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Zheng L, Qiu B, Su L, Wang H, Cui X, Ge F, Liu D. Panax notoginseng WRKY Transcription Factor 9 Is a Positive Regulator in Responding to Root Rot Pathogen Fusarium solani. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930644. [PMID: 35909719 PMCID: PMC9331302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen is a rare and valuable Chinese herb, but root rot mainly caused by Fusarium solani severely affects the yield and quality of P. notoginseng herbal materials. In this study, we isolated 30 P. notoginseng WRKY transcription factors (TFs), which were divided into three groups (I, II, and III) on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis. The expression levels of 10 WRKY genes, including PnWRKY9, in P. notoginseng roots increased in response to a methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and the following F. solani infection. Additionally, PnWRKY9 was functionally characterized. The PnWRKY9 protein was localized to the nucleus. The overexpression of PnWRKY9 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) considerably increased the resistance to F. solani, whereas an RNAi-mediated decrease in the PnWRKY9 expression level in P. notoginseng leaves increased the susceptibility to F. solani. The RNA sequencing and hormone content analyses of PnWRKY9-overexpression tobacco revealed that PnWRKY9 and the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway synergistically enhance disease resistance. The PnWRKY9 recombinant protein was observed to bind specifically to the W-box sequence in the promoter of a JA-responsive and F. solani resistance-related defensin gene (PnDEFL1). A yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that PnWRKY9 can activate the transcription of PnDEFL1. Furthermore, a co-expression assay in tobacco using β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter further verified that PnWRKY9 positively regulates PnDEFL1 expression. Overall, in this study, we identified P. notoginseng WRKY TFs and demonstrated that PnWRKY9 positively affects plant defenses against the root rot pathogen. The data presented herein provide researchers with fundamental information regarding the regulatory mechanism mediating the coordinated activities of WRKY TFs and the JA signaling pathway in P. notoginseng responses to the root rot pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Zheng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
| | - Bingling Qiu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
| | - Linlin Su
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
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Rai A, Irulappan V, Senthil-Kumar M. Dry Root Rot of Chickpea: A Disease Favored by Drought. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:346-356. [PMID: 34649462 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1410-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is an essential crop for protein nutrition and is grown around the world in rain-fed conditions. However, chickpea cultivation is under threat due to emerging diseases favored by drought stress. Dry root rot (DRR), an economically devastating disease, is an example. Chickpea-specific strains of a necrotic fungal phytopathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina, cause DRR. Microsclerotia of this fungus, which are capable of withstanding harsh environmental conditions, serve as primary inoculum. Initial symptoms are scattered necrotic spots in roots, progressing to rotting and withering lateral roots, accompanied by prematurely dried, straw-colored foliage. The recent rise in global temperature and worsening of drought spells have aggravated DRR outbreaks in chickpea. To date, DRR epidemiology has not been clarified in detail. Also, the literature lacks clarity on M. phaseolina taxonomy, morphology, disease progression, and diagnosis. In this article, research progress on patterns of DRR occurrence in the field and belowground and aboveground symptoms are clarified. In addition, the current understanding of taxonomy and management practices is elaborated. We also summarize knowledge of the impact of drought and high temperature on DRR severity. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives on the importance of host resistance, quantitative trait loci identification, and genotype screening for the identification of resistant genotypes. The article proposes new research priorities and a corresponding plan for the mitigation of DRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanish Rai
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vadivelmurugan Irulappan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
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Palakurthi R, Jayalakshmi V, Kumar Y, Kulwal P, Yasin M, Kute NS, Laxuman C, Yeri S, Vemula A, Rathore A, Samineni S, Soren KR, Mondal B, Dixit GP, Bharadwaj C, Chaturvedi SK, Gaur PM, Roorkiwal M, Thudi M, Singh NP, Varshney RK. Translational Chickpea Genomics Consortium to Accelerate Genetic Gains in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122583. [PMID: 34961053 PMCID: PMC8703834 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The Translational Chickpea Genomics Consortium (TCGC) was set up to increase the production and productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). It represents research institutes from six major chickpea growing states (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh) of India. The TCGC team has been engaged in deploying modern genomics approaches in breeding and popularizing improved varieties in farmers’ fields across the states. Using marker-assisted backcrossing, introgression lines with enhanced drought tolerance and fusarium wilt resistance have been developed in the genetic background of 10 elite varieties of chickpea. Multi-location evaluation of 100 improved lines (70 desi and 30 kabuli) during 2016–2017 and 2018–2019 enabled the identification of top performing desi and kabuli lines. In total, 909 Farmer Participatory Varietal Selection trials were conducted in 158 villages in 16 districts of the five states, during 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020, involving 16 improved varieties. New molecular breeding lines developed in different genetic backgrounds are potential candidates for national trials under the ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project on Chickpea. The comprehensive efforts of TCGC resulted in the development and adoption of high-yielding varieties that will increase chickpea productivity and the profitability of chickpea growing farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Palakurthi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; (R.P.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (P.M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Veera Jayalakshmi
- Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Nandyal 518501, India;
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India; (Y.K.); (K.R.S.); (B.M.); (G.P.D.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Pawan Kulwal
- Department Agricultural Botany, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri 413722, India; (P.K.); (N.S.K.)
| | - Mohammad Yasin
- RAK College of Agriculture (RAKCA), Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (RVSKVV), Sehore 466001, India;
| | - Nandkumar Surendra Kute
- Department Agricultural Botany, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri 413722, India; (P.K.); (N.S.K.)
| | - Chinchole Laxuman
- Agricultural Research Station (ARS), University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Raichur 584104, India; (C.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sharanabasappa Yeri
- Agricultural Research Station (ARS), University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Raichur 584104, India; (C.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Anilkumar Vemula
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; (R.P.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (P.M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; (R.P.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (P.M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Srinivasan Samineni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; (R.P.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (P.M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Khela Ram Soren
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India; (Y.K.); (K.R.S.); (B.M.); (G.P.D.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India; (Y.K.); (K.R.S.); (B.M.); (G.P.D.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Girish Prasad Dixit
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India; (Y.K.); (K.R.S.); (B.M.); (G.P.D.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Chellapilla Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Sushil K. Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India; (Y.K.); (K.R.S.); (B.M.); (G.P.D.); (S.K.C.)
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi 284003, India
| | - Pooran M. Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; (R.P.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (P.M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; (R.P.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (P.M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; (R.P.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (P.M.G.); (M.R.)
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa 848125, India
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (N.P.S.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Narendra P. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur 208024, India; (Y.K.); (K.R.S.); (B.M.); (G.P.D.); (S.K.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (N.P.S.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India; (R.P.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (S.S.); (P.M.G.); (M.R.)
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (N.P.S.); (R.K.V.)
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Irulappan V, Mali KV, Patil BS, Manjunatha H, Muhammad S, Senthil‐Kumar M. A sick plot-based protocol for dry root rot disease assessment in field-grown chickpea plants. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2021; 9:e11445. [PMID: 34504738 PMCID: PMC8419395 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE A comprehensive field-based screening protocol is lacking for dry root rot (DRR) disease in chickpea, which is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (formerly referred to as Rhizoctonia bataticola). Here, we describe a protocol for establishing a sick plot for DRR to enable disease assessment of a large number of chickpea plants during the natural growing season. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a chickpea plot with >30% DRR incidence, and enriched the inoculum by cultivating highly susceptible chickpea plant genotypes and incorporating infected plant material into the soil. The chickpea plants were then subjected to infection in developed sick plots with various levels of soil moisture under natural field conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol provides a robust way to impose M. phaseolina infection on chickpea plants under natural field conditions and to investigate plant responses to the infection at morphological, physiological, and molecular levels. This method can also be used to screen for other soil-borne diseases in a variety of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komal Vitthalrao Mali
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi110067India
| | | | - Hanumappa Manjunatha
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of AgricultureUniversity of Agricultural Sciences, GKVKBengaluru560065India
- Present address:
Hanumappa Manjunatha, Department of Plant PathologyCollege of Agriculture, KarekereHassan573 225India
| | - Saifulla Muhammad
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of AgricultureUniversity of Agricultural Sciences, GKVKBengaluru560065India
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Khan MA, Riaz H, Raheel M, Shakeel Q, Waheed U, Ahmed N, Bashair M, Ashraf W, Abbas HT, Siddique M, Khan M, Naz A, Shaheen M, Arif AM, Ali H, Nasir M, Ansari MJ, Ghramh HA, Khan KA. In-vitro and In-vivo management of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler in cotton using organic's. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1-9. [PMID: 33424277 PMCID: PMC7785457 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler, fungus, are very dangerous root damaging pathogens. Present study was planned to establish a chemical control of these root deteriorating pathogens under lab conditions as well as in field. Maximum death rate of nematode juveniles and minimum numbers of nematode eggs hatched were recorded in plates treated with Cadusafos (Rugby® 100G) @12 g/100 ml and Cartap® (4% G) @9g/100 ml. Chemical treatment of Rhizoctonia bataticola with Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole (Nativo®) @0.2 g/100 ml and Mancozeb + Matalaxyl (Axiom) @0.25 g/100 ml significantly controlled the mycelial growth in plates. The best treatments tested in laboratory were applied in field as protective and curative treatments. Results proved that chemical control of root-knot nematode and root rot fungi by tested chemicals at recommended time and dose is a significant management technique under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Khan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Riaz
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raheel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Shakeel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ummara Waheed
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bashair
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, BZU Bahadur Sub Campus, Layyah 31200, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ashraf
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Tassawar Abbas
- Department of Plant Pathology, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, District Lasbela 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khan
- Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Women University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Musarrat Shaheen
- Cotton Research Institute, Khanpur, Rahimyar Khan, Agriculture Department, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood Arif
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Department of Entomology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Hamed A. Ghramh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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