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Gu M, Liu Y, Xin P, Guo W, Zhao Z, Yang X, Ma R, Jiao T, Zheng W. Fundamental insights and molecular interactions in pancreatic cancer: Pathways to therapeutic approaches. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216738. [PMID: 38401887 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract can be affected by a number of diseases that pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant manifestation of them. The prognosis of PC patients is unfavorable and because of their diagnosis at advanced stage, the treatment of this tumor is problematic. Owing to low survival rate, there is much interest towards understanding the molecular profile of PC in an attempt in developing more effective therapeutics. The conventional therapeutics for PC include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as emerging immunotherapy. However, PC is still incurable and more effort should be performed. The molecular landscape of PC is an underlying factor involved in increase in progression of tumor cells. In the presence review, the newest advances in understanding the molecular and biological events in PC are discussed. The dysregulation of molecular pathways including AMPK, MAPK, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and non-coding RNA transcripts has been suggested as a factor in development of tumorigenesis in PC. Moreover, cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis demonstrate abnormal levels. The EMT and glycolysis in PC cells enhance to ensure their metastasis and proliferation. Furthermore, such abnormal changes have been used to develop corresponding pharmacological and nanotechnological therapeutics for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Peng Xin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Taiwei Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
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Sun Y, Wang X, Yao L, He R, Man C, Fan Y. Construction and validation of a RARRES3-based prognostic signature related to the specific immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1246308. [PMID: 38375157 PMCID: PMC10876156 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1246308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) is prognostically instructive in Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). However, the potential value of TiME-related genes in the individualized immunotherapy of PAAD has not been clarified. Methods Correlation between Immune-Related Genes (IRGs) and immune-related transcription factors (TFs) was performed to prove the immune correlation of selected genes. Immune-related molecular subtypes were identified by consensus clustering. The TiME-score, an immune microenvironment-related prognostic signature for PAAD, was constructed using minimum absolute contraction and selection operator regression (Lasso-Cox). The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset validated the reliability of TiME-score as external validation. Single-cell samples from GSE197177 confirmed microenvironment differences of TiME-score hub genes between tumor and its paracancer tissues. Then, RARRES3, a hub gene in TiME-score, was further analyzed about its upstream TP53 mutation and the specific immune landscape of itself in transcriptome and Single-cell level. Eventually, TiME-score were validated in different therapeutic cohorts of PAAD mice models. Results A 14-genes PAAD immune-related risk signature, TiME-score, was constructed based on IRGs. The differences of TiME-score hub genes in single-cell samples of PAAD cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were consistent with the transcriptome. Single-cell samples of cancer tissues showed more pronounced immune cell infiltration. The upstream mutation factor TP53 of RARRES3 was significantly enriched in immune-related biological processes. High RARRES3 expression was correlated with a worse prognosis and high macrophages M1 infiltration. Additionally, the immunohistochemistry of hub genes AGT, DEFB1, GH1, IL20RB, and TRAF3 in different treatment cohorts of mice PAAD models were consistent with the predicted results. The combination of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy has shown significantly better therapeutic effects than single drug therapy in PAAD. Conclusion TiME-score, as a prognostic signature related to PAAD-specific immune microenvironment constructed based on RARRES3, has predictive value for prognosis and the potential to guide individualized immunotherapy for PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Sun
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suqian First People’s Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong He
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changfeng Man
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for pancreatic cancer. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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4
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Rehman U, Abourehab MA, Alexander A, Kesharwani P. Polymeric micelles assisted combinatorial therapy: Is it new hope for pancreatic cancer? Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Liu Z, Parveen N, Rehman U, Aziz A, Sheikh A, Abourehab MAS, Guo W, Huang J, Wang Z, Kesharwani P. Unravelling the enigma of siRNA and aptamer mediated therapies against pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:8. [PMID: 36635659 PMCID: PMC9835391 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a fatal disease that has a poor 5-year survival rate. The poor prognosis can be attributed to both troublesome detections at the initial stage, which makes the majority of the treatment options largely unsuccessful and leads to extensive metastasis, as well as to its distinct pathophysiological characteristics, such as rich desmoplastic tumours bounded by dysplastic and hypo perfused vessels restricting the mobility of therapeutic agents. Continued attempts have been made to utilise innovative measures for battling PC to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of therapies and overcome their cytotoxicity. Combined cancer targeting and gene silencing approach has shown improved outcomes in patients' survival rates and quality of life, offering a potential solution to therapeutic complications. It particularly targets various barriers to alleviate delivery problems and diminish tumour recurrence and metastasis. While aptamers, a type of single-stranded nucleic acids with strong binding affinity and specificity to target molecules, have recently surfaced as a viable PC strategy, siRNA can interfere with the expression of certain genes. By concurrently suppressing genes and boosting targeted approach, the cocktail of siRNA/Aptamer and other therapeutic drugs can circumvent the multi-drug resistance phenomena. Additionally, combination therapy with additive or synergistic effects can considerably increase the therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer medications. This study outlines the primary difficulties in treating PC, along with recent developments in siRNA/Aptamer mediated drug delivery to solve the major hiccup of oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Neha Parveen
- grid.411816.b0000 0004 0498 8167Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Urushi Rehman
- grid.411816.b0000 0004 0498 8167Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Aisha Aziz
- grid.411816.b0000 0004 0498 8167Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- grid.411816.b0000 0004 0498 8167Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Guo
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning China
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- grid.411816.b0000 0004 0498 8167Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India ,grid.412431.10000 0004 0444 045XCenter for Transdisciplinary Research, Department Of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
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Tailoring carrier-free nanocombo of small-molecule prodrug for combinational cancer therapy. J Control Release 2022; 352:256-275. [PMID: 36272660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The outcomes of monotherapy could not satisfy clinical cancer treatment owing to the challenges of tumor heterogeneity, multi-drug resistance, tumor metastasis and relapse. In response, the significance of combinational cancer therapy has been highlighted. Traditional combinational schemes usually utilize "free" drug for multi drug administration, independently. The diverse pharmacokinetics and biodistribution greatly hinder the antitumor effects and cause systematic toxicity. To tackle the hinderance, various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have been developed. However, conventional Nano-DDSs encapsulate drugs into carrier materials through noncovalent interactions, resulting in low drug loading, fixed multi drug encapsulation ratio, chemical instability and carrier-associated toxicity. Recently, carrier-free nanocombos based on self-assembling small-molecule prodrugs (SPNCs) have emerged as a versatile Nano-DDSs for multiple drug delivery. Benefited by the self-assembly capability, SPNCs could be facilely fabricated with distinct merits of ultra-high drug loading, adjustable drug ratio and negligible carrier-associated toxicity. Herein, we summarize the latest trends of SPNCs. First, a basic review on self-assembling small-molecule prodrugs is presented. Additionally, facile techniques to prepare SPNCs are introduced. Furthermore, advanced combinational therapies based on SPNCs are spotlighted with special emphasis on synergistic mechanisms. Finally, future prospects and challenges are discussed.
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Guan S, Deng G, Sun J, Han Q, Lv Y, Xue T, Ding L, Yang T, Qian N, Dai G. Evaluation of circulating tumor DNA as a prognostic biomarker for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:926260. [PMID: 36081557 PMCID: PMC9446234 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposePancreatic cancer is an aggressive solid tumor with a severe prognosis. Although tumor biomarkers are often used to identify advanced pancreatic cancer, this is not accurate, and the currently used biomarkers are not indicative of prognosis. The present study evaluated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a biomarker for prognosis prediction and disease monitoring in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC).MethodsFrom 2017 to 2018, 40 patients with metastatic PAC were enrolled, and tumor tissue and blood samples were collected from 40 and 35 patients, respectively. CtDNA was sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a 425-gene capture panel. The association of clinical characteristics, laboratory indicators, and dynamic ctDNA with patient outcomes was analyzed.ResultsMutations in KRAS (87.5%, N = 35) and TP53 (77.5%, N = 31) were most common in 40 tumor tissue. Patients’ ECOG score, CA19-9, CEA, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet- lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels and mutations in ≥ 3 driver genes were strongly correlated with patients’ overall survival (OS). Patients’ gender, ECOG score, CA19-9, and CEA levels were associated with progression-free survival (PFS) (P<0.05). In 35 blood samples, univariate analysis showed a significant association between ECOG score, CA19-9, KRAS or CDKN2A mutation in ctDNA and OS and between CA19-9, CDKN2A or SMAD4 mutation in ctDNA and PFS. Cox hazard proportion model showed that patients’ CDKN2A mutation in ctDNA (HR=16.1, 95% CI=4.4-59.1, P<0.001), ECOG score (HR=6.2, 95% CI=2.4-15.7, P<0.001) and tumor location (HR=0.4, 95% CI=0.1-0.9, P=0.027) were significantly associated with OS. Patients’ CDKN2A mutation in ctDNA (HR=6.8, 95% CI=2.3-19.9, P=0.001), SMAD4 mutation in ctDNA (HR=3.0, 95% CI=1.1-7.9, P=0.031) and metastatic organ (HR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2-1.0, P=0.046) were significantly associated with PFS. Longitudinal changes in gene mutation allelic frequency (MAF) value were evaluated in 24 patients. Detection of progression disease (PD) by ctDNA was 0.9 months earlier than by radiological imaging (mean PFS: 4.6m vs 5.5m, P=0.004, paired t-test).ConclusionsThe ctDNA has the potential as a specific survival predictive marker for metastatic PAC patients. Longitudinal ctDNA tracking could potentially help identify disease progression and be a valuable complement for routine clinical markers and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Guan
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Guochao Deng
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjie Sun
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Quanli Han
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Xue
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lijuan Ding
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Tongxin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Niansong Qian
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese People’ Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Niansong Qian, ; Guanghai Dai,
| | - Guanghai Dai
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Niansong Qian, ; Guanghai Dai,
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Martins N, Pradhan A, Pascoal C, Cássio F. Individual and mixed effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifers: A multigenerational approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112893. [PMID: 34655884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human population growth has led to an increased release of chemical contaminants into aquatic environments. Emerging chemical contaminants (ECCs) are of increasing concern because they can affect non-target organisms in aquatic ecosystems. The application of anticancer drugs is increasing because of enhanced cancer rates and use of chemotherapy. We assessed the impacts of two widely used anticancer drugs known for their distinct modes of action, namely 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin (DOX), on the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus across generations. Rotifer mortality (24 h) and population growth (48 h) were assessed to determine initial lethal and sub-lethal effects. Exposure of rotifers to 5-FU (up to 200 mg L-1) did not cause mortality, while DOX caused mortality at high concentrations (EC50 = 15.6 mg L-1). Effects of 5-FU on population growth rate was higher than DOX (5-FU EC50 =10.49 µg L-1, DOX EC50 = 8.78 mg L-1). The effects of the drugs in binary mixture on population growth rates were dose dependent; significant antagonistic effects were found when 5-FU was present in the mixture at high concentrations. Finally, a transgenerational assay for five generations revealed that rotifers were able to recover their population growth rate after fourth generation when exposed to 5-FU; however, population became non-viable after the second generation of exposure to DOX. At the cellular level, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and plasma membrane damage were observed at EC10 and increased at EC50 for both drugs. After exposure of rotifers to 5-FU across generations, there were signs of oxidative stress recovery, as shown by a decrease in ROS accumulation and plasma membrane damage. Our results showed for the first time that the adverse effects of anticancer drugs on freshwater rotifer populations are drug and dose dependent and can persist or be attenuated along generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Martins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute for Science and Innovation for Bio-sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Arunava Pradhan
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute for Science and Innovation for Bio-sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute for Science and Innovation for Bio-sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cássio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute for Science and Innovation for Bio-sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Han J, Wang DY, Wang Q, Meng L, Luo Z, Li J, Kang Y, Lv W, Huang Q, Wang PG, Wang Y, Shen J, Wang Y. PEGylated Poly-HDACi: A Designer Polyprodrug from Optimized Drug Units. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103114. [PMID: 34820923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We designed, synthesized, and characterized a tri-block copolymer. Its hydrophobic part, a chain of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) prodrug, was symmetrically flanked by two identical PEG blocks, whereas the built-in HDACi was a linear molecule, terminated with a thiol at one end, and a hydroxyl group at the other. Such a feature facilitated end-to-end linkage of prodrugs through alternatively aligned disulfides and carbonates. The disulfides served dual roles: redox sensors of smart nanomedicine, and warheads of masked HDACi drugs. This approach, carefully designed to benefit both control-release and efficacy, is conceptually novel for optimizing drug units in nanomedicine. Micelles from this designer polyprodrug released only PEG, CO2 and HDACi, and synergized with DOX against HCT116 cells, demonstrating its widespread potential in combination therapy. Our work highlights, for the first time, the unique advantage of thiol-based drug molecules in nanomedicine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Han
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Da-Yuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Li Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Yanke Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Peng George Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China
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Wang L, Li G, Cao L, Dong Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Li Y, Guo X, Zhang Y, Sun F, Du X, Su J, Li Q, Peng X, Shao K, Zhao W. An ultrasound-driven immune-boosting molecular machine for systemic tumor suppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj4796. [PMID: 34669472 PMCID: PMC8528430 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploring facile and effective therapeutic modalities for synergistically controlling primary tumor and metastasis remains a pressing clinical need. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) offers the possibility of noninvasively eradicating local solid tumors, but lacks antimetastatic activity because of its limited ability in generating systemic antitumor effect. Here, we exploited a previously unidentified ultrasound-driven “molecular machine,” DYSP-C34 (C34 for short), with multiple attractive features, emerging from preferential tumor accumulation, potent ultrasound-triggered cytotoxicity, and intrinsic immune-boosting capacity. Driven by the ultrasound, C34 functioned not only as a tumor cell killing reagent but also as an immune booster that could potentiate robust adaptive antitumor immunity by directly stimulating dendritic cells, resulting in the eradication of the primary solid tumor along with the inhibition of metastasis. This molecular machine, C34, rendered great promise to achieve systemic treatment against cancer via unimolecule-mediated SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiuhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Jiangan Su
- EEC Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qing Li
- EEC Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Liu J, Sun L, Li L, Zhang R, Xu ZP. Synergistic Cancer Photochemotherapy via Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Trimodal Nanomedicine at Very Low Therapeutic Doses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7115-7126. [PMID: 33543935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of cancer therapy is always accompanied by severe side effects due to the high amount of toxic antitumor drugs that off-target normal organs/tissues. Herein, we report the development of a trifunctional layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosystem for combined photochemotherapy of skin cancer at very low therapeutic doses. This nanosystem (ICG/Cu-LDH@BSA-DOX) is composed of acid-responsive bovine serum albumin-doxorubicin prodrug (BSA-DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG)-intercalated Cu-doped LDH nanoparticle. ICG/Cu-LDH@BSA-DOX is able to release DOX in an acid-triggered manner, efficiently and simultaneously generates heating and reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon 808 nm laser irradiation, and synergistically induces apoptosis of skin cancer cells. In vivo therapeutic evaluations demonstrate that ICG/Cu-LDH@BSA-DOX nearly eradicated the tumor tissues upon one-course treatment using very low doses of therapeutic agents (0.175 mg/kg DOX, 0.5 mg/kg Cu, and 0.25 mg/kg ICG) upon very mild 808 nm laser irradiation (0.3 W/cm2 for 2 min). This work thus provides a novel strategy to design anticancer nanomedicine for efficient combination cancer treatment with minimal side effects in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Luyao Sun
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Zhan T, Chen X, Tian X, Han Z, Liu M, Zou Y, Huang S, Chen A, Cheng X, Deng J, Tan J, Huang X. MiR-331-3p Links to Drug Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Activating WNT/β-Catenin Signal via ST7L. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820945801. [PMID: 32924881 PMCID: PMC7493267 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820945801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis, short survival rate, and high mortality. Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in the disease. MiR-331-3p has been reported to play an important role in several cancers. We previously showed that miR-331-3p is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–mediated metastasis by targeting ST7L. However, it is uncertain whether miR-331-3p is involved in drug resistance. Methods: We investigated the relationship between miR-331-3p and pancreatic cancer drug resistance. As part of this, microRNA mimics or inhibitors were transfected into pancreatic cancer cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect miR-331-3p expression, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to measure the IC50 values of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. The expression of multidrug resistance protein 1, multidrug resistance-related protein 1, breast cancer resistance protein, β-Catenin, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 was evaluated by Western blotting. Results: We confirmed that miR-331-3p is upregulated in gemcitabine-treated pancreatic cancer cells and plasma from chemotherapy patients. We also confirmed that miR-331-3p inhibition decreased drug resistance by regulating cell apoptosis and multidrug resistance protein 1, multidrug resistance-related protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein expression in pancreatic cancer cells, whereas miR-331-3p overexpression had the opposite effect. We further demonstrated that miR-331-3p effects in drug resistance were partially reversed by ST7L overexpression. In addition, overexpression of miR-331-3p activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in pancreatic cancer cells, and ST7L overexpression restored activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusions: Taken together, our data demonstrate that miR-331-3p contributes to drug resistance by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via ST7L in pancreatic cancer cells. These data provide a theoretical basis for new targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanli Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aifang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueting Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junsheng Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Uesato Y, Sasahira N, Ozaka M, Sasaki T, Takatsuki M, Zembutsu H. Evaluation of circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker in pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235623. [PMID: 32614932 PMCID: PMC7332050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive, solid tumor, with a grave prognosis. Despite surgical treatment in patients with pancreatic cancer, the rate of recurrence is high. In addition, although tumor biomarkers are frequently used to confirm advanced pancreatic cancer, this is not accurate and the biomarkers currently used cannot indicate prognosis. This study sought to evaluate circulating tumor DNA as a tumor biomarker to prognosticate pancreatic cancer. Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and liver metastasis (N = 104) were included, and blood samples were collected from all patients. The mutant allele frequency was measured using amplicon-based deep sequencing on a cell-free DNA panel covering 14 genes with > 240 hot spots. In patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, 50% (N = 52) had detectable ctDNA levels, with TP53 (45%, N = 47) and KRAS (42.3%, N = 44) mutations the most common. Patients with detectable circulating tumor DNA levels also had significantly worse overall survival and progression free survival than ctDNA negative patients (8.4 vs 16 months, P<0.0001 for overall survival; 3.2 vs 7.9 months, P<0.0001 for progression-free survival). In a multivariate analysis, ctDNA status was independently associated with overall survival and progression-free survival (HR = 3.1, 95%CI = 1.9-5.0, P<0.0001; HR 2.6, 95%CI = 1.7-4.0, P<0.0001, respectively). Moreover, circulating tumor DNA significantly correlated with a higher number of liver metastases, the presence of lung and/or peritoneal metastases, tumor burden, and higher carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels. This study supports the use of circulating tumor DNA as an independent prognostic marker for advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Uesato
- Project of Development of Liquid Biopsy Diagnosis, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoki Sasahira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Ozaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Zembutsu
- Project of Development of Liquid Biopsy Diagnosis, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Quan MY, Guo Q, Liu J, Yang R, Bai J, Wang W, Cai Y, Han R, Lv YQ, Ding L, Billadeau DD, Lou Z, Bellusci S, Li X, Zhang JS. An FGFR/AKT/SOX2 Signaling Axis Controls Pancreatic Cancer Stemness. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:287. [PMID: 32457900 PMCID: PMC7221133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stemness is associated with high malignancy and low differentiation, as well as therapeutic resistance of tumors including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) exert pleiotropic effects on a variety of cellular processes and functions including embryonic stem cell pluripotency and cancer cell stemness via the activation of four tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs). FGF ligands have been a major component of the cocktail of growth factors contained in the cancer stemness-inducing (CSI) and organoid culture medium. Although FGF/FGFR signaling has been hypothesized to maintain cancer stemness, its function in this process is still unclear. We report that inhibition of FGF/FGFR signaling impairs sphere-forming ability of PDAC in vitro, and knocking down FGFR1 and FGFR2 decreased their tumorigenesis abilities in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SOX2 is down-regulated upon loss of FGFR signaling. The overexpression of SOX2 in SOX2-negative cells, which normally do not display stemness capabilities, is sufficient to induce spheroid formation. Additionally, we found that AKT phosphorylation was reduced upon FGFR signaling inhibition. The inhibition of AKT using specific pharmacological inhibitors in the context of CSI medium leads to the loss of spheroid formation associated with loss of SOX2 nuclear expression and increased degradation. We demonstrate that an FGFR/AKT/SOX2 axis controls cancer stemness in PDAC and therefore may represent an important therapeutic target in the fight against this very aggressive form of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Cai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Lv
- Center for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Ding
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Lung Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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15
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Uesato Y, Tamashiro K, Takatsuki M. Long-term survival after repeated resection for lung metastasis originating from pancreatic cancer: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:66. [PMID: 32266605 PMCID: PMC7138888 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer has a grave prognosis. Most patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer are inoperable, and case reports of resection of lung metastasis from pancreatic cancer are rare. This patient underwent resection of a lung metastasis twice after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. Case presentation A 75-year-old man with pancreaticoduodenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer was diagnosed with a lung metastasis 48 months after surgery. Histological findings after thoracoscopic partial resection of the right lung by video-assisted thoracic surgery confirmed the presence of a lung metastasis originating from the pancreatic cancer. The patient refused chemotherapy. A new lung metastasis was detected 84 months following the second surgery (132 months after the pancreaticoduodenectomy). After thoracoscopic partial resection of the left lung by video-assisted thoracic surgery, the histological findings once again confirmed a metastasis that originated from the pancreatic cancer. The patient refused chemotherapy and remained alive and relapse-free after the 10-month follow-up. Conclusion Detection and resection of an isolated lung metastasis originating from pancreatic cancer may improve prognosis. Careful follow-up may be warranted to identify patients who might benefit from aggressive local treatment of oligometastasic pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Uesato
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, University of Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Koichi Tamashiro
- Department of Pathology, University of Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, University of Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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16
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Srivastava P, Hira SK, Paladhi A, Singh R, Gupta U, Srivastava DN, Singh RA, Manna PP. Studies on interaction potency model based on drug synergy and therapeutic potential of triple stimuli-responsive delivery of doxorubicin and 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine against lymphoma using disulfide-bridged cysteine over mesoporous silica nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1411-1421. [PMID: 31974541 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02628b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A triple stimuli-responsive drug delivery platform involving doxorubicin, 5-fluoro-2-deoxy uridine and folic acid was fabricated on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeting delivery against a highly aggressive murine lymphoma called Dalton's lymphoma. Fabrication of the unique construct by amalgamating active and passive targeting mechanisms offers a novel hyper-chimeric platform for a stimuli-responsive drug delivery system. The novel construct enables efficient and precise delivery of the precious cargo to the tumor sites. Active targeting by folic acid directs the doxorubicin and 5-fluoro-2-deoxy uridine in the close proximities of the tumor cells, causing efficient killing and significant growth inhibition. Isobologram models, zero interaction potency dose-response surface plots and matrices were generated to evaluate the combination synergism of the two drugs. Therapy with the dual drug-bearing construct in mice with established tumors significantly reduced the tumor load and enhanced the survival of the animals compared with the untreated control. Therapy with the dual delivery system also augmented the innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms of the treated animals. CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells and the dendritic cells from the treated group following successful therapy with the novel construct showed enhanced cytotoxicity and growth inhibitory capacities against DL tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Srivastava
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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17
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Afsharinasab A, Moayer F, Amini M, Choopani S, Tahmasvand R, dehghani S, Mousavi SZ, Salimi M. Two Novel Compounds with Tri-aryl Structures as Effective Anti-Breast Cancer Candidates In-vivo. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:145-152. [PMID: 33224219 PMCID: PMC7667539 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.111802.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prognosis of metastatic breast cancer is very poor which urges the necessity to develop novel potential drug candidates. We assessed two compounds with tri-aryl structures (A and B) for their potency to reduce primary breast tumor growth and lung metastasis in 4T1 mice model. MTT assay, 4T1 mammary mouse model, and immunohistochemistry experiments were used in this study. In-vitro results exhibited an anti-proliferative effect for compounds A and B towards MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Our in-vivo results displayed that administered compounds A and B could suppress the size of the primary tumor and the number of lung metastatic foci in 4T1 BALB/c mice model. Histopathological analysis revealed that treatment of both compounds resulted in necrosis. Our findings provide new evidence that compound B may be promising for slowing the growth of tumor along with metastatic foci via COX-2 independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahoo Afsharinasab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (IAUPS).
- Department of Physiology and pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Moayer
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samira Choopani
- Department of Physiology and pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Raheleh Tahmasvand
- Department of Physiology and pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh dehghani
- Department of Physiology and pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyede Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (IAUPS).
| | - Mona Salimi
- Department of Physiology and pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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da Fonseca TG, Abessa DMS, Bebianno MJ. Effects of mixtures of anticancer drugs in the benthic polychaete Nereis diversicolor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1180-1192. [PMID: 31252116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of anticancer drugs through single and/or combinatory chemotherapy worldwide raised concern regarding their toxicity burden in coastal zones. The toxicity of a mixture of three compounds involving the drugs cisplatin (CisPt), cyclophosphamide (CP) and tamoxifen (TAM) was determined on the marine polychaete Nereis diversicolor exposed to an increasing range of their concentrations, respectively: Mix A: 0.1 + 10 + 0.1 ng L-1; Mix B: 10 + 100 + 10 ng L-1; Mix C: 100 + 500 + 25 ng L-1; Mix D: 100 + 1000 + 100 ng L-1. Different endpoints were assessed, including disturbance in the burrowing behaviour, neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE activity), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase - Se-GPx and total glutathione peroxidases T-GPx activities), biotransformation metabolism (glutathione-S-transferases - GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage). Biological effects of the mixtures of anticancer compounds on N. diversicolor were compared with previous studies about effects on the same biological model under single-drug exposure conducted with the same molecules. Regarding SOD activity, TAM showed an antagonist effect over CisPt and CP in mixtures C and D. In Mix D, there was a synergistic effect of TAM and CisPt that inhibited CAT activity and an additive interaction of CisPt and CP on the Phase II biotransformation enzyme. Drugs in Mix A also suppressed polychaetes' GST activity, although different from the respective single-drug responses, besides able to induce T-GPx activity, that was not sufficient to avoid oxidative damage and mid-grade DNA damage. Due to the absence of burrowing impairment in Mix A, mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity were other than the one driven by AChE alterations. At the intermediary concentrations (Mix B and C), only LPO occurred. Data from drugs individually may not predict the risks provided by mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Garcia da Fonseca
- Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.
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19
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Long J, Liu Z, Hui L. Anti-tumor effect and mechanistic study of elemene on pancreatic carcinoma. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:133. [PMID: 31215421 PMCID: PMC6582541 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elemene is an effective anticancer component extracted from Zingiberaceae plants. This work was aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism actions of elemene on pancreatic carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The anti-proliferation experiment was measured by Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in the time of 24, 48 and 72 h in three different dosages. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometer after 12 h treatment. Forty-eight nude mice were subcutaneously xenograft with BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells and divided into four groups: Control group and high, medium, low dosage of elemene (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg) treatment groups. Immunoblot and immunohistochemical methods were applied to detect the protein expression of P53 and Bcl-2 in the tumor of pancreatic cancer xenografts. H & E staining was used to detect the histopathological changes in each group. RESULTS A significant inhibition effect was observed in the anti-proliferation of BxPC-3 and Panc-1 cells in vitro in the time course of 24, 48 and 72 h with a dose dependent manner. The cell cycle results showed that elemene could arrest pancreatic cancer cells in the S phase after 12 h treatment in BxPC-3 and Panc-1 cell line. The in vivo BxPC-3 xenografts study exhibited that elemene was significantly decreased the tumor size in the high dosage group, compared to control group. And there is no any significant change in body weight of all animals. H&E pathology section result showed that treatment with elemene significantly decreased the inflammation cells and reduced the histopathological changes with a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, treatment with elemene significantly up-regulates the protein expression of P53, while down-regulate the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the tumor tissues, respectively. Furthermore, the western blot result showed that treatment with elemene increased the expression of P53 and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, compared with the control group, which is similar to the results of immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that elemene has a potential anti pancreatic cancer effect, down-regulation the protein expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulation the protein expression of P53 in a dose dependent manner may be is the anti-tumor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Long
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Hui
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
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20
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Fouani L, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Targeting Oncogenic Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling with Redox-Active Agents for Cancer Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1096-1123. [PMID: 29161883 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is essential under physiologically relevant conditions. However, aberrant activation of this pathway plays a pertinent role in tumorigenesis and contributes to resistance. Recent Advances: The importance of the NF-κB pathway means that its targeting must be specific to avoid side effects. For many currently used therapeutics and those under development, the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a promising strategy. CRITICAL ISSUES As cancer cells exhibit greater ROS levels than their normal counterparts, they are more sensitive to additional ROS, which may be a potential therapeutic niche. It is known that ROS are involved in (i) the activation of NF-κB signaling, when in sublethal amounts; and (ii) high levels induce cytotoxicity resulting in apoptosis. Indeed, ROS-induced cytotoxicity is valuable for its capabilities in killing cancer cells, but establishing the potency of ROS for effective inhibition of NF-κB signaling is necessary. Indeed, some cancer treatments, currently used, activate NF-κB and may stimulate oncogenesis and confer resistance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Thus, combinatorial approaches using ROS-generating agents alongside conventional therapeutics may prove an effective tactic to reduce NF-κB activity to kill cancer cells. One strategy is the use of thiosemicarbazones, which form redox-active metal complexes that generate high ROS levels to deliver potent antitumor activity. These agents also upregulate the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), which functions as an NF-κB signaling inhibitor. It is proposed that targeting NF-κB signaling may proffer a new therapeutic niche to improve the efficacy of anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Fouani
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Xu C, Wang Y, Tu Q, Zhang Z, Chen M, Mwangi J, Li Y, Jin Y, Zhao X, Lai R. Targeting surface nucleolin induces autophagy-dependent cell death in pancreatic cancer via AMPK activation. Oncogene 2019; 38:1832-1844. [PMID: 30356139 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest human cancers despite current advances in conventional therapeutics including surgery and adjuvant therapies. Here, we showed that LZ1, a peptide derived from a snake venom cathelicidin, significantly inhibited growth of pancreatic cancer cells by inducing autophagy-dependent cell death both in vitro and in vivo. The LZ1-induced cell death was blocked by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy. In orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer, systemic administration of LZ1 (1-4 mg/kg) exhibited remarkable antitumor efficacy, significantly prolonged mice survival, and showed negligible adverse effects by comparison with gemcitabine (20 mg/kg). Mechanistic studies revealed that LZ1 acts through binding to nucleolin, whose expression on cell surface is frequently increased in pancreatic cancer cells. LZ1 binding triggers degradation of surface-expressed nucleolin. This leads to activation of 5'-AMP kinase which results in suppression of mTORC1 activity and induction of autophagic flux. These data suggest that LZ1, targeting nucleolin-AMPK-autophagy axis, is a promising lead for the development of therapeutic agents against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiu Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengrou Chen
- Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650041, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
- Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
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22
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Liu Z, Cao S, Jin C, He Y, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu Z. The antagonism between apigenin and protoapigenone to the PDK-1 target in Macrothelypteris torresiana. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:14-22. [PMID: 30731149 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin and protoapigenone that both have the activities against various cancer cell lines co-exist in Macrothelypteris torresiana, while the extracts of M. torresiana couldn't achieve the fine anti-tumor effects for the existence of potent anti-tumor compounds. This study disclosed an antagonism between the two compounds on the protein level to elucidate the paradox. First, the study established the fingerprint for M. torresiana extract. The following anti-proliferation assay verified that the antagonism occurs between protoapigenone and apigenin. And then Western blot and qt-PCR were applied to evaluate the expression and transcription level of the Akt phosphorylation related targets to validate the antagonism at the protein level. Moreover, CETSA further validated the binding of PDK-1 with apigenin and protoapigenone, as well as the antagonism between the two compounds. Finally, the compound-protein complexes predicted by SYBYL-X gave the visual results for the antagonism. The results demonstrated that: Due to the structural similarity and close binding coefficients to the identical targets, when the cells were treated with apigenin and protoapigenone simultaneously, the Akt phosphorylation inhibition induced by protoapigenone would attenuate significantly. The antagonism disclosed in this paper could be a new explanation for the unsatisfied efficacy of M. torresiana extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoshun Zhou
- Conform Pharm Engineering Center, Humanwell Healthcare (group) Co. Ltd, Gaoxing Avenue, Biolake park, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Conform Pharm Engineering Center, Humanwell Healthcare (group) Co. Ltd, Gaoxing Avenue, Biolake park, Wuhan, China.
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23
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Chen J, Chen L, Yu J, Xu Y, Wang X, Zeng Z, Liu N, Xu F, Yang S. Meta‑analysis of current chemotherapy regimens in advanced pancreatic cancer to prolong survival and reduce treatment‑associated toxicities. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:477-489. [PMID: 30431091 PMCID: PMC6297739 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) is a highly lethal malignancy. Although numerous chemotherapeutic regimens are available, evidence regarding the survival extension, the life quality improvement, the associated risks and occurrence rates of adverse effects, is required. The effects of 19 chemotherapy regimens on survival and treatment‑associated toxicities in the context of APC treatment were comparatively assessed. A total of 23 randomized controlled trials were included in this network meta‑analysis. For overall survival, five regimens, Gemcitabine (Gem)+radiotherapy (Radio), Gem+cisplatin (Cis), Gem+erlotinib (Erl)+bevacizumab (Bev), Gem+capecitabine (Cap)+Erl, and Gem+exatecan, were the most effective treatments, according to their respective high surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. Regarding the progression‑free survival, five regimens, including Gem+Radio, Gem+Erl+Bev, Gem+Cis, Gem+Cap+Erl and Gem+pemetrexed, were the most effective treatments based on their SUCRA probabilities. Each regimen exhibited advantages and disadvantages, and 14 common treatment‑associated toxicities were present in different proportions. The three principal toxic effects included haematological, gastrointestinal and constitutional symptoms. To improve survival, chemotherapy regimens with high SUCRA probabilities require prioritizing. Although treatment‑associated toxicities are unavoidable, the regimens presented toxicities in distinct proportions. Therefore, clinicians should assess the disease status of the patients, and balance the benefits and risks of the selected treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Linli Chen
- Division of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Division of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Bayingol Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 841300, P.R. China
| | - Ziqian Zeng
- Public Health School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Medicine, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- Public Health School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- Public Health School, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
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24
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Serri C, Quagliariello V, Iaffaioli RV, Fusco S, Botti G, Mayol L, Biondi M. Combination therapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer through hyaluronic acid‐decorated nanoparticles loaded with quercetin and gemcitabine: A preliminary in vitro study. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4959-4969. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Serri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori Fondazione Pascale, IRCCS Napoli Italia
| | - Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori Fondazione Pascale, IRCCS Napoli Italia
| | - Sabato Fusco
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) Università di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Director, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori Fondazione Pascale, IRCCS Napoli Italia
| | - Laura Mayol
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) Università di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Marco Biondi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) Università di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
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25
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Qian JY, Tan YL, Zhang Y, Yang YF, Li XQ. Prognostic value of glypican-1 for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer following regional intra-arterial chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1253-1258. [PMID: 29963198 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional intra-arterial chemotherapy (RIAC) is a potential alternative treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) with fewer adverse effects than other treatment options. However, specific biomarkers to determine the prognosis of patients with APC have thus far, been unsatisfactory. Glypican-1 (GPC1) in exosomes has been identified as an early diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the presence of GPC1 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) could serve as a predictor of RIAC outcome for patients with APC. EVs in circulation were isolated and the percentage of GPC1+ EVs was measured using flow cytometry. Compared with healthy individuals, the levels of GPC1+ EVs were significantly increased in patients with APC (P<0.01). Following RIAC treatment, the percentage of GPC1+ EVs was decreased (P=0.023). Furthermore, patients with APC exhibiting a greater decrease of GPC1+ EVs experienced improved overall survival (OS) rates. In summary, the present study provides insights into identifying GPC1 as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with APC following RIAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Qian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lin Tan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Fei Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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26
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Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang P, Dai L, Wu Z, Wang L, Cao M, Jiang J. Silibinin induces G1 arrest, apoptosis and JNK/SAPK upregulation in SW1990 human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9868-9876. [PMID: 29805688 PMCID: PMC5958732 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of silibinin on SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells. An MTT assay following silibinin treatment demonstrated an inhibitory effect on AsPC-1 and SW1990 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Propidium iodide staining analysis identified the cell cycle arrest of G1 phase and western blotting analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E2, cyclin A and cyclin B1 were decreased. The expression of G1-associated cell cycle-dependent kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and CDK6, were also decreased, whereas the expression of p15 (p15INK4B) was increased. In addition, after SW1990 cells were incubated with various concentrations of silibinin, early and late apoptotic cells were detected using flow cytometry. Silibinin increased the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and subsequent cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was also observed. The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl-2-like 1 and myeloid cell leukemia 1 were decreased, whereas the expression of Bcl-like protein 4 did not alter and the expression levels of Bcl-2-like 1 small and Bcl-2-like protein 11 were increased. The expression levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phospho-JNK were also increased. In conclusion, silibinin inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle G1 arrest via upregulating p15INK4B and induced mitochondrial apoptosis via upregulating JNK/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signaling pathway in human pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Liting Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Panyu Center Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
| | - Mingrong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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27
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Establishment and Verification of a Scoring Model for the Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer and Chronic Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2018. [PMID: 29517635 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to establish a scoring model for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) and to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy. METHODS The data of 502 patients with PC and 210 patients with CP at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1999 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Binary logistic regression was applied to establish the prediction model for the differential diagnosis. The model was verified using the method of leave-one-out cross-validation. RESULTS The scoring system was established with 5 variables including age, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, splenic vein invasion, irregular dilatation of the pancreatic duct, and nontruncated pancreatic duct stenosis. The score range was from -2 to 3. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the objects was 0.779 (95% confidence interval, 0.744-0.814) (P < 0.01), indicating that the scoring system is good at differentiation of PC with CP. With a score of 1 as the diagnostic cut-off value, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy rate were 71.3%, 69.0%, 70.0%, 71.4%, and 70.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The scoring model may improve the differential diagnosis of PC and CP and be useful in clinical practice.
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28
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Liu S, Tang Y, Yan M, Jiang W. PIK3CA mutation sensitizes breast cancer cells to synergistic therapy of PI3K inhibition and AMPK activation. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:763-772. [PMID: 29504069 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has been emerging as a most common threat among women, thus many efforts were made to find drugs for fighting breast cancer. So far, PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitors have been believed to be effective drugs until frequent resistance emerged. Recently, PI3K H1047R mutation has been reported to sensitize breast cancer cells to PI3K inhibition by aspirin. Considering aspirin activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) simultaneously, it is possible that AMPK activators and PI3K inhibitors can synergistically inhibit breast cancers. Here we clearly observed synergistic suppression of cell growth in all three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-361 and HCC38) when co-treating cells with PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and AMPK activator AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide). What is more, it is rather remarkable that the synergistic effect was much more dramatic in PIK3CA (PI3K catalytic subunit alpha) mutated (E545K) cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-361) than in PIK3CA wild-type cells (HCC38), which implied there is a relationship between PI3K genetic status and the efficacy of combination therapy. By using PIK3CA wild-type isogenic MCF-7 cell line, which exhibited attenuated cell proliferation compared with the parental MCF-7 cell line, we found endogenous reverse mutation of PIK3CA E545K alleles to wild-type sequence in MCF-7 cells dramatically impaired the synergy of PI3Ki&Ka (combinatorial PI3K inhibition and AMPK activation). Furthermore, PI3Ki&Ka significantly attenuated tumorigenesis of parental MCF-7 cells but not PIK3CA wild-type isogenic MCF-7 cells in tumor xenograft models. Taken together, our results suggest a promising precision therapy of PI3Ki&Ka in PIK3CA mutant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yunhong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Maomao Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Weixi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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29
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Yang J, Zhou Y, Zhao B. Isolation of circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer patients by immunocytochemical assay. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28523756 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer have the possibilities of getting the cancer again even after resection. The tumor cells identified from blood can be related to different stages of tumor. METHODS In this study, we used an immunoassay to detect circulating tumor cells in blood and bone marrow samples. About 120 patients' blood and bone marrow samples were used in this study along with controls. The presence of tumor cells was evaluated with different stages of cancer classified by UICC. The survival rate at each stages of tumor was also analyzed. RESULTS The tumor cells were isolated both in blood (29%) and bone marrow samples (25%). The prevalence of tumor cells increased with increase in stages of tumor in blood samples. CONCLUSION The survival of the patients considerably related to different stages of tumor but it cannot be taken a parameter alone for the patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
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30
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Cheng H, Liu C, Jiang J, Luo G, Lu Y, Jin K, Guo M, Zhang Z, Xu J, Liu L, Ni Q, Yu X. Analysis of ctDNA to predict prognosis and monitor treatment responses in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2344-2350. [PMID: 28205231 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma has been used as a potential noninvasive biomarker for various tumors. Our study was performed to evaluate the clinical implications of ctDNA detection in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. First, we attempted to prospectively screen a panel of 60 genes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from ten metastatic pancreatic cancer patients via exome sequencing. Second, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to identify potential mutations in a cohort of 188 patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Finally, to preliminary evaluate the potential role of ctDNA in monitoring tumor responses following chemotherapy, we detected the presence of ctDNA in serial plasma samples from 13 metastatic pancreatic cancer patients (Clinical trial: NCT02017015). The analysis revealed five somatic mutations at BRCA2, EGFR, KDR and ERBB2 gene loci. The frequencies of ctDNA mutation at BRCA2, KDR, EGFR, ERBB2 exon17 and ERBB2 exon27 were 11.7%, 13.8%, 13.3%, 13.3% and 6.4% respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the ERBB2 exon17 mutation (p = 0.035, HR = 1.61) as an independent factor associated with overall survival among metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, the rate of coincident detection of ctDNA and response to treatment as assessed by CT imaging was 76.9% (10 of 13 cases), and the presence of ctDNA provided the earliest measure of treatment in 6 of 10 patients (60%). ctDNA sequencing may have clinical value for determining metastatic pancreatic cancer treatment and monitoring the tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Birhanu G, Javar HA, Seyedjafari E, Zandi-Karimi A. Nanotechnology for delivery of gemcitabine to treat pancreatic cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:635-643. [PMID: 28142120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most deadly and quickly fatal human cancers with a 5-year mortality rate close to 100%. Its prognosis is very poor, mainly because of its hostile biological behavior and late onset of symptoms for clinical diagnosis; these bring limitations on therapeutic interventions. Factors contributing for the difficulties in treating PC include: high rate of drug resistance, fast metastasis to different organs, poor prognosis and relapse of the tumor after therapy. After being approved by US FDA 1997, Gemcitabine (Gem) is the first line and the gold standard drug for all stages of advanced PC till now. However, its efficacy is unsatisfactory, mainly due to; its chemical instability and poor cellular uptake, resulting in an extremely short half-life and low bioavailability. To solve this drawbacks and increase the therapeutic outcome important progress has been achieved in the field of nanotechnology and offers a promising and effective alternative. This review mainly focus on the most commonly investigated nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems of Gem for PC treatment and the latest progresses achieved. Novel nanocarriers with better tumor targeting efficiencies and maximum treatment outcome to treat this deadly due are given much attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremariam Birhanu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Zandi-Karimi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Mišík M, Filipic M, Nersesyan A, Mišíková K, Knasmueller S, Kundi M. Analyses of combined effects of cytostatic drugs on micronucleus formation in the Tradescantia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14762-14770. [PMID: 26620864 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments showed that 5-fluorouracil (5FU), cisplatin (CDDP), etoposide (ET), and imatinib mesylate (IM), which are currently among the most widely used anticancer drugs, cause damage of the genetic material in higher plants. The aim of the present study was to determine whether mixtures of these drugs cause synergistic or antagonistic effects which may have an impact on their environmental safety. Therefore, the effects of binary mixtures of these anticancer drugs on the induction of micronuclei (MN) which reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations were assessed in Tradescantia tetrads. Synergistic/antagonistic effects were determined by comparison with single exposures that would be equally effective in a reference model of independent action. This comparison was performed at two distinct effect sizes. We found clear evidence for synergisms in combination experiments with IM and antagonism in a high-dose experiment with ET and 5FU. Our findings indicate that IM increases the genotoxic effects of other anticancer drugs. The maximal effects which we found were in the range between 19 and 38 % in the excess of effect sizes predicted under independent action. These effects may have an impact on the overall genotoxic activities of untreated hospital waste waters but not on the environment in general as the predicted environmental concentrations of the studied drugs are several orders of magnitude lower as the levels which are required to cause induction of MN in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Metka Filipic
- Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarína Mišíková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Kundi
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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Yang Y, Wang JF, Li P. Role of detection of circulating tumor cells in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2838-2843. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i18.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a kind of highly malignant digestive system tumor. The early clinical symptoms of pancreatic cancer are insidious and atypical, so it is difficult to early diagnose pancreatic cancer, and most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is of great clinical significance for improving prognosis. Circulating tumor cells are a group of tumor cells that are present in patient's peripheral blood, which mainly reflects tumor metastasis. However, studies have found that circulating tumor cells may have entered the blood before primary cancer is diagnosed. If circulating tumor cells could be early detected in patient's peripheral blood, this would increase the rate of early diagnosis of the tumor. This paper mainly introduces the detection of circulating tumor cells and its role in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Hawa Z, Haque I, Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Harris L, Banerjee SK. The miRacle in Pancreatic Cancer by miRNAs: Tiny Angels or Devils in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E809. [PMID: 27240340 PMCID: PMC4926343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and high mortality. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment of patients with PDAC. Because of the late presentation of the disease, about 20 percent of patients are candidates for this treatment. The average survival of resected patients is between 12 and 20 months, with a high probability of relapse. Standard chemo and radiation therapies do not offer significant improvement of the survival of these patients. Furthermore, novel treatment options aimed at targeting oncogenes or growth factors in pancreatic cancer have proved unsuccessful. Thereby, identifying new biomarkers that can detect early stages of this disease is of critical importance. Among these biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have supplied a profitable recourse and become an attractive focus of research in PDAC. MiRNAs regulate many genes involved in the development of PDAC through mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. The possibility of intervention in the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs regulation could begin a new generation of PDAC therapies. This review summarizes the reports describing miRNAs involvement in cellular processes involving pancreatic carcinogenesis and their utility in diagnosis, survival and therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair Hawa
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - LaCoiya Harris
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
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Lang M, Wang X, Wang H, Dong J, Lan C, Hao J, Huang C, Li X, Yu M, Yang Y, Yang S, Ren H. Arsenic trioxide plus PX-478 achieves effective treatment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 378:87-96. [PMID: 27212442 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been selected as a promising treatment not only in leukemia but also in solid tumors. Previous studies showed that the cytotoxicity of ATO mainly depends on the induction of reactive oxygen species. However, ATO has only achieved a modest effect in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, suggesting that the existing radical scavenging proteins, such as hypoxia inducible factor-1, attenuate the effect. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of combination treatment of ATO plus PX-478 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitor) and its underlying mechanism. Here, we showed that PX-478 robustly strengthened the anti-growth and pro-apoptosis effect of ATO on Panc-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Meanwhile, in vivo mouse xenograft models also showed the synergistic effect of ATO plus PX-478 compared with any single agent. Further studies showed that the anti-tumor effect of ATO plus PX-478 was derived from the reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis. We next confirmed that Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 cleared reactive oxygen species by its downstream target, forkhead box O transcription factors, and this effect may justify the strategy of ATO plus PX-478 in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Lang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Dong
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chungen Lan
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chongbiao Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Yu
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Tumor Biology and Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - He Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Liu X, Yang X, Zhou G, Chen Y, Li C, Wang X. Gemcitabine-Based Regional Intra-Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3098. [PMID: 26986149 PMCID: PMC4839930 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the prognostic factors in patients who received intra-arterial infusion for advanced pancreatic cancer. In addition, the detailed procedure of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was described. A total of 354 patients with advanced unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were recruited from January 2012, to April 2015, at Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Demographic and clinic characteristics of the patients were extracted from electronic medical records. Restricted cubic spline was used to assess the nonliner regression between baseline CA19-9 value and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between overall survival and clinical characteristics. Of all 354 included patients, 230 (65%) were male (male/female ratio = 1.8), and 72 (20%) patients were diagnosed with detectable distant metastases. Pretreatment CA19-9 value of patients with metastases was significantly higher as compared to those with locally advanced cancer (median: 922.30 vs 357.00 U/mL, P = 0.0090). Totally 274 patients completed 1 cycle of intra-arterial infusion, whereas 80 patients received 2 or more cycles of the chemotherapy. For all the 354 patients, median OS was 7.0 months (95% CI: 6.0, 8.0 months) with a 6-, 12-, and 18-month survival rate of 0.48, 0.28, and 0.18, respectively. The median OS of patients, who received 1 cycle of intra-arterial infusion therapy, was 6.0 months (95% CI: 5.0, 8.0 months), which was similar to 7.0 months (95% CI: 6.0, 9.0 months) in patients who received 2 or more cycles. Restricted cubic spline revealed the nonline association between baseline CA19-9 and prognosis. The Cox proportional hazard model showed that age, CA19-9 baseline, CA19-9 value, and tumor location were significantly associated with the OS. In conclusion, the gemcitabine-based RIAC presented a potential treatment method for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Young age, pretreatment CA19-9 value <1000 U/mL, and tumor located at the head of pancreas indicated better response to the regional intra-arterial chemotherapy and better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging (XYL, GFZ, YC, CYL, XLW); Department of Interventional Radiology (XYL, GFZ, YC, CYL, XLW), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; and Department of Radiology (XRY), Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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The CaSm (LSm1) oncogene promotes transformation, chemoresistance and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e182. [PMID: 26751936 PMCID: PMC4728675 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer-associated Sm-like (CaSm) oncogene is overexpressed in 87% of human pancreatic tumor samples and CaSm knockdown has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in murine models of pancreatic cancer. Evidence indicates that CaSm modulates messenger RNA degradation; however, its target genes and the mechanisms by which CaSm promotes pancreatic cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the CaSm overexpression alters several hallmarks of cancer—including transformation, proliferation, chemoresistance and metastasis. Doxycycline-induced CaSm expression enhanced proliferation and both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of the human Panc-1 cells in vitro. CaSm induction decreased gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity and altered the expression of apoptotic regulation genes, including Bad, E2F1 and Bcl-XL. CaSm-overexpressing Panc-1 cells were twofold more migratory and fourfold more invasive than the driver controls and demonstrated characteristics of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition such as morphological changes and decreased E-cadherin expression. CaSm induction resulted in changes in RNA expression of metastasis-associated genes such as MMP1, SerpinB5, uPAR and Slug. Using a murine model of metastatic pancreatic cancer, injection of CaSm-induced Panc-1 cells resulted in a higher abundance of hepatic metastatic lesions. Overall, CaSm overexpression contributed to a more aggressive cancer phenotype in Panc-1 cells, further supporting the use of CaSm as a therapeutic target against pancreatic cancer.
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Norouzi S, Norouzi M, Amini M, Amanzadeh A, Nabiuni M, Irian S, Salimi M. Two COX-2 inhibitors induce apoptosis in human erythroleukemia K562cells by modulating NF-κB and FHC pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:1. [PMID: 26739353 PMCID: PMC4704250 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Leukemia is distinguished by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes. Although there has been some progress in developing novel cancer therapies, no significant improvement was observed in the overall survival rate over the last decade. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are known to inhibit tumor growth by exerting antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects through inhibition of COX –dependent and independent pathways. The ability of two new triaryl-oxadiazole derivatives, compounds A (3-(4-chlorophenyl) -5-(4-flurophenyl)-4-Phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole) and B (3,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4-Phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole), to induce apoptosis in human erythroleukemia K562 cells was evaluated and the upstream mechanism was investigated. Methods K562 cells were treated with compounds A and B at their IC50 concentrations and analyzed by DAPI staining and Annexin-V-FLUOS labelling solution. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation was evaluated by TransAM kit. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, ferritin heavy chain (FHC), extra cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK and early growth response protein-1 (Egr1) levels were determined using Western blotting, while c-Myc mRNA level was investigated by RT-PCR. Results Changes in nuclear morphology and the increased annexin-V/PI staining revealed the apoptotic cell death in compounds A- and B-treated K562 cells. A significant reduction in NF-κB activity as well as FHC and p-ERK levels were detected in these cells. No change was observed in the levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, COX-2, c-Myc and Egr1, following treatment with the two compounds. Collectively, compounds A and B potentiate apoptosis as shown by DAPI staining, flowcytometry, FHC and p-ERK downregulation and NF-κB inactivation. Conclusion Two compounds induce apoptosis in a COX-2-independent manner which also appears to be independent from mitochondria, caspase and c-Myc/Egr1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Norouzi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, P.O. Box 1481765544, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Norouzi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, P.O. Box 1481765544, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Nabiuni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, P.O. Box 1481765544, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, P.O. Box 1481765544, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Salimi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13164, Tehran, Iran.
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Cao J, Yang J, Ramachandran V, Arumugam T, Deng D, Li Z, Xu L, Logsdon CD. TM4SF1 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144969. [PMID: 26709920 PMCID: PMC4692438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TM4SF1 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and affects the development of this cancer. Also, multidrug resistance (MDR) is generally associated with tumor chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. However, the correlation between TM4SF1 and MDR remains unknown. This research aims to investigate the effect of TM4SF1 on gemcitabine resistance in PDAC and explore the possible molecular mechanism between TM4SF1 and MDR. Methods The expression of TM4SF1 was evaluated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and human pancreatic duct epithelial (HPDE) cell lines by quantitative RT-PCR. TM4SF1 siRNA transfection was carried out using Hiperfect transfection reagent to knock down TM4SF1. The transcripts were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, RT-PCR and western blotting for further study. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were obtained to investigate the sensitivity to gemcitabine of pancreatic cancer cells after silencing TM4SF1 in vitro. We demonstrated that cell signaling of TM4SF1 mediated chemoresistance in cancer cells by assessing the expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes using quantitative RT-PCR. In vivo, we used orthotopic pancreatic tumor models to investigate the effect of proliferation after silencing TM4SF1 by a lentivirus-mediated shRNA in MIA PaCa-2 cell lines. Results The mRNA expression of TM4SF1 was higher in seven pancreatic cancer cell lines than in HPDE cell lines. In three gemcitabine-sensitive cell lines (L3.6pl, BxPC-3, SU86.86), the expression of TM4SF1 was lower than that in four gemcitabine-resistant cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, Hs766T, AsPC-1). We evaluated that TM4SF1 was a putative target for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Using AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1, we investigated that TM4SF1 silencing affected cell proliferation and increased the percentages of cell apoptosis mediated by treatment with gemcitabine compared with cells which were treated with negative control. This resistance was associated with the expression of multidrug resistance genes including ABCB1 and ABCC1. In vivo, silencing of TM4SF1 in MIA PaCa-2 cell lines increased the effectiveness of gemcitabine-based treatment in orthotopic pancreatic tumor models evaluated using noninvasive bioluminescent imaging. Conclusion These findings suggest that TM4SF1 is a surface membrane antigen that is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and increases the chemoresistance to gemcitabine. Thus, TM4SF1 may be a promising target to overcome the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/biosynthesis
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiachun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Vijaya Ramachandran
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America
| | - Thiruvengadam Arumugam
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America
| | - Defeng Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Leiming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- * E-mail: (LMX); (CDL)
| | - Craig D. Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LMX); (CDL)
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Cao C, Kuang M, Xu W, Zhang X, Chen J, Tang C. Gemcitabine plus S-1: a hopeful frontline treatment for Asian patients with unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:1122-30. [PMID: 26518328 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is widely used for unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer which contains locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. We performed meta-analysis to examine whether gemcitabine plus S-1 could improve treatment efficacy as first-line chemotherapy for those patients when compared with gemcitabine alone. METHODS STATA was used to estimate the summary hazard ratios or odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity among trials was examined by Cochran's χ(2) test. Publication bias was evaluated by Begg's and Egger's tests. Subgroup analysis based on the extent of disease was performed. RESULTS Four randomized controlled trials including 878 Asian patients were analyzed. In total meta-analysis, gemcitabine plus S-1 significantly improved overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.96; P = 0.015), progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.74; P < 0.001), overall response rate (odds ratio, 3.00; 95% confidence interval, 2.04-4.41; P < 0.001) and disease control rate (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 2.39; P < 0.001), and was associated with more but manageable hematologic (leukocytopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) and non-hematologic (diarrhea, stomatitis, nausea, rash) adverse events. In subgroup analysis, gemcitabine plus S-1, comparing with gemcitabine, significantly improved overall survival in locally advanced patients (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.99; P = 0.022) but not in metastatic patients (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-1.23; P = 0.256). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis confirmed the survival benefits of gemcitabine plus S-1 as first-line treatment for unresectable advanced pancreatic cancer at least in Asia, while good Eastern Cooperative Oncology group performance status was warranted. Importantly, we highlighted the significant overall survival benefit of gemcitabine plus S-1 in locally advanced patients but not in metastatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Cao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Meng Kuang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Xunlei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
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Luo G, Lu Y, Jin K, Cheng H, Guo M, Liu Z, Long J, Liu C, Ni Q, Yu X. Pancreatic cancer: BRCA mutation and personalized treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:1223-31. [PMID: 26402249 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1086271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The highly heterozygous nature of pancreatic cancer is partially responsible for its therapeutic ineffectiveness and resistance. Therefore, the ability to identify subgroups of pancreatic cancer with unique biological characteristics and treatment response is urgently needed. In addition to breast and ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer is the third most common cancer type that is related to the early onset (BRCA) gene mutation in breast cancer. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that BRCA1/2-mutant breast and ovarian cancers are highly sensitive to DNA damage-related treatment, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum-based agents. Preliminary evidence also showed promising results for DNA damage-related treatment in BRCA1/2-mutant pancreatic cancer. Importantly, several prospective clinical trials of PARPi-based regimens are underway for BRCA1/2-mutated pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer with a BRCA1/2 mutation is a small subgroup with a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Tu C, Zheng F, Wang JY, Li YY, Qian KQ. An Updated Meta-analysis and System Review:is Gemcitabine+Fluoropyrimidine in Combination a Better Therapy Versus Gemcitabine Alone for Advanced and Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:5681-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Liu C, Chen R, Chen Y, Fu D, Hong D, Hao J, Liu D, Li J, Li S, Li Y, Mai G, Mou Y, Ni Q, Peng L, Qian H, Qin R, Sun B, Shao C, Sun Y, Tian B, Wang J, Wang W, Wang W, Zhao G, Yu X. Should a standard lymphadenectomy during pancreatoduodenectomy exclude para-aortic lymph nodes for all cases of resectable pancreatic head cancer? A consensus statement by the Chinese Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (CSPAC). Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1512-6. [PMID: 26314752 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and formulating an appropriate strategy for the para-aortic lymph nodes (LN16) during curative surgery for pancreatic head cancer have been controversial for some time. This study intended to provide a recommendation for surgeons to perform an optimal curative surgery on pancreatic cancer patients with or without LN16 involvement. Based on an updated literature search and review, the members of the Chinese Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (CSPAC) from high-volume centers reached a consensus on the issue of LN16 in pancreatic head cancer. Metastasis to LN16 is quite common in pancreatic head cancer cases. Depending on the location of the tumor, including the ventral and dorsal pancreas, there could be various lymph node drainage pathways whereby LN16 does not necessarily belong to the Group 3 lymph node stations for all cases of pancreatic head cancer. Although LN16 involvement generally indicates a poor prognosis, some cohorts of LN16-involved cases have benefited from a curative surgery, and there is still a lack of level I evidence to convince surgeons to abandon all resectable cases with LN16 positivity. Resection of LN16 combined with a standard lymphadenectomy during pancreatoduodenectomy is recommended by CSPAC, except in patients with both positive LN16 and criteria based on: i) the resectability status of primary tumor; ii) the extent of involved para-aortic lymph nodes; and iii) the serum tumor burden assessed preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rufu Chen
- Department of Pancreaticobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingtai Chen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Deliang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Defei Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of General Surgery of Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yixiong Li
- Department of Pancreatic-Bililary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Mai
- Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Deyang, Deyang, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Mou
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Qian
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Chenghao Shao
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yongwei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bole Tian
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- The Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Fu Q, Lv P, Chen Z, Ni D, Zhang L, Yue H, Yue Z, Wei W, Ma G. Programmed co-delivery of paclitaxel and doxorubicin boosted by camouflaging with erythrocyte membrane. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4020-30. [PMID: 25653083 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy has been proven promising for cancer treatment, but unsatisfactory therapeutic data and increased side effects slow down the development in the clinic. In this study, we develop an effective approach to co-encapsulate a hydrophilic-hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drug pair (paclitaxel and doxorubicin) into magnetic O-carboxymethyl-chitosan nanoparticles. To endow them with the ability of programmed delivery, these carriers are further camouflaged with an Arg-Gly-Asp anchored erythrocyte membrane. Compared with the traditional polyethylene glycol coating method, this biomimetic decoration strategy is demonstrated to be superior in prolonging circulation time, improving tumor accumulation, facilitating tumor uptake, and tuning intracellular fate. These outstanding properties enable the as-designed nanodevice to exhibit greater tumor growth inhibition ability and much lower side effects than the combined use of commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Liu ZQ, Xiao ZW, Luo GP, Liu L, Liu C, Xu J, Long J, Ni QX, Yu XJ. Effect of the number of positive lymph nodes and lymph node ratio on prognosis of patients after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2014; 13:634-41. [PMID: 25475867 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic factors related to lymph node involvement [lymph node status, the number of positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR)] and the number of nodes evaluated in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy are poorly defined. METHODS A total of 167 patients who had undergone resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma from February 2010 to August 2011 were included in this study. Histological examination was performed to evaluate the tumor differentiation and lymph node involvement. Univariate and multivariate analyses were made to determine the relationship between the variables related to nodal involvement and the number of nodes and survival. RESULTS The median number of total nodes examined was 10 (range 0-44) for the entire cohort. The median number of total nodes examined in node-negative (pN0) patients was similar to that in node-positive (pN1) patients. Patients with pN1 diseases had significantly worse survival than those with pN0 ones (P=0.000). Patients with three or more positive nodes had a poorer prognosis compared with those with the negative nodes (P=0.000). The prognosis of the patients with negative nodes was similar to that of those with one to two positive nodes (P=0.114). The median survival of patients with an LNR ≥0.4 was shorter than that of patients with an LNR <0.4 in the pN1 cohort (P=0.014). No significance was found between the number of total nodes examined and the prognosis, regardless of the cutoff of 10 or 12 and in the entire cohort or the pN0 and pN1 groups. Based on the multivariate analysis of the entire cohort and the pN1 group, the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR were all associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR can serve as comprehensive factors for the evaluation of nodal involvement. This approach may be more effective for predicting the survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Qiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Parrella A, Kundi M, Lavorgna M, Criscuolo E, Russo C, Isidori M. Toxicity of exposure to binary mixtures of four anti-neoplastic drugs in Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 157:41-6. [PMID: 25456218 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs, interfering with DNA in every living organism, may pose a threat to aquatic environment, even more when they occur as complex mixtures. We investigated the combined long term toxic potential of four anti-neoplastic drugs (5-fluorouracil [5-FU], cisplatin [CDDP], etoposide [ET] and imatinib mesylate [IM]) testing their binary mixtures on two primary consumers of the freshwater aquatic chain with close phylogenetic relationship: Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia. The combined toxicities were assessed using two distinct effect sizes that should be observed if Bliss independence holds. Direct statistical comparison by analysis of variance of single and combined toxicities under the assumption of Bliss independence allowed to accept or reject the independency hypothesis. Independency was confirmed for all mixtures both in D. magna and in C. dubia, except for IM+ ET and IM+CDDP in D. magna and for ET+CDDP and ET+5-FU in C. dubia which at the highest concentrations showed an antagonistic interaction. A synergic tendency was found testing IM+CDDP on C. dubia at the lowest concentration selected. Thus, the chronic ecotoxicological data evaluated in this study show not only a potential environmental risk of anticancer drugs, especially considering their potential synergistic effects, but also the necessity to integrate statistical models with experimental data to establish the real environmental impact of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Parrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Emma Criscuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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47
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Jiang JH, Liu C, Cheng H, Lu Y, Qin Y, Xu YF, Xu J, Long J, Liu L, Ni QX, Yu XJ. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer: Is it a clinically significant factor? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1855:43-9. [PMID: 25432020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies. This aggressiveness is partly attributable to extensive local tumor invasion and early systemic dissemination as well as resistance to chemotherapy. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays fundamental roles in embryonic development and in the differentiation of normal tissues and organs. EMT also plays critical roles in tumor formation, dissemination and drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Emerging data suggest that inhibiting EMT may reverse the EMT phenotype and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents against pancreatic cancer cells. Thus, an understanding of the molecular biology of EMT in pancreatic cancer may provide insights into the mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastatic progression and facilitate the development of alternative therapeutic approaches to improve the treatment outcomes for patients suffering from pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yong-Feng Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Quan-Xing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Parrella A, Lavorgna M, Criscuolo E, Russo C, Fiumano V, Isidori M. Acute and chronic toxicity of six anticancer drugs on rotifers and crustaceans. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 115:59-66. [PMID: 24512989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of cytostatic drugs is gaining relevance as an environmental concern. Environmental and distribution studies are increasing due to the development of accurate analytical methods, whereas ecotoxicological studies are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of six cytostatics (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, and imatinib) belonging to five classes of Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC) on primary consumers of the aquatic chain (Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Brachionus calyciflorus, and Thamnocephalus platyurus). Acute ecotoxicological effects occurred at concentrations in the order of mgL(-)(1), higher than those predicted in the environment, and the most acutely toxic drugs among those tested were cisplatin and doxorubicin for most aquatic organisms. For chronic toxicity, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil showed the highest toxic potential in all test organisms, inducing 50% reproduction inhibition in crustaceans at concentrations on the order of μgL(-)(1). Rotifers were less susceptible to these pharmaceuticals. On the basis of chronic results, the low effective concentrations suggest a potential environmental risk of cytostatics. Thus, this study could be an important starting point for establishing the real environmental impact of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Parrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Emma Criscuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fiumano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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49
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c-Rel is a critical mediator of NF-κB-dependent TRAIL resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1455. [PMID: 25299780 PMCID: PMC4237244 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents one of the deadliest malignancies with an overall life expectancy of 6 months despite current therapies. NF-κB signalling has been shown to be critical for this profound cell-autonomous resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs and death receptor-induced apoptosis, but little is known about the role of the c-Rel subunit in solid cancer and PDAC apoptosis control. In the present study, by analysis of genome-wide patterns of c-Rel-dependent gene expression, we were able to establish c-Rel as a critical regulator of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in PDAC. TRAIL-resistant cells exhibited a strong TRAIL-inducible NF-κB activity, whereas TRAIL-sensitive cells displayed only a small increase in NF-κB-binding activity. Transfection with siRNA against c-Rel sensitized the TRAIL-resistant cells in a manner comparable to siRNA targeting the p65/RelA subunit. Gel-shift analysis revealed that c-Rel is part of the TRAIL-inducible NF-κB complex in PDAC. Array analysis identified NFATc2 as a c-Rel target gene among the 12 strongest TRAIL-inducible genes in apoptosis-resistant cells. In line, siRNA targeting c-Rel strongly reduced TRAIL-induced NFATc2 activity in TRAIL-resistant PDAC cells. Furthermore, siRNA targeting NFATc2 sensitized these PDAC cells against TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Finally, TRAIL-induced expression of COX-2 was diminished through siRNA targeting c-Rel or NFATc2 and pharmacologic inhibition of COX-2 with celecoxib or siRNA targeting COX-2, enhanced TRAIL apoptosis. In conclusion, we were able to delineate a novel c-Rel-, NFATc2- and COX-2-dependent antiapoptotic signalling pathway in PDAC with broad clinical implications for pharmaceutical intervention strategies.
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50
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Okamoto M, Fujiwara M, Hori M, Okada K, Yazama F, Konishi H, Xiao Y, Qi G, Shimamoto F, Ota T, Temme A, Tatsuka M. tRNA modifying enzymes, NSUN2 and METTL1, determine sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in HeLa cells. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004639. [PMID: 25233213 PMCID: PMC4169382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonessential tRNA modifications by methyltransferases are evolutionarily conserved and have been reported to stabilize mature tRNA molecules and prevent rapid tRNA decay (RTD). The tRNA modifying enzymes, NSUN2 and METTL1, are mammalian orthologs of yeast Trm4 and Trm8, which are required for protecting tRNA against RTD. A simultaneous overexpression of NSUN2 and METTL1 is widely observed among human cancers suggesting that targeting of both proteins provides a novel powerful strategy for cancer chemotherapy. Here, we show that combined knockdown of NSUN2 and METTL1 in HeLa cells drastically potentiate sensitivity of cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) whereas heat stress of cells revealed no effects. Since NSUN2 and METTL1 are phosphorylated by Aurora-B and Akt, respectively, and their tRNA modifying activities are suppressed by phosphorylation, overexpression of constitutively dephosphorylated forms of both methyltransferases is able to suppress 5-FU sensitivity. Thus, NSUN2 and METTL1 are implicated in 5-FU sensitivity in HeLa cells. Interfering with methylation of tRNAs might provide a promising rationale to improve 5-FU chemotherapy of cancer. The cellular mechanisms for sensing and responding to stress on nucleic acid metabolism or to genotoxic stress are the fundamental and ancient evolutionary biological activities with conserved and diverse biological functions. In yeast, hypomodified mature tRNA species are rapidly decayed under heat stress by the RTD pathway. Yet, it has been shown that tRNA-specific methyltransferases Trm4 and Trm8 protect from tRNA decay. 5-FU, a pyrimidine analog used for cancer treatment, is generally known to act as a thymidylate synthase inhibitor although other ways for the mechanisms of action are suggested. We studied NSUN2 and METTL1, the human orthologs of Trm4 and Trm8 in yeast, and demonstrated that these RTD-related tRNA modifying enzymes are involved in 5-FU sensitivity in cervical cancer HeLa cells. We conclude that the evolutionarily conserved regulation of tRNA modifications is a potential mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Okamoto
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujiwara
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Hori
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Okada
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Futoshi Yazama
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yegui Xiao
- Department of Management Information Systems, Faculty of Management and Information System, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahide Ota
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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