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Waye AA, Ticiani E, Veiga-Lopez A. Chemical mixture that targets the epidermal growth factor pathway impairs human trophoblast cell functions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116804. [PMID: 38185387 PMCID: PMC11212468 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant women are exposed to complex chemical mixtures, many of which reach the placenta. Some of these chemicals interfere with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, a receptor tyrosine kinase that modulates several placenta cell functions. We hypothesized that a mixture of chemicals (Chem-Mix) known to reduce EGFR activation (polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-126, PCB-153, atrazine, trans-nonachlor, niclosamide, and bisphenol S) would interfere with EGFR-mediated trophoblast cell functions. To test this, we determined the chemicals' EGFR binding ability, EGFR and downstream effectors activation, and trophoblast functions (proliferation, invasion, and endovascular differentiation) known to be regulated by EGFR in extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). The Chem-Mix competed with EGF for EGFR binding, however only PCB-153, niclosamide, trans-nonachlor, and BPS competed for binding as single chemicals. The effects of the Chem-Mix on EGFR phosphorylation were tested by exposing the placental EVT cell line, HTR-8/SVneo to control (0.1% DMSO), Chem-Mix (1, 10, or 100 ng/ml), EGF (30 ng/ml), or Chem-Mix + EGF. The Chem-Mix - but not the individual chemicals - reduced EGF-mediated EGFR phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner, while no effect was observed in its downstream effectors (AKT and STAT3). None of the individual chemicals affected EVT cell invasion, but the Chem-Mix reduced EVT cell invasion independent of EGF. In support of previous studies that have explored chemicals targeting a specific pathway (estrogen/androgen receptor), current findings indicate that exposure to a chemical mixture that targets the EGFR pathway can result in a greater impact compared to individual chemicals in the context of placental cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Waye
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; The Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Li Q, Yuan H, Zhao G, Zhang J, Li S, Gong D, Feng T, Kou Q, Wang Q, Wang G, Li S, Li K, Lin P. ZNF32 prevents the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts through negative regulation of TGFB1 transcription in breast cancer. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22837. [PMID: 36934389 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201801r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the fundamental cellular components of the tumor microenvironment and play a critical role in the initiation, progression, and therapy resistance of breast cancer. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of CAFs activation from normal fibroblasts (NFs) are still not well understood. In the present study, we reported that ZNF32 expression in breast cancer cells was negatively correlated with CAF-related markers (FSP1, α-SMA, and FAP) in stromal fibroblasts, and loss of ZNF32 promoted the activation of CAFs, as evidenced by the enhanced proliferation and contractility of CAFs. ZNF32 deficiency-mediated fibroblast activation promoted the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ZNF32 inhibited TGFB1 transcription by directly binding to the -1968/-1962 region of the TGFB1 promoter, leading to the prevention of fibroblast activation. Altogether, our findings reveal an important mechanism by which ZNF32 suppression increases the transcription of the TGFB1 gene in breast cancer cells, and subsequently, elevated levels of secretory TGF-β stimulate NFs transformation into CAFs, which in turn facilitates the malignant progression of breast cancer. Our data implicated ZNF32 as a potential therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Gong
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Feng
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiming Kou
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qijing Wang
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Li
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ticiani E, Villegas JA, Murga-Zamalloa C, Veiga-Lopez A. Binding sites in the epidermal growth factor receptor are responsible for bisphenol S effects on trophoblast cell invasion. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137960. [PMID: 36716934 PMCID: PMC9993481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an endocrine disrupting chemical and the second most abundant bisphenol detected in humans. We have recently demonstrated that in utero exposure to BPS reduces human placenta cell fusion by interfering with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent EGF receptor (EGFR) activation. Our previous work suggests that this occurs via binding of BPS to the extracellular domain of EGFR. However, whether BPS directly binds to EGFR has not been confirmed. We evaluated the binding ability of BPA, BPF and BPS to EGFR to determine whether EGFR binding is a unique attribute of BPS. To test these hypotheses, we first exposed HTR-8/SVneo cells to BPS, BPA, or BPF, with or without EGF. When co-exposed to EGF, BPS, but not BPA nor BPF, reduced EGFR phosphorylation by ∼60%, demonstrating that only BPS can interfere with EGF-dependent EGFR activation. As this indicates that BPS binding to the extracellular domain is responsible for its effect, we performed a computational search for putative binding sites on the EGFR extracellular domain, and performed ligand docking of BPS, BPA, and BPF at these sites. We identified three sites where polar interactions between positively charged residues and the sulfonyl group of BPS could lead binding selectivity over BPA and BPF. To test whether EGFR mutations at the predicted BPS binding sites (Arg255, Lys454, and Arg297) could prevent BPS's interference on EGFR activation, mutations for each EGFR target amino acids (R255A, R297A, and K454A) were introduced. For variants with R297A or K454A mutations, BPS did not affect EGF-mediated EGFR phosphorylation or EGFR-mediated cell invasion, suggesting that these residues are needed for the BPS antagonism effect on EGFR. In conclusion, BPS, but not BPA or BPF, interferes with EGFR-mediated trophoblast cell functions through binding at Arg297 and Lys454 amino acid residues in the extracellular domain of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - José A Villegas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020335. [PMID: 36672284 PMCID: PMC9856659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The most common lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with an overall 5-year survival rate of around 20% because NSCLC is a metastatic disease. A better understanding of the mechanism underlying lung cancer metastasis is therefore urgently needed. The tumor microenvironment involves different types of stromal cells and functions as key components in the progression of NSCLC. Through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which epithelial cells lose their polarity and acquire mesenchymal potential, cancer cells acquire metastatic abilities, as well as cancer stem-cell-like potential. We previously reported that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) interact with lung cancer cells to allow for the acquisition of malignancy and treatment resistance by paracrine loops via EMT signals in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, CAFs regulate the cytotoxic activity of immune cells via various cytokines and chemokines, creating a microenvironment of immune tolerance. Regulation of CAFs can therefore affect immune responses. Recent research has shown several roles of CAFs in NSCLC tumorigenesis, owing to their heterogeneity, so molecular markers of CAFs should be elucidated to better classify tumor-promoting subtypes and facilitate the establishment of CAF-specific targeted therapies. CAF-targeted cancer treatments may suppress EMT and regulate the niche of cancer stem cells and the immunosuppressive network and thus may prove useful for NSCLC treatment through multiple mechanisms.
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Chan MKK, Chan ELY, Ji ZZ, Chan ASW, Li C, Leung KT, To KF, Tang PMK. Transforming growth factor-β signaling: from tumor microenvironment to anticancer therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:316-343. [PMID: 37205317 PMCID: PMC10185444 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is an important pathway for promoting the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. The roles of TGF-β signaling are heterogeneous and versatile in cancer development and progression, both anticancer and protumoral actions are reported. Interestingly, increasing evidence suggests that TGF-β enhances disease progression and drug resistance via immune-modulatory actions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors. A better understanding of its regulatory mechanisms in the TME at the molecular level can facilitate the development of precision medicine to block the protumoral actions of TGF-β in the TME. Here, the latest information about the regulatory mechanisms and translational research of TGF-β signaling in the TME for therapeutic development had been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Emily Lok-Yiu Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zoey Zeyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Qiu X, Cai J, Yang Z, Song F. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Lung Cancer Cells Induce Transformation of Normal Fibroblasts into Lung Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Promote Metastasis of Lung Cancer by Delivering lncRNA HOTAIR. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3805013. [PMID: 36267242 PMCID: PMC9578906 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3805013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lung cancer (LC) cells A549/H358, normal lung epithelial cells BEAS-2B, and lung normal fibroblasts (NFs) were cultured, followed by transfection of H358 cells with HOTAIR shRNA. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted from H358 cells were identified. The internalization of Dil-labeled-EVs by NFs was tested, and protein levels of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) surface markers, inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and lncRNA HOTAIR levels were determined. A549 cells were cultured in an H358-EVs-treated conditioned medium of NFs (NFCM), followed by intravenous injection of A549 cells into nude mice. The lesions and Ki-67-positive cells in lung tissues were measured. The results showed that tumor cell-derived EVs (T-EVs) motivated the transformation of NFs into CAFs. Specifically, EVs can be internalized by NFs, and the protein levels of CAF surface markers and inflammation levels were elevated in H358-EVs-treated NFs. The proliferation, invasion, and migration of A549 cells cultured in T-EVs-treated NFCM were increased. H358-EVs carried HOTAIR into NFs and promoted the transformation of NFs into CAFs. Inhibition of HOTAIR partially reversed the promoting effect of H358-EVs on the transformation of NFs into CAFs and invasion and migration of LC cells. T-EVs promoted metastasis of LC in vivo by transforming NFs into CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhenzhou Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Chan MKK, Chung JYF, Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Ho JYY, Lin TPT, Chen J, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2022; 550:215925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Modulation of Fibroblast Phenotype by Colorectal Cancer Cell-Secreted Factors Is Mostly Independent of Oncogenic KRAS. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162490. [PMID: 36010567 PMCID: PMC9406506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations have been shown to extend their oncogenic effects beyond the cancer cell, influencing the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we studied the impact of mutant KRAS on the modulation of the pro-tumorigenic properties of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including α-SMA expression, TGFβ1 and HGF production, extracellular matrix components and metalloproteinases expression as well as collagen contraction and migration capacities. To do so, CCD-18Co normal-like colon fibroblasts were challenged with conditioned media from control and KRAS silenced colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Our results showed that the mutant KRAS CRC cell-secreted factors were capable of turning normal-like fibroblasts into CAF-like by modulating the α-SMA expression, TGFβ1 and HGF production and migration capacity. Oncogenic KRAS played a secondary role as its silencing did not completely impair the capacity of CRC cells to modulate most of the fibroblast properties analyzed. In summary, our work suggests that mutant KRAS does not play a major role in controlling the CRC cell-secreted factors that modulate the behavior of fibroblasts. The fact that CRC cells retain the capacity to modulate the pro-tumorigenic features of fibroblasts independently of KRAS silencing is likely to negatively impact their response to KRAS inhibitors, thus standing as a putative mechanism of resistance to KRAS inhibition with potential therapeutical relevance.
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Dias Carvalho P, Martins F, Carvalho J, Oliveira MJ, Velho S. Mutant KRAS-Associated Proteome Is Mainly Controlled by Exogenous Factors. Cells 2022; 11:1988. [PMID: 35805073 PMCID: PMC9265670 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how mutant KRAS signaling is modulated by exogenous stimuli is of utmost importance to elucidate resistance mechanisms underlying pathway inhibition failure, and to uncover novel therapeutic targets for mutant KRAS patients. Hence, aiming at perceiving KRAS-autonomous versus -non autonomous mechanisms, we studied the response of two mutant KRAS colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 and LS174T) upon KRAS silencing and treatment with rhTGFβ1-activated fibroblasts secretome. A proteomic analysis revealed that rhTGFβ1-activated fibroblast-secreted factors triggered cell line-specific proteome alterations and that mutant KRAS governs 43% and 38% of these alterations in HCT116 and LS174T cells, respectively. These KRAS-dependent proteins were localized and displayed molecular functions that were common to both cell lines (e.g., extracellular exosome, RNA binding functions). Moreover, 67% and 78% of the KRAS-associated proteome of HCT116 and LS174T cells, respectively, was controlled in a KRAS-non-autonomous manner, being dependent on fibroblast-secreted factors. In HCT116 cells, KRAS-non-autonomously controlled proteins were mainly involved in proteoglycans in cancer, p53, and Rap1 signaling pathways; whereas in LS174T cells, they were associated with substrate adhesion-dependent cell-spreading and involved in metabolic processes. This work highlights the context-dependency of KRAS-associated signaling and reinforces the importance of integrating the tumor microenvironment in the study of KRAS-associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Dias Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (P.D.C.); (F.M.); (J.C.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávia Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (P.D.C.); (F.M.); (J.C.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (P.D.C.); (F.M.); (J.C.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (P.D.C.); (F.M.); (J.C.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (P.D.C.); (F.M.); (J.C.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Ticiani E, Pu Y, Gingrich J, Veiga-Lopez A. Bisphenol S Impairs Invasion and Proliferation of Extravillous Trophoblasts Cells by Interfering with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:671. [PMID: 35054855 PMCID: PMC8776214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta supports fetal growth and is vulnerable to exogenous chemical exposures. We have previously demonstrated that exposure to the emerging chemical bisphenol S (BPS) can alter placental endocrine function. Mechanistically, we have demonstrated that BPS interferes with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, reducing placenta cell fusion. Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), a placenta cell type that aids with vascular remodeling, require EGF to invade into the maternal endometrium. We hypothesized that BPS would impair EGF-mediated invasion and proliferation in EVTs. Using human EVTs (HTR-8/SVneo cells), we tested whether BPS could inhibit the EGF response by blocking EGFR activation. We also evaluated functional endpoints of EGFR signaling, including EGF endocytosis, cell invasion and proliferation, and endovascular differentiation. We demonstrated that BPS blocked EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR by acting as a competitive antagonist to EGFR. Transwell assay and a three-dimensional microfluidic chip invasion assay revealed that BPS exposure can block EGF-mediated cell invasion. BPS also blocked EGF-mediated proliferation and endovascular differentiation. In conclusion, BPS can prevent EGF-mediated EVT proliferation and invasion through EGFR antagonism. Given the role of EGFR in trophoblast proliferation and differentiation during placental development, our findings suggest that maternal exposure to BPS may contribute to placental dysfunction via EGFR-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jeremy Gingrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.T.); (Y.P.)
- The Chicago Center for Health and the Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNA, posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of genes. Aberrant expression of miRNA is reported in various types of cancer. Since the first report of oncomiR-21 involvement in the glioma, its upregulation was reported in multiple cancers and was allied with high oncogenic property. In addition to the downregulation of tumor suppressor genes, the miR-21 is also associated with cancer resistance to various chemotherapy. The recent research is appraising miR-21 as a promising cancer target and biomarker for early cancer detection. In this review, we briefly explain the biogenesis and regulation of miR-21 in cancer cells. Additionally, the review features the assorted genes/pathways regulated by the miR-21 in various cancer and cancer stem cells.
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Cancer: a mirrored room between tumor bulk and tumor microenvironment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:217. [PMID: 34183054 PMCID: PMC8240272 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in the promotion of drug resistance, the support of tumor progression, invasiveness, metastasis, and even the maintenance of a cancer stem-like phenotype. Here, we reviewed TME formation presenting it as a reflection of a tumor’s own organization during the different stages of tumor development. Interestingly, functionally different groups of stromal cells seem to have specific spatial distributions within the TME that change as the tumor evolves into advanced stage progression which correlates with the fact that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are located in the edges of solid tumor masses in advanced tumors. We also focus on the continuos feedback that is established between a tumor and its surroundings. The “talk” between tumor mass cells and TME stromal cells, marks the evolution of both interlocuting cell types. For instance, the metabolic and functional transformations that stromal cells undergo due to tumor corrupting activity. Moreover, the molecular basis of metastatic spread is also approached, making special emphasis on the site-specific pre-metastatic niche formation as another reflection of the primary tumor molecular signature. Finally, several therapeutic approaches targeting primary TME and pre-metastatic niche are suggested. For instance, a systematic analysis of the TME just adjacent to the tumor mass to establish the proportion of myofibroblasts-like cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which may in turn correspond to stemness and metastases-promotion. Or the implementation of “re-education” therapies consisting of switching tumor-supportive stromal cells into tumor-suppressive ones. In summary, to improve our clinical management of cancer, it is crucial to understand and learn how to manage the close interaction between TME and metastasis.
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13
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Identification of extracellular matrix proteins secreted by human dermal fibroblasts cultured in 3D electrospun scaffolds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6655. [PMID: 33758206 PMCID: PMC7988018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The appreciation that cell interactions in tissues is dependent on their three dimensional (3D) distribution has stimulated the development of 3D cell culture models. We constructed an artificial 3D tumour by culturing human breast cancer JIMT-1 cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in a 3D network of electrospun polycaprolactone fibres. Here, we investigate ECM components produced by the cells in the artificial 3D tumour, which is an important step in validating the model. Immunostaining and confocal fluorescence microscopy show that the ECM proteins fibronectin, collagen I, and laminin are deposited throughout the entire 3D structure. Secreted soluble factors including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and interleukine-6 (IL-6) were analysed in collected medium and were found to be mainly derived from the HDFs. Treatment with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a major cytokine found in a tumour, significantly alters the MMP activity and IL-6 concentration. In addition, TGF-β1 treatment, changes the morphology of the HDFs to become more elongated and with increased linearized actin filaments compared to non-treated HDFs. Collectively, these novel findings suggest that the artificial 3D tumour displays a clear cell distribution and ECM deposition that resembles a tumour environment in vivo, suggesting an innovative biological model to study a human tumour.
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14
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Wang M, Su Z, Amoah Barnie P. Crosstalk among colon cancer-derived exosomes, fibroblast-derived exosomes, and macrophage phenotypes in colon cancer metastasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106298. [PMID: 32058925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular crosstalk is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and cancers. One significant means by which cells communicate with each other is through the release of exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles formed by the outward budding of plasma membranes, which are then released from cells into the extracellular space. Many studies have suggested that microvesicles released by colon cancer cells initiate crosstalk and modulate the fibroblast activities and macrophage phenotypes. Interestingly, crosstalk among colon cancer cells, macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts maximizes the mechanical composition of the stromal extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes contribute to cancer cell migration and invasion, which are critical for colon cancer progression to metastasis. The majority of the studies on colorectal cancers (CRCs) have focused on developing exosomal biomarkers for the early detection and prediction of CRC prognosis. This study highlights the crosstalk among colon cancer-derived exosomes, macrophage phenotypes and fibroblasts during colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Prince Amoah Barnie
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
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15
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Kong J, Tian H, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Li J, Liu X, Li X, Liu J, Li X, Jin D, Yang X, Sun B, Guo T, Luo Y, Lu Y, Lin B, Liu T. Extracellular vesicles of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts creates a pre-metastatic niche in the lung through activating fibroblasts. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:175. [PMID: 31796058 PMCID: PMC6892147 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been known to promote cancer progression by modifying the primary tumor microenvironment. We aimed to elucidate the intercellular communication between CAFs and secondary organs in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) metastasis. Methods Pre-metastatic and metastatic animal models of SACC were established using extracellular vesicles (EVs) from CAFs and SACC cells. Lung fibroblasts (LFs) were treated with EVs and their transcriptomic alterations were identified by RNA sequencing. ITRAQ were performed to analyze EV cargos. TC I-15 was used to inhibit EV uptake by LFs and SACC lung metastasis in vivo. Results Here, we show that CAF EVs induced lung pre-metastatic niche formation in mice and consequently increased SACC lung metastasis. The pre-metastatic niche induced by CAF EVs was different from that induced by SACC EVs. CAF EVs presented a great ability for matrix remodeling and periostin is a potential biomarker characterizing the CAF EV-induced pre-metastatic niche. We found that lung fibroblast activation promoted by CAF EVs was a critical event at the pre-metastatic niche. Integrin α2β1 mediated CAF EV uptake by lung fibroblasts, and its blockage by TC I-15 prevented lung pre-metastatic niche formation and subsequent metastasis. Plasma EV integrin β1 was considerably upregulated in the mice bearing xenografts with high risk of lung metastasis. Conclusions We demonstrated that CAF EVs participated in the pre-metastatic niche formation in the lung. Plasma EV integrin β1 might be a promising biomarker to predict SACC metastasis at an early stage. An integrated strategy targeting both tumor and stromal cells is necessary to prevent SACC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hongzhu Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Fuyin Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zebing Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiancheng Li
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Sino-UK Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dong Jin
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Oral Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China.
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16
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Moradi-Marjaneh R, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH. The Role of TGF-β Signaling Regulatory MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4611-4618. [PMID: 30636580 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190110150705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally and is associated with a high mortality rate. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in normal intestinal tissue function, but has also been implicated in the development of CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have also recently emerged as important regulators of cancer development and progression. They act by targeting multiple signaling pathways including the TGF-β signaling pathway. There is growing evidence demonstrating that miRNAs target various components of the TGF-β signaling pathway, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, regulatory SMADs (SMAD1, 2, 3, 5 and 9), co-mediator SMAD4, inhibitory SMADs (SMAD6 and 7) and the TGF-β receptors, and thereby alter the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. In this review, we summarize the data concerning the interaction between TGF-β signaling pathway and miRNAs with the aim to better understanding the CRC molecular mechanisms and hence better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh
- Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed H Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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The Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment as a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040440. [PMID: 30925774 PMCID: PMC6520833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Similarly to other types of malignant tumours, the incidence of head and neck cancer is increasing globally. It is frequently associated with smoking and alcohol abuse, and in a broader sense also with prolonged exposure to these factors during ageing. A higher incidence of tumours observed in younger populations without a history of alcohol and tobacco abuse may be due to HPV infection. Malignant tumours form an intricate ecosystem of cancer cells, fibroblasts, blood/lymphatic capillaries and infiltrating immune cells. This dynamic system, the tumour microenvironment, has a significant impact on the biological properties of cancer cells. The microenvironment participates in the control of local aggressiveness of cancer cells, their growth, and their consequent migration to lymph nodes and distant organs during metastatic spread. In cancers originating from squamous epithelium, a similarity was demonstrated between the cancer microenvironment and healing wounds. In this review, we focus on the specificity of the microenvironment of head and neck cancer with emphasis on the mechanism of intercellular crosstalk manipulation for potential therapeutic application.
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18
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Louault K, Bonneaud TL, Séveno C, Gomez-Bougie P, Nguyen F, Gautier F, Bourgeois N, Loussouarn D, Kerdraon O, Barillé-Nion S, Jézéquel P, Campone M, Amiot M, Juin PP, Souazé F. Interactions between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor cells promote MCL-1 dependency in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Oncogene 2019; 38:3261-3273. [PMID: 30631150 PMCID: PMC6756023 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of BCL-2 is expected to enhance therapeutic vulnerability in luminal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. We show here that the BCL-2 dependency of luminal tumor cells is nevertheless mitigated by breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (bCAFs) in a manner that defines MCL-1 as another critical therapeutic target. bCAFs favor MCL-1 expression and apoptotic resistance in luminal cancer cells in a IL-6 dependent manner while their own, robust, survival also relies on MCL-1. Studies based on ex vivo cultures of human luminal breast cancer tissues further argue that the contribution of stroma-derived signals to MCL-1 expression shapes BCL-2 dependency. Thus, MCL-1 inhibitors are beneficial for targeted apoptosis of breast tumor ecosystems, even in a subtype where MCL-1 dependency is not intrinsically driven by oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Louault
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - T L Bonneaud
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - C Séveno
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - P Gomez-Bougie
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, Team 10, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - F Nguyen
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,ONIRIS, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering, Animal Cancers, Nantes, France
| | - F Gautier
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - N Bourgeois
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - D Loussouarn
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - O Kerdraon
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - S Barillé-Nion
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - P Jézéquel
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - M Campone
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - M Amiot
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, Team 10, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - P P Juin
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France. .,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France. .,CNRS GDR3697 Micronit, Tours, France.
| | - F Souazé
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France. .,CNRS GDR3697 Micronit, Tours, France.
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19
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Aoto K, Ito K, Aoki S. Complex formation between platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and transforming growth factor β receptor regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34090-34102. [PMID: 30344924 PMCID: PMC6183337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently gained attention as potent targets in cancer therapy because they are a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment and promote the growth and invasion of cancer cells. CAFs differentiate from fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), epithelial cells, and other cell types in response to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) stimulation. The drugs tranilast, imatinib, and pirfenidone reportedly inhibit the differentiation of such cells into CAFs; however, it is unclear how they regulate TGFβ signaling. Here, we differentiated MSCs into CAFs in vitro and investigated which drugs suppressed this differentiation. Based on these results, we focused on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor β (PDGFRβ) as a key molecule in the initiation of TGFβ signaling. PDGFRβ transmitted TGFβ signaling in MSCs by forming a complex with TGFβ receptor (TGFβR) independently of stimulation with its well-known ligand PDGF. Inhibitors of the differentiation of MSCs into CAFs attenuated complex formation between PDGFRβ and TGFβR. Moreover, PDGF stimulated PDGFRβ to a lesser extent in CAFs than in MSCs. This study indicates that PDGFRβ and TGFβ-TGFβR signaling cooperatively promote the differentiation of MSCs into CAFs in tumor microenvironments independently of canonical PDGF-PDGFR signaling. We propose that blockade of the interaction between PDGFRβ and TGFβR is a potential strategy to prevent TGFβ-mediated differentiation of MSCs into CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Aoto
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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20
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Ohmaru-Nakanishi T, Asanoma K, Fujikawa M, Fujita Y, Yagi H, Onoyama I, Hidaka N, Sonoda K, Kato K. Fibrosis in Preeclamptic Placentas Is Associated with Stromal Fibroblasts Activated by the Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:683-695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Xiaolei G, Xinhua L, Yaling T. [Mechanisms and implications of cancer cell dormancy in head and neck carcinoma]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:92-98. [PMID: 29595004 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Disease metastasis and relapse in many cancer patients several years (even decades) after surgical remission have been recently acknowledged as cases of cancer dormancy. Although cases of minimal residual disease are well documented, knowledge on its biological mechanisms and clinical implications remains limited. To date, numerous reviews have summarized the three potential models that may explain this phenomenon, including the angiogenic, immunologic, and cellular dormancy. In this study, we discuss newly uncovered mechanisms governing tumor cell dormancy in head and neck cancer, emphasizing on the crosstalk between dormant tumor cells and their microenvironments. Additionally, we explore the mechanisms on the reactivation of dormant residual tumor cells in anatomical sites, including the lymph nodes and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Xiaolei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Xinhua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tang Yaling
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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Almet AA, Hughes BD, Landman KA, Näthke IS, Osborne JM. A Multicellular Model of Intestinal Crypt Buckling and Fission. Bull Math Biol 2017; 80:335-359. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Shen T, Gao K, Miao Y, Hu Z. Exogenous growth factors enhance the expression of cola1, cola3, and Elastin in fibroblasts via activating MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:203-210. [PMID: 29185160 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous growth factors could accelerate the process of wound healing. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the expression of type I collagen (cola1), type III collagen (cola3), and Elastin in fibroblasts, which are widely expressed in fibroblasts and promote the function of fibroblasts. We measured the levels of cola1 and cola3 in human fibroblast cells cultured in medium containing EGF or bFGF at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1000 μg/L by Western blotting and RT-PCR assays, and found that EGF or bFGF enhanced the expression of cola1 and cola3 in a concentration-dependent manner. We further discovered that after stimulation with EGF or bFGF in human fibroblast cells, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) family members were generally activated, whose expression trend was consistent with that of cola1, cola3, and Elastin. In summary, in this study, we uncovered that exogenous growth factors enhance the expression of cola1, cola3, and Elastin, which is probably regulated via activating MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- TianDing Shen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - ZhiQi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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24
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Gao XL, Zhang M, Tang YL, Liang XH. Cancer cell dormancy: mechanisms and implications of cancer recurrence and metastasis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5219-5228. [PMID: 29138574 PMCID: PMC5667781 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s140854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
More recently, disease metastasis and relapse in many cancer patients several years (even some decades) after surgical remission are regarded as tumor dormancy. However, the knowledge of this phenomenon is cripplingly limited. Substantial quantities of reviews have summarized three main potential models that can be put forth to explain such process, including angiogenic dormancy, immunologic dormancy, and cellular dormancy. In this review, newly uncovered mechanisms governing cancer cell dormancy are discussed, with an emphasis on the cross talk between dormant cancer cells and their microenvironments. In addition, potential mechanisms of reactivation of these dormant cells in certain anatomic sites including lymph nodes and bone marrow are discussed. Molecular mechanism of cellular dormancy in head and neck cancer is also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
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25
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Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Tafelmeyer P, Golshayan D. Fibroblast activation protein-α in fibrogenic disorders and cancer: more than a prolyl-specific peptidase? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:977-991. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1370455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- CHUV and UNIL, University Institute of Pathology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Tafelmeyer
- Hybrigenics Services, Laboratories and Headquarters, Paris, France
- Hybrigenics Corporation, Cambridge Innovation Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Shi J, Feng J, Xie J, Mei Z, Shi T, Wang S, Du Y, Yang G, Wu Y, Cheng X, Li S, Zhu L, Yang CS, Tu S, Jie Z. Targeted blockade of TGF-β and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathways inhibits lung cancer growth promoted by bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8660. [PMID: 28819126 PMCID: PMC5561133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of TGF-β and IL-6 in myofibroblasts (MFs) - lung cancer cell interactions, lung cancer cells (Lewis and CTM-167 cell lines) were stimulated by IL-6, MF-conditioned medium (MF-CM) or MFs, with or without TGF-β signaling inhibitor - SB431542 and/or JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor - JSI-124. MFs were stimulated by TGF-β, cancer cell-CM or cancer cells, with or without SB431542 and JSI-124. Cell proliferation, the levels of cytokines, expression of mRNA and protein were determined. Mice bearing xenograft tumors were intraperitoneally treated with SB431542 or JSI-124 and monitored for up to 45 days. In co-culture systems, MFs secreted high levels of IL-6, while cancer cells produced high levels of TGF-β. Recombinant IL-6 and MF-CM activated STAT3 and upregulated TGF-β in cancer cells. In contrast, cancer cell-CM or TGF-β stimulated MFs to produce IL-6. Blockade of JAK2/STAT3 and TGF-β signaling by specific inhibitors significantly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo of lung cancer cells. Our study demontrated that the TGF-β and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways form a positive feedback signaling loop that mediated the interactions between MFs and lung cancer cells. Targeted inhibiton of this signaling loop could be a new approach for lung cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhoufang Mei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianyun Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shengmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201821, China
| | - Shanqun Li
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liming Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Shuiping Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201821, China.
| | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Utispan K, Koontongkaew S. Fibroblasts and macrophages: Key players in the head and neck cancer microenvironment. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Leach DA, Buchanan G. Stromal Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9010010. [PMID: 28117763 PMCID: PMC5295781 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer development and progression is the result of complex interactions between epithelia cells and fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, in a series of dynamic process amenable to regulation by hormones. Whilst androgen action through the androgen receptor (AR) is a well-established component of prostate cancer biology, it has been becoming increasingly apparent that changes in AR signalling in the surrounding stroma can dramatically influence tumour cell behavior. This is reflected in the consistent finding of a strong association between stromal AR expression and patient outcomes. In this review, we explore the relationship between AR signalling in fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and prostate cancer cells in the primary site, and detail the known functions, actions, and mechanisms of fibroblast AR signaling. We conclude with an evidence-based summary of how androgen action in stroma dramatically influences disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Leach
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5011, Australia.
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Grant Buchanan
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5011, Australia.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Canberra Teaching Hospital, Canberra 2605, Australia.
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29
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Wen W, Liu G, Jin K, Hu X. TGF-β1 induces PGP9.5 expression in CAFs to promote the growth of colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:115-122. [PMID: 27840994 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that the interaction between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumors is manifested in the entire process of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell development, in which TGF-β1 plays a key role and has a significant effect on promoting the activation of CAFs. However, there are few studies on the mechanisms involved in the activation of CAFs by TGF-β1 to produce an influence on tumor cells. TGF-β1 was added to CAFs for further culture, and the expression of α-SMA was significantly enhanced as shown by immunofluorescence assay. Western blot analysis was performed, and the results showed that TGF-β1 promoted expression of PGP9.5 in a time-dependent manner. After siRNA was used to inhibit the expression of Smad2 or Smad3, the TGF-β1-induced PGP9.5 expression in CAFs was obviously suppressed. In addition, TGF-β1 was also found to promote the expression of PGP9.5 through the ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways. CAFs were cultured on the upper layer of a Transwell plate and TGF-β1 was added. Simultaneously, CRC cells were cultured on the lower layer. The biological behaviors of the cancer cells were detected. According to the results, TGF-β1 promoted the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells and inhibited their apoptosis while activating CAFs. This effect was achieved by induction of the expression of PGP9.5. However, when PGP9.5 was inhibited, the impact of TGF-β1 on tumor cells after activation of CAFs was not fully blocked. Therefore, TGF-β1 can promote PGP9.5 expression in CAFs to facilitate the growth of cancer cells. This finding aids in the identification of new targets for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ge Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ke Jin
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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30
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De Vlieghere E, Verset L, Demetter P, Bracke M, De Wever O. Cancer-associated fibroblasts as target and tool in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:367-82. [PMID: 26259962 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are drivers of tumour progression and are considered as a target and a tool in cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications. An increased abundance of CAFs or CAF signatures are recognized as a bad prognostic marker in several cancer types. Tumour-environment biomimetics strongly improve our understanding of the communication between CAFs, cancer cells and other host cells. Several experimental drugs targeting CAFs are in clinical trials for multiple tumour entities; alternatively, CAFs can be exploited as a tool to characterize the functionality of circulating tumour cells or to capture them as a tool to prevent metastasis. The continuous interaction between tissue engineers, biomaterial experts and cancer researchers creates the possibility to biomimic the tumour-environment and provides new opportunities in cancer diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly De Vlieghere
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurine Verset
- Departments of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Departments of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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31
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De Vlieghere E, Gremonprez F, Verset L, Mariën L, Jones CJ, De Craene B, Berx G, Descamps B, Vanhove C, Remon JP, Ceelen W, Demetter P, Bracke M, De Geest BG, De Wever O. Tumor-environment biomimetics delay peritoneal metastasis formation by deceiving and redirecting disseminated cancer cells. Biomaterials 2015; 54:148-57. [PMID: 25907048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is life threatening and is the result of an extensive communication between disseminated cancer cells, mesothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). CAFs secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins creating a receptive environment for peritoneal implantation. Considering cancer as an ecosystem may provide opportunities to exploit CAFs to create biomimetic traps to deceive and redirect cancer cells. We have designed microparticles (MP) containing a CAF-derived ECM-surface that is intended to compete with natural niches. CAFs were encapsulated in alginate/gelatine beads (500-750 μm in diameter) functionalised with a polyelectrolyte coating (MP[CAF]). The encapsulated CAFs remain viable and metabolically active (≥35 days), when permanently encapsulated. CAF-derived ECM proteins are retained by the non-biodegradable coating. Adhesion experiments mimicking the environment of the peritoneal cavity show the selective capture of floating cancer cells from different tumor origins by MP[CAF] compared to control MP. MP[CAF] are distributed throughout the abdominal cavity without attachment to intestinal organs and without signs of inflammatory reaction. Intraperitoneal delivery of MP[CAF] and sequential removal redirects cancer cell adhesion from the surgical wound to the MP[CAF], delays peritoneal metastasis formation and prolongs animal survival. Our experiments suggest the use of a biomimetic trap based on tumor-environment interactions to delay peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly De Vlieghere
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Laurine Verset
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lore Mariën
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Bram De Craene
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IBiTech, MEDISIP, INFINITY, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IBiTech, MEDISIP, INFINITY, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium.
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32
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Terai S, Fushida S, Tsukada T, Kinoshita J, Oyama K, Okamoto K, Makino I, Tajima H, Ninomiya I, Fujimura T, Harada S, Ohta T. Bone marrow derived "fibrocytes" contribute to tumor proliferation and fibrosis in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18:306-13. [PMID: 24792410 PMCID: PMC4371822 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the stroma are considered to play important roles for gastric cancer proliferation, invasion, and fibrosis, but the source of CAFs and their interaction with cancer cells in the microenvironment have not been fully determined. Here we elucidated the role of bone marrow-derived cells, fibrocytes, in development of gastric cancers, as represented by scirrhous gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In co-culturing MKN45 gastric cancer cells and purified fibrocytes from healthy volunteers, migration and endothelial mesenchymal transition associated gene expression were evaluated using western blot analysis. Also, mouse xenograft models of MKN45 with or without fibrocytes were conducted to investigate their tumorigenicity and immunohistological differences of tumors. RESULTS Co-culture of fibrocytes with MKN45 resulted in morphological changes from cobblestone-shape to spindle-shape and enhanced expression of α-SMA and collagen type I in fibrocytes, suggesting that co-culture with gastric cancer cells may have induced the differentiation of fibrocytes to myofibroblasts. Furthermore, enhanced expression of SDF-1 in MKN45 and CXCR4 in fibrocytes were also determined. Mouse xenograft models inoculated with MKN45 and fibrocytes revealed significantly larger tumors than those inoculated with MKN45 cells alone, and the stroma in co-inoculated tumors consisted of myofibroblasts and fibrosis. Mouse-derived cells expressing both CD45 and type I collagen were also observed in co-inoculated tumors. CONCLUSION Fibrocytes derived from bone marrow may migrate into the microenvironment of gastric cancer by SDF-1/CXCR4 system, and enhance the tumor proliferation and fibrosis as CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Terai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsukada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Isamu Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Shinichi Harada
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
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Val MM, Mendes LA, Alarcão A, Carvalho L, Carreira I, Rodrigues CFD, Alpoim MC. Senescent bronchial fibroblasts induced to senescence by Cr(VI) promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition when co-cultured with bronchial epithelial cells in the presence of Cr(VI). Mutagenesis 2014; 30:277-86. [PMID: 25406472 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a physiological process that serves as a powerful barrier for tumorigenesis. However, senescent cells can be deleterious for the tissue microenvironment. Such is the case of senescent fibroblasts that release several pro-tumorigenic factors that promote malignant transformation in the nearby epithelial cells. Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds is a cause of respiratory cancers. Although Cr(VI) is known to induce senescence in human foreskin fibroblasts, the role of senescent fibroblasts in the Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells was never assessed. Thus, to study the evolutionary dynamics generated by the interaction between human bronchial epithelial cells and senescent bronchial fibroblasts, the non-tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were co-cultured with Cr(VI)-induced senescent human bronchial fibroblasts for 4 weeks. Under the pressure of 0.5 µM Cr(VI), senescent fibroblasts promoted the acquisition of mesenchymal features on BEAS-2B cells, e.g. the fusiform shape and increased Vimentin expression, consistent with the occurrence of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like process. Features of transformed cells including larger nuclei, as well as nuclei with heterogeneous size, were also observed. Altogether the results obtained demonstrate that besides acting over the epithelium, Cr(VI) also affects bronchial fibroblasts driving them senescent. As a consequence, a paracrine communication loop is established with the above-placed epithelium prompting the epithelial cells for malignant transformation and thus facilitating the initial steps of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Monteiro Val
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal and
| | - Luís André Mendes
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal and
| | - Ana Alarcão
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Carreira
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernando D Rodrigues
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmen Alpoim
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal and
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Differential regulation of extracellular matrix protein expression in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts by TGF-β1 regulates cancer cell spreading but not adhesion. Oncoscience 2014; 1:634-48. [PMID: 25593993 PMCID: PMC4278277 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is characterized by a complex reciprocity between neoplastic epithelium and adjacent stromal cells. In ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, both reduced stromal decorin expression and myxoid stroma are correlated with increased recurrence risk. In this study, we aimed to investigate paracrine regulation of expression of decorin and related extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was identified as a competent ECM modulator, as it reduced decorin and strongly enhanced versican, biglycan and type I collagen expression. Similar but less pronounced effects were observed when fibroblasts were treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Despite this concerted ECM modulation, TGF-β1 and bFGF differentially regulated alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, which is often proposed as a CAF-marker. Cancer cell-derived secretomes induced versican and biglycan expression in fibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry on twenty DCIS specimens showed a trend toward periductal versican overexpression in DCIS with myxoid stroma. Cancer cell adhesion was inhibited by decorin, but not by CAF-derived matrices. Cancer cells presented significantly enhanced spreading when seeded on matrices derived from TGF-β1-treated CAF. Altogether these data indicate that preinvasive cancerous lesions might modulate the composition of surrounding stroma through TGF-β1 release to obtain an invasion-permissive microenvironment.
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Ko YH, Won HS, Sun DS, An HJ, Jeon EK, Kim MS, Lee HH, Kang JH, Jung CK. Human papillomavirus-stratified analysis of the prognostic role of miR-21 in oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Int 2014; 64:499-507. [PMID: 25236707 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays a significant role in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Expression of miR-21 has a prognostic role in a wide variety of cancers. The upregulation of miR-21 suppresses a number of target genes, including phosphatase tensin homologue (PTEN) and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). We investigated the association between the expression of miR-21 and the clinical features of HNSCC using stratified analysis based on HPV infection status. HPV status and miR-21 expression in HNSCC tissues from 167 patients were evaluated using in situ hybridization. The expression of PDCD4 and PTEN was examined by immunohistochemistry. The up-regulation of stromal miR-21 expression occurred in 40.6% of HPV-negative samples and 28.3% of the HPV-positive group. In HPV-stratified multivariate analysis, high miR-21 expression was associated with poor cancer-specific survival in HPV-negative tumors, but not in HPV-positive tumors. There was a significant association between miR-21 and cytoplasmic PDCD4 overexpression in HPV-negative HNSCCs. We suggest that stromal miR-21 expression is an independent prognostic factor in HPV-negative tumors and miR-21 may play different roles depending on HPV infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ho Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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36
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Mincione G, Tarantelli C, Vianale G, Di Marcantonio MC, Cotellese R, Francomano F, Di Nicola M, Costantini E, Cichella A, Muraro R. Mutual regulation of TGF-β1, TβRII and ErbB receptors expression in human thyroid carcinomas. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tumors as organs: biologically augmenting radiation therapy by inhibiting transforming growth factor β activity in carcinomas. Semin Radiat Oncol 2014; 23:242-51. [PMID: 24012338 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays critical roles in regulating a plethora of physiological processes in normal organs, including morphogenesis, embryonic development, stem cell differentiation, immune regulation, and wound healing. Though considered a tumor suppressor, TGFβ is a critical mediator of tumor microenvironment, in which it likewise mediates tumor and stromal cell phenotype, recruitment, inflammation, immune function, and angiogenesis. The fact that activation of TGFβ is an early and persistent event in irradiated tissues and that TGFβ signaling controls effective DNA damage response provides a new means to manipulate tumor response to radiation. Here we discuss preclinical studies unraveling TGFβ effects in cancer treatment and review TGFβ biology in lung cancer as an example of the opportunities for TGFβ pathway inhibition as a pharmaceutical approach to augment radiation therapy.
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Tulley S, Chen WT. Transcriptional regulation of seprase in invasive melanoma cells by transforming growth factor-β signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15280-96. [PMID: 24727589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor invasive phenotype driven by seprase expression/activity has been widely examined in an array of malignant tumor cell types; however, very little is known about the transcriptional regulation of this critical protease. Seprase (also named fibroblast activation protein-α, antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme, and dipeptidyl prolyl peptidase 5) is expressed at high levels by stromal fibroblast, endothelial, and tumor cells in a variety of invasive tumors but is undetectable in the majority of normal adult tissues. To examine the transcriptional regulation of the gene, we cloned the human seprase promoter and demonstrated that endogenous seprase expression and exogenous seprase promoter activity are high in invasive melanoma cells but not in non-invasive melanoma cells/primary melanocytes. In addition, we identified a crucial TGF-β-responsive cis-regulatory element in the proximal seprase promoter region that enabled robust transcriptional activation of the gene. Treatment of metastatic but not normal/non-invasive cells with TGF-β1 caused a rapid and profound up-regulation of endogenous seprase mRNA, which coincided with an abolishment of the negative regulator c-Ski, and an increase in binding of Smad3/4 to the seprase promoter in vivo. Blocking TGF-β signaling in invasive melanoma cells through overexpression of c-Ski, chemically using SB-431542, or with a neutralizing antibody against TGF-β significantly reduced seprase mRNA levels. Strikingly, RNAi of seprase in invasive cells greatly diminished their invasive potential in vitro as did blocking TGF-β signaling using SB-431542. Altogether, we found that seprase is transcriptionally up-regulated in invasive melanoma cells via the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, supporting the roles of both TGF-β and seprase in tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Tulley
- From the Metastasis Research Laboratory, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Wen-Tien Chen
- From the Metastasis Research Laboratory, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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Rao C, Lin SL, Ruan WJ, Wen H, Wu DJ, Deng H. High expression of IGFBP7 in fibroblasts induced by colorectal cancer cells is co-regulated by TGF-β and Wnt signaling in a Smad2/3-Dvl2/3-dependent manner. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85340. [PMID: 24427302 PMCID: PMC3888407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment are a key determinant in cancer progression and may be a promising target for cancer therapy. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is known as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study investigated the inductive mechanism of IGFBP7 expression in fibroblasts by supernatant from the CRC cell line, SW620. The results showed that the expression of IGFBP7 was up-regulated in the fibroblasts when treated with SW620 supernatant and exogenous TGF-β1. The IGFBP7 induced by SW620 supernatant or TGF-β1 was partially inhibited by the TGF-β1 specific antibody AF and TGF-β1 receptor antagonist SB431542. The Wnt signaling-targeted genes, c-Myc, CCND1 and the proteins Dvl2/3, were all up-regulated in fibroblasts expressing high levels of IGFBP7, and the up-regulation could be inhibited both by the Wnt signaling antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and by the TGF-β1 receptor antagonist SB431542. In conclusion, CRC cells promote the high expression of IGFBP7 in fibroblasts, most likely through the co-regulation of TGF-β and Wnt signaling in a Smad2/3-Dvl2/3 dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest that the fibroblasts could be a novel therapeutic target in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Rao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Li Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Ruan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ju Wu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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De Wever O, Van Bockstal M, Mareel M, Hendrix A, Bracke M. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts provide operational flexibility in metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 25:33-46. [PMID: 24406210 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant cancer cells do not act as lone wolves to achieve metastasis, as they exist within a complex ecosystem consisting of an extracellular matrix scaffold populated by carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells and immune cells. We recognize local (primary tumor) and distant ecosystems (metastasis). CAFs, also termed myofibroblasts, may have other functions in the primary tumor versus the metastasis. Cellular origin and tumor heterogeneity lead to the expression of specific markers. The molecular characteristics of a CAF remain in evolution since CAFs show operational flexibility. CAFs respond dynamically to a cancer cell's fluctuating demands by shifting profitable signals necessary in metastasis. Local, tissue-resident fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) coming from reservoir sites such as bone marrow and adipose tissue are the main progenitor cells of CAFs. CAFs may induce awakening from metastatic dormancy, a major cause of cancer-specific death. Cancer management protocols influence CAF precursor recruitment and CAF activation. Since CAF signatures represent early changes in metastasis, including formation of pre-metastatic niches, we discuss whether liquid biopsies, including exosomes, may detect and monitor CAF reactions allowing optimized prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Marc Mareel
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Tumor invasion is the outcome of a complex interplay between cancer cells and the stromal environment and requires the infiltration of a dense, cross-linked meshwork of collagen type I extracellular matrix. We use a membrane-free single-cell and spheroid-based complementary model to study cancer invasion through native collagen type I matrices. Cell morphology is preserved during the assays allowing real-time monitoring of invasion-induced changes in cell structure and F-actin organization. Combination of these models with computerized quantification permits the calculation of highly reproducible and operator-independent data. These assays are versatile in the use of fluorescent probes and have a flexible kinetic endpoint. Once the optimal experimental conditions are empirically determined, the collagen type I invasion assays can be used for preclinical validation of small-molecule inhibitors targeting invasion. Initiation and monitoring of the single-cell and spheroid invasion model can be achieved in 8 h (over 3 days) and in 14 h (over 5 days), respectively.
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Karagiannis GS, Schaeffer DF, Cho CKJ, Musrap N, Saraon P, Batruch I, Grin A, Mitrovic B, Kirsch R, Riddell RH, Diamandis EP. Collective migration of cancer-associated fibroblasts is enhanced by overexpression of tight junction-associated proteins claudin-11 and occludin. Mol Oncol 2013; 8:178-95. [PMID: 24268521 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) positioned at the desmoplastic areas of various types of cancer are capable of executing a migratory program, characterized by accelerated motility and collective configuration. Since CAFs are reprogrammed derivatives of normal progenitors, including quiescent fibroblasts, we hypothesized that such migratory program could be context-dependent, thus being regulated by specific paracrine signals from the adjacent cancer population. Using the traditional scratch assay setup, we showed that only specific colon cancer cell lines (i.e. HT29) were able to induce collective CAF migration. By performing quantitative proteomics (SILAC), we identified a 2.7-fold increase of claudin-11, a member of the tight junction apparatus, in CAFs that exerted such collectivity in their migratory pattern. Further proteomic investigations of cancer cell line secretomes revealed a specific signature, involving TGF-β, as potential mediator of this effect. Normal colonic fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-β exerted myofibroblastic differentiation, occludin (OCLN) and claudin-11 (CLDN11) overexpression and cohort formation. Subsequently, inhibition of TGF-β attenuated all the previous effects. Immunohistochemistry of the universal tight junction marker occludin in a cohort of 30 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients defined a CAF subpopulation expressing tight junctions. Overall, these data suggest that cancer cells may induce CLDN11 overexpression and subsequent collective migration of peritumoral CAFs via TGF-β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Karagiannis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chan-Kyung J Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Musrap
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Punit Saraon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ihor Batruch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Grin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bojana Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Kirsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert H Riddell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Quante M, Varga J, Wang TC, Greten FR. The gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:63-78. [PMID: 23583733 PMCID: PMC4012393 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the microenvironment of gastrointestinal tumors has gained increasing attention because it is required for tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment has many components and has been recognized as one of the major hallmarks of epithelial cancers. Although therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal cancer have previously focused on the epithelial cell compartment, there is increasing interest in reagents that alter the microenvironment, based on reported interactions among gastrointestinal epithelial, stromal, and immune cells during gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. We review the different cellular components of the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment and their functions in carcinogenesis and discuss how improving our understanding of the complex stromal network could lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Quante
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Julia Varga
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Karagiannis GS, Poutahidis T, Erdman SE, Kirsch R, Riddell RH, Diamandis EP. Cancer-associated fibroblasts drive the progression of metastasis through both paracrine and mechanical pressure on cancer tissue. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1403-18. [PMID: 23024188 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic cells recruit fibroblasts through various growth factors and cytokines. These "cancer-associated fibroblasts" (CAF) actively interact with neoplastic cells and form a myofibroblastic microenvironment that promotes cancer growth and survival and supports malignancy. Several products of their paracrine signaling repertoire have been recognized as tumor growth and metastasis regulators. However, tumor-promoting cell signaling is not the only reason that makes CAFs key components of the "tumor microenvironment," as CAFs affect both the architecture and growth mechanics of the developing tumor. CAFs participate in the remodeling of peritumoral stroma, which is a prerequisite of neoplastic cell invasion, expansion, and metastasis. CAFs are not present peritumorally as individual cells but they act orchestrated to fully deploy a desmoplastic program, characterized by "syncytial" (or collective) configuration and altered cell adhesion properties. Such myofibroblastic cohorts are reminiscent of those encountered in wound-healing processes. The view of "cancer as a wound that does not heal" led to useful comparisons between wound healing and tumorigenesis and expanded our knowledge of the role of CAF cohorts in cancer. In this integrative model of cancer invasion and metastasis, we propose that the CAF-supported microenvironment has a dual tumor-promoting role. Not only does it provide essential signals for cancer cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and survival but it also facilitates cancer cell local invasion and metastatic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Karagiannis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
This review is focusing on a critical mediator of embryonic and postnatal development with multiple implications in inflammation, neoplasia, and other pathological situations in brain and peripheral tissues. These morphogenetic guidance and dependence processes are involved in several malignancies targeting the epithelial and immune systems including the progression of human colorectal cancers. We consider the most important findings and their impact on basic, translational, and clinical cancer research. Expected information can bring new cues for innovative, efficient, and safe strategies of personalized medicine based on molecular markers, protagonists, signaling networks, and effectors inherent to the Netrin axis in pathophysiological states.
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Komiya E, Furuya M, Watanabe N, Miyagi Y, Higashi S, Miyazaki K. Elevated expression of angiomodulin (AGM/IGFBP-rP1) in tumor stroma and its roles in fibroblast activation. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:691-9. [PMID: 22321149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomodulin (AGM/IGFBP-rP1), a glycoprotein of about 30 kDa, is overexpressed in tumor vasculature as well as some human cancer cell lines, but it has been suggested to be a tumor suppressor. To elucidate roles of angiomodulin (AGM) in tumor progression, we here examined distribution of AGM in three types of human cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that AGM was overexpressed in the stroma as well as the vasculature surrounding tumor cells in the human cancer tissues. AGM and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as an activated fibroblast marker were often colocalized in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In vitro analysis indicated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 might be an important inducer of AGM in normal human fibroblasts. AGM strongly stimulated the expression of fibronectin and weakly that of α-SMA in normal fibroblasts. AGM significantly stimulated the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. The AGM-induced expression of fibronectin and α-SMA was blocked by a TGF-β signal inhibitor but neither the stimulation of cell growth nor migration. These results imply that AGM activates normal fibroblasts by TGF-β-dependent and independent mechanisms. These findings also suggest that AGM and TGF-β1 cooperatively or complementarily contribute to the stromal activation and connective tissue formation in human cancer tissues, contributing to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Komiya
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Khamis ZI, Sahab ZJ, Sang QXA. Active roles of tumor stroma in breast cancer metastasis. Int J Breast Cancer 2012; 2012:574025. [PMID: 22482059 PMCID: PMC3296264 DOI: 10.1155/2012/574025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death for breast cancer patients. Tumors are heterogenous cellular entities composed of cancer cells and cells of the microenvironment in which they reside. A reciprocal dynamic interaction occurs between the tumor cells and their surrounding stroma under physiological and pathological conditions. This tumor-host communication interface mediates the escape of tumor cells at the primary site, survival of circulating cancer cells in the vasculature, and growth of metastatic cancer at secondary site. Each step of the metastatic process is accompanied by recruitment of stromal cells from the microenvironment and production of unique array of growth factors and chemokines. Stromal microenvironment may play active roles in breast cancer metastasis. Elucidating the types of cells recruited and signal pathways involved in the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells will help identify novel strategies for cotargeting cancer cells and tumor stromal cells to suppress metastasis and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa I. Khamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Ziad J. Sahab
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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Arousal of cancer-associated stroma: overexpression of palladin activates fibroblasts to promote tumor invasion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30219. [PMID: 22291919 PMCID: PMC3264580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts, comprised of activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, are found in the stroma surrounding solid tumors. These myofibroblasts promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Mechanisms regulating the activation of the fibroblasts and the initiation of invasive tumorigenesis are of great interest. Upregulation of the cytoskeletal protein, palladin, has been detected in the stromal myofibroblasts surrounding many solid cancers and in expression screens for genes involved in invasion. Using a pancreatic cancer model, we investigated the functional consequence of overexpression of exogenous palladin in normal fibroblasts in vitro and its effect on the early stages of tumor invasion. Principal Findings Palladin expression in stromal fibroblasts occurs very early in tumorigenesis. In vivo, concordant expression of palladin and the myofibroblast marker, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), occurs early at the dysplastic stages in peri-tumoral stroma and progressively increases in pancreatic tumorigenesis. In vitro introduction of exogenous 90 kD palladin into normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) induces activation of stromal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts as marked by induction of α-SMA and vimentin, and through the physical change of cell morphology. Moreover, palladin expression in the fibroblasts enhances cellular migration, invasion through the extracellular matrix, and creation of tunnels through which cancer cells can follow. The fibroblast invasion and creation of tunnels results from the development of invadopodia-like cellular protrusions which express invadopodia proteins and proteolytic enzymes. Palladin expression in fibroblasts is triggered by the co-culture of normal fibroblasts with k-ras-expressing epithelial cells. Conclusions Overall, palladin expression can impart myofibroblast properties, in turn promoting the invasive potential of these peri-tumoral cells with invadopodia-driven degradation of extracellular matrix. Palladin expression in fibroblasts can be triggered by k-ras expression in adjacent epithelial cells. This data supports a model whereby palladin-activated fibroblasts facilitate stromal-dependent metastasis and outgrowth of tumorigenic epithelium.
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Hendrix A, Gespach C, Bracke M, De Wever O. The tumor ecosystem regulates the roads for invasion and metastasis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:714-9. [PMID: 21676670 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Invasive cancer cells traffic from the primary tumor ecosystem to distant metastatic sites. Experimental data are reviewed with a focus on cross-signaling between cancer cells and host cells such as myofibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. Invasion-associated cellular activities, namely vesicle exocytosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, depend on complex networks of signal transduction pathways including activation of tyrosine kinases, the Rab, Rac and Rho family of small GTPases and cadherin signaling. As clinical validation, some cell types or molecules implicated in invasion-associated activities may serve as prognostic/predictive biomarker or as target for patient-tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Hendrix
- Laboratory of experimental cancer research, department of radiation oncology and experimental cancer research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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