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Tang L, Ding J, Yang K, Zong Z, Wu R, Li H. New insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00109-024-02473-1. [PMID: 39145815 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease with an unclear cause characterized by secondary osteophytes and degenerative changes in the articular cartilage. More than 250 million people are expected to be affected by it by 2050, putting a tremendous socioeconomic strain on the entire world. OA cannot currently be treated with any effective medications that change the illness. Over time, chondrocytes undergo gradual metabolic, structural, and functional changes as a result of aging or abuse. The degenerative progression of osteoarthritis is significantly influenced by the imbalance of chondrocyte homeostasis. By continuously recycling and rebuilding macromolecules or organelles, autophagy functions as a crucial regulatory system to maintain homeostasis during an individual's growth and development. This review uses chondrocytes as its starting point and establishes a strong connection between autophagy and osteoarthritis in order to thoroughly examine the mechanisms behind chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis. Biomarkers of chondrocyte autophagy will be identified, and prospective targeted medications and novel treatment approaches for slowing or preventing the course of OA will be developed based on chondrocyte senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis in OA. KEY MESSAGES: Currently, OA has not been treated with any drugs that can effectively cure it. We hope that by exploring specific targets in the course of osteoarthritis, we can promote the progress of treatment strategies. The degenerative progression of osteoarthritis is significantly influenced by the imbalance of chondrocyte balance. Through the continuous recovery and reconstruction of macromolecules or organelles, autophagy is an important regulatory system for maintaining homeostasis during individual growth and development. In this paper, the close relationship between autophagy and osteoarthritis was established with chondrocytes as the starting point, in order to further explore the mechanism of chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis. The development process of osteoarthritis was studied from the perspective of chondrocytes, and the change of autophagy level had a significant impact on osteoarthritis. Chondrocyte autophagy is mainly determined by intracellular mitochondrial autophagy, so we are committed to finding relevant molecules. Through PI3K/AKT- and MAPK-related pathways, the biomarkers of chondrocyte autophagy were identified, and chondrocyte senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis based on osteoarthritis provided a constructive idea for the development of prospective targeted drugs and new therapies to slow down or prevent the progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Third Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Sun M, Bai J, Wang H, Zhou L, Li S. The 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-dihydroxy-stilbene Triazole (STT) Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Growth by Targeting Akt/mTOR Pathway. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2024; 517:277-284. [PMID: 39002015 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923600537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the proliferation inhibitory ability of 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-dihydroxy-stilbene triazole (STT) on SNU449 and Huh7 cells. Moreover, the mechanism associated with the suppression of liver cancer cell proliferation by STT was also studied. The results revealed that STT suppresses proliferation of SNU449 and Huh7 cells to 28 and 21%, respectively treatment with 20 µM. The clonogenic survival of SNU449 and Huh7 cells was also significantly reduced after incubation with STT compared to the control cultures. In comparison to the control, STT treatment significantly decreased the invasive potential of SNU449 cells. Treatment with STT led to a prominent suppression in p62 and increase in LC3B protein expression in SNU449 cells compared to the control cells. The STT treatment dramatically decreased p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression in SNU449 cells. Docking study revealed that STT interacts via traditional hydrogen bonding with the glutamine, phenylalanine, leucine, serine, arginine, aspartic acid, and lysine residues of Akt protein. In summary, the current study demonstrates that STT effectively suppresses the viability of SNU449 and Huh7 liver cancer cells. Moreover, STT treatment of the liver cancer cells also significantly reduces the clonogenic survival and invasive potential of SNU449 cells. Treatment of liver cancer cells with STT increases the expression of autophagic, targets anti-autophagic protein expression and down-regulates Akt/mTOR pathway to inhibit cancer growth and proliferation. Thus, STT exhibits prominent anticancer effect and needs to be investigated further as a potential candidate for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiangtao Bai
- Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Haisong Wang
- Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Long Zhou
- Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shanfeng Li
- Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei Province, China.
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Medeiros M, Guenka S, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Brassesco MS. Amicis Omnia Sunt Communia: NF-κB Inhibition as an Alternative to Overcome Osteosarcoma Heterogeneity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:734. [PMID: 38931401 PMCID: PMC11206879 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity poses a significant challenge in osteosarcoma (OS) treatment. In this regard, the "omics" era has constantly expanded our understanding of biomarkers and altered signaling pathways (i.e., PI3K/AKT/mTOR, WNT/β-catenin, NOTCH, SHH/GLI, among others) involved in OS pathophysiology. Despite different players and complexities, many commonalities have been described, among which the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) stands out. Its altered activation is pervasive in cancer, with pleiotropic action on many disease-relevant traits. Thus, in the scope of this article, we highlight the evidence of NF-κB dysregulation in OS and its integration with other cancer-related pathways while we summarize the repertoire of compounds that have been described to interfere with its action. In silico strategies were used to demonstrate that NF-κB is closely coordinated with other commonly dysregulated signaling pathways not only by functionally interacting with several of their members but also by actively participating in the regulation of their transcription. While existing inhibitors lack selectivity or act indirectly, the therapeutic potential of targeting NF-κB is indisputable, first for its multifunctionality on most cancer hallmarks, and secondly, because, as a common downstream effector of the many dysregulated pathways influencing OS aggressiveness, it turns complex regulatory networks into a simpler picture underneath molecular heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Medeiros
- Cell Biology Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Sophia Guenka
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (S.G.); (D.B.)
| | - David Bastos
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (S.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (S.G.); (D.B.)
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Gao Y, Liu ZZ, Zhang JB, Zhou CK, Zhang JG, Lin XQ, Yin Q, Chen W, Yang YJ. Dihydroartemisinin is an inhibitor of trained immunity through Akt/mTOR/HIF1α signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114052. [PMID: 38636651 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Trained immunity is mechanistically defined as the metabolically and epigenetically mediated long-term functional adaptation of the innate immune system, characterized by a heightened response to a secondary stimulation. Given appropriate activation, trained immunity represents an attractive anti-infective therapeutic target. Nevertheless, excessive immune response and subsequent inflammatory cascades may contribute to pathological tissue damage, indicating that the negative impacts of trained immunity appear to be significant. In this study, we show that innate immune responses such as the production of extracellular traps, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and autophagy-related proteins were markedly augmented in trained BMDMs. Furthermore, heat-killed C. albicans priming promotes the activation of the AIM2 inflammasome, and AIM2-/- mice exhibit impaired memory response induced by heat-killed C. albicans. Therefore, we establish that the AIM2 inflammasome is involved in trained immunity and emerges as a promising therapeutic target for potentially deleterious effects. Dihydroartemisinin can inhibit the memory response induced by heat-killed C. albicans through modulation of mTOR signaling and the AIM2 inflammasome. The findings suggest that dihydroartemisinin can reduce the induction of trained immunity by heat-killed C. albicans in C57BL/6 mice. Dihydroartemisinin is one such therapeutic intervention that has the potential to treat of diseases characterized by excessive trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng-Kai Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Lin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Oraby MA, Elazazy O, Karam HM, Fadaly DS, Ibrahim AA. MitoQ combats tumor cell progression in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma mice: A crosstalk between mitochondrial oxidative status, mitophagy, and NF-κB signaling. Life Sci 2023; 331:122063. [PMID: 37666390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the clinical advances in cancer treatment, the high mortality rate is still a great challenge, requiring much effort to find new and efficient cancer therapies. AIMS The present evidence investigated the potential antiproliferative impact of the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, Mitoquinol (MitoQ), on a mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). MAIN METHODS Mice-bearing tumors were administered two doses of MitoQ (0.3 mg & 0.5 mg/kg; i.p daily) or doxorubicin (2 mg/kg; i.p daily) for 20 days. KEY FINDINGS EAC mice revealed exacerbated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm). Dysfunctional mitophagy was observed in EAC mice, along with boosting aerobic glycolysis. In addition, tumor cells exhibited higher proliferation rates, thereby stimulating cell cycle, invasion, and angiogenesis biomarkers together with suppressing proapoptotic proteins, events that might be correlated with activation of NF-κB signaling. The administration of MitoQ combated tumor cell survival and dissemination in EAC mice as evidenced by reducing tumor volumes and weights and increasing the number of necrotic areas in histopathological assessment. MitoQ also repressed tumor cell cycle, invasion, and angiogenesis via preventing cyclin D1 mRNA, MMP-1, and CD34 levels as well as VEGF protein expression. These observations were associated with the abrogation of mtROS overproduction and enhancement of the mitophagy proteins, PINK1/Parkin levels, followed by inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase. Notably, NF-κB signaling was modulated. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that MitoQ combated tumor cell survival and progression in EAC mice by maintaining mtROS and restoring mitophagy, thereby attenuation of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh A Oraby
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Heba M Karam
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Doaa S Fadaly
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Ibrahim
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada.
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Zheng Y, Sun L, Guo J, Ma J. The crosstalk between ferroptosis and anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic controversy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:1071-1096. [PMID: 37718480 PMCID: PMC10565387 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has significantly reshaped the landscape of cancer treatment, greatly enhancing therapeutic outcomes for multiple types of cancer. However, only a small subset of individuals respond to it, underscoring the urgent need for new methods to improve its response rate. Ferroptosis, a recently discovered form of programmed cell death, has emerged as a promising approach for anti-tumor therapy, with targeting ferroptosis to kill tumors seen as a potentially effective strategy. Numerous studies suggest that inducing ferroptosis can synergistically enhance the effects of immunotherapy, paving the way for a promising combined treatment method in the future. Nevertheless, recent research has raised concerns about the potential negative impacts on anti-tumor immunity as a consequence of inducing ferroptosis, leading to conflicting views within the scientific community about the interplay between ferroptosis and anti-tumor immunity, thereby underscoring the necessity of a comprehensive review of the existing literature on this relationship. Previous reviews on ferroptosis have touched on related content, many focusing primarily on the promoting role of ferroptosis on anti-tumor immunity while overlooking recent evidence on the inhibitory effects of ferroptosis on immunity. Others have concentrated solely on discussing related content either from the perspective of cancer cells and ferroptosis or from immune cells and ferroptosis. Given that both cancer cells and immune cells exist in the tumor microenvironment, a one-sided discussion cannot comprehensively summarize this topic. Therefore, from the perspectives of both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, we systematically summarize the current conflicting views on the interplay between ferroptosis and anti-tumor immunity, intending to provide potential explanations and identify the work needed to establish a translational basis for combined ferroptosis-targeted therapy and immunotherapy in treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zheng
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality TreatmentCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Lingqi Sun
- Department of NeurologyAir Force Hospital of the Western Theater of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality TreatmentCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Ji Ma
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality TreatmentCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
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Liu W, Zheng M, Zhang R, Jiang Q, Du G, Wu Y, Yang C, Li F, Li W, Wang L, Wu J, Shi L, Li W, Zhang K, Zhou Z, Liu R, Gao Y, Huang X, Fan S, Zhi X, Jiang D, Chen C. RNF126-Mediated MRE11 Ubiquitination Activates the DNA Damage Response and Confers Resistance of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer to Radiotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203884. [PMID: 36563124 PMCID: PMC9929257 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has higher molecular heterogeneity and metastatic potential and the poorest prognosis. Because of limited therapeutics against TNBC, irradiation (IR) therapy is still a common treatment option for patients with lymph nodes or brain metastasis. Thus, it is urgent to develop strategies to enhance the sensitivity of TNBC tumors to low-dose IR. Here, the authors report that E3 ubiquitin ligase Ring finger protein 126 (RNF126) is important for IR-induced ATR-CHK1 pathway activation to enhance DNA damage repair (DDR). Mechanistically, RNF126 physically associates with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and ubiquitinates MRE11 at K339 and K480 to increase its DNA exonuclease activity, subsequent RPA binding, and ATR phosphorylation, promoting sustained DDR in a homologous recombination repair-prone manner. Accordingly, depletion of RNF126 leads to increased genomic instability and radiation sensitivity in both TNBC cells and mice. Furthermore, it is found that RNF126 expression is induced by IR activating the HER2-AKT-NF-κB pathway and targeting RNF126 expression with dihydroartemisinin significantly improves the sensitivity of TNBC tumors in the brain to IR treatment in vivo. Together, these results reveal that RNF126-mediated MRE11 ubiquitination is a critical regulator of the DDR, which provides a promising target for improving the sensitivity of TNBC to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Rou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Qiuyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Guangshi Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of the PathologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Fubing Li
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Luzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- School of Life ScienceUniversity of Science & Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Jiao Wu
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Wenhui Li
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Translational Cancer Research CenterPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
| | - Yingzheng Gao
- Department of the Central LaboratorySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Department of the Central LaboratorySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathologythe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410000China
| | - Xu Zhi
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
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Wong KH, Yang D, Chen S, He C, Chen M. Development of Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems of Dihydroartemisinin for Cancer Therapy: A Review. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:475-490. [PMID: 36105316 PMCID: PMC9459003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Xie X, Hu L, Liu L, Wang J, Liu Y, Ma L, Sun G, Li C, Aisa HA, Meng S. Punicalagin promotes autophagic degradation of human papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins in cervical cancer through the ROS-JNK-BCL2 pathway. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101388. [PMID: 35259676 PMCID: PMC8904240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides a novel insight into the mechanism of degradation of E6 and E7 caused by punicalagin-induced autophagy. Therefore, our results will offer new strategy for treatment of HPV-infected cervical cancer.
Punicalagin, which is derived from pomegranate peel, is reported to exert growth-inhibitory effects against various cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Human papillomavirus (HPV), a major oncovirus, utilizes the host autophagic machinery to support its replication. Here, punicalagin markedly downregulated the levels of the major HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 in cervical cancer cells through the autophagy-lysosome system. Additionally, punicalagin activated the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-JNK pathway and promoted the phosphorylation of BCL2, which led to the dissociation of BCL2 from BECN1 and the induction of autophagy. Treatment with autophagy and JNK inhibitors or ROS scavengers mitigated the punicalagin-induced degradation of E6 and E7. Moreover, the knockout of ATG5 using the clustered regularly interspaced palindrome repeat/Cas 9 system mitigated the punicalagin-induced downregulation of E6/E7. This indicated that punicalagin-induced degradation of E6 and E7 was dependent on autophagy. The results of in vivo studies demonstrated that punicalagin efficiently inhibits cervical cancer growth. In conclusion, this study elucidated a mechanism of punicalagin-induced autophagic degradation of E6 and E7. It will enable the future applications of punicalagin as a therapeutic for HPV-induced cervical cancer.
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Shi Q, Xia F, Wang Q, Liao F, Guo Q, Xu C, Wang J. Discovery and repurposing of artemisinin. Front Med 2022; 16:1-9. [PMID: 35290595 PMCID: PMC8922983 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is an ancient infectious disease that threatens millions of lives globally even today. The discovery of artemisinin, inspired by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has brought in a paradigm shift and been recognized as the “best hope for the treatment of malaria” by World Health Organization. With its high potency and low toxicity, the wide use of artemisinin effectively treats the otherwise drug-resistant parasites and helps many countries, including China, to eventually eradicate malaria. Here, we will first review the initial discovery of artemisinin, an extraordinary journey that was in stark contrast with many drugs in western medicine. We will then discuss how artemisinin and its derivatives could be repurposed to treat cancer, inflammation, immunoregulation-related diseases, and COVID-19. Finally, we will discuss the implications of the “artemisinin story” and how that can better guide the development of TCM today. We believe that artemisinin is just a starting point and TCM will play an even bigger role in healthcare in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qixin Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fulong Liao
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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11
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Dihydroartemisinin alleviates steatosis and inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105737. [PMID: 35338970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severely inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS) cause metabolic abnormalities, promote liver steatosis and inflammation, and are central to the development of NASH. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a compound extracted from Artemisia annua that is often used in the treatment of malaria. Recent studies have shown that DHA also has a wide range of pharmacological effects, acting on various organs throughout the body to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects. In this study, we demonstrated in vitro that the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA is effective against NASH and reduces liver steatosis. DHA treatment decreased the synthesis of lipids, such as cholesterol and free fatty acids, and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B. This is accomplished by inhibiting the unfolded protein response and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting OS and ERS. This study reveals DHA's therapeutic effect and potential mechanism in NASH, implying that DHA could be a new and promising candidate for NASH therapy.
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12
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Zhou X, Suo F, Haslinger K, Quax WJ. Artemisinin-Type Drugs in Tumor Cell Death: Mechanisms, Combination Treatment with Biologics and Nanoparticle Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:395. [PMID: 35214127 PMCID: PMC8875250 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin, the most famous anti-malaria drug initially extracted from Artemisia annua L., also exhibits anti-tumor properties in vivo and in vitro. To improve its solubility and bioavailability, multiple derivatives have been synthesized. However, to reveal the anti-tumor mechanism and improve the efficacy of these artemisinin-type drugs, studies have been conducted in recent years. In this review, we first provide an overview of the effect of artemisinin-type drugs on the regulated cell death pathways, which may uncover novel therapeutic approaches. Then, to overcome the shortcomings of artemisinin-type drugs, we summarize the recent advances in two different therapeutic approaches, namely the combination therapy with biologics influencing regulated cell death, and the use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems. For the former approach, we discuss the superiority of combination treatments compared to monotherapy in tumor cells based on their effects on regulated cell death. For the latter approach, we give a systematic overview of nanocarrier design principles used to deliver artemisinin-type drugs, including inorganic-based nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, polymer-based nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and niosomes. Both approaches have yielded promising findings in vitro and in vivo, providing a strong scientific basis for further study and upcoming clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina Haslinger
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (X.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Wim J. Quax
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (X.Z.); (F.S.)
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13
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Farmanpour-Kalalagh K, Beyraghdar Kashkooli A, Babaei A, Rezaei A, van der Krol AR. Artemisinins in Combating Viral Infections Like SARS-CoV-2, Inflammation and Cancers and Options to Meet Increased Global Demand. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:780257. [PMID: 35197994 PMCID: PMC8859114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.780257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is a natural bioactive sesquiterpene lactone containing an unusual endoperoxide 1, 2, 4-trioxane ring. It is derived from the herbal medicinal plant Artemisia annua and is best known for its use in treatment of malaria. However, recent studies also indicate the potential for artemisinin and related compounds, commonly referred to as artemisinins, in combating viral infections, inflammation and certain cancers. Moreover, the different potential modes of action of artemisinins make these compounds also potentially relevant to the challenges the world faces in the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial studies indicate positive effects of artemisinin or Artemisia spp. extracts to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 related symptoms and WHO-supervised clinical studies on the potential of artemisinins to combat COVID-19 are now in progress. However, implementing multiple potential new uses of artemisinins will require effective solutions to boost production, either by enhancing synthesis in A. annua itself or through biotechnological engineering in alternative biosynthesis platforms. Because of this renewed interest in artemisinin and its derivatives, here we review its modes of action, its potential application in different diseases including COVID-19, its biosynthesis and future options to boost production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Farmanpour-Kalalagh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Beyraghdar Kashkooli
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Arman Beyraghdar Kashkooli,
| | - Alireza Babaei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Shu Y, Sun X, Ye G, Xu M, Wu Z, Wu C, Li S, Tian J, Han H, Zhang J. DHOK Exerts Anti-Cancer Effect Through Autophagy Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:760022. [PMID: 34977014 PMCID: PMC8719673 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DHOK (14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone) is a novel diterpene isolated from roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack, a traditional herb widely applied in Southeast Asia. It is reported that DHOK has cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, but its anti-cancer mechanism has still been not clear. In our study, we first observed that DHOK inhibits cell proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Next, we performed transcriptome sequencing to identify the targets of DHOK and found that autophagy-related signaling pathways are involved under DHOK treatment. Indeed, in DHOK-treated cells, the level of autophagosome marker LC3 and the formation of GFP-LC3 puncta were decreased, indicating the reduction of autophagy. Moreover, confocal microscopy results revealed the lysosomal activity and the formation of autolysosomes are also inhibited. Our western blotting results demonstrated the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by DHOK, which may be attributed to the enhancement of ERK and AKT activity. Functionally, activation of autophagy attenuated DHOK-caused cell death, indicating that autophagy serves as cell survival. In xenograft mouse model, our results also showed that DHOK activates the mTOR signaling pathway, decreases autophagy level and inhibits the tumorigenesis of colon cancer. Taken together, we revealed the molecular mechanism of DHOK against cancer and our results also demonstrate great potential of DHOK in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Shu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiqin Ye
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipan Wu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haote Han
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbin Zhang, ; Haote Han,
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbin Zhang, ; Haote Han,
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15
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Hu X, Li J. Inhibition of Liver Cancer Cell Growth by Triethylsilyl Resveratrol through Targeting Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Pathway. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2021; 501:449-453. [PMID: 34966970 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672921060065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the commonly detected malignancy and third highest cause of deaths caused by cancer worldwide. The current study investigated the effect of triethylsilyl resveratrol on HuH7 and hep3B cell proliferation and explored the underlying mechanism. The viability of HuH7 and hep3B cells was suppressed to 23 and 18%, respectively on exposure to 2 µM triethylsilyl resveratrol for 72 h. Triethylsilyl resveratrol treatment of HuH7 cells led to a prominent increase in expression of Atg-5, LC3B-II and Beclin proteins. In triethylsilyl resveratrol treated HuH7 cells expression of activated PI3K and Akt proteins showed a prominent decrease compared to the control cells. Moreover, p-mTOR protein expression was also suppressed in HuH7 cells on treatment with 2 µM triethylsilyl resveratrol. In triethylsilyl resveratrol treated cells a marked increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed compared to the control cells. Treatment with 2 µM triethylsilyl resveratrol for 72 h led to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in GFP-LC3B labelling in HuH7 cells compared to the control cells. Thus, triethylsilyl resveratrol reduced liver cancer cell viability through increase expression of proteins associated with autophagy. Moreover, it increased p-ERK1/2 expression and targeted activation of PI3K/Akt protein in HuH7 cells. Therefore, triethylsilyl resveratrol may be studied further as a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary, Gastrointestinal), The People's Hospital of Shouguang, 262700, Shouguang City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of He Chuan Chong Qing, No. 1366, Hechuan District, 401520, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Peng J, Wang Q, Zhou J, Zhao S, Di P, Chen Y, Tao L, Du Q, Shen X, Chen Y. Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating Dihydroartemisinin and Chloroquine Phosphate for Suppressing the Proliferation and Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720777. [PMID: 34690764 PMCID: PMC8531263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimalarial drugs Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and chloroquine phosphate (CQ) exhibit evident anti-cancer activity, particularly as combination therapy. DHA and CQ combination therapy has been proved to exhibit higher cytotoxic effect in tumor cells and lower toxicity to normal cells than combination of artemisinin derivatives (ARTs) and anticancer chemotherapy drugs. However, different physiochemical properties of DHA and CQ, leading to distinctive in vivo outcomes, considerably limited their synergistic effect in cancer treatment. Herein, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) for co-delivery of DHA and CQ to inhibit proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Considering the beneficial effects of acid/reactive oxide species (ROS)-sensitive phospholipids and targeting ligands for colorectal cancer cells, an RGD peptide-modified pH/ROS dual-sensitive LNP loaded with DHA and CQ (RLNP/DC) was prepared. It exhibited optimal cytotoxicity and suppression of invasion and metastasis in HCT116 cells in vitro, attributable to irreversible upregulation of intracellular ROS levels, downregulation of VEGF expression, and upregulation of paxillin expression. A mouse model of orthotopic metastasis of colorectal cancer was established to evaluate anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis effects of RLNP/DC in vivo. Thus, an optimized nanoplatform for DHA and CQ combination therapy was developed in this study that offered potential antitumor efficacy against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qianming Du
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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17
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Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products, most of which are derived from plants. Amongst their numerous biological properties, their anti-tumor effects are of interest for they are extremely diverse which include anti-proliferative, apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic activities. Recently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been dedicated to understanding the 'terpenoid induced autophagy' phenomenon in cancer cells. Light has already been shed on the intricacy of apoptosis and autophagy relationship. This latter crosstalk is driven by the delicate balance between activating or silencing of certain proteins whereby the outcome is expressed via interrelated signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on nine of the most studied terpenoids and on their cell death and autophagic activity. These terpenoids are grouped in three classes: sesquiterpenoid (artemisinin, parthenolide), diterpenoids (oridonin, triptolide), and triterpenoids (alisol, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, platycodin D, and ursolic acid). We have selected these nine terpenoids among others as they belong to the different major classes of terpenoids and our extensive search of the literature indicated that they were the most studied in terms of autophagy in cancer. These terpenoids alone demonstrate the complexity by which these secondary metabolites induce autophagy via complex signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK/JNK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK, NF-kB, and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, induction of autophagy can be either destructive or protective in tumor cells. Nevertheless, should this phenomenon be well understood, we ought to be able to exploit it to create novel therapies and design more effective regimens in the management and treatment of cancer.
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18
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Du J, Wang X, Li Y, Ren X, Zhou Y, Hu W, Zhou C, Jing Q, Yang C, Wang L, Li H, Fang L, Zhou Y, Tong X, Wang Y. DHA exhibits synergistic therapeutic efficacy with cisplatin to induce ferroptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via modulation of iron metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:705. [PMID: 34262021 PMCID: PMC8280115 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely lethal cancer with limited treatment options. Cisplatin (DDP) is used as a mainstay of chemotherapeutic agents in combination with other drugs or radiotherapy for PDAC therapy. However, DDP exhibits severe side-effects that can lead to discontinuation of therapy, and the acquired drug resistance of tumor cells presents serious clinical obstacles. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a more effective and less toxic therapeutic strategy. We and others have previously discovered that dihydroartemisinin (DHA) represents a safe and promising therapeutic agent to preferentially induce cancer cell ferroptosis. In the present study, we find that DHA could intensively strengthen the cytotoxicity of DDP and significantly reduce its effective concentrations both in vitro and in vivo. Combination of DHA and DDP synergistically inhibits the proliferation and induces DNA damage of PDAC cells. Mechanically, the combinative treatment impairs mitochondrial homeostasis, characterized by destroyed mitochondrial morphology, decreased respiratory capacity, reduced ATP production, and accumulated mitochondria-derived ROS. Further studies show that ferroptosis contributes to the cytotoxic effects in PDAC cells under the challenge of DHA and DDP, together with catastrophic accumulation of free iron and unrestricted lipid peroxidation. Moreover, pharmacologic depleting of the free iron reservoir or reconstituted expression of FTH contributes to the tolerance of DHA/DDP-induced ferroptosis, while iron addition accelerates the ferroptotic cell death. In summary, these results provide experimental evidence that DHA acts synergistically with DDP and renders PDAC cells vulnerable to ferroptosis, which may act as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou first people's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Xueying Ren
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Wanye Hu
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China
| | - Chaoting Zhou
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Qiangan Jing
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Huanjuan Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lijuan Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China.
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China.
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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19
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He J, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Gao Z, Jiang Y, Li Z, Kong C, Man X. MicroRNA‑16‑5p/BIMP1/NF‑κB axis regulates autophagy to exert a tumor‑suppressive effect on bladder cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:576. [PMID: 34132358 PMCID: PMC8223104 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common urological disease worldwide. Previous studies have reported that microRNA (miR)-16-5p is associated with the development of BC, but whether miR-16-5p regulates BC cell autophagy remains unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate this issue. miR-16-5p expression in BC cells was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. For cell autophagy detection, autophagic flux was detected using a mCherry-green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3) puncta formation assay, followed by determination of autophagy-related protein markers. The targeting relationship between miR-16-5p and caspase recruitment domain family member 10 (BIMP1) was confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, followed by detection of the BIMP1/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that miR-16-5p overexpression inhibited cell viability, whereas miR-16-5p knockdown promoted cell viability in BC. Furthermore, miR-16-5p overexpression induced autophagy, which was accompanied by increased autophagic flux and expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and beclin 1, as well as decreased p62 expression, whereas miR-16-5p silencing led to an inhibition of autophagy in BC cells. Moreover, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine treatment inhibited cell autophagy and apoptosis in miR-16-5p-overexpressing cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-16-5p could inhibit the BIMP1/NF-κB signaling pathway and this inhibition was achieved by directly targeting BIMP1. Furthermore, it was found that blockade of the BIMP1/NF-κB signaling pathway inversed the inhibitory effects of miR-16-5p knockdown on autophagy in BC cells. In vivo experiments further verified the tumor-suppressive effect on BC of the miR-16-5p/BIMP1/NF-κB axis. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that miR-16-5p promotes autophagy of BC cells via the BIMP1/NF-κB signaling pathway, and an improved understanding of miR-16-5p function may provide therapeutic targets for clinical intervention in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkai Qiu
- Department of Urology, Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Man
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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20
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Xing T, Chen X, Li J, Zhang L, Gao F. Dietary taurine attenuates hydrogen peroxide-impaired growth performance and meat quality of broilers via modulating redox status and cell death signaling. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6188374. [PMID: 33765125 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress seriously affects poultry production. Nutritional manipulations have been effectively used to alleviate the negative effects caused by oxidative stress. This study investigated the attenuating effects and potential mechanisms of dietary taurine on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Briefly, a total of 192 male Arbor Acres broilers (28 d old) were randomly categorized into three groups: non-injection of birds on basal diets (control), 10.0% H2O2 injection of birds on basal diets (H2O2), and 10.0% H2O2 injection of birds on basal diets supplemented with 5 g/kg taurine (H2O2 + taurine). Each group consisted of eight cages of eight birds per cage. Results indicated that H2O2 administration significantly reduced growth performance and impaired breast meat quality by decreasing ultimate pH and increasing shear force value (P < 0.05). Dietary taurine improved the body weight gain and feed intake and decreased feed/gain ratio of H2O2-challenged broilers. Meanwhile, oxidative stress induced by intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 suppressed the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and initiated autophagy and apoptosis. Compared with the H2O2 group, taurine supplementation restored the redox status in the breast muscle by decreasing levels of reactive oxygen species and contents of oxidative products and increasing antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). Moreover, upregulated mRNA expression of NF-κB signaling-related genes, including NF-κB subunit 1 (p50) and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and enhanced protein expression of NF-κB were observed in the H2O2 + taurine group (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary taurine decreased the expression of caspase family, beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein 1light chain 3 beta (LC3-II; P < 0.05), thereby rescuing autophagy and apoptosis in breast muscle induced by H2O2. Collectively, dietary supplementation with taurine effectively improves growth performance and breast meat quality of broilers challenged with H2O2, possibly by protecting against oxidative injury and modulating cell death signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.,Zibo Service Center for Animal Husbandry and Fishery, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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21
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Zhang ZH, Zhang RJ, Han N, Li C, Wang LL, Xing EH, Gu CH, Hao CL. [Transcription factor EB related autophagy in the treatment of multiple myeloma and its mechanism]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:407-414. [PMID: 34218584 PMCID: PMC8292998 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To clarify the effects of bortezomib combined with or without siramesine on the proliferation of multiple myeloma cell lines, the expression changes of transcription factor EBC (TFEB) nuclear translocation and the level of autophagy, and to provide basis for further exploring the regulation mechanism of transcription factor TFEB on autophagy. Methods: The multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI8226 and U266 were cultured in vitro, and the multiple myeloma cells were treated with a certain concentration of bortezomib and siramesine. The changes of cell proliferation inhibition were detected by CCK-8 method. Real time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the relative expression of TFEB, autophagy-related factor LC3B, Beclin1, p62, LAMP1 mRNA and protein. Results: As the concentration of bortezomib increased and the duration of action increased, the proliferation inhibition rates of the two cell lines gradually increased (P<0.05) . The combination of the two drugs has a synergistic inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the above-mentioned multiple myeloma cell lines (P<0.05) . In the blank control group, single drug group, and combination drug group, the relative expression of TFEB mRNA and protein in the cytoplasm decreased sequentially (P<0.05) , and the relative expression of TFEB mRNA and protein in the nucleus increased sequentially (P<0.05) . The relative expression of autophagy-related factors LC3B, Beclin1, LAMP1 mRNA and protein increased sequentially, and the relative expression of p62 mRNA and protein decreased sequentially (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Bortezomib and siramesine can synergistically inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma cells, which is related to the increased autophagy expression in multiple myeloma cell lines and the expression of TFEB with nuclear translocation is also enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - R J Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - N Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - C Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - L L Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - E H Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - C H Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - C L Hao
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
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22
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Artesunate-induced ATG5-related autophagy enhances the cytotoxicity of NK92 cells on endometrial cancer cells via interactions between CD155 and CD226/TIGIT. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107705. [PMID: 33933849 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in developed countries and lacks efficient therapeutic strategies. Artesunate (ART), a well-modified derivate of artemisinin, exerts potent anti-cancer effects apart from its classical anti-malaria feature. Autophagy is a universal double-edged process in cell survival, and CD155 is a novel immune checkpoint highly expressed in numerous cancers. However, the relationships among ART, autophagy, and CD155 remain unclear in UCEC. In this study, we discovered that ART not only inhibited proliferation and migration, promoted apoptosis, but also induced autophagy in UCEC cells. Meanwhile, ART-induced autophagy elevated the level of CD155 in UCEC cells, thereby enhancing the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell line (NK92) by modulating the interactions between CD155 and its receptors in NK92 cells via upregulation of co-stimulator CD226 and downregulation of co-inhibitor TIGIT. Additionally, ART regulated CD155 partially via ATG5, and knockdown of ATG5 dampened the expression of CD155 in UCEC cells, thus decreasing the cytotoxicity of NK92 cells. Therefore, this study demonstrated the dual anti-cancer effects of ART as it could induce cell-killing directly and indirectly, which provides novel insights into the anti-cancer mechanisms of ART on UCEC.
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23
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Zhu S, Yu Q, Huo C, Li Y, He L, Ran B, Chen J, Li Y, Liu W. Ferroptosis: A Novel Mechanism of Artemisinin and its Derivatives in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:329-345. [PMID: 31965935 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200121124404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone compound with a special peroxide bridge that is tightly linked to the cytotoxicity involved in fighting malaria and cancer. Artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) are considered to be potential anticancer drugs that promote cancer cell apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest and autophagy, inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration. Additionally, ARTs significantly increase intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in cancer cells, which result in ferroptosis, a new form of cell death, depending on the ferritin concentration. Ferroptosis is regarded as a cancer suppressor and as well as considered a new mechanism for cancer therapy. METHODS The anticancer activities of ARTs and reference molecules were compared by literature search and analysis. The latest research progress on ferroptosis was described, with a special focus on the molecular mechanism of artemisinin-induced ferroptosis. RESULTS Artemisinin derivatives, artemisinin-derived dimers, hybrids and artemisinin-transferrin conjugates, could significantly improve anticancer activity, and their IC50 values are lower than those of reference molecules such as doxorubicin and paclitaxel. The biological activities of linkers in dimers and hybrids are important in the drug design processes. ARTs induce ferroptosis mainly by triggering intracellular ROS production, promoting the lysosomal degradation of ferritin and regulating the System Xc-/Gpx4 axis. Interestingly, ARTs also stimulate the feedback inhibition pathway. CONCLUSION Artemisinin and its derivatives could be used in the future as cancer therapies with broader applications due to their induction of ferroptosis. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to the development of novel artemisinin-related drugs based on the mechanism of artemisinininduced ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chunsong Huo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuanpeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Linshen He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Botian Ran
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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24
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Li Y, Zhou X, Liu J, Yuan X, He Q. Therapeutic Potentials and Mechanisms of Artemisinin and its Derivatives for Tumorigenesis and Metastasis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:520-535. [PMID: 31958040 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200120100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor recurrence and metastasis are still leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The influence of traditional treatment strategies against metastatic tumors may still be limited. To search for novel and powerful agents against tumors has become a major research focus. In this study, Artemisinin (ARM), a natural compound isolated from herbs, Artemisia annua L., proceeding from drug repurposing methods, attracts more attention due to its good efficacy and tolerance in antimalarial practices, as well as newly confirmed anticancer activity. METHODS We have searched and reviewed the literatures about ARM and its derivatives (ARMs) for cancer using keywords "artemisinin" until May 2019. RESULTS In preclinical studies, ARMs can induce cell cycle arrest and cell death by apoptosis etc., to inhibit the progression of tumors, and suppress EMT and angiogenesis to inhibit the metastasis of tumors. Notably, the complex relationships of ARMs and autophagy are worth exploring. Inspired by the limitations of its antimalarial applications and the mechanical studies of artemisinin and cancer, people are also committed to develop safer and more potent ARM-based modified compounds (ARMs) or combination therapy, such as artemisinin dimers/ trimers, artemisinin-derived hybrids. Some clinical trials support artemisinins as promising candidates for cancer therapy. CONCLUSION ARMs show potent therapeutic potentials against carcinoma including metastatic tumors. Novel compounds derived from artemisinin and relevant combination therapies are supposed to be promising treatment strategies for tumors, as the important future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
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25
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Mancuso RI, Foglio MA, Olalla Saad ST. Artemisinin-type drugs for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 87:1-22. [PMID: 33141328 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Qinghaosu, known as artemisinin (ARS), has been for over two millennia, one of the most common herbs prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). ARS was developed as an antimalarial drug and currently belongs to the established standard treatments of malaria as a combination therapy worldwide. In addition to the antimalarial bioactivity of ARS, anticancer activities have been shown both in vitro and in vivo. Like other natural products, ARS acts in a multi-specific manner also against hematological malignancies. The chemical structure of ARS is a sesquiterpene lactone, which contains an endoperoxide bridge essential for activity. The main mechanism of action of ARS and its derivatives (artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, artemether) toward leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma cells comprises oxidative stress response, inhibition of proliferation, induction of various types of cell death as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, and signal transducers, as NF-κB, MYC, amongst others. Therefore, new pharmaceutically active compounds, dimers, trimers, and hybrid molecules, could enhance the existing therapeutic alternatives in combating hematologic malignancies. Owing to the high potency and good tolerance without side effects of ARS-type drugs, combination therapies with standard chemotherapies could be applied in the future after further clinical trials in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Mancuso
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, HEMOCENTRO UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S T Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, HEMOCENTRO UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Li K, Hao K, Zhang Y, Xu A, Wang Q, Du Y, Wu L, Chen B, Zhang W, Wang Z. C21 Fraction Refined from Marsdenia tenacissima-Induced Apoptosis is Enhanced by Suppression of Autophagy in Human Gastric Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25156-25163. [PMID: 33043194 PMCID: PMC7542599 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
C21 steroidal glycosides have been extensively reported for treating several types of cancer and are widely found in Marsdenia tenacissima. In this study, a C21 fraction was synthesized from M. tenacissima, and its anti-cancer potency was assessed against in vitro gastric cell lines BGC-823, SGC-7901, and AGS. Significant growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest were observed in C21 fraction-treated gastric cancer cells. The results of apoptotic staining techniques in C21 fraction-treated gastric cells were confirmed with excess reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, SOD and H2O2 levels were increased by C21 fraction, especially when combined with chloroquine (CQ). The apoptotic inducing potential of C21 fraction was also evidenced by upregulation of proapoptotic proteins cleaved-PARP and BAX and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and p-AKT by western blot, especially in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor CQ. The results showed that the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells caused by C21 fraction was enhanced by inhibiting autophagy. The current findings reveal a new mechanism for the antitumor activity of C21 fraction on gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Li
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Aibo Xu
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qianni Wang
- School
of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaoqiang Du
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- School
of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bingyu Chen
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School
of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Pecoraro A, Pagano M, Russo G, Russo A. Role of Autophagy in Cancer Cell Response to Nucleolar and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197334. [PMID: 33020404 PMCID: PMC7582989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are exposed to many internal and external stimuli that affect their fate. In particular, the exposure to some of these stimuli induces stress triggering a variety of stress responses aimed to re-establish cellular homeostasis. It is now established that the deregulation of stress response pathways plays a central role in cancer initiation and progression, allowing the adaptation of cells to an altered state in the new environment. Autophagy is a tightly regulated pathway which exerts “housekeeping” role in physiological processes. Recently, a growing amount of evidence highlighted the crucial role of autophagy in the regulation of integrated stress responses, including nucleolar and endoplasmic reticulum. In this review, we attempt to afford an overview of the complex role of nucleolar and endoplasmic reticulum stress-response mechanisms in the regulation of autophagy in cancer and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Russo
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-081-678415 (G.R.); +39-081-678414 (A.R.)
| | - Annapina Russo
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-081-678415 (G.R.); +39-081-678414 (A.R.)
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28
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The potential of artemisinins as anti-obesity agents via modulating the immune system. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107696. [PMID: 33022301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives are the most effective antimalarial drugs. Besides anti-malarial activity, artemisinin and its derivatives have displayed wide-spectrum bioactivities such as anti-parasite, anti-tumor, and anti-obesity effects. Obesity is an epidemic worldwide which is a big threat to human health, but there are only a few approved anti-obesity drugs in the world. Also, these drugs are efficient to limited patients partly because their safety and efficacy are questioned. Anti-inflammatory therapies may be valuable in obesity treatment since growing evidence shows chronic metabolic inflammation is implicated in metabolic disease pathogenesis. As artemisinin and its derivatives display effective anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties with less toxicity, it provides an insight for novel drug development in obesity therapeutic strategies via immune-regulatory mechanisms. In this review, the potential of artemisinin and its derivatives to treat various metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes is discussed.
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29
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Dihydroartemisinin Modulates Apoptosis and Autophagy in Multiple Myeloma through the P38/MAPK and Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6096391. [PMID: 32879652 PMCID: PMC7448255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6096391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an active metabolite and derivative of artemisinin, is the most effective antimalarial drug and has strong antitumor activity in various tumor types. It has recently been reported that DHA can induce autophagy and has significant effects on multiple myeloma (MM), but the mechanisms and the relationship between the autophagy and apoptosis induced by DHA remain to be elucidated. Herein, we demonstrated that DHA significantly induces cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner via the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Moreover, DHA-induced autophagy, which plays a prodeath role in MM, can regulate canonical apoptosis and vice versa. Furthermore, the P38/MAPK signaling pathway is responsible for decreased autophagy and increased apoptosis. DHA induces autophagy and apoptosis also through the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, DHA shows a strong effect in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, these findings reveal that DHA, as an artemisinin-based drug, could be an effective and safe therapeutic agent for MM.
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30
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Chen F, Liu H, Wang X, Li Z, Zhang J, Pei Y, Zheng Z, Wang J. Melatonin activates autophagy via the NF-κB signaling pathway to prevent extracellular matrix degeneration in intervertebral disc. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1121-1132. [PMID: 32470597 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether melatonin alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) by promoting autophagy through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Safranin-O staining were used to measure disc degeneration in rat needle puncture IVDD models, and melatonin was injected intraperitoneally in the treated group to test its function. The expression of autophagy and extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration related-markers were measured in the discs using immunohistochemistry. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate the activation of autophagy in human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues with different degenerated statuses. The expression of autophagy and disc degeneration related-markers were detected in NP cells by Western blot, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence analyses. NF-κB signaling pathway involvement was studied by lentivirus-mediated knockdown, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Melatonin prevented IVDD development in vivo and in vitro. Compared to non-degenerated disc tissues, degenerated human NP tissues showed a decrease in the autophagy-specific marker LC3B and the numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, whereas the p62 level was increased; similar results were observed in rat IVDD models, indicating a negative correlation between autophagy and IVDD. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro studies found that melatonin application induced autophagy and reduced ECM disc degradation. Melatonin was also shown to regulate autophagy by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and vitro. CONCLUSION This study indicates that melatonin prevents IVDD by promoting autophagy, indicating its possible therapeutic potential for controlling the progression of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - X Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Y Pei
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - J Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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Hypoxic colorectal cancer cells promote metastasis of normoxic cancer cells depending on IL-8/p65 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:610. [PMID: 32737283 PMCID: PMC7395770 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is an important feature of malignant tumors, and cell subpopulations may positively interact to facilitate tumor progression. Studies have shown that hypoxic cancer cells possess enhanced metastatic capacity. However, it is still unclear whether hypoxic cancer cells may promote the metastasis of normoxic cells, which have greater access to the blood circulation. When cocultured with hypoxic CRC cells or treated with hypoxic CRC cell-derived CM, normoxic CRC cells possessed increased metastatic capacity. Furthermore, hypoxic CRC cell-derived CM was enriched in interleukin 8. Hypoxic CRC cell-derived CM and recombinant human IL-8 both enhanced the metastatic capacity of normoxic cells by increasing the phosphorylation of p65 and then by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Knockdown of IL-8 in hypoxic CRC cells or the use of an anti-IL-8 antibody attenuated the CM- or rhIL-8-induced prometastatic capacity of normoxic CRC cells. Inhibition or knockdown of p65 abrogated IL-8-induced prometastatic effects. Most importantly, hypoxia-treated xenograft tumors enhanced the metastasis of normoxic CRC cells. Hypoxic CRC cell-derived IL-8 promotes the metastatic capacity of normoxic cells, and novel therapies targeting the positive interactions between hypoxic and normoxic cells should be developed.
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Kong MY, Li LY, Lou YM, Chi HY, Wu JJ. Chinese herbal medicines for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:369-384. [PMID: 32758397 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the prognosis for CRC patients remains poor. Furthermore, the occurrence of side effects and toxicities severely limits the clinical use of these therapies. Therefore, alternative medications with high efficacy but few side effects are needed. An increasing number of modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials have supported the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for the prevention and treatment of CRC. CHMs may be able to effectively reduce the risk of CRC, alleviate the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy, and prolong the survival time of patients with advanced CRC. Studies of molecular mechanisms have provided deeper insight into the roles of molecules from CHMs in treating CRC. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC, the main molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, the role of CHMs in modulating chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions, and CHM's potential role in epigenetic regulation of CRC. The current study provides beneficial information on the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the clinic, and suggests novel directions for new drug discovery against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Yan Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Le-Yan Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Mei Lou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Chi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China.
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Agarwal S, Maekawa T. Nano delivery of natural substances as prospective autophagy modulators in glioblastoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102270. [PMID: 32702467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most destructive type of malignant brain tumor in humans due to cancer relapse. Latest studies have indicated that cancer cells are more reliant on autophagy for survival than non-cancer cells. Autophagy is entitled as programmed cell death type II and studies imply that it is a comeback of cancer cells to innumerable anti-cancer therapies. To diminish the adverse consequences of chemotherapeutics, numerous herbs of natural origin have been retained in cancer treatments. Additionally, autophagy induction occurs via their tumor suppressive actions that could cause cell senescence and increase apoptosis-independent cell death. However, most of the drugs have poor solubility and thus nano drug delivery systems possess excessive potential to improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of encapsulated drugs. There is a pronounced need for more therapies for glioblastoma treatment and hereby, the fundamental mechanisms of natural autophagy modulators in glioblastoma are prudently reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Agarwal
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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Álvarez-Izquierdo M, Guillermo Esteban J, Muñoz-Antoli C, Toledo R. Ileal proteomic changes associated with IL-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematode infections. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:336. [PMID: 32616023 PMCID: PMC7331265 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode, which has been extensively used to investigate the factors that determine the rejection of intestinal helminths. In this sense, several studies have shown that IL-25 is critical for the development of resistance against E. caproni in mice. In fact, treatment of mice with recombinant IL-25 generates resistance against primary E. caproni infection. However, the mechanisms by which IL-25 induces resistance remain unknown. Methods To study the mechanisms responsible for resistance elicited by IL-25, we analyzed the ileal proteomic changes induced by IL-25 in mice and their potential role in resistance. To this purpose, we compared the protein expression profiles in the ileum of four experimental groups of mice: naïve controls; E. caproni-infected mice; rIL-25-treated mice; and rIL-25-treated mice exposed to E. caproni metacercariae. Results Quantitative comparison by 2D-DIGE showed significant changes in a total of 41 spots. Of these, 40 validated protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry corresponding to 24 proteins. Conclusions Our results indicate that resistance to infection is associated with the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the regulation of proliferation and cell death. These results provide new insights into the proteins involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis after intestinal infection and its transcendence in resistance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Izquierdo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Huang S, Zhu Y, Wang C, Li X, Cui X, Tu S, You L, Fu J, Chen Z, Hu W, Gong W. PAK5 facilitates the proliferation, invasion and migration in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4777-4790. [PMID: 32383357 PMCID: PMC7333859 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer around the world, accounting for approximately 10% of cancer-related mortality. Deeper molecular understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis will provide evidences for identification of early diagnostic indicators and novel therapeutic strategies for CRC treatment. The p21cdc42/rac1 -activated kinase 5 (PAK5) has been reported to be involved in a variety of tumor-promoting behaviors, whereas the underlying mechanisms of PAK5 in CRC progression are still obscure. Our current study revealed an upregulated expression of PAK5 in human CRC tissues as compared with normal adjacent biopsies, which was associated with tumor progression and metastasis. We further unraveled that inhibition of PAK5 was correlated with restrained proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we showed an indispensable role of PAK5 in interacting with Cdc42 and Integrin β1, β3, thus, to facilitate the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Collectively, we pointed out a potential of PAK5 to serve as a novel therapeutic target in restricting CRC proliferation and metastasis. The uncovered mechanisms will deepen the comprehension with regard to the mechanisms of CRC progression, as well as providing new insights for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Huang
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Endoscopy CenterThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaxi Li
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Sufang Tu
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Lijuan You
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - JingWen Fu
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zemin Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
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UL16-Binding Protein 1 Induced HTR-8/SVneo Autophagy via NF- κB Suppression Mediated by TNF- α Secreted through uNK Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9280372. [PMID: 32626772 PMCID: PMC7306880 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9280372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UL16-binding protein 1(ULBP1) has been reported to inhibit trophoblast invasion through the modification of secretion functions of uNK cells in the previous study, but its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the related mechanism by which upregulated ULBP1 expression impaired trophoblast invasion. We found that conditioned media with ULBP1 increased autophagy in HTR-8/SVneo, and anti-TNF-α-neutralizing antibody rescued the autophagy caused by the conditioned medium. We further found TNF-α induced autophagy in trophoblast cells in a dose-dependent way and accompanied by a decreased activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Inhibition of NF-κB activation by chemical inhibitor augmented these autophagic responses to TNF-α in the cells. In addition, interruption NF-κB caused a significant decrease in HTR-8/SVneo invasion and enhanced the inhibition effect of TNF-α on HTR-8/SVneo invasion. Taken together, these findings suggest that TNF-α is able to regulate autophagic activity via suppressing NF-κB, which might be the mechanism related to ULBP1 in preeclampsia pathogenesis.
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Chen R, Lu X, Li Z, Sun Y, He Z, Li X. Dihydroartemisinin Prevents Progression and Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibiting Polarization of Macrophages in Tumor Microenvironment. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3375-3387. [PMID: 32425545 PMCID: PMC7188074 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polarized M2 macrophages are an important type of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), with roles in the growth, invasion, and migration of cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a traditional Chinese medicine extract, has been shown to inhibit the progression and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, the effect of DHA on cancer prevention, and the associated mechanism, has not been investigated in the tumor microenvironment. Materials and Methods First, human Thp-1 monocytes were induced and differentiated into M2 macrophages using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Induction success was confirmed by cell morphology evaluation, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, DHA was applied to interfere with M2 macrophage polarization, and conditioned medium (CM), including conditioned medium from M2 macrophages (M2-CM) and conditioned medium from M2 macrophages with DHA (M2-DHA-CM), was obtained. CM was applied to Fadu or Cal-27 cells, and its effects on cancer invasion, migration, and angiogenesis were evaluated using transwell, wound-healing, and tube formation assays, respectively. Finally, Western blotting was used to evaluate the relationship between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway activation and M2 macrophage polarization. Results Human Thp-1 monocytes were successfully polarized into M2-like TAMs using PMA, IL-6, and IL-4. We found that M2-like TAMs promoted the invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of HNSCC cells; however, DHA significantly inhibited IL-4/IL-6-induced M2 macrophage polarization. Additionally, as DHA induced a decrease in the number of M2-like TAMs, M2-DHA-CM inhibited the induction of invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of Fadu and Cal-27 cells. Finally, DHA inhibited M2 macrophage polarization by blocking STAT3 pathway activation in macrophages. Conclusion DHA inhibits the invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of HNSCC by preventing M2 macrophage polarization via blocking STAT3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxin He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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Zhu Q, Guo Y, Chen S, Fu D, Li Y, Li Z, Ni C. Irinotecan Induces Autophagy-Dependent Apoptosis and Positively Regulates ROS-Related JNK- and P38-MAPK Pathways in Gastric Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2807-2817. [PMID: 32308415 PMCID: PMC7135144 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s240803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irinotecan (IRI) is considered an option for second-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer; however, acquired drug resistance currently limits its clinical application. Recently, many researchers have shown that autophagy plays a crucial role in the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this study, we investigated the relationship between autophagy and antitumor activity of IRI in gastric cancer cells. Methods We used MTT assay, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining to detect viability, apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer. Western blotting assay was used to determine the expression of LC3, Beclin-1, P62, cleaved PARP and Caspase 3. In vivo animal study was performed finally. Results We found that IRI treatment dose- and time-dependently inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, IRI treatment caused autophagy in these cells, whereas autophagy inhibitors—3-methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine (CQ), and Beclin-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA)—suppressed cytotoxicity of IRI. A mechanistic analysis showed that IRI-induced autophagy and apoptosis were related to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activation of the JNK- and p38-MAPK pathways. Further in vivo experiments revealed that IRI suppressed tumor growth, induced autophagy, and stimulated the JNK- and p38-MAPK pathways, whereas 3-MA attenuated these effects. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that IRI stimulates the ROS-related JNK- and p38-MAPK pathways to promote autophagy-dependent apoptosis. Thus, a combination of IRI with a pharmacological autophagy enhancer may be a promising therapeutic strategy against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Intervention, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Guo
- Department of Intervention, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Department of Intervention, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiquan Fu
- Department of Intervention, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- Department of Intervention, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifang Ni
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
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Cui X, Qin X. Hydroxypyridinone-Coumarin Inhibits the Proliferation of MHCC97 and HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Down-Regulates the Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920785. [PMID: 32218414 PMCID: PMC7133445 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant diseases and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroxypyridinone-coumarin (HPC) on MHCC97 and HepG2 human HCC cells and the mechanisms involved. Material/Methods MHCC97 and HepG2 human HCC cells were cultured in vitro. An MTT cytotoxicity assay was used to assess cell viability and proliferation, with and without treatment with HPC. Cell autophagosomes were labeled with GFP-LC3 using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Western blot was used to measure protein expression. Results HPC significantly reduced the cell proliferation rate in a concentration-dependent manner, with 2 μM of HPC resulting in a reduced proliferation rate of MHCC97 cells (by 36%) and HepG2 cells (by 29%) (P<0.02). HPC significantly reduced autophagy in MHCC97 and HepG2 cells. Western blot showed that treatment with HPC significant upregulated Atg5, beclin-1, LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II), and Atg-3, reduced p62 and Akt protein expression, and induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. GFP-LC3B labeling in MHCC97 and HepG2 cells was increased following HPC treatment. Conclusions HPC induced autophagy and inhibited the proliferation of MHCC97 and HepG2 HCC cells in vitro and involved activation of ERK1/2 and down-regulation of the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xueliang Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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Nanosized Alumina Particle and Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Prevented inflammation and Osteolysis Induced by Titanium Particle via Autophagy and NF-κB Signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5562. [PMID: 32221318 PMCID: PMC7101404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and NF-κB signaling are involving in the process of Particle Disease, which was caused by the particles released from friction interface of artificial joint, implant materials of particle reinforced composite, scaffolds for tissue engineering, or material for drug delivery. However, the biological interaction of different material particles and the mechanism of proteasome inhibitor, Bortezomib (BTZ), against Titanium (Ti) particle-induced Particle Disease remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated effect of nanosized Alumina (Al) particles and BTZ on reducing and treating the Ti particle-induced inflammatory reaction in MG-63 cells and mouse calvarial osteolysis model. We found that Al particles and BTZ could block apoptosis and NF- κB activation in osteoblasts in vitro and in a mouse model of calvarial resorption induced by Ti particles. We found that Al particles and BTZ attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). And Al prevented the IL-1β expression induced by Ti via attenuating the NF- κB activation β-TRCP and reducing the expression of Casepase-3. Expressions of autophagy marker LC3 was activated in Ti group, and reduced by Al and/not BTZ. Furthermore, the expressions of OPG were also higher in these groups than the Ti treated group. Collectively, nanosized Al could prevent autophagy and reduce the apoptosis, inflammatory and osteolysis induced by Ti particles. Our data offered a basic data for implant design when it was inevitable to use Ti as biomaterials, considering the outstanding mechanical propertie of Ti. What's more, proteasome inhibitor BTZ could be a potential therapy for wear particle-induced inflammation and osteogenic activity via regulating the activity of NF- κB signaling pathway.
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Oh JY, Kim EH, Lee YJ, Sai S, Lim SH, Park JW, Chung HK, Kim J, Vares G, Takahashi A, Jeong YK, Kim MS, Kong CB. Synergistic Autophagy Effect of miR-212-3p in Zoledronic Acid-Treated In Vitro and Orthotopic In Vivo Models and in Patient-Derived Osteosarcoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111812. [PMID: 31752184 PMCID: PMC6895802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) originates from osteoid bone tissues and is prone to metastasis, resulting in a high mortality rate. Although several treatments are available for OS, an effective cure does not exist for most patients with advanced OS. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a third-generation bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and has shown efficacy in treating bone metastases in patients with various types of solid tumors. Here, we sought to clarify the mechanisms through which ZOL inhibits OS cell proliferation. ZOL treatment inhibited OS cell proliferation, viability, and colony formation. Autophagy inhibition by RNA interference against Beclin-1 or ATG5 inhibited ZOL-induced OS cell death. ZOL induced autophagy by repressing the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6 kinase pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling-dependent autophagy in OS cell lines and patient-derived OS cells. Microarrays of miRNA showed that ZOL increased the levels of miR-212-3p, which is known to play an important role in autophagy, in OS in vitro and in vivo systems. Collectively, our data provided mechanistic insight into how increased miR-212-3p through ZOL treatment induces autophagy synergistically in OS cells, providing a preclinical rationale for conducting a broad-scale clinical evaluation of ZOL + miR-212-3p in treating OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Oh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea; (J.Y.O.); (J.K.)
- Division of Radiological Science and Clinical Translational Research Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (E.H.K.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Yeon-Joo Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Sei Sai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Sun Ha Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (E.H.K.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Jang Woo Park
- Korea Drug Development Platform using Radio-isotope, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea; (J.W.P.); (H.K.C.)
| | - Hye Kyung Chung
- Korea Drug Development Platform using Radio-isotope, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea; (J.W.P.); (H.K.C.)
| | - Joon Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea; (J.Y.O.); (J.K.)
| | - Guillaume Vares
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 1919-1, Japan;
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Youn Kyoung Jeong
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea;
| | - Mi-Sook Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
- Correspondence: or (M.-S.K.); (C.-B.K.)
| | - Chang-Bae Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
- Correspondence: or (M.-S.K.); (C.-B.K.)
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Alisol A Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203651. [PMID: 31658635 PMCID: PMC6833085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a precious source of promising leads for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Recently, triterpenoids in Alismatis rhizoma has been widely demonstrated for their anti-cancer activities in cancer cells. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of alisol A in human breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that alisol A exhibited significant anti-proliferative effects in MDA-MB-231 cells and this response was related to autophagy induction. Alisol A-induced autophagy was supported by the triggered autophagosome formation and increased LC3-II levels. Interestingly, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA significantly reversed the cytotoxic effects induced by alisol A. Meanwhile, alisol A-induced autophagy was significantly inhibited by 3-MA in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that alisol A arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. The expression level of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1 was significantly down regulated. In addition, the suppression of NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in MDA-MB-231 cells was observed. Furthermore, alisol A significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, our results demonstrated that alisol A could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. It could be a promising agent for breast cancer therapy.
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44
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Cuomo F, Altucci L, Cobellis G. Autophagy Function and Dysfunction: Potential Drugs as Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101465. [PMID: 31569540 PMCID: PMC6826381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic and energy-generating process that facilitates the degradation of damaged organelles or intracellular components, providing cells with components for the synthesis of new ones. Autophagy acts as a quality control system, and has a pro-survival role. The imbalance of this process is associated with apoptosis, which is a “positive” and desired biological choice in some circumstances. Autophagy dysfunction is associated with several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, liver disease, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the regulatory mechanisms underlying autophagy, with a particular focus on cancer and the autophagy-targeting drugs currently approved for use in the treatment of solid and non-solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cuomo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Sun X, Yan P, Zou C, Wong YK, Shu Y, Lee YM, Zhang C, Yang ND, Wang J, Zhang J. Targeting autophagy enhances the anticancer effect of artemisinin and its derivatives. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2172-2193. [PMID: 30972803 DOI: 10.1002/med.21580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives, with their outstanding clinical efficacy and safety, represent the most effective and impactful antimalarial drugs. Apart from its antimalarial effect, artemisinin has also been shown to exhibit selective anticancer properties against multiple cancer types both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, our previous studies highlighted the therapeutic effects of artemisinin on autophagy regulation. Autophagy is a well-conserved degradative process that recycles cytoplasmic contents and organelles in lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. The deregulation of autophagy is often observed in cancer cells, where it contributes to tumor adaptation to nutrient-deficient tumor microenvironments. This review discusses recent advances in the anticancer properties of artemisinin and its derivatives via their regulation of autophagy, mitophagy, and ferritinophagy. In particular, we will discuss the mechanisms of artemisinin activation in cancer and novel findings regarding the role of artemisinin in regulating autophagy, which involves changes in multiple signaling pathways. More importantly, with increasing failure rates and the high cost of the development of novel anticancer drugs, the strategy of repurposing traditional therapeutic Chinese medicinal agents such as artemisinin to treat cancer provides a more attractive alternative. We believe that the topics covered here will be important in demonstrating the potential of artemisinin and its derivatives as safe and potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyi Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin-Kwan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuhan Shu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yew Mun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chongjing Zhang
- Institute of Material Medical, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nai-Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jigang Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention & Therapy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Zhu Y, Zhao YF, Liu RS, Xiong YJ, Shen X, Wang Y, Liang ZQ. Olanzapine induced autophagy through suppression of NF-κB activation in human glioma cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:911-921. [PMID: 30955240 PMCID: PMC6698966 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Our laboratory previously reported that olanzapine treatment inhibited growth of glioma cell lines and hypothesized that autophagy may be involved in the proliferation inhibitory effects of olanzapine. However, the mechanisms of olanzapine‐contributed autophagy activation are unclear. Methods The inhibitory effects of olanzapine on glioma cells were evaluated by CCK8 assay, Hoechst 33258 staining and annexin V‐FITC/PI staining. Western blotting, nuclear separation techniques, and immunofluorescence assays were used to investigate the relationship between the inhibition of NF‐κB and autophagy activation by olanzapine. Results In this work, we verified that olanzapine increased autophagic flux and autophagic vesicles. In addition, we confirmed that autophagy was related to NF‐κB inhibition in cancer progression, especially with the nuclear translocation of p65. Furthermore, we demonstrated that autophagy induced by olanzapine could be impaired with TNFα cotreatment. We also found that olanzapine had an inhibitory effect on T98 cells with positive MGMT protein expression, which may involve the inhibition of MGMT through effects on NF‐κB. Conclusions Our findings identify a pathway by which olanzapine induces autophagy by depressing NF‐κB in a glioma cell line, providing evidence which supports the use of olanzapine as a potential anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui-Si Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Deng S, Shanmugam MK, Kumar AP, Yap CT, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Targeting autophagy using natural compounds for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer 2019; 125:1228-1246. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Program, Medical Science Cluster Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth West Australia Australia
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
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Hu W, Zhang L, Li MX, Shen J, Liu XD, Xiao ZG, Wu DL, Ho IHT, Wu JCY, Cheung CKY, Zhang YC, Lau AHY, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Fang EF, Chan MTV, Gin T, Gong W, Wu WKK, Cho CH. Vitamin D3 activates the autolysosomal degradation function against Helicobacter pylori through the PDIA3 receptor in gastric epithelial cells. Autophagy 2019; 15:707-725. [PMID: 30612517 PMCID: PMC6526874 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1557835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common human pathogenic bacterium. Once infected, it is difficult for the host to clear this organism using the innate immune system. Increased antibiotic resistance further makes it challenging for effective eradication. However, the mechanisms of immune evasion still remain obscure, and novel strategies should be developed to efficiently eliminate H. pylori infection in stomachs. Here we uncovered desirable anti-H. pylori effect of vitamin D3 both in vitro and in vivo, even against antibiotic-resistant strains. We showed that H. pylori can invade into the gastric epithelium where they became sequestered and survived in autophagosomes with impaired lysosomal acidification. Vitamin D3 treatment caused a restored lysosomal degradation function by activating the PDIA3 receptor, thereby promoting the nuclear translocation of PDIA3-STAT3 protein complex and the subsequent upregulation of MCOLN3 channels, resulting in an enhanced Ca2+ release from lysosomes and normalized lysosomal acidification. The recovered lysosomal degradation function drives H. pylori to be eliminated through the autolysosomal pathway. These findings provide a novel pathogenic mechanism on how H. pylori can survive in the gastric epithelium, and a unique pathway for vitamin D3 to reactivate the autolysosomal degradation function, which is critical for the antibacterial action of vitamin D3 both in cells and in animals, and perhaps further in humans. Abbreviations: 1,25D3: 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; ATG5: autophagy related 5; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CagA: cytotoxin-associated gene A; CFU: colony-forming unit; ChIP-PCR: chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction; Con A: concanamycin A; CQ: chloroquine; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; CTSD: cathepsin D; GPN: Gly-Phe-β-naphthylamide; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCOLN1: mucolipin 1; MCOLN3: mucolipin 3; MCU: mitochondrial calcium uniporter; MOI: multiplicity of infection; NAGLU: N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase; PDIA3: protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PRKC: protein kinase C; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; SS1: Sydney Strain 1; TRP: transient receptor potential; VacA: vacuolating cytotoxin; VD3: vitamin D3; VDR: vitamin D receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China;,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Xing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhan Gang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ding Lan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Idy H. T. Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Justin C. Y. Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cynthia K. Y. Cheung
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Chen Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alaster H. Y. Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA,Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA,Howard University Hospital, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Duane T. Smoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Matthew T. V. Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony Gin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Tony Gin Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China;,Wei Gong Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - William K. K. Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,William K. K. Wu FRCPath, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,CONTACT Chi Hin Cho Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
While the precise mode of action of artemisinin (ART) derivatives remains obscure, it is nonetheless commonly accepted that ART generates reactive oxygen intermediates that contribute to cell death. Also, numerous studies confirm that point mutations in the propeller domain of K13 protein play a key role in resistance to ART derivatives. Because of its homology with the KEAP1 protein, it is thought that this protein may have a role in the polyubiquitination of proteins and that its alteration may cause resistance of young parasite stages to the drug. In this chapter, we present our current knowledge of K13-related resistance to ART and its spread in Southeast Asia and discuss its possible emergence and/or diffusion in Africa.
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50
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Li B, Bu S, Sun J, Guo Y, Lai D. Artemisinin derivatives inhibit epithelial ovarian cancer cells via autophagy-mediated cell cycle arrest. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1227-1235. [PMID: 30395153 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most fatal gynecologic malignancy due to its late diagnosis and lack of curative therapy. The antimalaria compound artemisinin and its derivatives, such as artesunate (ART) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA), have proven to be potent anticancer drugs and act through various anticancer mechanisms. To identify novel targets of artemisinin derivatives in EOC cells, we investigated the effects of ART and DHA on SKOV3 and primary EOC cell growth via CCK-8 assay. Both ART and DHA inhibited EOC cell growth. A cell cycle distribution analysis showed that ART and DHA caused G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, ART and DHA induced autophagy in EOC cells, whereas autophagy inhibitors reversed the cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest induced by ART and DHA. Western blot analysis showed that ART and DHA also suppressed the cell cycle-related NF-κB-signaling pathway in EOC cells. These data suggest that artemisinin derivatives induce autophagy, block the cell cycle, and inhibit cell growth in EOC cells. Our research provides new targets for artemisinin derivatives for EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Li
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixia Bu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Sun
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Guo
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Lai
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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