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Zhang G, Duan G, Yang Z, Deng X, Han L, Zhu M, Jia X, Li L. Fractionated irradiation promotes radioresistance and decreases oxidative stress by increasing Nrf2 of ALDH-positive nasopharyngeal cancer stem cells. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:5793-5801. [PMID: 39359823 PMCID: PMC11444553 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely regarded as the primary therapeutic modality for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Studies have shown that cancer cells with high resistance to radiation, known as radioresistant cancer cells, may cause residual illness, which in turn might contribute to the occurrence of cancer recurrence and metastasis. It has been shown that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) exhibit resistance to radiation therapy. In the present study, fractionated doses of radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ALDH+ CSCs phenotype of NPC tumor spheroids. Furthermore, it has been shown that cells with elevated ALDH activity have increased resistance to the effects of fractionated irradiation. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular antioxidant systems. A large body of evidence suggests that Nrf2 plays a significant role in the development of radioresistance in cancer. The authors' research revealed that the application of fractionated irradiation resulted in a decline in Nrf2-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thereby mitigating DNA damage in ALDH+ stem-like NPC cells. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that subsequent to the process of fractionated irradiation of ALDH+ cells, activated Nrf2 was predominantly localized inside the nucleus. Immunofluorescent analysis also revealed that the presence of the nuclear Nrf2+/NQO1+/ALDH1+ axis might potentially serve as an indicator of poor prognosis and resistance to radiotherapy in patients with NPC. Thus, the authors' findings strongly suggest that the radioresistance of ALDH-positive NPC CSCs to fractionated irradiation is regulated by nuclear Nrf2 accumulation. Nrf2 exerts its effects through the downstream effector NQO1/ALDH1, which depends on ROS attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy of the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi
| | - Guosheng Duan
- Department of Radiotherapy of the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy of the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi
| | - Xubin Deng
- Department of Oncology of the Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luwei Han
- Department of Radiotherapy of the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy of the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi
| | - Xiaorong Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy of the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiotherapy of the Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi
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2
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Tosi A, Parisatto B, Gaffo E, Bortoluzzi S, Rosato A. A paclitaxel-hyaluronan conjugate (ONCOFID-P-B™) in patients with BCG-unresponsive carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a dynamic assessment of the tumor microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:109. [PMID: 38600583 PMCID: PMC11005197 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intravesical instillation of the paclitaxel-hyaluronan conjugate ONCOFID-P-B™ in patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS; NCT04798703 phase I study), induced 75 and 40% of complete response (CR) after 12 weeks of intensive phase and 12 months of maintenance phase, respectively. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ONCOFID-P-B™-treated BCG-unresponsive bladder CIS patients enrolled in the NCT04798703 phase I study, in order to identify predictive biomarkers of response. METHODS The composition and spatial interactions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the expression of the most relevant hyaluronic acid (HA) receptors on cancer cells, were analyzed in biopsies from the 20 patients enrolled in the NCT04798703 phase I study collected before starting ONCOFID-P-B™ therapy (baseline), and after the intensive and the maintenance phases. Clinical data were correlated with cell densities, cell distribution and cell interactions. Associations between immune populations or HA receptors expression and outcome were analyzed using univariate Cox regression and log-rank analysis. RESULTS In baseline biopsies, patients achieving CR after the intensive phase had a lower density of intra-tumoral CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), but also fewer interactions between CTL and macrophages or T-regulatory cells, as compared to non-responders (NR). NR expressed higher levels of the HA receptors CD44v6, ICAM-1 and RHAMM. The intra-tumoral macrophage density was positively correlated with the expression of the pro-metastatic and aggressive variant CD44v6, and the combined score of intra-tumoral macrophage density and CD44v6 expression had an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.68-1.00) for patient response prediction. CONCLUSIONS The clinical response to ONCOFID-P-B™ in bladder CIS likely relies on several components of the TME, and the combined evaluation of intra-tumoral macrophages density and CD44v6 expression is a potentially new predictive biomarker for patient response. Overall, our data allow to advance a potential rationale for combinatorial treatments targeting the immune infiltrate such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, to make bladder CIS more responsive to ONCOFID-P-B™ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tosi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Parisatto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Gaffo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy.
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3
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Zaib S, Areeba, Khan I. Purinergic Signaling and its Role in the Stem Cell Differentiation. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:863-883. [PMID: 37828668 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575261206231003151416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a mechanism in which extracellular purines and pyrimidines interact with specialized cell surface receptors known as purinergic receptors. These receptors are divided into two families of P1 and P2 receptors, each responding to different nucleosides and nucleotides. P1 receptors are activated by adenosine, while P2 receptors are activated by pyrimidine and purines. P2X receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, including seven subunits (P2X1-7). However, P2Y receptors are the G-protein coupled receptors comprising eight subtypes (P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). The disorder in purinergic signaling leads to various health-related issues and diseases. In various aspects, it influences the activity of non-neuronal cells and neurons. The molecular mechanism of purinergic signaling provides insight into treating various human diseases. On the contrary, stem cells have been investigated for therapeutic applications. Purinergic signaling has shown promising effect in stem cell engraftment. The immune system promotes the autocrine and paracrine mechanisms and releases the significant factors essential for successful stem cell therapy. Each subtype of purinergic receptor exerts a beneficial effect on the damaged tissue. The most common effect caused by purinergic signaling is the proliferation and differentiation that treat different health-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Areeba
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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4
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Brisset M, Mehlen P, Meurette O, Hollande F. Notch receptor/ligand diversity: contribution to colorectal cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231416. [PMID: 37860822 PMCID: PMC10582728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure and post-treatment recurrence. Targeting cell subpopulations responsible for chemoresistance and recurrence seems to be an attractive approach to improve treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, this remains challenging due to the complexity and incomplete characterization of tumor cell subpopulations. The heterogeneity of cells exhibiting stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance, fuels this complexity. Notch signaling is a known regulator of cancer stem cell (CSC) features in colorectal cancer (CRC), though the effects of its heterogenous signaling on CRC cell stemness are only just emerging. In this review, we discuss how Notch ligand-receptor specificity contributes to regulating stemness, self-renewal, chemoresistance and cancer stem cells heterogeneity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Kaur J, Dora S. Purinergic signaling: Diverse effects and therapeutic potential in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1058371. [PMID: 36741002 PMCID: PMC9889871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1058371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of improved biological insights and therapeutic advances, cancer is consuming multiple lives worldwide. Cancer is a complex disease with diverse cellular, metabolic, and physiological parameters as its hallmarks. This instigates a need to uncover the latest therapeutic targets to advance the treatment of cancer patients. Purines are building blocks of nucleic acids but also function as metabolic intermediates and messengers, as part of a signaling pathway known as purinergic signaling. Purinergic signaling comprises primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine (ADO), their analogous membrane receptors, and a set of ectonucleotidases, and has both short- and long-term (trophic) effects. Cells release ATP and ADO to modulate cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating membrane-localized purinergic receptors (purinoceptors, P1 and P2). P1 receptors are selective for ADO and have four recognized subtypes-A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Purines and pyrimidines activate P2 receptors, and the P2X subtype is ligand-gated ion channel receptors. P2X has seven subtypes (P2X1-7) and forms homo- and heterotrimers. The P2Y subtype is a G protein-coupled receptor with eight subtypes (P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). ATP, its derivatives, and purinoceptors are widely distributed in all cell types for cellular communication, and any imbalance compromises the homeostasis of the cell. Neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and secretion employ fast purinergic signaling, while trophic purinergic signaling regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, and immune response during tumor progression. Thus, purinergic signaling is a prospective therapeutic target in cancer and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanchit Dora
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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6
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M2 tumor-associated macrophage mediates the maintenance of stemness to promote cisplatin resistance by secreting TGF-β1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:26. [PMID: 36641471 PMCID: PMC9840838 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly gastrointestinal malignancy, and chemotherapy resistance is a key factor leading to its poor prognosis. M2 tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) may be an important cause of chemoresistance in ESCC, but its exact mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In order to study the role of M2-TAMs in ESCC chemoresistance, CCK-8, clone formation assay, flow cytometric apoptosis assay, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and serum-free sphere formation assays were used. In vivo animal experiments and human ESCC tissues were used to confirm the findings. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo animal experiments, M2-TAMs reduced the sensitivity of ESCC cells to cisplatin. Mechanistically, M2-TAMs highly secreted TGF-β1 which activated the TGFβR1-smad2/3 pathway to promote and maintain the stemness characteristic of ESCC cells, which could inhibit the sensitivity to cisplatin. Using TGFβ signaling inhibitor SB431542 or knockdown of TGFβR1 could reverse the cisplatin resistance of ESCC cells. In 92 cases of human ESCC tissues, individuals with a high density of M2-TAMs had considerably higher levels of TGF-β1. These patients also had worse prognoses and richer stemness markers. CONCLUSION TGF-β1 secreted from M2-TAMs promoted and maintained the stemness characteristic to induce cisplatin resistance in ESCC by activating the TGFβ1-Smad2/3 pathway.
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7
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Zhao Y, Zhu W, Chen H, Yan K, Wu J, Huang Q. Glioma stem cells and their microenvironment: A narrative review on docking and transformation. GLIOMA 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Pereira C, Park JH, Campelos S, Gullo I, Lemos C, Solorzano L, Martins D, Gonçalves G, Leitão D, Lee HJ, Kong SH, André A, Borges C, Almeida D, Wälbhy C, Almeida R, Kim WH, Carneiro F, Yang HK, Almeida GM, Oliveira C. Comparison of East-Asia and West-Europe cohorts explains disparities in survival outcomes and highlights predictive biomarkers of early gastric cancer aggressiveness. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:868-880. [PMID: 34751446 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection with lymphadenectomy and peri-operative chemotherapy is the universal mainstay for curative treatment of gastric cancer (GC) patients with loco-regional disease. However, GC survival remains asymmetric in West- and East-world regions. We hypothesize this asymmetry derives from differential clinical management. Therefore, we collected chemo-naïve GC patients from Portugal and South-Korea to explore specific immunophenotypic profiles related to disease aggressiveness, and clinicopathological factors potentially explaining associated overall survival (OS) differences. Clinicopathological and survival data were collected from chemo-naïve surgical cohorts from Portugal (West-Europe cohort (WE-C); n=170) and South-Korea (East-Asia cohort (EA-C); n=367), and correlated with immunohistochemical expression profiles of E-cadherin and CD44v6 obtained from consecutive tissue microarrays sections. Survival analysis revealed a subset of 12.4% of WE-C patients, whose tumors concomitantly express E-cadherin_abnormal and CD44v6_very-high, displaying extremely poor OS, even at TNM stages I and II. These WE-C stages I and II patients were particularly aggressive compared to all other, invading deeper into the gastric wall (p=0.032) and more often permeating the vasculature (p=0.018) and nerves (p=0.009). A similar immunophenotypic profile was found in 11.9% of EA-C patients, but unrelated to survival. Stage I and II EA-C patients displaying both biomarkers also permeated more lymphatic vessels (p=0.003), promoting lymph node (LN) metastasis (p=0.019), being diagnosed on average 8-years earlier and submitted to more extensive LN dissection than WE-C. Concomitant E-cadherin_abnormal/CD44v6_very-high expression predicts aggressiveness and poor survival of stage I and II GC submitted to conservative lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sofia Campelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Gullo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,UniGENe, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leslie Solorzano
- Center for Image Analysis, Dept. of IT and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, SE-751 05, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diana Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, ESTESC- Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3046-854, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilza Gonçalves
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Leitão
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ana André
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Borges
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Almeida
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Wälbhy
- Center for Image Analysis, Dept. of IT and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, SE-751 05, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gabriela M Almeida
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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9
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A reciprocal feedback loop between HIF-1α and HPIP controls phenotypic plasticity in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 526:12-28. [PMID: 34767928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While phenotypic plasticity is a critical factor contributing to tumor heterogeneity, molecular mechanisms underlying this process are largely unknown. Here we report that breast cancer cells display phenotypic diversity in response to hypoxia or normoxia microenvironments by operating a reciprocal positive feedback regulation of HPIP and HIF-1α. We show that under hypoxia, HIF-1α induces HPIP expression that establishes cell survival, and also promotes cell migration/invasion, EMT and metastatic phenotypes in breast cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that HPIP interacts with SRP14, a component of signal recognition particle, and stimulates MMP9 synthesis under hypoxic stress. Whereas, in normoxia, HPIP stabilizes HIF-1α, causing the Warburg effect to support cell growth. Concurrently, mathematical modelling corroborates this reciprocal feedback loop in enabling cell-state transitions in cancer cells. Clinical data indicate that elevated levels of HPIP and HIF-1α correlate with unfavorable prognosis and shorter survival rates in breast cancer subjects. Together, this data shows a reciprocal positive feedback loop between HPIP and HIF-1α that was unknown hitherto. It unveils how the tumor microenvironment influences phenotypic plasticity that has an impact on tumor growth and metastasis and, further signifies considering this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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10
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Targeting glioblastoma stem cells: The first step of photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102585. [PMID: 34687963 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant types of brain cancer. Evidence suggests that within gliomas there is a small subpopulation of cells with the capacity for self-renewal, called glioma stem cells. These cells could be responsible for tumorigenesis, chemo and radioresistance, and finally for the recurrence of the tumor. Fluorescence-guided resection have improved the results of treatment against this disease, prolonging the survival of patients by a few months. Also, clinical trials have reported potential improvements in the therapeutic response after photodynamic therapy. Thus far, there are few published works that show the response of glioblastoma stem-like cells to photodynamic therapy. Here, we present a brief review exclusively commenting on the therapeutic approaches to eliminate glioblastoma stem cells and on the research publications about this topic of glioblastoma stem cells in relation to photodynamic therapy. It is our hope that this review will be useful to provide an overview about what is known to date on the topic and to promote the generation of new ideas for the eradication of glioblastoma stem cells by photodynamic treatment.
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11
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Mal A, Bukhari AB, Singh RK, Kapoor A, Barai A, Deshpande I, Wadasadawala T, Ray P, Sen S, De A. EpCAM-Mediated Cellular Plasticity Promotes Radiation Resistance and Metastasis in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:597673. [PMID: 33490064 PMCID: PMC7815650 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.597673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial number of breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) develop local recurrence over time. During RT therapy, cells can gradually acquire resistance implying adaptive radioresistance. Here we probe the mechanisms underlying this acquired resistance by first establishing radioresistant lines using ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 BC cells through repeated exposure to sub-lethal fractionated dose of 2Gy up to 15 fractions. Radioresistance was found to be associated with increased cancer stem cells (CSCs), and elevated EpCAM expression in the cell population. A retrospective analysis of TCGA dataset indicated positive correlation of high EpCAM expression with poor response to RT. Intriguingly, elevated EpCAM expression in the radioresistant CSCs raise the bigger question of how this biomarker expression contributes during radiation treatment in BC. Thereafter, we establish EpCAM overexpressing ZR-75-1 cells (ZR-75-1EpCAM), which conferred radioresistance, increased stemness through enhanced AKT activation and induced a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype with enhanced contractility and invasiveness. In line with these observations, orthotopic implantation of ZR-75-1EpCAM cells exhibited faster growth, lesser sensitivity to radiation therapy and increased lung metastasis than baseline ZR-75-1 cells in mice. In summary, this study shows that similar to radioresistant BC cells, EpCAM overexpressing cells show high degree of plasticity and heterogeneity which ultimately induces radioresistant and metastatic behavior of cancer cells, thus aggravating the disease condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mal
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Life Science, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Amirali B Bukhari
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ram K Singh
- Imaging Cell Signaling & Therapeutics Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amlan Barai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Ishan Deshpande
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - Pritha Ray
- Life Science, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Imaging Cell Signaling & Therapeutics Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Life Science, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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12
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Xu XT, Chen J, Ren X, Ma YR, Wang X, Ma YY, Zhao DG, Zhou RP, Zhang K, Goodin S, Li DL, Zheng X. Effects of atorvastatin in combination with celecoxib and tipifarnib on proliferation and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer sphere-forming cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173840. [PMID: 33359649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) plays an important role in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and treatment failure. CSCs are characterized by their ability to form tumor spheres in serum-free medium and expression of CSC related markers. In the present study, we investigated the effect atorvastatin, celecoxib and tipifarnib in combination on proliferation and apoptosis in Panc-1 sphere-forming cells. The sphere-forming cells were isolated from Panc-1 cells by sphere-forming method. These sphere-forming cells showed CSC properties. The levels of CD44, CD133 and ALDH1A1 in the sphere-forming cells were increased. Moreover, Panc-1 sphere-forming cells were resistant to chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. Combined atorvastatin with celecoxib and tipifarnib synergistically decreased the sphere forming ability of Panc-1 cells and the drug combination also strongly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in the sphere-forming cells. The effects of the drug combination on the Panc-1 sphere-forming cells were associated with decreases in the levels of CD44, CD133 and ALDH1A1, and suppression of Akt and NF-κB activation. Results of the present study indicate that the combination of atorvastatin, celecoxib and tipifarnib may represent an effective approach for inhibiting pancreatic CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Xiang Ren
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Yu-Ran Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Den-Gao Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Ren-Ping Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Susan Goodin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Dong-Li Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
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13
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Adil MS, Khulood D, Somanath PR. Targeting Akt-associated microRNAs for cancer therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 189:114384. [PMID: 33347867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells because of activating protooncogenes and/or inactivating tumor suppressor genes are the hallmarks of cancer. The PI3K/Akt signaling is one of the most frequently activated pathways in cancer cells responsible for the regulation of cell survival and proliferation in stress and hypoxic conditions during oncogenesis. Non-coding RNAs are a large family of RNAs that are not involved in protein-coding, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are a sub-set of non-coding RNAs with a single strand of 18-25 nucleotides. miRNAs are extensively involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and play an extensive role in the regulatory mechanisms including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The impact of cancer on mRNA stability and translation efficiency is extensive and therefore, cancerous tissues exhibit drastic alterations in the expression of miRNAs. miRNAs can be modulated by utilizing techniques such as miRNA mimics, miRNA antagonists, or CRISPR/Cas9. In addition to their capacity as potential targets in cancer therapy, they can be used as reliable biomarkers to diagnose the disease at the earliest stage. Recent evidence indicates that microRNA-mediated gene regulation intersects with the Akt pathway, forming an Akt-microRNA regulatory network. miRNAs and Akt in this network operate together to exert their cellular tasks. In the current review, we discuss the Akt-associated miRNAs in several cancers, their molecular regulation, and how this newly emerging knowledge may contribute greatly to revolutionize cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir S Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Daulat Khulood
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.
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14
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Qin S, Jiang J, Lu Y, Nice EC, Huang C, Zhang J, He W. Emerging role of tumor cell plasticity in modifying therapeutic response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:228. [PMID: 33028808 PMCID: PMC7541492 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management. Conventional views have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations. However, accumulating evidence implicates a key role of non-mutational resistance mechanisms underlying drug tolerance, the latter of which is the focus that will be discussed here. Such non-mutational processes are largely driven by tumor cell plasticity, which renders tumor cells insusceptible to the drug-targeted pathway, thereby facilitating the tumor cell survival and growth. The concept of tumor cell plasticity highlights the significance of re-activation of developmental programs that are closely correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, acquisition properties of cancer stem cells, and trans-differentiation potential during drug exposure. From observations in various cancers, this concept provides an opportunity for investigating the nature of anticancer drug resistance. Over the years, our understanding of the emerging role of phenotype switching in modifying therapeutic response has considerably increased. This expanded knowledge of tumor cell plasticity contributes to developing novel therapeutic strategies or combination therapy regimens using available anticancer drugs, which are likely to improve patient outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Road, 611137, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Vernot JP. Senescence-Associated Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Tumor Cell Plasticity. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:63. [PMID: 32478091 PMCID: PMC7237636 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-recognized cell phenotypic heterogeneity in tumors is a great challenge for cancer treatment. Dynamic interconversion and movement within a spectrum of different cell phenotypes (cellular plasticity) with the acquisition of specific cell functions is a fascinating biological puzzle, that represent an additional difficulty for cancer treatment and novel therapies development. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for moving or stabilizing tumor cells within this spectrum of variable states constitutes a valuable tool to overcome these challenges. In particular, cell transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes (EMT-MET) and de-and trans-differentiation processes are relevant, since it has been shown that they confer invasiveness, drug resistance, and metastatic ability, due to the simultaneous acquisition of stem-like cell properties. Multiple drivers participate in these cell conversions events. In particular, cellular senescence and senescence-associated soluble factors have been shown to unveil stem-like cell properties and cell plasticity. By modulating gradually the composition of their secretome and the time of exposure, senescent cells may have differential effect not only on tumor cells but also on surrounding cells. Intriguingly, tumor cells that scape from senescence acquire stem-like cell properties and aggressiveness. The reinforcement of senescence and inflammation by soluble factors and the participation of immune cells may provide a dynamic milieu having varied effects on cell transitions, reprogramming, plasticity, stemness and therefore heterogeneity. This will confer different epithelial/mesenchymal traits (hybrid phenotype) and stem-like cell properties, combinations of which, in a particular cell context, could be responsible for different cellular functions during cancer progression (survival, migration, invasion, colonization or proliferation). Additionally, cooperative behavior between cell subpopulations with different phenotypes/stemness functions could also modulate their cellular plasticity. Here, we will discuss the role of senescence and senescence-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines on the induction of cellular plasticity, their effect role in establishing particular states within this spectrum of cell phenotypes and how this is accompanied by stem-like cell properties that, as the epithelial transitions, may also have a continuum of characteristics providing tumor cells with functional adaptability specifically useful in the different stages of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Vernot
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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16
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Mitra T, Bhattacharya R. Phytochemicals modulate cancer aggressiveness: A review depicting the anticancer efficacy of dietary polyphenols and their combinations. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7696-7708. [PMID: 32324275 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is referred to as the "Emperor of all maladies" accounting for the second-highest mortality rates worldwide. Major factors associated with cancer lethality are uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, and frequent recurrence. The conventional therapeutic drugs used in cancer therapy have been associated with numerous damaging side-effects that call for the use of alternative therapeutic options. The natural plant compounds (NPCs) have been found to be effective against diverse groups of diseases including cancer. Among the different types, the polyphenolic phytochemicals like curcumin, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Resveratrol, and nimbolide which are predominant parts of daily dietary intake have proved their potency in reducing the aggressive properties of cancer. Here, we have highlighted the mechanisms through which these NPCs influence growth, metastatic potential, and the drug-resistant behavior of different cancer types. Moreover, we have also emphasized on their function as modulators of the immune system as well as the metabolic properties of the tumor. The role of these phytochemicals in reducing cancer progression has been highlighted when administered unaided or in combination with similar group of compounds. Moreover, their ability to enhance the drug-sensitivity of cancer cells which accounts for their use in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics has also been discussed in this article. Therefore, co-administration of these phytochemicals with chemically similar group members or with conventional chemotherapeutics may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Mitra
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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17
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Wu CE, Zhuang YW, Zhou JY, Liu SL, Zou X, Wu J, Wang RP, Shu P. Nm23-H1 inhibits hypoxia induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biol Chem 2020; 400:765-776. [PMID: 30763256 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Nm23 gene has been acknowledged to play a crucial role in lung cancer metastasis inhibitory cascades controlled by multiple factors. Low expression or allelic deletion of nm23-H1 is strongly linked to widespread metastasis and poor differentiation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, nm23-H1 was down regulated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness enhancement under cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia in NSCLC cells. Moreover, knocking down of nm23-H1 by shRNA apparently promoted hypoxia induced EMT and stemness, which was entirely suppressed via over expression of nm23-H1. Mechanistically, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was found to participate in the nm23-H1-mediated process. Besides, XAV939 prohibited cell EMT and stemness which could be impaired by knocking down of nm23-H1, while stable transfection of nm23-H1 attenuated hypoxia phonotype induced by lithium chloride (LiCl). Generally, our experiment provided evidence that nm23-H1 can reverse hypoxia induced EMT and stemness through the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may furnish a deeper perspective into the better treatment or prognosis for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-En Wu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhuang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shen-Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Zou
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Pifithrin-μ induces necroptosis through oxidative mitochondrial damage but accompanies epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenomenon in malignant mesothelioma cells under lactic acidosis. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:890-901. [PMID: 31428976 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), a chaperone protein associated with tumorigenesis and chemoresistance, has attracted significant attention as a potential therapeutic target for the development of anticancer drugs. Here, the effects of pifithrin-μ, an effective dual inhibitor of HSP70 and p53, on anticancer activities and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were investigated in malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells. MSTO-211HAcT cells, pre-incubated in a medium containing lactic acid, showed more potent resistance to cisplatin and gemcitabine, compared with their acid-sensitive parental MSTO-211H cells. Pifithrin-μ treatment induced both apoptosis and necroptosis, which were accompanied by an EMT-like phenomenon, as evidenced by an elongated cell morphology, decreased levels of epithelial cell markers including E-cadherin, claudin-1, and β-catenin, increased levels of mesenchymal markers including Snail, Slug, and vimentin, and increased cell migratory property. Moreover, pifithrin-μ increased intracellular ROS levels, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased cellular ATP content. A series of changes caused by pifithrin-μ treatment were effectively restored by lowering the ROS level through pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine. Collectively, our results suggest that pifithrin-μ may promote the metastatic behavior of surviving cells by triggering the EMT, despite its effective cell-killing action against MM cells, possibly linked to oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion.
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19
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CSCs in Breast Cancer-One Size Does Not Fit All: Therapeutic Advances in Targeting Heterogeneous Epithelial and Mesenchymal CSCs. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081128. [PMID: 31394796 PMCID: PMC6721464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has no specific targets and is characterized as one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer that disproportionately accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths. Current conventional chemotherapeutics target the bulk tumor population, but not the cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are capable of initiating new tumors to cause disease relapse. Recent studies have identified distinct epithelial-like (E) ALDH+ CSCs, mesenchymal-like (M) CD44+/CD24- CSCs, and hybrid E/M ALDH+/CD44+/CD24- CSCs. These subtypes of CSCs exhibit differential signal pathway regulations, possess plasticity, and respond differently to treatment. As such, co-inhibition of different subtypes of CSCs is key to viable therapy. This review serves to highlight different pathway regulations in E and M CSCs in TNBC, and to further describe their role in disease progression. Potential inhibitors targeting E and/or M CSCs based on clinical trials are summarized for further investigation. Since future research needs to adopt suitable tumor models and take into account the divergence of E and M CSCs for the development of effective treatments, TNBC models for clinically translatable studies are further discussed.
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20
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Varillas JI, Zhang J, Chen K, Barnes II, Liu C, George TJ, Fan ZH. Microfluidic Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem-Like Cells from Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Theranostics 2019; 9:1417-1425. [PMID: 30867841 PMCID: PMC6401494 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) requires multimodal therapeutic approaches and disease monitoring for effective treatment. Liquid biopsy biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), hold promise for evaluating treatment response promptly and guiding therapeutic modifications. Methods: From 24 patients with metastatic PDAC (stage IV, M1) undergoing active systemic treatment, we collected 78 blood samples at different time points for CTC and CSC isolation using a microfluidic platform functionalized with antibodies against a CTC biomarker, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), or a CSC biomarker, CD133. These isolated cells were further verified, via fluorescent staining and imaging, using cytokeratin (CK), CD45, and nucleic acid stain 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Results: The majority (84.4%) of patient blood samples were positive for CTCs (EpCAM+CK+CD45-DAPI+) and 70.8% of patient blood samples were positive for CSCs (CD133+CK+CD45-DAPI+), using the highest baseline value of healthy samples as threshold. The CTC subtypes (EpCAM+CK+CD45-DAPI+CD133+ and EpCAM+CK+CD45-DAPI+CD133-) and CSC subtypes (CD133+CK+CD45-DAPI+EpCAM+ and CD133+CK+CD45-DAPI+EpCAM-) were also analyzed using immunochemical methods. In several cases, CSCs exhibited cytokeratin expression that did not express EpCAM, indicating that they will not be detected using EpCAM-based isolation. Conclusion: The microfluidic platform enabled the reliable isolation of CTCs and CSCs from PDAC patient samples, as well as their subtypes. Complementary assessment of both CTCs and CSCs appears advantageous to assess the profile of tumor progressing in some cases. This research has important implications for the application and interpretation of approved methods to detect CTCs.
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21
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Nangia-Makker P, Hogan V, Raz A. Galectin-3 and cancer stemness. Glycobiology 2018; 28:172-181. [PMID: 29315388 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades galectin-3, a carbohydrate binding protein, with affinity for N-acetyllactosamine residues, has been unique due to the regulatory roles it performs in processes associated with tumor progression and metastasis such as cell proliferation, homotypic/heterotypic aggregation, dynamic cellular transformation, migration and invasion, survival and apoptosis. Structure-function association of galectin-3 reveals that it consists of a short amino terminal motif, which regulates its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling; a collagen α-like domain, susceptible to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases and prostate specific antigen; accountable for its oligomerization and lattice formation, and a carbohydrate-recognition/binding domain containing the anti-death motif of the Bcl2 protein family. This structural complexity permits galectin-3 to associate with numerous molecules utilizing protein-protein and/or protein-carbohydrate interactions in the extra-cellular as well as intracellular milieu and regulate diverse signaling pathways, a number of which appear directed towards epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness. Self-renewal, differentiation, long-term culturing and drug-resistance potential characterize cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small cell subpopulation within the tumor that is thought to be accountable for heterogeneity, recurrence and metastasis of tumors. Despite the fact that association of galectin-3 to the tumor stemness phenomenon is still in its infancy, there is sufficient direct evidence of its regulatory roles in CSC-associated phenotypes and signaling pathways. In this review, we have highlighted the available data on galectin-3 regulated functions pertinent to cancer stemness and explored the opportunities of its exploitation as a CSC marker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Victor Hogan
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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22
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Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Efremova OV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency. Front Genet 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30505319 PMCID: PMC6250818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional analysis of 167 genes overexpressed in Krebs-2 tumor initiating cells was performed. In the first part of the study, the genes were analyzed for their belonging to one or more of the three groups, which represent the three major phenotypic manifestation of malignancy of cancer cells, namely (1) proliferative self-sufficiency, (2) invasive growth and metastasis, and (3) multiple drug resistance. 96 genes out of 167 were identified as possible contributors to at least one of these fundamental properties. It was also found that substantial part of these genes are also known as genes responsible for formation and/or maintenance of the stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent stem cells. These results suggest that the malignancy is simply the ability to maintain the stem cell specific genes expression profile, and, as a consequence, the stemness itself regardless of the controlling effect of stem niches. In the second part of the study, three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress," which are assumed to activate the expression of these genes, were defined. In addition, possible mechanisms for such activation were identified. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem phenotype in the subpopulation of "committed" tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Efremova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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23
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SATB family chromatin organizers as master regulators of tumor progression. Oncogene 2018; 38:1989-2004. [PMID: 30413763 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SATB (Special AT-rich binding protein) family proteins have emerged as key regulators that integrate higher-order chromatin organization with the regulation of gene expression. Studies over the past decade have elucidated the specific roles of SATB1 and SATB2, two closely related members of this family, in cancer progression. SATB family chromatin organizers play diverse and important roles in regulating the dynamic equilibrium of apoptosis, cell invasion, metastasis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. This review highlights cellular and molecular events governed by SATB1 influencing the structural organization of chromatin and interacting with several co-activators and co-repressors of transcription towards tumor progression. SATB1 expression across tumor cell types generates cellular and molecular heterogeneity culminating in tumor relapse and metastasis. SATB1 exhibits dynamic expression within intratumoral cell types regulated by the tumor microenvironment, which culminates towards tumor progression. Recent studies suggested that cell-specific expression of SATB1 across tumor recruited dendritic cells (DC), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), T regulatory cells (Tregs) and tumor epithelial cells along with tumor microenvironment act as primary determinants of tumor progression and tumor inflammation. In contrast, SATB2 is differentially expressed in an array of cancer types and is involved in tumorigenesis. Survival analysis for patients across an array of cancer types correlated with expression of SATB family chromatin organizers suggested tissue-specific expression of SATB1 and SATB2 contributing to disease prognosis. In this context, it is pertinent to understand molecular players, cellular pathways, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms governed by cell types within tumors regulated by SATB proteins. We propose that patient survival analysis based on the expression profile of SATB chromatin organizers would facilitate their unequivocal establishment as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
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Kyuno D, Zhao K, Bauer N, Ryschich E, Zöller M. Therapeutic Targeting Cancer-Initiating Cell Markers by Exosome miRNA: Efficacy and Functional Consequences Exemplified for claudin7 and EpCAM. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:191-199. [PMID: 30393102 PMCID: PMC6204435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Transfer of exosomes (Exo) miRNA was described interfering with tumor progression. We here explored for claudin7 (cld7) and EpCAM (EpC), cancer-initiating-cell markers in colorectal and pancreatic cancer, the efficacy of Exo loading with miRNA and miRNA transfer. METHODS: Exo were collected from nontransformed mouse (NIH3T3) and rat lung fibroblasts (rFb), which were transfected with Tspan8 cDNA (NIH3T3-Tspan8, rFb-Tspan8). Exo were loaded by electroporation with miRNA. The transfer of Exo-miRNA was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in a rat pancreatic (ASML) and a human colon (SW948) cancer line. RESULTS: NIH3T3-Tspan8- or rFb-Tspan8-Exo were efficiently loaded with cld7- or EpC-miRNA. Exo targeting in vivo was strongly improved by tailoring with Tspan8. Exo-miRNA transfer into tumor targets promoted cld7, respectively, EpC downregulation by 33%-60%. Cld7 silencing was accompanied by reduced expression of additional cancer-initiating cell markers and NOTCH. EpC silencing reduced vimentin, N-cadherin, and Nanog expression. The Exo-miRNA transfer affected anchorage-independent growth, motility, and invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Exo are efficiently loaded with miRNA, miRNA-delivery being supported by Exo tailoring. Partial cld7 and EpC silencing by Exo miRNA affects metastasis-promoting tumor cell activities. The findings suggest miRNA loading of tailored Exo as an easy approachable and efficient adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kyuno
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kun Zhao
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Bauer
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduard Ryschich
- Microcirculation and Cell Migration, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Perekatt AO, Shah PP, Cheung S, Jariwala N, Wu A, Gandhi V, Kumar N, Feng Q, Patel N, Chen L, Joshi S, Zhou A, Taketo MM, Xing J, White E, Gao N, Gatza ML, Verzi MP. SMAD4 Suppresses WNT-Driven Dedifferentiation and Oncogenesis in the Differentiated Gut Epithelium. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4878-4890. [PMID: 29986996 PMCID: PMC6125228 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cell of origin of colon cancer is typically thought to be the resident somatic stem cells, which are immortal and escape the continual cellular turnover characteristic of the intestinal epithelium. However, recent studies have identified certain conditions in which differentiated cells can acquire stem-like properties and give rise to tumors. Defining the origins of tumors will inform cancer prevention efforts as well as cancer therapies, as cancers with distinct origins often respond differently to treatments. We report here a new condition in which tumors arise from the differentiated intestinal epithelium. Inactivation of the differentiation-promoting transcription factor SMAD4 in the intestinal epithelium was surprisingly well tolerated in the short term. However, after several months, adenomas developed with characteristics of activated WNT signaling. Simultaneous loss of SMAD4 and activation of the WNT pathway led to dedifferentiation and rapid adenoma formation in differentiated tissue. Transcriptional profiling revealed acquisition of stem cell characteristics, and colabeling indicated that cells expressing differentiated enterocyte markers entered the cell cycle and reexpressed stem cell genes upon simultaneous loss of SMAD4 and activation of the WNT pathway. These results indicate that SMAD4 functions to maintain differentiated enterocytes in the presence of oncogenic WNT signaling, thus preventing dedifferentiation and tumor formation in the differentiated intestinal epithelium.Significance: This work identifies a mechanism through which differentiated cells prevent tumor formation by suppressing oncogenic plasticity. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4878-90. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansu O Perekatt
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Pooja P Shah
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shannon Cheung
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Nidhi Jariwala
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Alex Wu
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Vishal Gandhi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Namit Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, New Jersey
| | - Neeket Patel
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shilpy Joshi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Anbo Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nan Gao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, New Jersey
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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26
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Su P, Yang Y, Wang G, Chen X, Ju Y. Curcumin attenuates resistance to irinotecan via induction of apoptosis of cancer stem cells in chemoresistant colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1343-1353. [PMID: 29956726 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, including irinotecan (CPT‑11), 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine is a major cause for therapeutic failure in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that cancer cells exhibiting stem cell-like characteristics are associated with the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. As a plant polyphenol, curcumin has been demonstrated to have the ability to ameliorate resistance of CRC to chemotherapeutic agents, but the associations among curcumin, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and chemoresistance of CRC remain unclear. The present study established a CPT‑11-resistant colon cancer cell line, LoVo/CPT‑11 cells, and detected the expression levels of CSC identification markers [cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and CD24] in parental cells and CPT‑11-resistant cells. It was revealed that the expression levels of the colon CSC markers in LoVo/CPT‑11 cells were significantly higher compared those in parental cells at the mRNA and protein level. The effect of curcumin on the chemoresistance to CPT‑11 and the expression levels of CSC identification markers in LoVo/CPT‑11 cells separately treated with curcumin and CPT‑11 were further investigated. The results revealed that curcumin significantly attenuated chemoresistance to CPT‑11, and treatment with curcumin resulted in a significant reduction of the expression levels of CSC identification markers. Furthermore, a tumor sphere formation assay was used to enrich colon CSCs from LoVo/CPT‑11 cells, and demonstrated that curcumin efficiently diminished the traits of colon CSCs, as evidenced by the inability to form tumor spheres, the reduction in the expression of CSC identification markers, and apoptosis-induced effects on sphere-forming cells treated with curcumin alone or in combination with CPT‑11. Altogether, the present data demonstrated that curcumin attenuated resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs through induction of apoptosis of CSCs among colon cancer cells. These findings may provide novel evidence for the therapeutic application of curcumin in CRC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated with Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Guoxin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
| | - Yongle Ju
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
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Biondani G, Zeeberg K, Greco MR, Cannone S, Dando I, Dalla Pozza E, Mastrodonato M, Forciniti S, Casavola V, Palmieri M, Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA. Extracellular matrix composition modulates PDAC parenchymal and stem cell plasticity and behavior through the secretome. FEBS J 2018; 285:2104-2124. [PMID: 29660229 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers. Its aggressiveness is driven by an intense fibrotic desmoplastic reaction in which the increasingly collagen I-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) and several cell types, including cancer stem cells (CSCs), create a tumor-supportive environment. However, how ECM composition regulates CSC dynamics and their relationship with the principle parenchymal tumor population to promote early invasive growth is not yet characterized. For this, we utilized a platform of 3D organotypic cultures composed of laminin-rich Matrigel, representative of an early tumor, plus increasing concentrations of collagen I to simulate malignant stroma progression. As ECM collagen I increases, CSCs progress from a rapidly growing, vascular phenotype to a slower growing, avascular phase, while maintaining their endothelial-like gene signatures. This transition is supported autocrinically by the CSCs and paracrinically by the parenchymal cells via their ECM-dependent secretomes. Indeed, when growing on an early tumor ECM, the CSCs are dedicated toward the preparation of a vascular niche by (a) activating their growth program, (b) secreting high levels of proangiogenic factors which stimulate both angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry, and (c) overexpressing VEGFR-2, which is activated by VEGF secreted by both the CSC and parenchymal cells. On Matrigel, the more differentiated parenchymal tumor cell population had reduced growth but a high invasive capacity. This concerted high local invasion of parenchymal cells into the CSC-derived vascular network suggests that a symbiotic relationship between the parenchymal cells and the CSCs underlies the initiation and maintenance of early PDAC infiltration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Biondani
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Katrine Zeeberg
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cannone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Forciniti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
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28
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di Gennaro A, Damiano V, Brisotto G, Armellin M, Perin T, Zucchetto A, Guardascione M, Spaink HP, Doglioni C, Snaar-Jagalska BE, Santarosa M, Maestro R. A p53/miR-30a/ZEB2 axis controls triple negative breast cancer aggressiveness. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:2165-2180. [PMID: 29666469 PMCID: PMC6262018 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of p53 contributes significantly to the dismal prognosis of breast tumors, most notably triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). How the relief from p53 tumor suppressive functions results in tumor cell aggressive behavior is only partially elucidated. In an attempt to shed light on the implication of microRNAs in this context, we discovered a new signaling axis involving p53, miR-30a and ZEB2. By an in silico approach we identified miR-30a as a putative p53 target and observed that in breast tumors reduced miR-30a expression correlated with p53 inactivation, lymph node positivity and poor prognosis. We demonstrate that p53 binds the MIR30A promoter and induces the transcription of both miRNA strands 5p and 3p. Both miR-30a-5p and -3p showed the capacity of targeting ZEB2, a transcription factor involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor cell migration and drug resistance. Intriguingly, we found that p53 does restrain ZEB2 expression via miR-30a. Finally, we provide evidence that the new p53/miR-30a/ZEB2 axis controls tumor cell invasion and distal spreading and impinges upon miR-200c expression. Overall, this study highlights the existence of a novel axis linking p53 to EMT via miR-30a, and adds support to the notion that miRNAs represent key elements of the complex network whereby p53 inactivation affects TNBC clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Gennaro
- Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Valentina Damiano
- Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Giulia Brisotto
- Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Michela Armellin
- Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN) via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Michela Guardascione
- Medical Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Ateneo Vita-Salute, Department of Pathology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - B Ewa Snaar-Jagalska
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela Santarosa
- Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy.
| | - Roberta Maestro
- Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy.
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29
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Abstract
Generation of intratumoral phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity has been attributed to clonal evolution and cancer stem cells that together give rise to a tumor with complex ecosystems. Each ecosystem contains various tumor cell subpopulations and stromal entities, which, depending upon their composition, can influence survival, therapy responses, and global growth of the tumor. Despite recent advances in breast cancer management, the disease has not been completely eradicated as tumors recur despite initial response to treatment. In this review, using data from clinically relevant breast cancer models, we show that the fates of tumor stem cells/progenitor cells in the individual tumor ecosystems comprising a tumor are predetermined to follow a limited (unipotent) and/or unlimited (multipotent) path of differentiation which create conditions for active generation and maintenance of heterogeneity. The resultant dynamic systems respond differently to treatments, thus disrupting the delicate stability maintained in the heterogeneous tumor. This raises the question whether it is better then to preserve stability by preventing takeover by otherwise dormant ecosystems in the tumor following therapy. The ultimate strategy for personalized therapy would require serial assessments of the patient's tumor for biomarker validation during the entire course of treatment that is combined with their three-dimensional mapping to the tumor architecture and landscape.
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30
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Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040727. [PMID: 29565320 PMCID: PMC6017975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological properties of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and their dynamics during neoadjuvant chemotherapy are important, both for disease progression prediction and therapeutic target determination, with the aim of preventing disease progression. The aim of our study was to estimate of different CTC subsets in breast cancer during the NACT (neoadjuvant chemotherapy). The prospective study includes 27 patients with invasive breast cancer, T2-4N0-3M0, aged 32 to 60 years. Venous heparinized blood samples, taken before and after biopsy, after each courses of chemotherapy (on days 3-7), and before surgical intervention, served as the material for this study. Different subsets of circulating tumor cells were determined on the basis of the expression of EpCAM, CD45, CD44, CD24, and N-Cadherin using flow cytometry. As the result of this study, it has been observed that significant changes in the quantity of the different subsets of circulating tumor cells in patients' blood were observed after carrying out the 3rd course of NACT. NACT causes significant changes in the quantity of six CTC subsets, with various combinations of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties.
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31
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Mitra T, Prasad P, Mukherjee P, Chaudhuri SR, Chatterji U, Roy SS. Stemness and chemoresistance are imparted to the OC cells through TGFβ1 driven EMT. J Cell Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29537103 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fourth most common gynecological malignancy due to its highly aggressive, recurrent, and drug-resistant nature. The last two features are rendered by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Factors like TGFβ1 and their downstream signaling pathways are upregulated in most cancers and are known to induce EMT and stemness, but the exact mechanisms underlying the process remain unelucidated. In our study, TGFβ1 induced enhanced stem-like properties like high expression of the pluripotent markers SOX2, OCT4a, and NANOG, along with CD44, and CD117 in the OC cells. In addition, increased activity of the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme, formation of compact spheroids, and a quiescent phenotype were observed. In deciphering the mechanism behind it, our data propose ZEB1 transcription factor to play a substantial role in inducing the EMT-mediated stemness and chemoresistance. Further, in our study, we elucidated the significant contribution of both Smad and non-Smad pathways like ERK, JNK, and P38 MAPK pathways in the induction of stem-like characteristics. The novelty of the study also resides with the fact in the expression of different lineage-specific markers, like CD31, CD45, and CD117 along with CD44 in the TGFβ1-induced epithelial ovarian cancer spheroids. This suggests a tendency of the spheroidal cells towards differentiating into heterogenic populations, which is a distinctive feature of a stem cell. Taken together, the present study provides an insight to the molecular cues involved in the acquisition of stemness and chemoresistance along with tumor heterogeneity in TGFβ1-induced OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Mitra
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Parash Prasad
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Pritha Mukherjee
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Susri Ray Chaudhuri
- Tata Translational Cancer Research Centre, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Urmi Chatterji
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sib S Roy
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, Kolkata, India
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32
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Yang Y, Liu Y, He JC, Wang JM, Schemmer P, Ma CQ, Qian YW, Yao W, Zhang J, Qi WP, Fu Y, Feng W, Yang T. 14-3-3ζ and aPKC-ι synergistically facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cholangiocarcinoma via GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55191-55210. [PMID: 27409422 PMCID: PMC5342411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) invasion and metastasis are the primary causes of poor survival rates in patients. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in cancer invasion and metastasis. However, it is still unclear of the molecular mechanism. In this study, the expression of 14-3-3ζ and atypical protein kinase C-ι (aPKC-ι) was further detected in CCA tissues and cell lines. Meanwhile, we established the EMT model of CCA cells and investigated 14-3-3ζ and aPKC-ι co-regulatory effect on the EMT in vitro and in vivo. Further, we identified the downstream molecular glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β)/Snail signalling pathway that contribute to regulating the EMT. Our data showed that the expression of 14-3-3ζ and aPKC-ι was synergistically increased in CCA tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues and was intimately associated with differentiation and the tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that high 14-3-3ζ and aPKC-ι expression separately predicted a poor prognosis and were independent prognostic indicators in patients with CCA. The CO-IP experiment confirmed that the mutual binding relationship between 14-3-3ζ and aPKC-ι. Small interfering RNAs and siRNA rescue experiment demonstrated that 14-3-3ζ and aPKC-ι regulated each other. In addition, 14-3-3ζ and aPKC-ι pretreatment by si-RNA inhibit the phosphorylated GSK-3β and Snail expression during EMT. Meanwhile, silence of 14-3-3ζ or aPKC-ι suppressed CCA cells migration, metastasis and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates that 14-3-3ζ and aPKC-ι synergistically facilitate EMT of CCA via GSK-3β/Snail signalling pathway, and may be potential therapeutic target for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jun-Chuang He
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Peter Schemmer
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Chao-Qun Ma
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ya-Wei Qian
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei-Peng Qi
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Lo PK, Yao Y, Lee JS, Zhang Y, Huang W, Kane MA, Zhou Q. LIPG signaling promotes tumor initiation and metastasis of human basal-like triple-negative breast cancer. eLife 2018; 7:31334. [PMID: 29350614 PMCID: PMC5809145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of aggressive human basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains incomplete. In this study, we show endothelial lipase (LIPG) is aberrantly overexpressed in basal-like TNBCs. We demonstrate that LIPG is required for in vivo tumorigenicity and metastasis of TNBC cells. LIPG possesses a lipase-dependent function that supports cancer cell proliferation and a lipase-independent function that promotes invasiveness, stemness and basal/epithelial-mesenchymal transition features of TNBC. Mechanistically, LIPG executes its oncogenic function through its involvement in interferon-related DTX3L-ISG15 signaling, which regulates protein function and stability by ISGylation. We show that DTX3L, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, is required for maintaining LIPG protein levels in TNBC cells by inhibiting proteasome-mediated LIPG degradation. Inactivation of LIPG impairs DTX3L-ISG15 signaling, indicating the existence of DTX3L-LIPG-ISG15 signaling. We further reveal LIPG-ISG15 signaling is lipase-independent. We demonstrate that DTX3L-LIPG-ISG15 signaling is essential for malignancies of TNBC cells. Targeting this pathway provides a novel strategy for basal-like TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Kuo Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yongshu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, United States
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, United States
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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Bhattacharya R, Mitra T, Ray Chaudhuri S, Roy SS. Mesenchymal splice isoform of CD44 (CD44s) promotes EMT/invasion and imparts stem‐like properties to ovarian cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3373-3383. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharya
- Cell Biology and Physiology DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Tulika Mitra
- Cell Biology and Physiology DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Susri Ray Chaudhuri
- Tata Translational Cancer Research CentreTata Medical CentreKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology CampusKolkataWest BengalIndia
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Wang Z, Zhao K, Hackert T, Zöller M. CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:97. [PMID: 30211160 PMCID: PMC6122270 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death, tumor progression proceeding through emigration from the primary tumor, gaining access to the circulation, leaving the circulation, settling in distant organs and growing in the foreign environment. The capacity of a tumor to metastasize relies on a small subpopulation of cells in the primary tumor, so called cancer-initiating cells (CIC). CIC are characterized by sets of markers, mostly membrane anchored adhesion molecules, CD44v6 being the most frequently recovered marker. Knockdown and knockout models accompanied by loss of tumor progression despite unaltered primary tumor growth unraveled that these markers are indispensable for CIC. The unexpected contribution of marker molecules to CIC-related activities prompted research on underlying molecular mechanisms. This review outlines the contribution of CD44, particularly CD44v6 to CIC activities. A first focus is given to the impact of CD44/CD44v6 to inherent CIC features, including the crosstalk with the niche, apoptosis-resistance, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Following the steps of the metastatic cascade, we report on supporting activities of CD44/CD44v6 in migration and invasion. These CD44/CD44v6 activities rely on the association with membrane-integrated and cytosolic signaling molecules and proteases and transcriptional regulation. They are not restricted to, but most pronounced in CIC and are tightly regulated by feedback loops. Finally, we discuss on the engagement of CD44/CD44v6 in exosome biogenesis, loading and delivery. exosomes being the main acteurs in the long-distance crosstalk of CIC with the host. In brief, by supporting the communication with the niche and promoting apoptosis resistance CD44/CD44v6 plays an important role in CIC maintenance. The multifaceted interplay between CD44/CD44v6, signal transducing molecules and proteases facilitates the metastasizing tumor cell journey through the body. By its engagement in exosome biogenesis CD44/CD44v6 contributes to disseminated tumor cell settlement and growth in distant organs. Thus, CD44/CD44v6 likely is the most central CIC biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Margot Zöller
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Chen PH, Mahmood Q, Mariottini GL, Chiang TA, Lee KW. Adverse Health Effects of Betel Quid and the Risk of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3904098. [PMID: 29376073 PMCID: PMC5742426 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3904098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Global reports estimate 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers. BQ chewing has been demonstrated not only to be a risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) but also to cause other cancers and adverse health effects. Herein, we summarized the international comparison data to aid in the understanding of the close relationship between the prevalence of BQ chewing, the occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers, and adverse health effects. Potential biomarkers of BQ carcinogens, such as areca nut, alkaloids, and 3-methylnitrosaminopropionitrile (MNPN), are closely associated with human health toxicology. Molecular mechanisms or pathways involving autophagy, hypoxia, COX-2, NF-κB activity, and stemness are known to be induced by BQ ingredients and are very closely related to the carcinogenesis of cancers of oral and pharynx. BQ abuse-related monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene was associated with the occurrence and progress of oral and pharyngeal cancers. In summary, our review article provides important insights into the potential roles of environmental BQ (specific alkaloid biomarkers and nitrosamine products MNPN) and genetic factors (MAO) and offers a basis for studies aiming to reduce or eliminate BQ-related OPMD and oral/pharyngeal cancer incidences in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ho Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Gian Luigi Mariottini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tai-An Chiang
- College of Human Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, No. 89, Wenhwa 1st St., Rende Shiang, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Wo Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Azevedo R, Peixoto A, Gaiteiro C, Fernandes E, Neves M, Lima L, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Over forty years of bladder cancer glycobiology: Where do glycans stand facing precision oncology? Oncotarget 2017; 8:91734-91764. [PMID: 29207682 PMCID: PMC5710962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high molecular heterogeneity of bladder tumours is responsible for significant variations in disease course, as well as elevated recurrence and progression rates, thereby hampering the introduction of more effective targeted therapeutics. The implementation of precision oncology settings supported by robust molecular models for individualization of patient management is warranted. This effort requires a comprehensive integration of large sets of panomics data that is yet to be fully achieved. Contributing to this goal, over 40 years of bladder cancer glycobiology have disclosed a plethora of cancer-specific glycans and glycoconjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans) accompanying disease progressions and dissemination. This review comprehensively addresses the main structural findings in the field and consequent biological and clinical implications. Given the cell surface and secreted nature of these molecules, we further discuss their potential for non-invasive detection and therapeutic development. Moreover, we highlight novel mass-spectrometry-based high-throughput analytical and bioinformatics tools to interrogate the glycome in the postgenomic era. Ultimately, we outline a roadmap to guide future developments in glycomics envisaging clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azevedo
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- New Therapies Group, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Fernandes
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biomaterials for Multistage Drug and Cell Delivery, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Neves
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Glycobiology in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Glycobiology in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Milione M, Maisonneuve P, Pellegrinelli A, Pusceddu S, Centonze G, Dominoni F, Brambilla C, Rubino M, Faggiano A, Buzzoni R, Concas L, Giacomelli L, Coppa J, Mazzaferro V, de Braud F. Loss of succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) as a prognostic factor in advanced ileal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Endocrine 2017; 57:512-517. [PMID: 27905048 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal expression of succinate dehydrogenase, (SDH), in particular of the B subunit (SDHB), is implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors. This study evaluates the distribution of SDHB in WHO grading G1 and G2 intestinal, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and corresponding lymph node or liver metastases. METHODS We collected ileal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors specimens from consecutive patients with prior primary resection and distant synchronous or metachronous liver metastases. We obtained 195 specimens from primary tumors (n = 106) and metastases (n = 89). The expression (E) of SDHB and the immunostaining intensity (I) were evaluated semiquantitatively and combined into a single score. SDHB score was evaluated in primitive tumor and metastatic specimens. RESULTS SDHB was found in all tumor cells. Mean SDHB expression was 72.7 % ± 17.1 % in primitive specimens and 27.9 % ± 24.6 % in metastatic specimens (p < 0.0001). SDH intensity was higher in primitive specimens (p < 0.0001). SDHB score was 9-12 in 96 specimens of the primitive group and 2 metastatic specimens (p < 0.0001). None of the analyzed parameters was predictive of overall survival in the primitive subset. In the metastatic subset, loss of SDHB expression, intensity, and score were prognostic factors for survival. Lower expression and intensity of SDHB in metastatic lesions were associated with longer overall survival. When combining SDHB score and Ki-67 % in the metastatic subset, a lower SDHB score was associated with prolonged overall survival, independently from Ki-67 %. CONCLUSIONS SDHB score was different in primitive and metastatic specimens. The combination of SDHB score and Ki-67 % was a stronger predictor of overall survival than Ki-67 % alone. This stratification might help predict survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Milione
- 1st Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Pellegrinelli
- 1st Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pusceddu
- Departement of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Foundation National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- 1st Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Dominoni
- 1st Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brambilla
- 1st Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Manila Rubino
- Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Buzzoni
- Departement of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Foundation National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Concas
- Departement of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Foundation National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Jorgelina Coppa
- Department of Surgery, G.I. Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori (National Cancer Institute), Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- Department of Surgery, G.I. Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori (National Cancer Institute), Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Departement of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Foundation National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
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Zhang G, Wang W, Yao C, Zhang S, Liang L, Han M, Ren J, Qi X, Zhang X, Wang S, Li L. Radiation-resistant cancer stem-like cell properties are regulated by PTEN through the activity of nuclear β-catenin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74661-74672. [PMID: 29088815 PMCID: PMC5650370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the primary and most important treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been shown to be resistant to radiation. The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene has been suggested to play a role in stem cell self-renewal. In the present study, we sorted PTEN−/+ cells using a flow cytometer. The clone formation assay showed that PTEN− cells were more radioresistant than PTEN+ NPC cells. We found that PTEN− cells demonstrated a significant increase in tumorsphere formation and CSCs markers compared with PTEN+ cells. Silencing the expression of PTEN with siRNA resulted in increased expression of p-AKT, active β-catenin and Nanog. siPTEN cells irradiated showed more radioresistant and DNA damage than parental cells. We also confirmed that down-regulation of β-catenin expression with shRNA resulted in a reduced percentage of side population cells and expression of Nanog. shβ-catenin cells significantly decreased survivin expression at 4 Gy irradiation in PTEN− cells compared with PTEN+ cells. In siPTEN cells, β-catenin staining shifted from the cytoplasmic membrane to the nucleus. Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed that following irradiation of PTEN− cells, at 4 Gy, active β-catenin was mainly found in the nucleus. Immunohistochemistry analysis also demonstrated that the PTEN−/p-AKT+/β-catenin+/Nanog+ axis may indicate poor prognosis and radioresistance in clinical NPC specimens. Thus, our findings strongly suggest that PTEN− cells have CSCs properties that are resistant to radiation in NPC. PTEN exerts these effects through the downstream effector PI3K/AKT/β-catenin/Nanog axis which depends on nuclear β-catenin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Research Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Yao
- Department of Radiotherapy of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Lili Liang
- Department of Dermatology of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Muyuan Han
- Department of Ophthalmology of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Jinjin Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Xiurong Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Shuye Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiotherapy of People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
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Suzuki K, Takano S, Yoshitomi H, Nishino H, Kagawa S, Shimizu H, Furukawa K, Miyazaki M, Ohtsuka M. Metadherin promotes metastasis by supporting putative cancer stem cell properties and epithelial plasticity in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66098-66111. [PMID: 29029495 PMCID: PMC5630395 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high metastatic potential. However, the mechanism of metastatic colonization in PDAC remains poorly understood. Metadherin (MTDH) has emerged in recent years as a crucial mediator of metastasis in several cancer types, although the biological role of MTDH in PDAC has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated the functional roles of MTDH in PDAC progression, especially focusing on the metastatic cascade. In vitro studies showed that MTDH provides cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in metastatic PDAC cells and contributes to anoikis resistance with epithelial characteristics in PDAC cells. We also performed in vivo studies using both orthotopic transplantation and intra-portal vein injection as experimental models of liver metastasis to examine the function of MTDH at the metastatic site. MTDH knockdown dramatically reduced the incidence of liver metastases along with epithelial features in both experimental mouse models. Collectively, MTDH facilitates metastatic colonization with putative CSC and epithelial properties in PDAC cells. PDAC cells were transiently treated with TGF-β1 to investigate the roles of MTDH on epithelial plasticity. Intriguingly, MTDH expression was negatively correlated with Twist1 expression during the Mesenchymal-Epithelial transition (MET) induction in metastatic PDAC cells. These results suggest that MTDH may contribute to MET induction via downregulation of Twsit1. Lastly, immunohistochemistry indicated that MTDH overexpression is closely associated with hematogenous metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. This is the first demonstration of MTDH function in PDAC metastatic colonization. Our data suggest that MTDH targeting therapy could be applied to control PDAC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Suzuki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoe Nishino
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Kagawa
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Furukawa
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Zhang C, Ma Q, Shi Y, Li X, Wang M, Wang J, Ge J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Jiang H. A novel 5-fluorouracil-resistant human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Eca-109/5-FU with significant drug resistance-related characteristics. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2942-2954. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Konrad CV, Murali R, Varghese BA, Nair R. The role of cancer stem cells in tumor heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1-15. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogenous disease displaying marked inter- and intra-tumoral diversity. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been experimentally demonstrated in a number of cancer types as a subpopulation of tumor cells that drives the tumorigenic and metastatic properties of the entire cancer. Thus, eradication of the CSC population is critical for the complete ablation of a tumor. This is, however, confounded by the inherent resistance of CSCs to standard anticancer therapies, eventually leading to the outgrowth of resistant tumor cells and relapse in patients. The cellular mechanisms of therapy resistance in CSCs are ascribed to several factors including a state of quiescence, an enhanced DNA damage response and active repair mechanisms, up-regulated expression of drug efflux transporters, as well as the activation of pro-survival signaling pathways and inactivation of apoptotic signaling. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of resistance to therapy may hold the key to targeting the CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Valbirk Konrad
- Cancer Research Division & Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Reshma Murali
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
| | | | - Radhika Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
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Obayashi M, Yoshida M, Tsunematsu T, Ogawa I, Sasahira T, Kuniyasu H, Imoto I, Abiko Y, Xu D, Fukunaga S, Tahara H, Kudo Y, Nagao T, Takata T. microRNA-203 suppresses invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction via targeting NUAK1 in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8223-39. [PMID: 26882562 PMCID: PMC4884988 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high capacity for invasion. To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate HNSCC invasion, we compared miRNA expression profiles between a parent HNSCC cell line and a highly invasive clone. The miR-200 family and miR-203 were downregulated in the clone. Here we focused on the role of miR-203 in invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction in HNSCC. miR-203 was downregulated during EMT induction. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of miR-203 suppressed the invasion and induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in HNSCC cells. Interestingly, we identified NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 (NUAK1) as a novel target gene of miR-203 by cyclopedic analysis using anti-Ago2 antibody. Increased expression of NUAK1 was observed during EMT induction, and ectopic expression of miR-203 delayed EMT induction by suppressing NUAK1 expression. Moreover, NUAK1 overexpression promoted the invasion of HNSCC cells. Importantly, NUAK1 expression was well correlated with poor differentiation, invasiveness, and lymph node metastasis in HNSCC cases. Overall, miR-203 has a tumor-suppressing role in invasion and EMT induction by targeting NUAK1 in HNSCC, suggesting miR-203 as a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Obayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Abiko
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Saori Fukunaga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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44
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Ming XY, Fu L, Zhang LY, Qin YR, Cao TT, Chan KW, Ma S, Xie D, Guan XY. Integrin α7 is a functional cancer stem cell surface marker in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13568. [PMID: 27924820 PMCID: PMC5150658 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-CG methylation has been associated with stemness regulation in embryonic stem cells. By comparing differentially expressed genes affected by non-CG methylation between tumour and corresponding non-tumour tissues in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we find that Integrin α7 (ITGA7) is characterized as a potential cancer stem cell (CSC) marker. Clinical data show that a high frequency of ITGA7+ cells in OSCC tissues is significantly associated with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and worse prognosis. Functional studies demonstrate that both sorted ITGA7+ cells and ITGA7 overexpressing cells display enhanced stemness features, including elevated expression of stemness-associated genes and epithelial–mesenchymal transition features, as well as increased abilities to self-renew, differentiate and resist chemotherapy. Mechanistic studies find that ITGA7 regulates CSC properties through the activation of the FAK-mediated signalling pathways. As knockdown of ITGA7 can effectively reduce the stemness of OSCC cells, ITGA7 could be a potential therapeutic target in OSCC treatment. There is still no consensus on tumour type-specific cancer stem cell markers. Here, the authors demonstrate that ITGA7 is a potential functional marker of oesophageal cancer stem cells involved in the resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis through activation of FAK-mediated signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Ming
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China.,Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor and Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China.,Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China
| | - Yan-Ru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine of Tumor and Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China.,Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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45
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Abstract
Cancer diagnosis and therapy is steadily improving. Still, diagnosis is frequently late and diagnosis and follow-up procedures mostly are time-consuming and expensive. Searching for tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) in body fluids may provide an alternative, minimally invasive, yet highly reliable diagnostic tool. Beyond this, there is strong evidence that TEX could become a potent therapeutics. Exosomes, small vesicles delivered by many cells of the organism, are found in all body fluids. Exosomes are characterized by lipid composition, common and donor cell specific proteins, mRNA, small non-coding RNA including miRNA and DNA. Particularly the protein and miRNA markers received much attention as they may allow for highly specific diagnosis and can provide hints toward tumor aggressiveness and progression, where exosome-based diagnosis and follow-up is greatly facilitated by the recovery of exosomes in body fluids, particularly the peripheral blood. Beyond this, exosomes are the most important intercellular communicators that modulate, instruct, and reprogram their surrounding as well as distant organs. In concern about TEX this includes message transfer from tumor cells toward the tumor stroma, the premetastatic niche, the hematopoietic system and, last but not least, the instruction of non-cancer stem cells by cancer-initiating cells (CIC). Taking this into account, it becomes obvious that "tailored" exosomes offer themselves as potent therapeutic delivery system. In brief, during the last 4-5 years there is an ever-increasing, overwhelming interest in exosome research. This boom appears fully justified provided the content of the exosomes becomes most thoroughly analyzed and their mode of intercellular interaction can be unraveled in detail as this knowledge will open new doors toward cancer diagnosis and therapy including immunotherapy and CIC reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Zöller
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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46
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Bleau AM, Zandueta C, Redrado M, Martínez-Canarias S, Larzábal L, Montuenga LM, Calvo A, Lecanda F. Sphere-derived tumor cells exhibit impaired metastasis by a host-mediated quiescent phenotype. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27288-303. [PMID: 26318423 PMCID: PMC4694990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of lung cancer cells to distant sites represents a common event associated with poor prognosis. A fraction of tumor cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to overcome therapeutic stress and remain quiescent. However, whether these CSCs have also the capacity to initiate and sustain metastasis remains unclear. Here, we used tumor sphere cultures (TSC) isolated from mouse and human lung cancer models to enrich for CSCs, and assessed their metastatic potential as compared to non-CSCs. As expected, TSC overexpressed a variety of stem cell markers and displayed chemoresistance. The CSC phenotype of TSC was confirmed by their higher growth ability in soft agar and tumorigenic potential in vivo, despite their reduced in vitro cell growth kinetics. Surprisingly, the appearance of spontaneous lung metastases was strongly delayed in mice injected with TSC as compared to non-TSC cells. Similarly, this finding was confirmed in several other models of metastasis, an effect associated with a retarded colonization activity. Interestingly, such delay correlated with a quiescent phenotype whose underlined mechanisms included an increase in p27 protein and lower phospho-ERK1/2 levels. Thus, these data suggest that cells enriched for CSC properties display an impaired metastatic activity, a finding with potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Bleau
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Zandueta
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Redrado
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Martínez-Canarias
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leyre Larzábal
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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47
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Yang M, Ma B, Shao H, Clark AM, Wells A. Macrophage phenotypic subtypes diametrically regulate epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:419. [PMID: 27387344 PMCID: PMC4936312 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic progression of breast cancer involves phenotypic plasticity of the carcinoma cells moving between epithelial and mesenchymal behaviors. During metastatic seeding and dormancy, even highly aggressive carcinoma cells take on an E-cadherin-positive epithelial phenotype that is absent from the emergent, lethal metastatic outgrowths. These phenotypes are linked to the metastatic microenvironment, though the specific cells and induction signals are still to be deciphered. Recent evidence suggests that macrophages impact tumor progression, and may alter the balance between cancer cell EMT and MErT in the metastatic microenvironment. METHODS Here we explore the role of M1/M2 macrophages in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity of breast cancer cells by coculturing epithelial and mesenchymal cells lines with macrophages. RESULTS We found that after polarizing the THP-1 human monocyte cell line, the M1 and M2-types were stable and maintained when co-cultured with breast cancer cells. Surprisingly, M2 macrophages may conferred a growth advantage to the epithelial MCF-7 cells, with these cells being driven to a partial mesenchymal phenotypic as indicated by spindle morphology. Notably, E-cadherin protein expression is significantly decreased in MCF-7 cells co-cultured with M2 macrophages. M0 and M1 macrophages had no effect on the MCF-7 epithelial phenotype. However, the M1 macrophages impacted the highly aggressive mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to take on a quiescent, epithelial phenotype with re-expression of E-cadherin. The M2 macrophages if anything exacerbated the mesenchymal phenotype of the MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate M2 macrophages might impart outgrowth and M1 macrophages may contribute to dormancy behaviors in metastatic breast cancer cells. Thus EMT and MErT are regulated by selected macrophage phenotype in the liver metastatic microenvironment. These results indicate macrophage could be a potential therapeutic target for limiting death due to malignant metastases in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Current address: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy Medical of Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hanshuang Shao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda M Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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48
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Stratmann HG. Stem Cells and Organ Transplantation: Resetting Our Biological Clocks. SCIENCE AND FICTION 2016. [PMCID: PMC7124065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16015-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human body has only a limited ability to repair itself. Illness, injury, and aging can overwhelm its built-in capability to replace dysfunctional, damaged, or destroyed tissues. We can at best only partly regenerate our organs and cannot grow back a whole limb.
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49
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Denise C, Paoli P, Calvani M, Taddei ML, Giannoni E, Kopetz S, Kazmi SMA, Pia MM, Pettazzoni P, Sacco E, Caselli A, Vanoni M, Landriscina M, Cirri P, Chiarugi P. 5-fluorouracil resistant colon cancer cells are addicted to OXPHOS to survive and enhance stem-like traits. Oncotarget 2015; 6:41706-21. [PMID: 26527315 PMCID: PMC4747183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite marked tumor shrinkage after 5-FU treatment, the frequency of colon cancer relapse indicates that a fraction of tumor cells survives treatment causing tumor recurrence. The majority of cancer cells divert metabolites into anabolic pathways through Warburg behavior giving an advantage in terms of tumor growth. Here, we report that treatment of colon cancer cell with 5-FU selects for cells with mesenchymal stem-like properties that undergo a metabolic reprogramming resulting in addiction to OXPHOS to meet energy demands. 5-FU treatment-resistant cells show a de novo expression of pyruvate kinase M1 (PKM1) and repression of PKM2, correlating with repression of the pentose phosphate pathway, decrease in NADPH level and in antioxidant defenses, promoting PKM2 oxidation and acquisition of stem-like phenotype. Response to 5-FU in a xenotransplantation model of human colon cancer confirms activation of mitochondrial function. Combined treatment with 5-FU and a pharmacological inhibitor of OXPHOS abolished the spherogenic potential of colon cancer cells and diminished the expression of stem-like markers. These findings suggest that inhibition of OXPHOS in combination with 5-FU is a rational combination strategy to achieve durable treatment response in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corti Denise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maura Calvani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Syed Mohammad Ali Kazmi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Morelli Maria Pia
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Pettazzoni
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elena Sacco
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Caselli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Cirri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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50
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Philip R, Heiler S, Mu W, Büchler MW, Zöller M, Thuma F. Claudin-7 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2046-63. [PMID: 25514462 PMCID: PMC4385835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CoCa) EpCAM is frequently associated with claudin-7. There is evidence that tumor-promoting EpCAM activities are modulated by the association with claudin-7. To support this hypothesis, claudin-7 was knocked-down (kd) in HT29 and SW948 cells. HT29-cld7kd and SW948-cld7kd cells display decreased anchorage-independent growth and the capacity for holoclone-, respectively, sphere-formation is reduced. Tumor growth is delayed and cld7kd cells poorly metastasize. In line with this, migratory and invasive potential of cld7kd clones is strongly impaired, migration being inhibited by anti-CD49c, but not anti-EpCAM, although motility is reduced in EpCAM siRNA-treated cells. This is due to claudin-7 recruiting EpCAM in glycolipid-enriched membrane fractions towards claudin-7-associated TACE and presenilin2, which cleave EpCAM. The cleaved intracellular domain, EpIC, promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factor expression, which together with fibronectin and vimentin are reduced in claudin-7kd cells. But, uptake of HT29wt and SW948wt exosomes by the claudin-7kd lines sufficed for transcription factor upregulation and for restoring motility. Thus, claudin-7 contributes to motility and invasion and is required for recruiting EpCAM towards TACE/presenilin2. EpIC generation further supports motility by promoting a shift towards EMT. Notably, EMT features of cld7-competent metastatic CoCa cells can be transferred via exosomes to poorly metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Philip
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg
| | - Sarah Heiler
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg
| | | | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg
| | - Florian Thuma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg
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