic mental healthcare. DESIGN AND METHODS This was a randomized controlled study. The research data were collected between July 2018 and February 2019. The personal information form, Anger Rumination Scale, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were used for data collection. FINDINGS Total scores on the Barratt Impulsiveness and Anger Rumination Scales were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.001). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study adds to existing evidence on the provision of anger management training, offering an evidence-based solution along with necessary knowledge and skills for use by forensic psychiatric nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Polat
- Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Malatya, Turke
| | - Sibel Asi Karakaş
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ciobotaru D, Jefferies R, Lispi L, Derakshan N. Rethinking cognitive training: The moderating roles of emotional vulnerability and perceived cognitive impact of training in high worriers. Behav Res Ther 2021; 144:103926. [PMID: 34242837 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Trait worry is a hallmark feature of anxiety and depression, interfering with attentional control and impairing cognitive performance. Previous research has shown the adaptive dual n-back training is effective in improving attentional control and reducing emotional vulnerability, but not for everyone. The current randomised controlled trial explored the role of baseline emotional vulnerability and perceived cognitive impact in training-related cognitive and emotional improvements in 60 high worriers randomly assigned to 10 sessions of the adaptive dual n-back training or non-adaptive 1-back training. Pre-training, post-training and one-month follow-up measures of cognitive performance were assessed using an emotional Flanker task, a cued task-switching task, and the MaRs-IB task. Self-report questionnaires assessed worry, anxiety, depression, somatisation, and self-efficacy, as well as participants' perceived cognitive impact of the training. Participants with higher levels of baseline emotional vulnerability presented the largest improvements in non-verbal reasoning and emotional vulnerability one month after the training, as well as the greatest perceived cognitive impact. Perceived cognitive impact was predicted by working memory improvement on the adaptive n-back training at high baseline levels of anxiety. These results suggest that the adaptive n-back training presents the greatest emotional and cognitive benefits for individuals experiencing severe levels of emotional vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Ciobotaru
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan Jefferies
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovica Lispi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Nazanin Derakshan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
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Moustafa AA, Bello A, Maurushat A. The Role of User Behaviour in Improving Cyber Security Management. Front Psychol 2021; 12:561011. [PMID: 34220596 PMCID: PMC8253569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.561011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Information security has for long time been a field of study in computer science, software engineering, and information communications technology. The term 'information security' has recently been replaced with the more generic term cybersecurity. The goal of this paper is to show that, in addition to computer science studies, behavioural sciences focused on user behaviour can provide key techniques to help increase cyber security and mitigate the impact of attackers' social engineering and cognitive hacking methods (i.e., spreading false information). Accordingly, in this paper, we identify current research on psychological traits and individual differences among computer system users that explain vulnerabilities to cyber security attacks and crimes. Our review shows that computer system users possess different cognitive capabilities which determine their ability to counter information security threats. We identify gaps in the existing research and provide possible psychological methods to help computer system users comply with security policies and thus increase network and information security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Marcs Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abubakar Bello
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alana Maurushat
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Liu C, Rotaru K, Lee RSC, Tiego J, Suo C, Yücel M, Albertella L. Distress-driven impulsivity interacts with cognitive inflexibility to determine addiction-like eating. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:534-539. [PMID: 33909594 PMCID: PMC8997201 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers are only just beginning to understand the neurocognitive drivers of addiction-like eating behaviours, a highly distressing and relatively common condition. Two constructs have been consistently linked to addiction-like eating: distress-driven impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility. Despite a large body of addiction research showing that impulsivity-related traits can interact with other risk markers to result in an especially heightened risk for addictive behaviours, no study to date has examined how distress-driven impulsivity interacts with cognitive inflexibility in relation to addiction-like eating behaviours. The current study examines the interactive contribution of distress-driven impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility to addiction-like eating behaviours. METHOD One hundred and thirty-one participants [mean age 21 years (SD = 2.3), 61.8% female] completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale, the S-UPPS-P impulsivity scale, and a cognitive flexibility task. A bootstrap method was used to examine the associations between distress-driven impulsivity, cognitive inflexibility, and their interaction with addiction-like eating behaviours. RESULTS There was a significant interaction effect between distress-driven impulsivity and cognitive flexibility (P = 0.03). The follow-up test revealed that higher distress-driven impulsivity was associated with more addiction-like eating behaviours among participants classified as cognitively inflexible only. CONCLUSION The current findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying addiction-like eating behaviours, including how traits and cognition might interact to drive them. The findings also suggest that interventions that directly address distress-driven impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility might be effective in reducing risk for addiction-like eating and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Rico S. C. Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Neural Systems & Behaviour Lab, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
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Cognitive Control Training in Healthy Older Adults: A Proof of Concept Study on the Effects on Cognitive Functioning, Emotion Regulation and Affect. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Van de Velde N, Kappen M, Koster EHW, Hoorelbeke K, Tandt H, Verslype P, Baeken C, De Raedt R, Lemmens G, Vanderhasselt MA. Cognitive remediation following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment resistant depression: randomized controlled trail of an intervention for relapse prevention - study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:453. [PMID: 32938410 PMCID: PMC7493867 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive episode (MDE) is worldwide one of the most prevalent and disabling mental health conditions. In cases of persistent non-response to treatment, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment strategy with high response rates. Unfortunately, longitudinal data show low sustained response rates with 6-month relapse rates as high as 50% using existing relapse prevention strategies. Cognitive side effects of ECT, even though transient, might trigger mechanisms that increase relapse in patients who initially responded to ECT. Among these side effects, reduced cognitive control is an important neurobiological driven vulnerability factor for depression. As such, cognitive control training (CCT) holds promise as a non-pharmacological strategy to improve long-term effects of ECT (i.e., increase remission, and reduce depression relapse). METHOD/DESIGN Eighty-eight patients aged between 18 and 70 years with MDE who start CCT will be included in this randomized controlled trial (RCT). Following (partial) response to ECT treatment (at least a 25% reduction of clinical symptoms), patients will be randomly assigned to a computer based CCT or active placebo control. A first aim of this RCT is to assess the effects of CCT compared to an active placebo condition on depression symptomatology, cognitive complaints, and quality of life. Secondly, we will monitor patients every 2 weeks for a period of 6 months following CCT/active placebo, allowing the detection of potential relapse of depression. Thirdly, we will assess patient evaluation of the addition of cognitive remediation to ECT using qualitative interview methods (satisfaction, acceptability and appropriateness). Finally, in order to further advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying effects of CCT, exploratory analyses will be conducted using video footage collected during the CCT/active control phase of the study. DISCUSSION Cognitive remediation will be performed following response to ECT, and an extensive follow-up period will be employed. Positive findings would not only benefit patients by decreasing relapse, but also by increasing acceptability of ECT, reducing the burden of cognitive side-effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov . Study ID: NCT04383509 Trial registration date: 12.05.2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Van de Velde
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mitchel Kappen
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ernst H. W. Koster
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Tandt
- grid.410566.00000 0004 0626 3303Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verslype
- grid.410566.00000 0004 0626 3303Department of Anesthesiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- grid.410566.00000 0004 0626 3303Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.411326.30000 0004 0626 3362Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Lemmens
- grid.410566.00000 0004 0626 3303Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Cotter EW, Hornack SE, Fotang JP, Pettit E, Mirza NM. A pilot open-label feasibility trial examining an adjunctive mindfulness intervention for adolescents with obesity. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:79. [PMID: 32518670 PMCID: PMC7275381 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity in adolescence is predictive of obesity in adulthood and risk for chronic disease. Traditional behavioral approaches to addressing obesity in adolescence rarely yield meaningful changes in body mass index (BMI), suggesting that adjunctive treatments are necessary. Herein, we describe a study examining whether it is feasible to integrate a brief mindfulness intervention with the usual recommended care for adolescent obesity in a pediatric weight management clinic. Methods We conducted a single arm open-label trial with 11 adolescent patients with obesity. Participants received the recommended standard of medical management of obesity (usual care) plus a six-week mindfulness intervention. To assess our primary aim of feasibility, we examined recruitment, retention, and satisfaction rates. Participants also completed measures of mindfulness, emotion regulation, disordered eating, quality of life, and executive functioning, and had their BMI and blood pressure measured. Results We recruited 11 adolescents to participate in the intervention, with 8 (73%) completing the entire program. Attendance rates (85%) and satisfaction rates (100%) were promising for a larger trial. While preliminary analyses of changes in health outcomes should be examined with caution, effect sizes ranged from small to large with some promising trends in eating behaviors. Discussion It might be feasible to augment existing behavioral interventions for adolescents with obesity with brief mindfulness; however, some adaptations are needed to enhance recruitment and retention. The lessons learned in this feasibility study can inform an adequately powered efficacy trial. Trial registration This research is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03874377).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Cotter
- Department of Health Studies, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington DC, 20016 USA
| | - Sarah E Hornack
- Division of Psychology and Behavioral Health, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
| | - Jenny P Fotang
- Department of Psychology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington DC, 20016 USA
| | - Elizabeth Pettit
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Nazrat M Mirza
- IDEAL Pediatric Weight Management Clinic, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
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Barkus E. Effects of working memory training on emotion regulation: Transdiagnostic review. Psych J 2020; 9:258-279. [PMID: 32166891 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Working memory training is widely used transdiagnostically to improve cognition. However, more recently, studies using working memory training packages have targeted emotion-regulation outcomes to determine whether far transfer effects can be achieved. A narrative review is conducted of studies that have used standardized computerized working memory training packages across healthy volunteers, affect, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disordered populations with emotion-regulation outcomes. Working memory training has been used in children, adolescents, and adults to improve emotion regulation. Many studies have reported gains in mood as well as emotion-regulation strategies following working memory training, regardless of clinical indication and whether near transfer gains were achieved in cognitive domains. Significant emotion-regulation outcomes include: state and trait anxiety, rumination, brooding, positive appraisal, decreasing maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies, and decreasing intrusive thoughts. It is speculated that these far transfer outcomes from working memory training are possible due to the cognitive and neural overlap between cognitive and affective working memory, and emotion regulation. Working memory training could improve cognitive efficiency, which, in turn, increases the availability of cognitive resources during times when emotion regulation is taxed. Future studies need to consider the role of participant expectancy in predicting outcome measure performance, and including subjective and objective outcomes is paramount to study design. Furthermore, sample sizes require additional attention, given that the current review highlights that individual differences in non-clinical and clinical populations influence the outcomes from working memory training. Working memory training offers a possibility for improving emotion regulation transdiagnostically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barkus
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Hammar Å, Semkovska M, Borgen IMH, Myklebost S, Ronold EH, Sveen T, Ueland T, Porter R, Johnson SL. A pilot study of cognitive remediation in remitted major depressive disorder patients. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:172-182. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1726919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Semkovska
- Health Research Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ida M. H. Borgen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sunniva Myklebost
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind H Ronold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thea Sveen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sheri L. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Johnson SL, Elliott MV, Carver CS. Impulsive Responses to Positive and Negative Emotions: Parallel Neurocognitive Correlates and Their Implications. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:338-349. [PMID: 31668478 PMCID: PMC7012660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Theory about the conceptual basis of psychiatric disorders has long emphasized negative emotionality. More recent ideas emphasize roles for positive emotionality and impulsivity as well. This review examines impulsive responses to positive and negative emotions, which have been labeled as urgency. Urgency is conceptually and empirically distinct from other forms of impulsivity. A large body of work indicates that urgency is more robustly related to psychopathology than are other forms of impulsivity. Researchers have considered 4 neurocognitive models of urgency: excessive emotion generation, poor emotion regulation, risky decision making, and poor cognitive control. Little evidence supports emotion generation or risky decision making as the core issues driving urgency. Rather, urgency appears related to dysfunction in key hubs implicated in the integration of cognitive control and emotion regulation (e.g., the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula), expressed as response inhibition deficits that emerge most robustly in high arousal contexts. These neurocognitive processes appear remarkably parallel for positive and negative urgency. We provide methodological suggestions and theoretical hypotheses to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
| | - Matthew V Elliott
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Charles S Carver
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
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Satchell LP, Johnson HL, Hudson CA, Harper CA. Dispositional Disinhibition and Alcohol Use Disorders: Personality, Risk Appraisal and Problematic Alcohol Consumption. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:209-217. [PMID: 31847657 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1662809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The relationship between psychopathic personality and problematic alcohol consumption could be important for understanding risk and potential interventions. This existing work on psychopathy and alcohol abuse is typically conducted in criminal and hospitalized populations and little attention has been paid to investigating the general populations' psychopathic personality and problematic consumption of alcohol. The psychopathy-focused Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) and the more general Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality (RST) focus on individual differences related to low self-control and sensation seeking, and could relate to problematic alcohol consumption in non-forensic samples. The current study brings together RST and psychopathic personality traits to predict alcohol use disorders. We hypothesize that impulsivity and anxiety predict problematic alcohol consumption and related risk appraisal. Methods: We analyzed data from a sample of 349 general population participants who had completed measures of the TriPM, RST, alcohol use disorders (AUDIT), and their perceived negative outcomes of high risk behavior with the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events (CARE) measure. Results: We find some evidence that TriPM's disinhibition and RST's anxious personality traits relate to AUDIT scores. We find limited evidence that personality traits predict the negative appraisal of risky events, but alcohol use was related to increased perceptions of the negative outcomes of alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Overall this study shows that individual differences do relate to problematic alcohol consumption but not the appraisal of risks related to alcohol consumption. This has implications for the structuring of intervention for those at-risk of problematic consumption of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Satchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
| | - Henry L Johnson
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Brentford, UK
| | | | - Craig A Harper
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Neurocognitive Processes Implicated in Adolescent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Applying an RDoC Framework for Conceptualizing Risk. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019; 6:188-196. [PMID: 33312840 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Identifying risk factors for STBs during adolescence is essential for suicide prevention. In this review, we employ the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework to synthesize studies on key neurocognitive processes-cognitive control, reward responsiveness/valuation, and negative urgency-relevant to adolescent STBs. Recent Findings Within subdomains of Cognitive Control, studies of inhibition/suppression and updating/maintenance were mixed, while response selection (i.e., decision-making) deficits were consistently associated with suicide attempts. Fewer studies, by comparison, have probed the Positive Valence Systems. Relative to healthy controls, adolescents with prior STBs may show a blunted neural response to rewards and value rewards less, but findings require replication. Finally, negative urgency, which may span subdomains within both Cognitive Control and the Positive Valence Systems, was associated with recent suicide attempts in the only study to directly test this association. Summary Few studies have examined neurocognitive functioning in relation to adolescent STBs, despite the relevance of this research to detecting suicide risk. We recommend that future studies incorporate developmental contexts relevant to both neurocognitive processes and STBs.Broadly, cognitive control is associated with activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its interaction with other brain areas (e.g., reward and motor regions) [32]. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using emotional stimuli have provided evidence of abnormalities in neural regions supporting cognitive control among youth with STBs. [33] computed neural activation corresponding to viewing angry faces (relative to a fixation cross) in a sample of depressed youth. They found that, relative to non-attempters, attempters had: (a) increased activation in the right anterior gyrus and dorsolateral PFC and (b) reduced functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate gyrus and bilateral insulae. Relatedly, youth with bipolar disorder and a history of suicide attempts showed reduced functional connectivity between the amygdala and the left ventral PFC while viewing emotional (happy, fearful) and neutral faces compared to patient non-attempters [34]. The findings indicate that attempters may have problems regulating and appropriately deploying attention, as well as planning and executing behavioral responses, in emotional contexts.
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Seelye A, Thuras P, Doane B, Clason C, VanVoorst W, Urošević S. Steeper aging-related declines in cognitive control processes among adults with bipolar disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:595-602. [PMID: 30605878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the specificity of executive functioning (EF) decline in older adults with bipolar disorders (OABD), or the impact of bipolar disorders (BD) on the timing and slope of age-related declines in EF processes implicated in both BD etiology and normative aging-cognitive control (CC). This cross-sectional study investigated age-related CC decline in BD. METHODS Participants were 43 adults with BD (M age = 61.5, SD = 15.8; 86% male) and 45 Controls (M age = 65.2, SD = 12.2; 98% male). Two-way ANOVAs examined the effects of median-age-split and diagnostic groups on cognitive processes with established BD deficits-CC processes (mental flexibility and response inhibition), verbal learning, and verbal fluency. RESULTS The median-split-age-by-diagnostic-group interaction was significant for mental flexibility; OABD performed significantly worse than younger adults with BD and younger and older Controls. Exploratory multivariate adaptive regression spline characterized non-linear nature of aging-slope changes in mental flexibility for each diagnostic group, yielding an inflection point at older age and steeper subsequent decline in OABD versus Controls. LIMITATIONS This study is limited by a small sample (particularly for select neuropsychological measures) of mostly Caucasian men and BD diagnoses based on clinical interview and medical records review. CONCLUSIONS Compared to healthy older adults, OABD showed steeper age-related decline in mental flexibility-select EF processes that depend on the integrity of the CC system. Preliminary evidence links CC integrity to daily functioning in OABD; accelerated aging decline in CC may pose a mechanism for high risk of functional impairment and dementia in OABD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Seelye
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States; University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Neurology, Portland, OR, United States; Oregon Center for Aging & Technology, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - Paul Thuras
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States; University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bridget Doane
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christie Clason
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wendy VanVoorst
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Snežana Urošević
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States; University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Carver CS, Johnson SL. Impulsive reactivity to emotion and vulnerability to psychopathology. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018; 73:1067-1078. [PMID: 30525782 PMCID: PMC6309622 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Impulsiveness has been studied as an aspect of personality and psychopathology for generations. There are longstanding disagreements about how to define it and whether it should be viewed as one construct or several. This article begins by briefly reviewing some earlier and some more recent work on impulsiveness. Several approaches have recently converged to focus on a distinction between impulsive reactions to emotion and impulsive properties that are not initiated by emotion. From this review, we turn to psychopathology. It is well known that impulsiveness is related to externalizing psychopathology, but some have concluded that a similar relation does not exist for internalizing psychopathology. A recent literature is described that challenges the latter conclusion, linking impulsive reactivity to emotion to both externalizing and internalizing aspects of psychopathology. Discussion then turns to emotion-related impulsiveness and other constructs to which it is conceptually and empirically related, reexamining whether other conceptual targets should be added to the discussion. The article closes with a consideration of how important it is to continue to remain open to new conceptual perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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