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Kumari B, Tiwari A, Meena S, Ahirwar DK. Inflammation-Associated Stem Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Their Utility as Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3134. [PMID: 39335106 PMCID: PMC11429849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are critical for the development and homeostasis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Inflammatory molecules are known to regulate the activity of stem cells. A comprehensive review specifically describing the role of inflammatory molecules in the regulation of stem cells within the GI tract and in GI cancers (GICs) is not available. This review focuses on understanding the role of inflammatory molecules and stem cells in maintaining homeostasis of the GI tract. We further discuss how inflammatory conditions contribute to the transformation of stem cells into tumor-initiating cells. We also describe the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and stem cell-driven progression and metastasis of GICs. Furthermore, we report on studies describing the prognostic value of cancer stem cells and the clinical trials evaluating their therapeutic utility. This review provides a detailed overview on the role of inflammatory molecules and stem cells in maintaining GI tract homeostasis and their implications for GI-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beauty Kumari
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India; (B.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Aniket Tiwari
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India; (B.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Sakshi Meena
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya Indore, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Dinesh Kumar Ahirwar
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India; (B.K.); (A.T.)
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Chan YT, Zhang C, Wu J, Lu P, Xu L, Yuan H, Feng Y, Chen ZS, Wang N. Biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic options in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:189. [PMID: 39242496 PMCID: PMC11378508 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a global health challenge, causing a significant social-economic burden. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant type of primary liver cancer, which is highly heterogeneous in terms of molecular and cellular signatures. Early-stage or small tumors are typically treated with surgery or ablation. Currently, chemotherapies and immunotherapies are the best treatments for unresectable tumors or advanced HCC. However, drug response and acquired resistance are not predictable with the existing systematic guidelines regarding mutation patterns and molecular biomarkers, resulting in sub-optimal treatment outcomes for many patients with atypical molecular profiles. With advanced technological platforms, valuable information such as tumor genetic alterations, epigenetic data, and tumor microenvironments can be obtained from liquid biopsy. The inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of HCC are illustrated, and these collective data provide solid evidence in the decision-making process of treatment regimens. This article reviews the current understanding of HCC detection methods and aims to update the development of HCC surveillance using liquid biopsy. Recent critical findings on the molecular basis, epigenetic profiles, circulating tumor cells, circulating DNAs, and omics studies are elaborated for HCC diagnosis. Besides, biomarkers related to the choice of therapeutic options are discussed. Some notable recent clinical trials working on targeted therapies are also highlighted. Insights are provided to translate the knowledge into potential biomarkers for detection and diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and drug resistance indicators in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Junyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Pengde Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hongchao Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Stanley J, Lohith A, Debiaso L, Wang K, Ton M, Cui W, Gu W, Fu A, Pourmand N. High throughput isolation of RNA from single-cells within an intact tissue for spatial and temporal sequencing a reality. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289279. [PMID: 37527243 PMCID: PMC10393160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics is essential for understanding biological variability among cells in a heterogenous population. Acquiring high-quality single-cell sequencing data from a tissue sample has multiple challenges including isolation of individual cells as well as amplification of the genetic material. Commercially available techniques require the isolation of individual cells from a tissue through extensive manual manipulation before single cell sequence data can be acquired. However, since cells within a tissue have different dissociation constants, enzymatic and mechanical manipulation do not guarantee the isolation of a homogenous population of cells. To overcome this drawback, in this research we have developed a revolutionary approach that utilizes a fully automated nanopipette technology in combination with magnetic nanoparticles to obtain high quality sequencing reads from individual cells within an intact tissue thereby eliminating the need for manual manipulation and single cell isolation. With the proposed technology, it is possible to sample an individual cell within the tissue multiple times to obtain longitudinal information. Single-cell RNAseq was achieved by aspirating only1-5% of sub-single-cell RNA content from individual cells within fresh frozen tissue samples. As a proof of concept, aspiration was carried out from 22 cells within a breast cancer tissue slice using quartz nanopipettes. The mRNA from the aspirate was then selectively captured using magnetic nanoparticles. The RNAseq data from aspiration of 22 individual cells provided high alignment rates (80%) with 2 control tissue samples. The technology is exceptionally simple, quick and efficient as the entire cell targeting and aspiration process is fully automated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stanley
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Akshar Lohith
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Lucca Debiaso
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Kevan Wang
- NVIGEN Inc, Campbell, California, United States of America
| | - Minh Ton
- NVIGEN Inc, Campbell, California, United States of America
| | - Wenwu Cui
- NVIGEN Inc, Campbell, California, United States of America
| | - Weiwei Gu
- NVIGEN Inc, Campbell, California, United States of America
| | - Aihua Fu
- NVIGEN Inc, Campbell, California, United States of America
| | - Nader Pourmand
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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Yang YQ, Wen ZY, Liu XY, Ma ZH, Liu YE, Cao XY, Hou L, Xie H. Current status and prospect of treatments for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:129-150. [PMID: 36926237 PMCID: PMC10011906 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to its heterogeneous and highly aggressive nature, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high recurrence rate, which is a non-negligible problem despite the increasing number of available treatment options. Recent clinical trials have attempted to reduce the recurrence and develop innovative treatment options for patients with recurrent HCC. In the event of liver remnant recurrence, the currently available treatment options include repeat hepatectomy, salvage liver transplantation, tumor ablation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, stereotactic body radiotherapy, systemic therapies, and combination therapy. In this review, we summarize the strategies to reduce the recurrence of high-risk tumors and aggressive therapies for recurrent HCC. Additionally, we discuss methods to prevent HCC recurrence and prognostic models constructed based on predictors of recurrence to develop an appropriate surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhen-Hu Ma
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yan-E Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Ying Cao
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Li Hou
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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Association of alpha-fetoprotein and metastasis for small hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity-matched analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15676. [PMID: 36127436 PMCID: PMC9489872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is crucial for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Distinguishing the potential risk factors for distant metastasis in small HCC (diameter ≤ 5 cm) is of great significance for improving the prognosis. HCC patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry with tumors ≤ 5 cm in diameter between January 2010 and December 2015 were retrieved. Demographic and clinicopathological metrics were extracted, including age, sex, race, marital status, tumor size, histological grade, T stage, N stage, M stage, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and liver fibrosis score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors correlated with extrahepatic metastasis in small HCC. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to balance the confounding factors in baseline characteristics. A total of 4176 eligible patients were divided into a non-metastasis group (n = 4033) and a metastasis group (n = 143) based on metastasis status. In multivariate analysis, larger tumor size, poor histological differentiation, regional lymph node metastasis, and elevated serum AFP levels were identified as independent risk factors for distant metastasis (P < 0.05), while age, sex, race, marital status, and liver fibrosis score were not associated with extrahepatic metastasis. After propensity score analysis, the AFP level was no longer associated with metastatic risk. The present study provided no evidence for a correlation between the clinical threshold of AFP and metastasis in small hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Temraz S, Nasr R, Mukherji D, Kreidieh F, Shamseddine A. Liquid Biopsy Derived Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA as Novel Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:507-518. [PMID: 35758097 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2094706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is made at a relatively advanced stage resulting in poor prognosis. Alpha-fetoprotein and liver ultrasound have limited accuracy as biomarkers in HCC. Liver biopsy provides information on tumor biology; however, it is invasive and holds high threat of tumor seeding. Thus, more accurate and less invasive approaches are needed. AREAS COVERED Highly sensitive liquid biopsy assays have made possible the detection and analysis of cells or organelles such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and tumor-derived exosomes. Here, we focus on CTCs and ctDNA components of liquid biopsy and their clinical application as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in HCC. Unlike tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy involves attaining a sample at several time frames in an easy and a non-invasive manner. They have been efficacious in detecting and classifying cancer, in predicting treatment response, in monitoring disease relapse and in identifying mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies. EXPERT OPINION Although interesting and highly promising, liquid biopsy techniques still have many obstacles to overcome before their wide spread clinical application sees the light. It is expected that these techniques will be incorporated into traditional methodologies for better diagnostic, predictive and prognostic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Temraz
- Department of internal medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of internal medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kreidieh
- Department of internal medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Department of internal medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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Huang X, Xiang L, Liu W, Li M, Ren A, Chen Z, Zheng C, Chengcong C, Liu J, Yuan Y. Roles of diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox 1 in the development and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Hepatol 2022; 24:100314. [PMID: 33524552 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The oncogene diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox 1 (DMBX1) is widely overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. The present study aimed to analyze the expression and clinical importance of DMBX1 in nonneoplastic tissues and tumor tissues from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS DMBX1 expression in HCC and adjacent nontumor tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. Chi-square tests were applied to compare DMBX1 expression between the tumors and the adjacent normal tissues. We explored the correlation of DMBX1 expression with clinicopathological factors and its effect on the prognosis of HCC. Finally, we investigated the role of DMBX1 in HCC via knockdown experiments, which analyzed changes in cell invasion, cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin). The mRNAs that were coexpressed with DMBX1 in HCC, based on the TCGA cohort (n = 366), were obtained from the cBioPortal database. RESULTS The average score for DMBX1 expression was significantly different (P < 0.001) between HCC and paired adjacent nontumor tissues, and DMBX1 expression correlated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, tumor size, metastasis, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P < 0.05). A multivariate Cox regression analysis identified significant correlations of DMBX1 expression with tumor metastasis, TNM stage, and tumor capsule. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed an association between DMBX1 overexpression and shorter overall survival of patients with HCC (P < 0.05). In HCC cell lines, silencing DMBX1 markedly inhibited migration, proliferation and EMT markers. The mRNAs that were negatively (R ≤ -0.25, n = 1094) or positively (R ≥ 0.25, n = 2906) coexpressed with DMBX1 mRNA were selected for further Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, and the results revealed that the predicted functions of DMBX1 in HCC support the in vitro experimental results. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that DMBX1 overexpression is associated with HCC metastasis and poor prognosis, suggesting that DMBX1 represents a therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyang Xiang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anbang Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zide Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chu Zheng
- Academic Office, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chen Chengcong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinquan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xu Y, Guo Q, Wei L. The Emerging Influences of Alpha-Fetoprotein in the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205096. [PMID: 34680245 PMCID: PMC8534193 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and its mortality rate is the third-highest, after lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Currently, systematic targeted therapies for HCC mainly include multiple kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy. However, these drugs carry a black-box warning about the potential for inducing severe toxicity, and they do not significantly prolong the survival period of patients due to the highly heterogeneous characteristics of HCC etiology. In order to improve the prediction, effective treatment and prognosis of HCC, the tools and different biomarkers in clinical practices are recommended. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the earliest and the most widely used serum marker in the detection of HCC. Interestingly, serum AFP and cytoplasmic AFP show different, even opposite, roles in the cancer progression of HCC. This review focuses on biological characteristics, regulatory mechanisms for gene expression, emerging influences of AFP in HCC and its possible implications in HCC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Libin Wei
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-83271055
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Song X, Wang TX, Zhu XN, Tan SK. Immunological and prognostic significance of CBX2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1118-1129. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i19.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the sixth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, has risen from 1.6 to 4.6 per 100000 people worldwide over the past 30 years. Guangxi has a high incidence of HCC in China, and its death rate ranks first in the spectrum of causes of tumor death in Guangxi, accounting for about 40% of all deaths from malignant tumors. Exploring the role of chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2) in HCC immunity will provide potential value for the treatment of this malignancy.
AIM To investigate the expression of CBX2 and analyze its immunological and prognostic significance in HCC.
METHODS The expression of CBX2 in 75 cases of HCC and matched non-tumor tissues was detected by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The relationship of CBX2 expression with the clinicopathologic features of HCC and survival prognosis was analyzed. Then, the differential expression of CBX2 between HCC and normal tissues was verified in The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA). Next, we explored the association between CBX2 expression and immunocyte infiltration, determined the relationship between CBX2 expression and immunosuppressors and immunostimulators, and identified the immune events that CBX2 was involved in through relevant GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. A multi-gene risk prediction model was developed using a COX regression model, thereby generating a risk score that is an independent predictor of survival prognosis. ROC analysis was performed to assess the predictive accuracy of the risk score. Finally, a prognostic model with a calibration curve was constructed to predict the patients' survival probability at 3 and 5 years.
RESULTS The positive expression of CBX2 in HCC tissue was 66.7% (50/75), which was significantly higher than that in matched non-tumor tissues (25.3% (19/75); P < 0.01). The expression of CBX2 was associated with TNM stage and AFP status (P < 0.05). The survival time of patients in the CBX2 positive group was significantly lower than that of the CBX2 negative group, suggesting that CBX2 positive expression may be related to the prognosis of HCC patients. TCGA database verification reached the same conclusion. The expression of CBX2 was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of T helper 2 cells. CBX2 was identified to be associated with 10 immunosuppressors and 23 immunostimulators, and enriched analysis of related GO and KEGG pathways showed that CBX2 was associated with immune events such as intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A production, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, cell adhesion molecules, and rheumatoid arthritis.
CONCLUSION CBX2 positive expression may be a prognostic risk factor in HCC patients. Our findings provide evidence for the role of CBX2 in tumor immunity in HCC, suggesting that CBX2 may be a potential immunoprognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tian-Xian Wang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sheng-Kui Tan
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Pelizzaro F, Cardin R, Penzo B, Pinto E, Vitale A, Cillo U, Russo FP, Farinati F. Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We Now? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2274. [PMID: 34068786 PMCID: PMC8126224 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death worldwide. Diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are urgently needed in order to improve patient survival. Indeed, the most widely used biomarkers, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have limited accuracy as both diagnostic and prognostic tests. Liver biopsy provides an insight on the biology of the tumor, but it is an invasive procedure, not routinely used, and not representative of the whole neoplasia due to the demonstrated intra-tumoral heterogeneity. In recent years, liquid biopsy, defined as the molecular analysis of cancer by-products, released by the tumor in the bloodstream, emerged as an appealing source of new biomarkers. Several studies focused on evaluating extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA and non-coding RNA as novel reliable biomarkers. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the most relevant available evidence on novel circulating biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and therapeutic monitoring. Liquid biopsy seems to be a very promising instrument and, in the near future, some of these new non-invasive tools will probably change the clinical management of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pelizzaro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Romilda Cardin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Barbara Penzo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Elisa Pinto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.V.); (U.C.)
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.V.); (U.C.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
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11
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Labgaa I, Villanueva A, Dormond O, Demartines N, Melloul E. The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognostication. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040659. [PMID: 33562173 PMCID: PMC7914891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancer. Clinical guidelines for the management of HCC endorse algorithms deriving from clinical variables whose performances to prognosticate HCC is limited. Liquid biopsy is the molecular analysis of tumor by-products released into the bloodstream. It offers minimally-invasive access to circulating analytes like DNA, RNA, exosomes and cells. This technology demonstrated promising results for various applications in cancers, including prognostication. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the contribution of liquid biopsy in HCC prognostication. The results suggested that liquid biopsy may be a polyvalent and valuable tool to prognosticate HCC. Abstract Showing a steadily increasing cancer-related mortality, the epidemiological evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is concerning. Numerous strategies have attempted to prognosticate HCC but their performance is modest; this is partially due to the heterogeneous biology of this cancer. Current clinical guidelines endorse classifications and scores that use clinical variables, such as the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification. These algorithms are unlikely to fully recapitulate the genomic complexity of HCC. Integrating molecular readouts on a patient-basis, following a precision-medicine perspective, might be an option to refine prognostic systems. The limited access to HCC tissue samples is an important limitation to these approaches but it could be partially circumvented by using liquid biopsy. This concept consists of the molecular analysis of products derived from a solid tumor and released into biological fluids, mostly into the bloodstream. It offers an easy and minimally-invasive access to DNA, RNA, extracellular vesicles and cells that can be analyzed with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. This review aims to investigate the potential contributions of liquid biopsy in HCC prognostication. The results identified prognostic values for each of the components of liquid biopsy, suggesting that this technology may help refine HCC prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Labgaa
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (I.L.); (O.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Olivier Dormond
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (I.L.); (O.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (I.L.); (O.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emmanuel Melloul
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (I.L.); (O.D.); (E.M.)
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12
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Meng P, Zhang YF, Zhang W, Chen X, Xu T, Hu S, Liang X, Feng M, Yang X, Ho M. Identification of the atypical cadherin FAT1 as a novel glypican-3 interacting protein in liver cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:40. [PMID: 33420124 PMCID: PMC7794441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is being evaluated as an emerging therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). GPC3 has been shown to interact with several extracellular signaling molecules, including Wnt, HGF, and Hedgehog. Here, we reported a cell surface transmembrane protein (FAT1) as a new GPC3 interacting protein. The GPC3 binding region on FAT1 was initially mapped to the C-terminal region (Q14517, residues 3662-4181), which covered a putative receptor tyrosine phosphatase (RTP)-like domain, a Laminin G-like domain, and five EGF-like domains. Fine mapping by ELISA and flow cytometry showed that the last four EGF-like domains (residues 4013-4181) contained a specific GPC3 binding site, whereas the RTP domain (residues 3662-3788) and the downstream Laminin G-2nd EGF-like region (residues 3829-4050) had non-specific GPC3 binding. In support of their interaction, GPC3 and FAT1 behaved concomitantly or at a similar pattern, e.g. having elevated expression in HCC cells, being up-regulated under hypoxia conditions, and being able to regulate the expression of EMT-related genes Snail, Vimentin, and E-Cadherin and promoting HCC cell migration. Taken together, our study provides the initial evidence for the novel mechanism of GPC3 and FAT1 in promoting HCC cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Meng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wangli Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Mingqian Feng
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Hospital of Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Shi L, Shang X, Nie K, Lin Z, Zheng M, Wang M, Yuan H, Zhu Z. Identification of potential crucial genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:504-512. [PMID: 33004423 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is the main manifestation of primary liver cancer, with low survival rate and poor prognosis. Medical decision-making process of LIHC is so complex that new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis have yet to be explored, this study aimed to identify the genes involved in the pathophysiology of LIHC and biomarkers that can be used to predict the prognosis of LIHC. METHODS Six Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets selected from GEO were screened and integrated to find out the differential expression genes (DEGs) obtained from LIHC and normal hepatic tissues. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs was implemented by DAVID. The Protein-protein interaction network was performed via STRING. In addition, Cox regression model was used to construct a gene prognostic signature. RESULTS We ascertained 10 hub genes, nine of them (CDK1, CDC20, CCNB1, Thymidylate synthetase, Nuclear division cycle80, NUF2, MAD2L1, CCNA2 and BIRC5) as biomarkers of progression in LIHC patients. We also build a six gene prognosis signature (SOCS2, GAS2L3, NLRP5, TAF3, UTP11 and GAGE2A), which can be implemented to predict over survival effectively. CONCLUSIONS We revealed promising genes that may participate in the pathophysiology of LIHC, and found available biomarkers for LIHC prognosis prediction, which were significant for researchers to further understand the molecular basis of LIHC and direct the synthesis medicine of LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laner Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kechao Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqin Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meisi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoyu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangzhi Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Wang H, Xiang Y, Li X, Liu S, Liu L. High lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio is associated with low α‑fetoprotein expression in patients with hepatitis B virus‑associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2673-2684. [PMID: 32945410 PMCID: PMC7453599 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of the peripheral lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio (LMR) with α‑fetoprotein (AFP) status in patients with AFP‑positive and AFP‑negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been investigated in detail. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the LMR and AFP status in these patients. The samples were obtained from patients with a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, who were negative for non‑HBV hepatitis viruses and who did not suffer from autoimmune hepatitis. These patients were retrospectively reviewed and the differences of test indicators in the AFP‑negative and AFP‑positive groups were assessed. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression levels of CD4, CD8 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‑1), and ELISAs were used to analyze the expression levels of interleukin (IL)‑10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1. In addition, luciferase reporter assays were used to assess binding of the IL‑10 promoter to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene. Receiver operating characteristic curve and Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated that the AFP‑negative HCC group exhibited a higher LMR, lower D‑dimer and lower fibrin degradation products compared with the AFP‑positive HCC group. The cut‑off value of the LMR was 2.01 for AFP detection, with a sensitivity of 68.6% and a specificity of 75%. The high LMR noted in the AFP‑negative HCC group was accompanied by a lower proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8‑PD‑1 expression compared with the corresponding levels of these parameters in the AFP‑positive HCC group. Furthermore, the high levels of IL‑10 and low levels of TGF‑β1 were expressed in the AFP‑positive HCC group. The data indicated that the IL‑10‑592 promoter exhibited a potent induction of luciferase activity in 293T cells cotransfected with a GR‑overexpressing vector compared with the control cells. However, the relative luciferase activity was not altered following a mutation or polymorphism in the IL‑10 gene. These results suggested that a high LMR was indicative of low AFP expression in HBV‑associated HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Linxiu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Mocan T, Simão AL, Castro RE, Rodrigues CMP, Słomka A, Wang B, Strassburg C, Wöhler A, Willms AG, Kornek M. Liquid Biopsies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Are We Winning? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051541. [PMID: 32443747 PMCID: PMC7291267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. One of the major problems faced by researchers and clinicians in this area is the lack of reliable disease biomarkers, which would allow for an earlier diagnosis, follow-up or prediction of treatment response, among others. In this regard, the “HCC circulome”, defined as the pool of circulating molecules in the bloodstream derived from the primary tumor, represents an appealing target, the so called liquid biopsy. Such molecules encompass circulating tumor proteins, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), and circulating tumor nucleic acids, namely circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA). In this article, we summarize recent findings highlighting the promising role of liquid biopsies as novel potential biomarkers in HCC, emphasizing on its clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Mocan
- Octavian Fodor Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iuliu Haţieganu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - André L. Simão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.S.); (R.E.C.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Rui E. Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.S.); (R.E.C.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.S.); (R.E.C.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Bingduo Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Strassburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Aliona Wöhler
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital Koblenz, 56072 Koblenz, Germany; (A.W.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Arnulf G. Willms
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital Koblenz, 56072 Koblenz, Germany; (A.W.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Miroslaw Kornek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.W.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Su Y, Lv X, Yin W, Zhou L, Hu Y, Zhou A, Qi F. CircRNA Cdr1as functions as a competitive endogenous RNA to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8183-8203. [PMID: 31581132 PMCID: PMC6814590 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Recent years, circular RNA (circRNA) have been shown to exert vital functions in the pathological progressions of many diseases. A growing number of evidences have identified the representative function of exosomal circRNAs in the physiological state of donor cells, which further induces cellular responses after captured by recipient cells. However, the contributions of circRNAs to HCC remain largely unknown. In vitro and in vivo regulatory roles of circRNA Cdr1as in proliferative and migratory abilities of HCC were evaluated by CCK8, EdU, Transwell and tumourigenicity assays, respectively. Results showed circRNA Cdr1as was highly expressed in HCC cell lines and tissues. Overexpression of circRNA Cdr1as greatly accelerated HCC cells to proliferate and migrate. Mechanistically, we found that Cdr1as could promote the expression of AFP, a well-known biomarker for HCC, by sponging miR-1270. Further studies showed exosomes extracted from HCC cells overexpressing circRNA Cdr1as accelerated the proliferative and migratory abilities of surrounding normal cells. In all, circRNA Cdr1as serves as a ceRNA to promote the progression of HCC. Meanwhile, it is directly transferred from HCC cells to surrounding normal cells via exosomes to further mediate the biological functions of surrounding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiurui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Hu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ang Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - FuZhen Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Li J, Han X, Yu X, Xu Z, Yang G, Liu B, Xiu P. Clinical applications of liquid biopsy as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:213. [PMID: 30176913 PMCID: PMC6122633 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis and high mortality due to a low early diagnosis rate, resistance to systemic treatments and progression to late-stage liver disease. Owing to limitations in the detection of HCC and the lack of awareness of healthcare systems, fewer than 40% of HCC patients are eligible for surgery due to advanced stages of the disease at the time of diagnosis and the occurrence of multiple lesions in the cirrhotic or fibrotic liver. At present, the updated American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) guidelines no longer recommend alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing as a part of diagnostic evaluation. Thus, it is imperative to establish a novel diagnostic strategy with high sensitivity and reliability to monitor risk factors to detect HCC at an early stage. In recent years, “liquid biopsy,” (including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)), has emerged as a technique for the characterization of circulating cells, providing a strong basis for the individualized treatment of patients. As a noninvasive detection method, liquid biopsy is expected to play an important role in the early diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of cancer patients and drug screening. In this review, we will focus on the clinical applications, recent studies and future prospects of liquid biopsy, particularly focusing on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaona Yu
- Department of General Medicine, Weifang Rongfu Military Hospital, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Zongzhen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Bingqi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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mei T, Lu X, Sun N, Li X, Chen J, Liang M, Zhou X, Fang Z. Real-time quantitative PCR detection of circulating tumor cells using tag DNA mediated signal amplification strategy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:204-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Zhu X, Wang Z, Qiu X, Wang W, Bei C, Tan C, Qin L, Ren Y, Tan S. Rs2303428 of MSH2 Is Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis in a Chinese Population. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:634-641. [PMID: 29874113 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The defects of DNA repair genes may lead to genomic instability and cancer. As an important DNA mismatch repair gene that maintains genomic stability from DNA replication errors, genetic variants of mutS homolog 2 (MSH2) are associated with some cancers. In this study, 1021 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and 1021 non-HCC controls from Guangxi were included to explore the association between MSH2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HCC. Among the eight MSH2 SNPs, only genotype distribution of rs2303428 was significantly different from HCC and non-HCC patients (p < 0.05). Moreover, CT, TT, and CT/TT genotype of rs2303428 could increase HCC risk [OR (95% CI) = 1.758 (1.195-2.657), 1.846 (1.213-2.896), and 1.823 (1.219-2.763), respectively] and decrease the survival time of HCC patients [codominant, HR (95% CI) = 1.267 (1.046-1.535); dominant, HR (95% CI) = 1.675 (1.162-2.414)]. In addition, rs2303428 was found to interact with HBV infection and family history to increase HCC risk by gene-environment analysis (p < 0.05). Finally, multivariate COX regression analysis showed that rs2303428, tumor number, tumor staging, and metastasis had a significant influence on HCC prognosis. Our results provide MSH2 SNP, rs2303428, as a new prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Zhu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University , Guilin, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University , Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- 3 Department of Liver Transplantation, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Bei
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University , Guilin, China
| | - Chao Tan
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University , Guilin, China
| | - Linyuan Qin
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University , Guilin, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University , Guilin, China
| | - Shengkui Tan
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University , Guilin, China
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21
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Opoku-Damoah Y, Assanhou AG, Sooro MA, Baduweh CA, Sun C, Ding Y. Functional Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nanoconstructs for Efficient Probing of Circulating Tumor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14231-14247. [PMID: 29557165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The circulation of tumor cells in peripheral blood is mostly recognized as a prerequisite for cancer progression or systemic invasion, and it correlates with the pivotal hallmark of malignancies known as metastasis. Multiple detection schemes for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as the most discerning criteria for monitoring the outcome of anticancer therapy. Therefore, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of robust nanostructured platforms for observation of these mobile tumor cells through various simultaneous diagnosis and treatment regimens developed from conventional techniques. This review seeks to give detailed information about the nature of CTCs as well as techniques for exploiting specific biomarkers to help monitor cancer via detection, capturing, and analysis of unstable tumor cells. We will further discuss nanobased diagnostic interventions and novel platforms which have recently been developed from versatile nanomaterials such as polymer nanocomposites, metal organic frameworks, bioderived nanomaterials and other physically responsive particles with desirable intrinsic and external properties. Herein, we will also include in vivo nanotheranostic platforms which have received a lot of attention because of their enormous clinical potential. In all, this review sums up the general potential of key promising nanoinspired systems as well as other advanced strategies under research and those in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Opoku-Damoah
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Brisbane, QLD 4072
| | - Assogba G Assanhou
- UFR Pharmacie, Falculté des Sciences de la Santé , Université d'Abomey-Calavi , 01BP188 Cotonou , Benin
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22
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Zhao H, Chen C, Fu X, Yan X, Jia W, Mao L, Jin H, Qiu Y. Prognostic value of a novel risk classification of microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5474-5486. [PMID: 27729623 PMCID: PMC5354924 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present research aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of a novel risk classification of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection. Methods A total of 295 consecutive HCC patients underwent hepatectomy were included in our study. We evaluated the degree of MVI according to the following three features: the number of invaded microvessels (≤5 vs >5), the number of invading carcinoma cells (≤ 50 vs >50), the distance of invasion from tumor edge (≤1 cm vs >1 cm). Results All patients were divided into three groups according to the three risk factors of MVI: non-MVI group (n=180), low-MVI group (n=60) and high-MVI group (n=55). The overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates of high-MVI group were significantly poorer than those of low-MVI and non-MVI groups (P<0.001 and P=0.001; P<0.001 and P=0.003). Multivariate analysis showed high-MVI, type of resection, ICG-R15 and tumor size were risk factors for OS after hepatectomy. High-MVI, type of resection and tumor size were risk factors for RFS. In subgroup analyses, the OS and RFS rates of low-MVI and non-MVI groups were better than high-MVI group regardless of tumor size. In high-MVI group, anatomical liver resection (n=28) showed better OS and RFS rates compared with non-anatomical liver resection (n=29) (P=0.012 and P=0.002). Conclusions The novel risk classification of MVI based on histopathological features is valuable for predicting prognosis of HCC patients after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Second People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Fu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Jia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Mao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huihan Jin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Bei C, Zhang Y, Wei R, Zhu X, Wang Z, Zeng W, Chen Q, Tan S. Clinical significance of CMTM4 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5439-5443. [PMID: 29180877 PMCID: PMC5694205 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s149786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CMTM4 is the most conserved member of chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing (CMTM) family on chromosome 16q22.1, a locus that harbors a number of tumor-suppressor genes. In previous studies, CMTM4 was reported to be downregulated and exhibited tumor-suppressor activities by regulating cell growth and cell cycle in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. However, its roles in tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly studied. This study first investigated the expression of CMTM4 in HCC, and then examined the association between the expression of CMTM4 with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC patients. It was found that CMTM4 was downregulated in HCC tissues, compared with matched adjacent nontumor tissues, as detected by immunohistochemistry. In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the negative expression of CMTM4 was associated with decreased overall survival rates in patients with HCC. The results of this study suggest CMTM4 plays a role as a tumor suppressor in HCC and CMTM4 negative expression is a risk factor for poor prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Bei
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University
| | - Riming Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University
| | - Xiaonian Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Department of Pathology, 181st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkui Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University
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24
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Sun C, Liao W, Deng Z, Li E, Feng Q, Lei J, Yuan R, Zou S, Mao Y, Shao J, Wu L, Zhang C. The diagnostic value of assays for circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7513. [PMID: 28723763 PMCID: PMC5521903 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered potential biomarkers for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many studies have attempted to explore this role, but the results are variable. We conducted the first comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of CTC assay for HCC patients. Additional prognostic value was also assessed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN All articles included in our study were assessed using QUADAS guidelines after a literature search. Using bivariate generalized linear mixed model and random-effects model, effect measures such as pooled sensitivity/specificity, positive likelihood ratios/negative likelihood ratios (NLRs), diagnostic odds ratios, hazard ratios (HRs), risk ratios, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. We used receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC) to summarize overall test performance. Heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were also performed. RESULTS A total of 2256 subjects including 998 HCC patients in 20 studies were recruited in this meta-analysis. Although the overall diagnostic accuracy of the CTC assay was high (AUC 0.93, 95% CI: [0.90-0.95]), there was a high probability of error rate (NLR 0.33, 95% CI: [0.23, 0.48]). The results were more robust when nonmagnetic-activated isolation was used, compared with magnetic-activated isolation subgroup (NLR: 0.18 vs. 0.41; z = 2.118, P = .034). CTCs positivity was significantly associated with relapse-free survival (HR 2.417, 95% CI: [1.421-3.250]; P < .001), overall survival (HR 3.59, 95% CI: [1.984-6.495]; P < .001), and some clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION CTC assay is not recommended as an independent HCC diagnostic tool, but is associated with poor clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC patients and could indicate poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Sun
- Department of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Zefu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Enliang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Rongfa Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Shubing Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Linquan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
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25
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Anterior Approach to Improve the Prognosis in HCC Patients Via Decreasing Dissemination of EpCAM + Circulating Tumor Cells. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:1112-1120. [PMID: 28378318 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is supposed that the improvement of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient by anterior approach for liver resection was related to the decreasing hematogenic dissemination of circulating cancer cells. METHODS The EpCAM+ circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were detected in HCC patients having liver resection with either anterior approach (AA) or conventional approach (CA). The relation of CTCs to the 2-year recurrence and survival after surgery was investigated. RESULTS Overall, patients with ≥3.5 CTCs had much higher recurrence rate than those with <3.5 CTCs (62.0 vs. 18.0%, P = 0.001). Less CTCs were detected in AA group than that in CA group (mean, 2.1 vs. 3.0; median, 1.2 vs. 3.5; all P = 0.001). The 2-year recurrence rate in AA group was much lower than in CA group (27.1 vs. 44.9%, P = 0.009). The 2-year survival rate in AA group was much higher than in CA group (83.3 vs. 66.7%, P = 0.001). The CTCs in >5 cm AA group were much less than that in >5 cm CA group (3.7 vs. 2.4, P = 0.002). Moreover, the 2-year recurrence rate in >5 cm AA group was much lower than that in >5 cm CA group (29.2 vs. 54.7%, P = 0.001). Also, the 2-year survival rates in >5 cm AA group were much higher than that in >5 cm CA group (72.9 vs. 49.1%, P = 0.01). By multivariate analysis, CA is one of the independent risk factors for poor prognosis in HCC patients after liver resection. CONCLUSIONS Like the liver-directed therapies, AA can reduce the dissemination of CTCs, especially in patients with large-size HCC (>5 cm) and successively improve the early prognosis.
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Prognostic value and preoperative predictors of microvascular invasion in solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 5 cm without macrovascular invasion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61203-61214. [PMID: 28977857 PMCID: PMC5617417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value and preoperative predictors of microvascular invasion (MVI) in solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤ 5 cm without macrovascular invasion. Methods A total of 233 consecutive HCC patients underwent curative hepatectomy were included in our study. Independent risk factors influencing the prognosis were identified, and preoperative predictors for MVI were determined. Results Multivariate regression analysis identified ICG-R15, BCLC staging and MVI as independent risk factors for the overall survival rate. Type of resection and MVI were independent risk factors for the recurrence-free survival rate. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates in patients with MVI were significantly poorer than those in patients without MVI (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001). Anatomical resection obviously improved the overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates in patients with MVI compared with non-anatomical resection (P = 0.017 and P = 0.009). A prediction scoring system for MVI was built up according to the three independent predictors (tumor size > 3.5 cm, AFP > 200 ng/mL and GGT > 53 U/L). The prevalence of MVI in HCC patients with predictive score ≥ 2 was 58.3%, which was obviously higher than patients with predictive score < 2 (20.8%). Conclusions MVI is associated with a poor prognosis in solitary HCC ≤ 5 cm after hepatectomy. Anatomical resection could improve the prognosis of HCC patients with MVI. The preoperative prediction scoring model has practical value for the prediction of MVI.
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Zhu X, Liu W, Qiu X, Wang Z, Tan C, Bei C, Qin L, Ren Y, Tan S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in MLH1 predict poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80039-80049. [PMID: 29108386 PMCID: PMC5668119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant cancer causing deleterious health effect worldwide, especially in China. So far clinical cure rate and long-term survival rate of HCC remains low. Most HCC patients after cancer resection have recurrence or metastasis within 5 years. This study aims to explore the genetic association of mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) polymorphisms with HCC risk and prognosis. Four candidate MLH1 polymorphisms, rs1800734, rs10849, rs3774343 and rs1540354 were studied from a hospital-based case-control study including 1,036 cases (HCC patients) and 1,036 controls (non-HCC patients) in Guangxi, China. All these SNPs interacted with environmental risk factors, such as HBV infection, alcohol intake and smoking in the pathogenesis of HCC. However, only rs1800734 had significant difference between cases and controls. Compared to the AA genotype, patients with AG, GG and AG/GG genotype of rs1800734 had an increased risk of HCC [ORs (95% CI) = 1.217 (1.074∼1.536), 1.745 (1.301∼2.591) and 1.291 (1.126∼1.687)] and a decreased survival time [co-dominant, HR (95% CI) = 1.553 (1.257∼1.920); dominant, HR (95% CI) = 2.207 (1.572∼3.100)]. Furthermore, we found that tumor number, tumor staging, metastasis and rs1800734 were associated with the overall survival of HCC patients by multivariate COX regression analysis. No significant difference was found between the other three MLH1 polymorphisms with HCC risk and prognosis. Our study suggests MLH1 SNP, rs1800734 as a new predictor for poor prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Bei
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkui Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Zeng W, Zhu XN, Luo W, Chen QY, Zhang Y, Tan SK. Clinical significance of expression of CMTM7 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4568-4575. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i34.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression of CMTM7 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to analyze its clinical significance.
METHODS Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry method were used to detect 75 pairs of HCC tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues. The relationship of CMTM7 expression with clinical pathological features and overall survival of postoperative patients was analyzed statistically.
RESULTS The expression rate of CMTM7 in HCC tissues (20.00%, 15/75) was significantly lower than that in paired para-carcinoma normal tissues (81.33%, 61/75; P < 0.05). The expression of CMTM7 in HCC had no obvious correlation with gender, age, smoking history, drinking history, family history of hepatitis B virus infection or tumor, tumor number, pathological classification, or clinical stage. However, CMTM7 expression had a significant correlation with liver cirrhosis, distant metastasis, tumor size, TNM stage, and α-fetoprotein levels (P < 0.05). The survival time of postoperative HCC patients in the CMTM7 negative group was obviously lower than that of patients in the CMTM7 positive group, suggesting that CMTM7 expression may be related to the prognosis of HCC patients.
CONCLUSION The down-regulated expression of CMTM7 may be closely related with the occurrence and development of HCC.
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Sauzay C, Petit A, Bourgeois AM, Barbare JC, Chauffert B, Galmiche A, Houessinon A. Alpha-foetoprotein (AFP): A multi-purpose marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 463:39-44. [PMID: 27732875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-foetoprotein (AFP), one of the first protein tumour markers discovered, is widely used today in clinical practice. Its application for the screening and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent form of primary liver tumour, is a matter of extensive debate. In addition to the studies focused on the role of the AFP in the diagnosis of HCC, in recent years AFP has been used to guide the therapeutic choice in HCC and monitor the treatment. Here, we summarize the latest studies that show the interest of AFP quantification in determining the suitability of liver transplantation or to follow-up on patients receiving the targeted treatment sorafenib. We also highlight the recent studies showing the active role of AFP in tumour progression, and the new modes of regulation of this tumour marker. Among these is the regulation of AFP through tumour proteostasis and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). We discuss the implications of this new knowledge in the therapeutic context, in terms of interpreting serum levels of AFP, and the new perspectives offered by AFP for the study of tumour proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Sauzay
- Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Humaine (CBH), CHU Amiens Sud, France; EA4666, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
| | - Alexandra Petit
- Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Humaine (CBH), CHU Amiens Sud, France
| | | | | | | | - Antoine Galmiche
- Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Humaine (CBH), CHU Amiens Sud, France; EA4666, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France.
| | - Aline Houessinon
- Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Humaine (CBH), CHU Amiens Sud, France; EA4666, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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Mizejewski GJ. Does alpha-fetoprotein contribute to the mortality and morbidity of human hepatocellular carcinoma? A commentary. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2016; 3:37-40. [PMID: 27703963 PMCID: PMC5036612 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fifth most common cancer worldwide is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while being the third leading cause of global cancer-related deaths. Although HCC incidence is less frequent in North America, it is a common malignancy in Asia and Africa associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity due to ineffective therapies against cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. It is well established that serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the "gold standard" biomarker for liver cancer; however, less known are the biological activities of AFP regarding carcinogenesis, growth, proliferation, and metastasis. Clinicians are well aware that increasing AFP serum levels parallel disease progression of HCC patients, but many are less knowledgeable in the lethal growth-promoting properties of AFP as an autocrine stimulator of hepatoma cell proliferation. This commentary addresses the mortality and morbidity concerning AFP in the genesis, growth, progression, and spread of HCC and emphasizes the perilous consequences of AFP-supported growth in human liver cancer even after liver resection and transplantation. Thus, AFP is not just a biomarker for HCC but also an ardent promoter of liver cancer growth and progression.
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