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Berezowska S, Maillard M, Keyter M, Bisig B. Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoepithelial carcinoma - morphology, molecular characteristics and differential diagnosis. Histopathology 2024; 84:32-49. [PMID: 37936498 DOI: 10.1111/his.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises one of the major groups of non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung, and is subtyped into keratinising, non-keratinising and basaloid SCC. SCC can readily be diagnosed using histomorphology alone in keratinising SCC. Confirmatory immunohistochemical analyses should always be applied in non-keratinising and basaloid tumours to exclude differential diagnoses, most prominently adenocarcinoma and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, which may have important therapeutic consequences. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification 2015, the diagnosis of SCC can be rendered in resections of morphologically ambiguous tumours with squamous immunophenotype. In biopsies and cytology preparations in the same setting the current guidelines propose a diagnosis of 'non-small-cell carcinoma, favour SCC' in TTF1-negative and p40-positive tumours to acknowledge a possible sampling bias and restrict extended immunohistochemical evaluation in order to preserve tissue for molecular testing. Most SCC feature a molecular 'tobacco-smoke signature' with enrichment in GG > TT mutations, in line with the strong epidemiological association of SCC with smoking. Targetable mutations are extremely rare but they do occur, in particular in younger and non- or light-smoking patients, warranting molecular investigations. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is a poorly differentiated SCC with a syncytial growth pattern and a usually prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and frequent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association. In this review, we describe the morphological and molecular characteristics of SCC and LEC and discuss the most pertinent differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Berezowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Maillard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Keyter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Bisig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Tian H, Qu M, Zhang G, Yuan L, Shi Q, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Qi X. Dramatic Response to Pyrotinib and T-DM1 in HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer With 2 Activating HER2 Mutations. Oncologist 2023:7147272. [PMID: 37120151 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 signaling is activated in response to somatic HER2 mutations, which are often found in invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) and are associated with poor prognosis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated considerable antitumor activity in patients with HER2-mutated advanced breast cancer (BC). Further, several clinical trials have indicated that HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) exhibit promising efficacy in lung cancer with HER2 mutations, and the efficacy of ADCs against HER2-mutated BC is currently being evaluated. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of ADCs in HER2-mutated cancer can be enhanced by the addition of irreversible TKIs, but the potential of such a combined treatment regimen for the treatment of HER2-mutated BC has not been reported. Herein, we describe a case in which a patient with estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic ILC with 2 activating HER2 mutations (D769H and V777L) exhibited a significant and durable response to anti-HER2 treatment with pyrotinib (an irreversible TKI) in combination with ado-trastuzumab emtansine, which was administered after multiple lines of therapy that had resulted in disease progression. Further, based on the evidence from the present case, TKI plus ADC seems to be a promising combination anti-HER2 regimen for patients with HER2-negative/HER2-mutated advanced BC, although further rigorous studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Qu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Shi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhuan Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Liang S, Tang X, Ye T, Xiang W. HER2 induces cell scattering and invasion through ∆Np63α and E-cadherin. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:403-412. [PMID: 36073720 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer constitutes approximately 30% of human breast cancers and is associated with poor outcomes. ∆Np63 is considered a metastasis inhibitor involved with cancer progression. This study aimed to clarify the roles and mechanisms of HER2 and ∆Np63 on scattering and invasion of MCF10A cells. Wild-type or mutant HER2 was cloned and transfected into MCF10A cells. Cell counting and transwell assays were applied to unveil the impact of HER2 upregulation and mutation on proliferation, cell scattering, and invasion. Western blotting and cell accounting were used to investigate the roles of ∆Np63 and p27. In vivo lung colonization assay was used to reveal the influences of HER2 and ∆Np63a on tumor metastasis. The results indicated HER2 remarkably enhanced cell proliferation, invasion, and scattering. Overexpression of either ΔNp63 or E-cadherin led to attenuated HER2-mediated regulation of cell migration, invasion, and scattering. Furthermore, we confirmed that HER2 enhanced cell proliferation but not migration through p27 and independent ∆Np63a. The results revealed that ∆Np63α contributed to the inhibition of HER2-induced metastasis. Collectively, our findings may further our understanding of the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengqing Ye
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Chen TY, Liu CH, Chen TH, Chen MR, Liu SW, Lin P, Lin KMC. Conditioned Media of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Suppresses Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Extract Induced Cell Death and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112069. [PMID: 34769496 PMCID: PMC8584490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung epithelial cells is increasingly being recognized as a key stage in the development of COPD, fibrosis, and lung cancers, which are all highly associated with cigarette smoking and with exposure to second-hand smoke. Using the exposure of human lung cancer epithelial A549 cells and non-cancerous Beas-2B cells to sidestream cigarette smoke extract (CSE) as a model, we studied the protective effects of adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) against CSE-induced cell death and EMT. CSE dose-dependently induced cell death, decreased epithelial markers, and increased the expression of mesenchymal markers. Upstream regulator analysis of differentially expressed genes after CSE exposure revealed similar pathways as those observed in typical EMT induced by TGF-β1. CSE-induced cell death was clearly attenuated by ADSC-CM but not by other control media, such as a pass-through fraction of ADSC-CM or A549-CM. ADSC-CM effectively inhibited CSE-induced EMT and was able to reverse the gradual loss of epithelial marker expression associated with TGF-β1 treatment. CSE or TGF-β1 enhanced the speed of A549 migration by 2- to 3-fold, and ADSC-CM was effective in blocking the cell migration induced by either agent. Future work will build on the results of this in vitro study by defining the molecular mechanisms through which ADSC-CM protects lung epithelial cells from EMT induced by toxicants in second-hand smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.)
| | - Chia-Hao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.)
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.)
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 600566, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ru Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.)
| | - Shan-Wen Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.)
- Institute of Population Health, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Kurt Ming-Chao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-H.L.); (T.-H.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37206166 (ext. 37118)
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Pal AS, Bains M, Agredo A, Kasinski AL. Identification of microRNAs that promote erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 189:114154. [PMID: 32681833 PMCID: PMC7854807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, demanding improvement in current treatment modalities to reduce the mortality rates. Lung cancer is divided into two major classes with non-small cell lung cancer representing ~84% of lung cancer cases. One strategy widely used to treat non-small cell lung cancer patients includes targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using EGFR-inhibitors, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib. However, most patients develop resistance to EGFR-inhibitors within a year post-treatment. Although some mechanisms that drive resistance to EGFR-inhibitors have been identified, there are many cases in which the mechanisms are unknown. Thus, in this study, we examined the role of microRNAs in driving EGFR-inhibitor resistance. As mediators of critical pro-growth pathways, microRNAs are severely dysregulated in multiple diseases, including non-small cell lung cancer where microRNA dysregulation also contributes to drug resistance. In this work, through screening of 2019 mature microRNAs, multiple microRNAs were identified that drive EGFR-inhibitor resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, including miR-432-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Life Sciences Interdisciplinary Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - M Bains
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A Agredo
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Life Sciences Interdisciplinary Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Martiniano B. Molecular recognition of tak-285 and lapatinib by inactive, active, and middle active-inactive HER2. J Mol Model 2021; 27:105. [PMID: 33686576 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies have provided structural information regarding the shift from inactive to active EGFR, throughout which both conformations are linked via binding to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. For HER2, an intermediate active-inactive receptor conformation is present in the PDB, which has been co-crystallized with tak-285. The affinity of HER2 in monomeric state to tak-285 has been previously reported. However, the lack of structural knowledge of HER2 limits our capacity to understand whether tak-285, or other known HER2 inhibitors, selectively bind active, inactive, or intermediate forms of HER2. To elucidate mechanisms by which tak-285 binds to HER2, we first obtained information regarding the structural features of the active state of HER2 via microsecond MD simulations from the crystallized intermediate structure previously determined. Based on these HER2 conformers, together with the inactive HER2 conformer obtained in a previous study, we used docking and MD simulations coupled to MMGBSA approach to assess binding of tak-285 and lapatinib, known HER2/EGFR dual inhibitors, to HER2. Structural and energetic studies revealed that tak-285 binds with a greater affinity than lapatinib to active and intermediate active-inactive forms of HER2. This is in accordance with experimental findings that showed the tak-285 inhibitor has increased activity relative to lapatinib in breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bello Martiniano
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, CP: 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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Chang WC, Kim HK, Shin BK. Clinicopathological features and diagnostic methods of ALK fusion‑positive non‑small cell lung cancer in Korea. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:218-228. [PMID: 31746406 PMCID: PMC6908939 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in Korea. A significant amount of effort has been put into the development of new and more effective treatments and biological markers for the prediction of therapeutic responses, which has led to the identification of various genetic changes in cancer, that are the so-called ‘growth drivers’ of carcinogenesis. Certain genetic alterations have become new treatment targets, and it has been suggested that different mutations are associated with different clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the status of the key ‘driver’ mutation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion in Korean patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with clinicopathological characteristics, including the presence of other genetic mutations. The present study also compared different methods for ALK fusion detection, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to evaluate which method is the most effective. A total of 482 patients with NSCLC who underwent ALK FISH analysis were evaluated for clinicopathological features, such as age, sex, smoking history, tumor stage, histological subtype, immunohistochemical profile, including ALK and EGFR mutation statuses, and survival. Some ALK FISH-positive and -negative cancers were newly submitted to NGS analysis for DNA and RNA alterations. The ALK fusion-positive tumors were associated with a younger age, female patients, frequent nodal metastases, advanced stage and shorter survival. Comparing the results of ALK FISH, IHC and NGS analyses, it was concluded that in practice, ALK testing should better be diversified concerning FISH and IHC, and NGS analysis would be a good alternative to FISH, with an additional advantage of being able to concurrently detect different mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Chul Chang
- Korea University Graduate School, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Kyeom Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyung Shin
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kong X, Zhang K, Wang X, Yang X, Li Y, Zhai J, Xing Z, Qi Y, Gao R, Feng X, Wang J, Fang Y. Mechanism of trastuzumab resistance caused by HER-2 mutation in breast carcinomas. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5971-5982. [PMID: 31308740 PMCID: PMC6618040 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s194137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trastuzumab is an effective drug for the treatment of Her2-positive breast cancer. But, primary or secondary resistances to trastuzumab have become an important factor influencing the curative effect. The mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance are somewhat complex. The present work aims to explore the mechanism of trastuzumab resistance caused by HER-2 mutation in breast carcinomas. Methods: Firstly, the HER2 wild type (WT) and HER2 mutant (HER2 Q429R, HER2 Q429H and HER2 T798M are the commonest 3 types of mutations) MCF7 cell lines were established. Cell proliferation inhibition was then assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and BrdU assay. Transwell invasion assays were also conducted to investigate the metastatic potential influenced by the HER2 mutation. Furthermore, Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were conducted to detect protein levels and the physical interaction of HER2 and trastuzumab. Results: The results showed that the mutant MCF7 cells were less sensitive to trastuzumab than the WTMCF7 cells. The mutation of HER2 almost had no influence on the expression of HER2 and the interaction of HER2 and trastuzumab. Finally, the mutation of HER2 weakened the inhibition of trastuzumab in the PI3K/AKT pathways. In addition, the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling-pathway increased the trastuzumab-sensitivity of HER2-mutant MCF7 cells. Conclusions: Dysregulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling-pathway was a key mechanism inducing the trastuzumab-resistance to HER2 mutant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114-3117, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhai
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Xing
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Qi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Gao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
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9
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Chen Y, Zhang Y. Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700964. [PMID: 29938175 PMCID: PMC6010891 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that drug resistance is a great obstacle in breast cancer therapy. It renders the disease uncontrollable and causes high mortality. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development of drug resistance, but the underlying cause is usually a shift in the genetic composition of tumor cells. It is increasingly feasible to engineer the genome with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated (Cas)9 technology recently developed, which might be advantageous in overcoming drug resistance. This article discusses how the CRISPR/Cas9 system might revert resistance gene mutations and identify potential resistance targets in drug-resistant breast cancer. In addition, the challenges that impede the clinical applicability of this technology and highlight the CRISPR/Cas9 systems are presented. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is poised to play an important role in preventing drug resistance in breast cancer therapy and will become an essential tool for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinnan Chen
- School of Molecular SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi Province710061P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and EngineeringXi'an710061P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & CommenceXianyang712046P. R. China
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Shih J, Bashir B, Gustafson KS, Andrake M, Dunbrack RL, Goldstein LJ, Boumber Y. Cancer Signature Investigation: ERBB2 (HER2)-Activating Mutation and Amplification-Positive Breast Carcinoma Mimicking Lung Primary. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2016; 13:947-52. [PMID: 26285240 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2015.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing of primary and metachronous metastatic cancer lesions may impact patient care. We present a case of relapsed metastatic breast cancer with a dominant pulmonary lesion originally identified as lung adenocarcinoma. A 72-year-old, never-smoker woman with a protracted cough was found to have a large lung mass and regional lymphadenopathy on a chest CT. Lung mass biopsy showed adenocarcinoma with focal TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor 1) positivity, favoring a lung primary. In addition to stereotactic brain radiation for cerebral metastases, she was started on carboplatin/pemetrexed. As part of the workup, the tumor was analyzed by a 50-gene targeted mutation panel, which detected 3 somatic mutations: ERBB2 (HER2) D769H activating missense mutation, TP53 Y126 inactivating truncating mutation, and SMARCB1 R374Q missense mutation. Of note, the patient had a history of stage IIA triple-negative grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast 1.5 years ago and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation, and underwent a lumpectomy. Further analysis of her primary breast tumor showed a mutational profile identical to that of the lung tumor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed HER2 amplification in the lung tumor, with a HER2/CEP17 ratio of 3.9. The patient was diagnosed with recurrent HER2-positive metastatic breast carcinoma with a coexisting ERBB2 (HER2) activating mutation. Chemotherapy was adjusted to include dual HER2-targeted therapy containing trastuzumab and pertuzumab, resulting in an ongoing partial response. This case demonstrates that a unique genetic mutational profile can clarify whether a tumor represents a metastatic lesion or new malignancy when conventional morphological and immunohistochemical methods are indeterminate, and can directly impact treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Shih
- From Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath System, Philadelphia; Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington; and Molecular Therapeutics Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Babar Bashir
- From Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath System, Philadelphia; Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington; and Molecular Therapeutics Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen S Gustafson
- From Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath System, Philadelphia; Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington; and Molecular Therapeutics Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Andrake
- From Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath System, Philadelphia; Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington; and Molecular Therapeutics Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- From Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath System, Philadelphia; Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington; and Molecular Therapeutics Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lori J Goldstein
- From Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath System, Philadelphia; Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington; and Molecular Therapeutics Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanis Boumber
- From Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath System, Philadelphia; Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington; and Molecular Therapeutics Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. From Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Heath System, Philadelphia; Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington; and Molecular Therapeutics Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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11
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Zhang K, Wang H. [Role of HER2 in NSCLC]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2016; 18:644-51. [PMID: 26483338 PMCID: PMC6000084 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.10.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
过去几年中, 随着分子靶向药物的引入, 非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)的药物治疗策略发生了巨大变化, 向基于组织学和分子水平的治疗手段转变。表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)突变、Kirsten鼠肉瘤(Kirsten rat sarcoma, KRAS)癌基因突变、间变淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK)重排等的发现, 影响着NSCLC治疗的发展。最近, 对人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2)研究重燃兴趣, 这一基因改变与NSCLC对不同酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKIs)的敏感性相关, 其具有可能的预测作用, HER2扩增可能是EGFR突变肿瘤对EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药的机制之一。其次, HER2突变可能阐明一条新的靶向治疗NSCLC的策略。本文将对NSCLC中HER2异常调节发挥的作用做一简要介绍。
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Lung Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of The PLA Military Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Lung Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of The PLA Military Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has dramatically changed in the last few years with the introduction of molecularly targeted agents, leading to unprecedented results in lung tumors with a paradigmatic shift from a "one size fits all" approach to an histologic and molecular-based approach. The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in NSCLC in 2004 and the marked response to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, in a small subset of patients harboring these genetic abnormalities, stimulated the study of other kinase mutants involvement in NSCLC. The incredible story of ALK rearranged tumors, with the rapid Food and Drug Administration approval of Crizotinib after only 4 years from the discovery of EML4-ALK translocation in NSCLC, has profoundly influenced the concept of drug development in NSCLC, paving the way to a novel series of molecularly selected studies with specific inhibitors. The identification of these oncogenic drivers has dramatically changed the genetic landscape of NSCLC moving away from the old concept of a large indistinct histological entity to a combination of rare clinically relevant molecular subsets. Recently, a renewed interest has been emerging on the human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) pathway. Genetic aberrations of this signaling pathway have been reported over time to be associated in NSCLC with different sensitivity to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, to have a possible prognostic role and more recently HER2 amplification has been emerged as a possible mechanism in EGFR-mutated tumors of acquired resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In addition, dysregulation of the HER2 pathway, in particular HER2 mutations (mostly, in-frame exon 20 insertions), may represent a possible novel therapeutic target in NSCLC, paving the way for a new generation of targeted agents in NSCLC. Since anecdotal case reports of clinical activity of anti-HER2 agents in NSCLC patients with HER2 mutations, several targeted agents have been evaluated in HER2-mutated patients, generating a growing interest upon this oncogenic driver, leading to the design of molecularly selected trials with anti-HER2 compounds and the rediscover of hastily thrown out drugs, such as neratinib. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the role of HER2 dysregulation in NSCLCs, trying to throw a light not only on the strengths but also the weaknesses of the studies conducted so far. It is a long way to the clinical implementation of these biomarkers and probably the increasing use of next generation sequencing techniques, the creation of large multi-institutional molecular testing platforms and the design of rationally based trials can get closer personalized medicine in NSCLC.
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Li C, Gao Z, Li F, Li X, Sun Y, Wang M, Li D, Wang R, Li F, Fang R, Pan Y, Luo X, He J, Zheng L, Xia J, Qiu L, He J, Ye T, Zhang R, He M, Zhu M, Hu H, Shi T, Zhou X, Sun M, Tian S, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Chen L, Yin G, Lu J, Wu R, Guo G, Li Y, Hu X, Li L, Asan A, Wang Q, Yin Y, Feng Q, Wang B, Wang H, Wang M, Yang X, Zhang X, Yang H, Jin L, Wang CY, Ji H, Chen H, Wang J, Wei Q. Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Frequent Somatic Mutations in Cell-Cell Adhesion Genes in Chinese Patients with Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14237. [PMID: 26503331 PMCID: PMC4621504 DOI: 10.1038/srep14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) accounts for about 30% of all lung cancer cases. Understanding of mutational landscape for this subtype of lung cancer in Chinese patients is currently limited. We performed whole exome sequencing in samples from 100 patients with lung SQCCs to search for somatic mutations and the subsequent target capture sequencing in another 98 samples for validation. We identified 20 significantly mutated genes, including TP53, CDH10, NFE2L2 and PTEN. Pathways with frequently mutated genes included those of cell-cell adhesion/Wnt/Hippo in 76%, oxidative stress response in 21%, and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase in 36% of the tested tumor samples. Mutations of Chromatin regulatory factor genes were identified at a lower frequency. In functional assays, we observed that knockdown of CDH10 promoted cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation, cell migration and cell invasion, and overexpression of CDH10 inhibited cell proliferation. This mutational landscape of lung SQCC in Chinese patients improves our current understanding of lung carcinogenesis, early diagnosis and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhibo Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiangchun Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive. Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yihua Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fuming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yunjian Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyang Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Jufeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lixin Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun He
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruoxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haichuan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tingyan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Menghong Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Yong Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | | | | | - Jingya Lu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | | | - Xueda Hu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Lin Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - A Asan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Qin Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ye Yin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | - Bin Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hang Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | - Xiaonan Yang
- BGI-Shanghai, Eastern CHINA, BGI-Shenzhen, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | | | | | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Lab of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry and Jonsson Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
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Sun Z, Shi Y, Shen Y, Cao L, Zhang W, Guan X. Analysis of different HER-2 mutations in breast cancer progression and drug resistance. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2691-701. [PMID: 26305917 PMCID: PMC4687700 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the last two decades have identified that amplified human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER‐2; c‐erbB‐2, neu) and its overexpression have been frequently implicated in the carcinogenesis and prognosis in a variety of solid tumours, especially breast cancer. Lots of painstaking efforts were invested on the HER‐2 targeted agents, and significantly improved outcome and prolonged the survival of patients. However, some patients classified as ‘HER‐2‐positive’ would be still resistant to the anti‐HER‐2 therapy. Various mechanisms of drug resistance have been illustrated and the alteration of HER‐2 was considered as a crucial mechanism. However, systematic researches in regard to the HER‐2 mutations and variants are still inadequate. Notably, the alterations of HER‐2 play an important role in drug resistance, but also have a potential association with the cancer risk. In this review, we summarize the possible mutations and focus on HER‐2 variants’ role in breast cancer tumourigenesis. Additionally, the alteration of HER‐2, as a potential mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab, is discussed here. We hope that HER‐2 related activating mutations could potentially offer more therapeutic opportunities to a broader range of patients than previously classified as HER‐2 overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijia Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Predictive Biomarker Profiling of > 6000 Breast Cancer Patients Shows Heterogeneity in TNBC, With Treatment Implications. Clin Breast Cancer 2015; 15:473-481.e3. [PMID: 26051240 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease without established targeted treatment options for patients with metastatic disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate potentially actionable biomarkers in a large cohort of TNBC and compare them with non-TNBCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 6341 (2111 TNBC and 4230 non-TNBC) breast cancer samples at a central laboratory for biomarkers of potential drug response across multiple platforms, including gene sequencing, protein expression, and gene copy number. RESULTS TNBC expresses androgen receptor (AR) in a significantly (P < .05) lower percentage of cases (17%) than hormone receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast carcinomas (59% and 79%, respectively), and gene comutations were differentially associated with AR-positive versus AR-negative cases. Higher AR expression levels in TNBC predicted for lower Ki-67 levels. Seventy percent of TNBC harbored a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1), or phosophatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) aberration. TNBC patients had a significantly lower PIK3CA mutation rate (13%) than all other subtypes (P < .05) and a higher tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutation rate (64%) than the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cases (approximately 30%; P < .05). Topoisomerase 2 (TOP2A) amplification was observed in 1.3% of TNBC and in 1.6% of HER2-negative, HR-positive cancers; in contrast, HER2-positive, HR-negative or HR-positive cancers exhibited TOP2A amplification in 19% and 40% of cases, respectively (P <.05). CONCLUSION Multi-platform molecular profiling identifies subgroups of TNBC with different biomarker profiles, suggesting numerous potentially targetable alterations in TNBC. TNBC is further characterized by different gene mutations and proliferative activity relative to AR expression, highlighting a need for comprehensive pathologic examination with potential to develop different, individualized treatment options.
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Suzuki M, Shiraishi K, Yoshida A, Shimada Y, Suzuki K, Asamura H, Furuta K, Kohno T, Tsuta K. HER2 gene mutations in non-small cell lung carcinomas: Concurrence with her2 gene amplification and her2 protein expression and phosphorylation. Lung Cancer 2015; 87:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Churi CR, Shroff R, Wang Y, Rashid A, Kang HC, Weatherly J, Zuo M, Zinner R, Hong D, Meric-Bernstam F, Janku F, Crane CH, Mishra L, Vauthey JN, Wolff RA, Mills G, Javle M. Mutation profiling in cholangiocarcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115383. [PMID: 25536104 PMCID: PMC4275227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is clinically heterogeneous; intra and extrahepatic CCA have diverse clinical presentations. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology may identify the genetic differences between these entities and identify molecular subgroups for targeted therapeutics. Methods We describe successful NGS-based testing of 75 CCA patients along with the prognostic and therapeutic implications of findings. Mutation profiling was performed using either a) NGS panel of hotspot regions in 46 cancer-related genes using a 318-chip on Ion PGM Sequencer or b) Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform for 3,769 exons of 236 cancer-related genes plus 47 introns from 19 genes to an average depth of 1000X. Clinical data was abstracted and correlated with clinical outcome. Patients with targetable mutations were referred to appropriate clinical trials. Results There were significant differences between intrahepatic (n = 55) and extrahepatic CCA (n = 20) in regard to the nature and frequency of the genetic aberrations (GAs). IDH1 and DNA repair gene alterations occurred more frequently in intrahepatic CCA, while ERBB2 GAs occurred in the extrahepatic group. Commonly occurring GAs in intrahepatic CCA were TP53 (35%), KRAS (24%), ARID1A (20%), IDH1 (18%), MCL1 (16%) and PBRM1 (11%). Most frequent GAs in extrahepatic CCA (n = 20) were TP53 (45%), KRAS (40%), ERBB2 (25%), SMAD4 (25%), FBXW7 (15%) and CDKN2A (15%). In intrahepatic CCA, KRAS, TP53 or MAPK/mTOR GAs were significantly associated with a worse prognosis while FGFR GAs correlated with a relatively indolent disease course. IDH1 GAs did not have any prognostic significance. GAs in the chromatin modulating genes, BAP1 and PBRM1 were associated with bone metastases and worse survival in extrahepatic CCA. Radiologic responses and clinical benefit was noted with EGFR, FGFR, C-met, B-RAF and MEK inhibitors. Conclusion There are significant genetic differences between intra and extrahepatic CCA. NGS can potentially identify disease subsets with distinct prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya R. Churi
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachna Shroff
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Asif Rashid
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - HyunSeon C. Kang
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Weatherly
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mingxin Zuo
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ralph Zinner
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Hong
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Filip Janku
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher H. Crane
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lopa Mishra
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jean-Nicholas Vauthey
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Wolff
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gordon Mills
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Milind Javle
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li G, Wang X, Hibshoosh H, Jin C, Halmos B. Modulation of ErbB2 blockade in ErbB2-positive cancers: the role of ErbB2 Mutations and PHLDA1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106349. [PMID: 25238247 PMCID: PMC4169529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to study the key effectors of resistance and sensitivity to ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib in ErbB2-positive breast and lung cancers. A cell-based in vitro site-directed mutagenesis lapatinib resistance model identified several mutations, including the gatekeeper ErbB2 mutation ErbB2-T798I, as mediating resistance. ErbB2-T798I engineered cell models indeed show resistance to lapatinib but remain sensitive to the irreversible EGFR/ErbB2 inhibitor, PD168393, suggestive of potential alternative treatment strategies to overcome resistance. Gene expression profiling studies identified a select group of downstream targets regulated by ErbB2 signaling and define PHLDA1 as an immediately downregulated gene upon oncogenic ErbB2 signaling inhibition. We find significant down-regulation of PHLDA1 in primary breast cancer and PHLDA1 is statistically significantly less expressed in ErbB2 negative compared with ErbB2 positive tumors consistent with its regulation by ErbB2. Lastly, PHLDA1 overexpression blocks AKT signaling, inhibits cell growth and enhances lapatinib sensitivity further supporting an important negative growth regulator function. Our findings suggest that PHLDA1 might have key inhibitory functions in ErbB2 driven lung and breast cancer cells and a better understanding of its functions might point at novel therapeutic options. In summary, our studies define novel ways of modulating sensitivity and resistance to ErbB2 inhibition in ErbB2-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals of Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cheng Jin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Feng S, Ling H, Guo H, Tong L, Hu G, Liao L, Lv X, Tan H, Wu Y. Infrequent ERBB2 mutations in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:503-6. [PMID: 24822110 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ERBB2 mutations have been reported to occur in a subset of patients with lung adenocarcinomas or lung squamous cell carcinomas for some ethnicities, but it is unclear for Chinese patients with lung squamous cell carcinomas up to now. We retrospectively evaluated the status of ERBB2 mutations in a large cross-sectional cohort of 212 Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosed in several hospitals from southern China during a time period of 1.5 years by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based direct sequencing and PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. ERBB2 mutation was found in 1 of 49 lung adenocarcinomas (2.0%) and none in lung squamous cell carcinomas and lung adenosquamous carcinomas. It implies the occurrence of ERBB2 mutations is infrequent in Chinese patients with NSCLC, especially in lung squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuidong Feng
- 1 Basic Medical Postdoctoral Research Station, 2 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ; 4 The Pathology Department, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China ; 5 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China ; 6 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hongyan Ling
- 1 Basic Medical Postdoctoral Research Station, 2 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ; 4 The Pathology Department, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China ; 5 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China ; 6 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hui Guo
- 1 Basic Medical Postdoctoral Research Station, 2 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ; 4 The Pathology Department, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China ; 5 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China ; 6 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lingling Tong
- 1 Basic Medical Postdoctoral Research Station, 2 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ; 4 The Pathology Department, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China ; 5 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China ; 6 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Guobin Hu
- 1 Basic Medical Postdoctoral Research Station, 2 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ; 4 The Pathology Department, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China ; 5 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China ; 6 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Liao
- 1 Basic Medical Postdoctoral Research Station, 2 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ; 4 The Pathology Department, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China ; 5 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China ; 6 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xueying Lv
- 1 Basic Medical Postdoctoral Research Station, 2 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ; 4 The Pathology Department, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China ; 5 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China ; 6 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- 1 Basic Medical Postdoctoral Research Station, 2 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ; 4 The Pathology Department, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China ; 5 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China ; 6 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- 1 Basic Medical Postdoctoral Research Station, 2 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, 3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ; 4 The Pathology Department, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China ; 5 Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China ; 6 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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20
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Targeting the EGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Tyrosine kinome profiling: oncogenic mutations and therapeutic targeting in cancer. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Telesco SE, Vadigepalli R, Radhakrishnan R. Molecular modeling of ErbB4/HER4 kinase in the context of the HER4 signaling network helps rationalize the effects of clinically identified HER4 somatic mutations on the cell phenotype. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1452-64. [PMID: 24318637 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the ErbB/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases, the deregulation of the EGFR/ErbB1/HER1, HER2/ErbB2, and HER3/ErbB3 kinases is associated with several cancers, while the HER4/ErbB4 kinase has been shown to play an anti-carcinogenic role in certain tumors. We present molecular and network models of HER4/ErbB4 activation and signaling in order to elucidate molecular mechanisms of activation and rationalize the effects of the clinically identified HER4 somatic mutants. Our molecular-scale simulations identify the important role played by the interactions within the juxtamembrane region during the activation process. Our results also support the hypothesis that the HER4 mutants may heterodimerize but not activate, resulting in blockage of the HER4-STAT5 differentiation pathway, in favor of the proliferative PI3K/AKT pathway. Translating our molecular simulation results into a cellular pathway model of wild type versus mutant HER4 signaling, we are able to recapitulate the major features of the PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT activation downstream of HER4. Our model predicts that the signaling downstream of the wild type HER4 is enriched for the JAK-STAT pathway, whereas downstream of the mutant HER4 is enriched for the PI3K/AKT pathway. HER4 mutations may hence constitute a cellular shift from a program of differentiation to that of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Telesco
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Rexer BN, Ghosh R, Narasanna A, Estrada MV, Chakrabarty A, Song Y, Engelman JA, Arteaga CL. Human breast cancer cells harboring a gatekeeper T798M mutation in HER2 overexpress EGFR ligands and are sensitive to dual inhibition of EGFR and HER2. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5390-401. [PMID: 23948973 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes can confer resistance to receptor-targeted therapies. A T798M mutation in the HER2 oncogene has been shown to confer resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) lapatinib. We studied the mechanisms of HER2-T798M-induced resistance to identify potential strategies to overcome that resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HER2-T798M was stably expressed in BT474 and MCF10A cells. Mutant cells and xenografts were evaluated for effects of the mutation on proliferation, signaling, and tumor growth after treatment with combinations of inhibitors targeting the EGFR/HER2/HER3/PI3K axis. RESULTS A low 3% allelic frequency of the T798M mutant shifted 10-fold the IC50 of lapatinib. In mutant-expressing cells, lapatinib did not block basal phosphorylation of HER2, HER3, AKT, and ERK1/2. In vitro kinase assays showed increased autocatalytic activity of HER2-T798M. HER3 association with PI3K p85 was increased in mutant-expressing cells. BT474-T798M cells were also resistant to the HER2 antibody trastuzumab. These cells were sensitive to the pan-PI3K inhibitors BKM120 and XL147 and the irreversible HER2/EGFR TKI afatinib but not the MEK1/2 inhibitor CI-1040, suggesting continued dependence of the mutant cells on ErbB receptors and downstream PI3K signaling. BT474-T798M cells showed increased expression of the EGFR ligands EGF, TGFα, amphiregulin, and HB-EGF. Addition of the EGFR neutralizing antibody cetuximab or lapatinib restored trastuzumab sensitivity of BT474-T798M cells and xenografts, suggesting that increased EGFR ligand production was causally associated with drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous blockade of HER2 and EGFR should be an effective treatment strategy against HER2 gene-amplified breast cancer cells harboring T798M mutant alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent N Rexer
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Collier TS, Diraviyam K, Monsey J, Shen W, Sept D, Bose R. Carboxyl group footprinting mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics identify key interactions in the HER2-HER3 receptor tyrosine kinase interface. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25254-25264. [PMID: 23843458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.474882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase is a driver oncogene in many human cancers, including breast and gastric cancer. Under physiologic levels of expression, HER2 heterodimerizes with other members of the EGF receptor/HER/ErbB family, and the HER2-HER3 dimer forms one of the most potent oncogenic receptor pairs. Previous structural biology studies have individually crystallized the kinase domains of HER2 and HER3, but the HER2-HER3 kinase domain heterodimer structure has yet to be solved. Using a reconstituted membrane system to form HER2-HER3 kinase domain heterodimers and carboxyl group footprinting mass spectrometry, we observed that HER2 and HER3 kinase domains preferentially form asymmetric heterodimers with HER3 and HER2 monomers occupying the donor and acceptor kinase positions, respectively. Conformational changes in the HER2 activation loop, as measured by changes in carboxyl group labeling, required both dimerization and nucleotide binding but did not require activation loop phosphorylation at Tyr-877. Molecular dynamics simulations on HER2-HER3 kinase dimers identify specific inter- and intramolecular interactions and were in good agreement with MS measurements. Specifically, several intermolecular ionic interactions between HER2 Lys-716-HER3 Glu-909, HER2 Glu-717-HER3 Lys-907, and HER2 Asp-871-HER3 Arg-948 were identified by molecular dynamics. We also evaluated the effect of the cancer-associated mutations HER2 D769H/D769Y, HER3 E909G, and HER3 R948K (also numbered HER3 E928G and R967K) on kinase activity in the context of this new structural model. This study provides valuable insights into the EGF receptor/HER/ErbB kinase structure and interactions, which can guide the design of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karthikeyan Diraviyam
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - John Monsey
- From the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Wei Shen
- From the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - David Sept
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ron Bose
- From the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, and; the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and.
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25
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Dulak AM, Stojanov P, Peng S, Lawrence MS, Fox C, Stewart C, Bandla S, Imamura Y, Schumacher SE, Shefler E, McKenna A, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Carter SL, Saksena G, Voet D, Ramos AH, Auclair D, Thompson K, Sougnez C, Onofrio RC, Guiducci C, Beroukhim R, Zhou D, Lin L, Lin J, Reddy R, Chang A, Luketich JD, Pennathur A, Ogino S, Golub TR, Gabriel SB, Lander ES, Beer DG, Godfrey TE, Getz G, Bass AJ. Exome and whole-genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent driver events and mutational complexity. Nat Genet 2013; 45:478-86. [PMID: 23525077 PMCID: PMC3678719 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has risen 600% over the last 30 years. With a 5-year survival rate of ~15%, the identification of new therapeutic targets for EAC is greatly important. We analyze the mutation spectra from whole-exome sequencing of 149 EAC tumor-normal pairs, 15 of which have also been subjected to whole-genome sequencing. We identify a mutational signature defined by a high prevalence of A>C transversions at AA dinucleotides. Statistical analysis of exome data identified 26 significantly mutated genes. Of these genes, five (TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, ARID1A and PIK3CA) have previously been implicated in EAC. The new significantly mutated genes include chromatin-modifying factors and candidate contributors SPG20, TLR4, ELMO1 and DOCK2. Functional analyses of EAC-derived mutations in ELMO1 identifies increased cellular invasion. Therefore, we suggest the potential activation of the RAC1 pathway as a contributor to EAC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M. Dulak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Petar Stojanov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shouyong Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael S. Lawrence
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Cameron Fox
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Santhoshi Bandla
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yu Imamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven E. Schumacher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erica Shefler
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kristian Cibulskis
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrey Sivachenko
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Scott L. Carter
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gordon Saksena
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Douglas Voet
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alex H. Ramos
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Auclair
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kristin Thompson
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carrie Sougnez
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert C. Onofrio
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Candace Guiducci
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jules Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rishindra Reddy
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James D. Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd R. Golub
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Stacey B. Gabriel
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David G. Beer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tony E. Godfrey
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Adam J. Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Perez-Moreno P, Brambilla E, Thomas R, Soria JC. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: molecular subtypes and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2443-51. [PMID: 22407829 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Next to adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung is the most frequent histologic subtype in non-small cell lung cancer. Encouraging new treatments (i.e., bevacizumab, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and ALK inhibitors) have afforded benefits to patients with adenocarcinoma, but unfortunately the same is not true for SCC. However, many genomic abnormalities are present in SCC, and there is growing evidence of their biologic significance. Thus, in the short term, the molecular characterization of patients with SCC in modern profiling platforms will probably be as important as deciphering the molecular genetics of adenocarcinoma. Patients with SCC of the lung harboring specific molecular defects that are actionable (e.g., fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 amplification, discoidin domain receptor 2 mutation, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase amplification) should be enrolled in prospective clinical trials targeting such molecular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Perez-Moreno
- Département de Médecine, Unité INSERM U 981, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
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27
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Tomizawa K, Suda K, Onozato R, Kosaka T, Endoh H, Sekido Y, Shigematsu H, Kuwano H, Yatabe Y, Mitsudomi T. Prognostic and predictive implications of HER2/ERBB2/neu gene mutations in lung cancers. Lung Cancer 2011; 74:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Telesco SE, Shih AJ, Jia F, Radhakrishnan R. A multiscale modeling approach to investigate molecular mechanisms of pseudokinase activation and drug resistance in the HER3/ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling network. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:2066-80. [PMID: 21509365 PMCID: PMC3138520 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiscale modeling provides a powerful and quantitative platform for investigating the complexity inherent in intracellular signaling pathways and rationalizing the effects of molecular perturbations on downstream signaling events and ultimately, on the cell phenotype. Here we describe the application of a multiscale modeling scheme to the HER3/ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling network, which regulates critical cellular processes including proliferation, migration and differentiation. The HER3 kinase is a topic of current interest and investigation, as it has been implicated in mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) of EGFR and HER2 in the treatment of many human malignancies. Moreover, the commonly regarded status of HER3 as a catalytically inactive 'pseudokinase' has recently been challenged by our previous study, which demonstrated robust residual kinase activity for HER3. Through our multiscale model, we investigate the most significant molecular interactions that contribute to potential mechanisms of HER3 activity and the physiological relevance of this activity to mechanisms of drug resistance in an ErbB-driven tumor cell in silico. The results of our molecular-scale simulations support the characterization of HER3 as a weakly active kinase that, in contrast to its fully-active ErbB family members, depends upon a unique hydrophobic interface to coordinate the alignment of specific catalytic residues required for its activity. Translating our molecular simulation results of the uniquely active behavior of the HER3 kinase into a physiologically relevant environment, our HER3 signaling model demonstrates that even a weak level of HER3 activity may be sufficient to induce AKT signaling and TKI resistance in the context of an ErbB signaling-dependent tumor cell, and therefore therapeutic targeting of HER3 may represent a superior treatment strategy for specific ErbB-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Telesco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J. Shih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fei Jia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
As the upward spiral of novel cancer gene discoveries and novel molecular compounds continues to accelerate, a repetitive theme in molecular drug development remains the lack of activity of initially promising agents when given to patients in clinical trials. It is however invigorating that a few targeted agents directed against a select group of a few 'cancer gene superfamilies' have escaped this all to common fate, and have evolved into novel, clinically meaningful molecular therapy strategies. Targeting dysregulated signaling of the epidermal growth factor family of transmembrane receptors (Erbb family) has encompassed over the last decade an ever increasing role in personalized treatment approaches in an increasing number of human malignancies. Erbbs are receptor tyrosine kinases that are important regulators of several signaling pathways. Two of its family members (Erbb1/EGFR and Erbb2/HER2) have previously been shown to be somatically mutated in large fraction of human cancers. To determine if this family is somatically mutated in melanoma, its sequences were recently analyzed and one of its members, Erbb4, was found to be somatically mutated in 19% of melanoma cases. Functional analysis of seven of its mutations was shown to increase its catalytic and transformation abilities as well as providing essential survival signals. Similar to other Erbb family members, mutant Erbb4 seems to confer 'oncogene addiction' on melanoma cells, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Gaining further understanding into the oncogenic mechanism of Erbb4 may not only help in the development of targeted therapy in melanoma patients but might accelerate the acceptance of a novel taxonomy of cancer which is based on the genomic perturbations in cancer genes and cancer gene families and their response to targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Rudloff
- National Cancer Institute, Surgery Branch, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Yardena Samuels
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics Branch, Bethesda, MD USA
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30
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Telesco SE, Radhakrishnan R. Atomistic insights into regulatory mechanisms of the HER2 tyrosine kinase domain: a molecular dynamics study. Biophys J 2009; 96:2321-34. [PMID: 19289058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 (ErbB2/Neu) is a receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ErbB family and is overexpressed in 20-30% of human breast cancers. Although several crystal structures of ErbB kinases have been solved, the precise mechanism of HER2 activation remains unknown, and it has been suggested that HER2 is unique in its requirement for phosphorylation of Y877, a key tyrosine residue located in the activation loop. To elucidate mechanistic details of kinase domain regulation, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of a homology-modeled HER2 kinase structure in active and inactive conformations. Principal component analysis of the atomistic fluctuations reveals a tight coupling between the activation loop and catalytic loop that may contribute to alignment of residues required for catalysis in the active kinase. The free energy perturbation method is also employed to predict a role for phosphorylated Y877 in stabilizing the kinase conformations. Finally, simulation results are presented for a HER2/EGFR heterodimer and reveal that the dimeric interface induces a rearrangement of the alphaC helix toward the active conformation. Elucidation of the molecular regulatory mechanisms in HER2 will help establish structure-function relationships in the wild-type kinase, as well as predict mutations with a propensity for constitutive activation in HER2-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Telesco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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31
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Identification of ALK as a major familial neuroblastoma predisposition gene. Nature 2008; 455:930-5. [PMID: 18724359 DOI: 10.1038/nature07261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer that can be inherited, but the genetic aetiology is largely unknown. Here we show that germline mutations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene explain most hereditary neuroblastomas, and that activating mutations can also be somatically acquired. We first identified a significant linkage signal at chromosome bands 2p23-24 using a whole-genome scan in neuroblastoma pedigrees. Resequencing of regional candidate genes identified three separate germline missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of ALK that segregated with the disease in eight separate families. Resequencing in 194 high-risk neuroblastoma samples showed somatically acquired mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain in 12.4% of samples. Nine of the ten mutations map to critical regions of the kinase domain and were predicted, with high probability, to be oncogenic drivers. Mutations resulted in constitutive phosphorylation, and targeted knockdown of ALK messenger RNA resulted in profound inhibition of growth in all cell lines harbouring mutant or amplified ALK, as well as in two out of six wild-type cell lines for ALK. Our results demonstrate that heritable mutations of ALK are the main cause of familial neuroblastoma, and that germline or acquired activation of this cell-surface kinase is a tractable therapeutic target for this lethal paediatric malignancy.
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Trowe T, Boukouvala S, Calkins K, Cutler RE, Fong R, Funke R, Gendreau SB, Kim YD, Miller N, Woolfrey JR, Vysotskaia V, Yang JP, Gerritsen ME, Matthews DJ, Lamb P, Heuer TS. EXEL-7647 inhibits mutant forms of ErbB2 associated with lapatinib resistance and neoplastic transformation. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2465-75. [PMID: 18413839 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations associated with resistance to kinase inhibition are an important mechanism of intrinsic or acquired loss of clinical efficacy for kinase-targeted therapeutics. We report the prospective discovery of ErbB2 mutations that confer resistance to the small-molecule inhibitor lapatinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We did in vitro screening using a randomly mutagenized ErbB2 expression library in Ba/F3 cells, which were dependent on ErbB2 activity for survival and growth. RESULTS Lapatinib resistance screens identified mutations at 16 different ErbB2 amino acid residues, with 12 mutated amino acids mapping to the kinase domain. Mutations conferring the greatest lapatinib resistance cluster in the NH2-terminal kinase lobe and hinge region. Structural computer modeling studies suggest that lapatinib resistance is caused by multiple mechanisms; including direct steric interference and restriction of conformational flexibility (the inactive state required for lapatinib binding is energetically unfavorable). ErbB2 T798I imparts the strongest lapatinib resistance effect and is analogous to the epidermal growth factor receptor T790M, ABL T315I, and cKIT T670I gatekeeper mutations that are associated with clinical drug resistance. ErbB2 mutants associated with lapatinib resistance transformed NIH-3T3 cells, including L755S and T733I mutations known to occur in human breast and gastric carcinomas, supporting a direct mechanism for lapatinib resistance in ErbB2-driven human cancers. The epidermal growth factor receptor/ErbB2/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor EXEL-7647 was found to inhibit almost all lapatinib resistance-associated mutations. Furthermore, no ErbB2 mutations were found to be associated with EXEL-7647 resistance and lapatinib sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest potential target-based mechanisms of resistance to lapatinib and suggest that EXEL-7647 may be able to circumvent these effects.
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Tran PT, Fan AC, Bendapudi PK, Koh S, Komatsubara K, Chen J, Horng G, Bellovin DI, Giuriato S, Wang CS, Whitsett JA, Felsher DW. Combined Inactivation of MYC and K-Ras oncogenes reverses tumorigenesis in lung adenocarcinomas and lymphomas. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2125. [PMID: 18461184 PMCID: PMC2365560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conditional transgenic models have established that tumors require sustained oncogene activation for tumor maintenance, exhibiting the phenomenon known as “oncogene-addiction.” However, most cancers are caused by multiple genetic events making it difficult to determine which oncogenes or combination of oncogenes will be the most effective targets for their treatment. Methodology/Principal Findings To examine how the MYC and K-rasG12D oncogenes cooperate for the initiation and maintenance of tumorigenesis, we generated double conditional transgenic tumor models of lung adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. The ability of MYC and K-rasG12D to cooperate for tumorigenesis and the ability of the inactivation of these oncogenes to result in tumor regression depended upon the specific tissue context. MYC-, K-rasG12D- or MYC/K-rasG12D-induced lymphomas exhibited sustained regression upon the inactivation of either or both oncogenes. However, in marked contrast, MYC-induced lung tumors failed to regress completely upon oncogene inactivation; whereas K-rasG12D-induced lung tumors regressed completely. Importantly, the combined inactivation of both MYC and K-rasG12D resulted more frequently in complete lung tumor regression. To account for the different roles of MYC and K-rasG12D in maintenance of lung tumors, we found that the down-stream mediators of K-rasG12D signaling, Stat3 and Stat5, are dephosphorylated following conditional K-rasG12D but not MYC inactivation. In contrast, Stat3 becomes dephosphorylated in lymphoma cells upon inactivation of MYC and/or K-rasG12D. Interestingly, MYC-induced lung tumors that failed to regress upon MYC inactivation were found to have persistent Stat3 and Stat5 phosphorylation. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our findings point to the importance of the K-Ras and associated down-stream Stat effector pathways in the initiation and maintenance of lymphomas and lung tumors. We suggest that combined targeting of oncogenic pathways is more likely to be effective in the treatment of lung cancers and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc T. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alice C. Fan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Pavan K. Bendapudi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shan Koh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kim Komatsubara
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Joy Chen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - George Horng
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - David I. Bellovin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sylvie Giuriato
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U563 Centre de physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Craig S. Wang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dean W. Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Landau M, Ben-Tal N. Dynamic equilibrium between multiple active and inactive conformations explains regulation and oncogenic mutations in ErbB receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1785:12-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Riely GJ, Politi KA, Miller VA, Pao W. Update on epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:7232-41. [PMID: 17189394 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 2004, several investigators reported that somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene were associated with clinical responses to erlotinib and gefitinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Since then, multiple groups have examined the biological properties that such mutations confer as well as the clinical relevance of these mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Although a tremendous amount of knowledge has been gained in the past 2 years, there remain a number of important epidemiologic, biological, and clinical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Riely
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Blons H, Côté JF, Le Corre D, Riquet M, Fabre-Guilevin E, Laurent-Puig P, Danel C. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in lung cancer are linked to bronchioloalveolar differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 30:1309-15. [PMID: 17001163 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000213285.65907.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In lung cancer, an association was made between drastic clinical response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and the presence of somatic mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR. In some cases, patients with partial response or disease stabilization do not always have EGFR-mutated tumors. To go further in the characterization of the EGF pathway, we screened EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA for mutations in 2 groups of White patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (45 cancers from women and 46 cancers from men). Associations between TP53 mutations, clinicopathologic parameters, and EGF pathway molecular alterations were analyzed. All mutations were exclusive and essentially found in EGFR and KRAS. We demonstrated that EGFR mutations were linked to female sex, absence of smoking, late age at diagnosis, and adenocarcinoma (ADC) with bronchioloalveolar (BAC) features. Moreover, in invasive ADC with BAC component, microdissection assays showed that mutations were retrieved in both tumor subtypes suggesting that EGFR mutations appear early in lung carcinogenesis. On the contrary, KRAS mutations correlated with smoking, younger age at diagnosis, and ADC subtype regardless of BAC differentiation. These results suggest the existence of distinct carcinogenesis pathways both leading to disruption of EGF regulation and targeted either by tobacco carcinogens or by unidentified toxic. The identification of BAC features in ADC helps clustering patients that are more likely to fit the EGFR-mutated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Blons
- Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris V, 75015 Paris, France
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Sonobe M, Manabe T, Wada H, Tanaka F. Lung adenocarcinoma harboring mutations in the ERBB2 kinase domain. J Mol Diagn 2006; 8:351-6. [PMID: 16825508 PMCID: PMC1867605 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ERBB2kinase domain have been reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we describe a detailed search for ERBB2 gene mutations in tumors derived from NSCLC patients. Tumor specimens from 223 patients who underwent resection for NSCLC were examined for the presence of mutations in exons 19 and 20 of the ERBB2gene. Correlations were then made between the expression of these mutations and the clinical characteristics of the patients from which they were derived as well as the tumor's pathological features. ERBB2mutations were observed in four of the above tumors (1.8%), all of which were adenocarcinomas. All ERBB2mutations were in-frame insertions that occurred in exon 20. The patients from whom these tumors were derived were nonsmokers. Three of the tumors were of the papillary subtype, and one was a mixed subtype that consisted of acinar, papillary, and solid components. None of the tumors had a bronchio-alveolar component nor did they have epidermal growth factor receptoror K-rascodon 12 mutations. In conclusion, patients with these tumors tended to be nonsmokers who had clinical features similar to those of lung cancer patients whose tumors expressed epidermal growth factor receptormutations, although their tumors showed slightly different pathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sonobe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Abstract
Aberrant ERBB receptor activity contributes to the development of many human cancers. Receptor overexpression, kinase domain (KD) mutations, and autocrine ligand production contribute to ERBB activation in human tumors. ERBB-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer treatment; however, clinical hurdles, including patient selection and TKI resistance, need to be overcome in order to optimize therapy. This minireview will discuss recent findings on possible mechanisms leading to ERBB-targeted therapy resistance and potential means to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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