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Mu Y, Liu J, Wu Q, Wang B, Hu T, Li Y, Yan X, Ma L, Tan Z. A dual αvβ1/αvβ6 integrin inhibitor Bexotegrast (PLN-74809) ameliorates organ injury and fibrogenesis in fibrotic kidney disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176983. [PMID: 39243926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, involving about 10% of the global population. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective drugs. Kidney fibrosis is the main pathology of CKD, where integrins play crucial roles in renal fibrogenesis. Recently, Bexotegrast (PLN-74809) as a dual integrin αvβ1/αvβ6 inhibitor could reduce the degree of lung fibrosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of PLN-74809 remains unclear in fibrotic kidney disease. Here, we have revealed that PLN-74809 administration dose-dependently delayed the progression of renal fibrosis in both adenine diet- and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced mice. Mechanistically, PLN-74809 targeted integrin αvβ1/αvβ6 to inhibit FAK/Src/Akt/β-catenin cascade in fibrotic kidneys. In summary, our results for the first time highlighted the αvβ1/αvβ6 inhibitor PLN-74809 exerted potential therapeutic against kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Mu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi 563003, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qimei Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi 563003, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - TingTing Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi 563003, China
| | - Yiman Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi 563003, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi 563003, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhouke Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi 563003, China; Organ Transplant Center, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi 563000, China; Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi 563003, China.
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2
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Stangl S, Nguyen NT, Brosch-Lenz J, Šimeček J, Weber WA, Kossatz S, Notni J. Efficiency of succinylated gelatin and amino acid infusions for kidney uptake reduction of radiolabeled αvβ6-integrin targeting peptides: considerations on clinical safety profiles. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3191-3201. [PMID: 38717591 PMCID: PMC11369040 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE 68Ga-Trivehexin is an investigational PET radiopharmaceutical (NCT05799274) targeting αvβ6-integrin for PET imaging of carcinomas. 177Lu-D0301 is a structurally related therapeutic peptide tetramer. However, it showed considerable kidney uptake in rodents, impeding clinical applicability. We therefore evaluated the impact of different kidney protection strategies on the biodistribution of both agents in normal and tumor-bearing mice. METHODS Ex-vivo biodistribution of 68Ga-Trivehexin (90 min p.i.) and 177Lu-D0301 (90 min and 24 h p.i.) was determined in healthy C57BL/6N and H2009 (human lung adenocarcinoma) xenografted CB17-SCID mice without and with co-infusion of 100 µL of solutions containing 2.5% arginine + 2.5% lysine (Arg/Lys), 4% succinylated gelatin (gelofusine, gelo), or combinations thereof. Arg/Lys was injected either i.p. 30 min before and after the radiopharmaceutical, or i.v. 2 min before the radiopharmaceutical. Gelo was administered either i.v. 2 min prior activity, or pre-mixed and injected together with the radiopharmaceutical (n = 5 per group). C57BL/6N mice were furthermore imaged by PET (90 min p.i.) and SPECT (24 h p.i.). RESULTS Kidney uptake of 68Ga-Trivehexin in C57BL/6N mice was reduced by 15% (Arg/Lys i.p.), 25% (Arg/Lys i.v.), and 70% (gelo i.v.), 90 min p.i., relative to control. 177Lu-D0301 kidney uptake was reduced by 2% (Arg/Lys i.p.), 41% (Arg/Lys i.v.), 61% (gelo i.v.) and 66% (gelo + Arg/Lys i.v.) 24 h p.i., compared to control. Combination of Arg/Lys and gelo provided no substantial benefit. Gelo furthermore reduced kidney uptake of 177Lu-D0301 by 76% (90 min p.i.) and 85% (24 h p.i.) in H2009 bearing SCID mice. Since tumor uptake was not (90 min p.i.) or only slightly reduced (15%, 24 h p.i.), the tumor/kidney ratio was improved by factors of 3.3 (90 min p.i.) and 2.6 (24 h p.i.). Reduction of kidney uptake was demonstrated by SPECT, which also showed that the remaining activity was located in the cortex. CONCLUSIONS The kidney uptake of both investigated radiopharmaceuticals was more efficiently reduced by gelofusine (61-85%) than Arg/Lys (25-41%). Gelofusine appears particularly suitable for reducing renal uptake of αvβ6-integrin targeted 177Lu-labeled peptide multimers because its application led to approximately three times higher tumor-to-kidney ratios. Since the incidence of severe adverse events (anaphylaxis) with succinylated gelatin products (reportedly 0.0062-0.038%) is comparable to that of gadolinium-based MRI or iodinated CT contrast agents (0.008% and 0.04%, respectively), clinical use of gelofusine during radioligand therapy appears feasible if similar risk management strategies as for contrast agents are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stangl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nghia Trong Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Brosch-Lenz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Notni
- TRIMT GmbH, Radeberg, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
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3
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Rehm J, Winzer R, Notni J, Hempel S, Distler M, Folprecht G, Kotzerke J. Concomitant metastatic head-and-neck cancer and pancreatic cancer assessed by αvβ6-integrin PET/CT using 68Ga-Trivehexin: incidental detection of a brain metastasis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3469-3471. [PMID: 38771514 PMCID: PMC11368998 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rehm
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Robert Winzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Hempel
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Distler
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunnar Folprecht
- Medical Clinic I, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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4
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Wang B, Jiang Y, Zhu J, Wu H, Wu J, Li L, Huang J, Xiao Z, He Y. Fully-automated production of [ 68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin for clinical application and its biodistribution in healthy volunteers. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1445415. [PMID: 39156699 PMCID: PMC11327152 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1445415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The αvβ6-integrin targeting trimeric ligand [68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin has emerged as a promising candidate for clinical application due to its clinical imaging potentials in various malignant cancers. Our objective was to develop a simplified and reproducible module-based automated synthesis protocol to expand its availability in clinical application. Methods The pH value and the precursor load of radiolabeling were explored using an iQS-TS fully-automated module. Radiochemical purity was evaluated by radio-HPLC and radio-TLC. The ethanol content, radionuclide purity and identity, bacterial endotoxins, sterility, and stability of the final product [68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin were all tested. Biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin in healthy volunteers was also conducted. Results The synthesis was explored and established using fully-automated module with outstanding radiochemical purity (>99%). Considering molar activity and economic costs, a pH of 3.6 and precursor dose of 30 μg were determined to be optimal. All relevant quality control parameters were tested and met the requirement of European Pharmacopoeia. In vitro stability test and imaging in healthy volunteer indicated the practical significance in clinical routines. Conclusions A fully-automated synthesis protocol for [68Ga]Ga-Trivehexin using the iQS-TS synthesis module was achieved and conformed to the clinical quality standards. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05835570. Registered 28 April 2023, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05835570.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binchen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqun Jiang
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiqin Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyuan Wu
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianying Huang
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Das SS, Ahlawat S, Thakral P, Malik D, Simecek J, Cb V, Koley M, Gupta J, Sen I. Potential Efficacy of 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT and Immunohistochemical Validation of αvβ6 Integrin Expression in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:733-740. [PMID: 38768077 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE αvβ6 integrin is exclusively expressed in epithelial cells and is upregulated in many carcinomas, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (H&NSCCs). Trivehexin is a recently synthesized trimerized αvβ6 integrin selective nonapeptide, which can be labeled with a positron emitter like 68 Ga. This is a pilot study to assess the potential role of 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT in patients with H&NSCC and PDAC and their correlation with αvβ6 integrin expression by the tumor tissue on immunohistochemistry (IHC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with suspected H&NSCC (n = 20) or PDAC (n = 12) underwent whole-body 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT scans on 2 separate days. All 32 patients underwent biopsy from the tumor site for histopathological diagnosis and IHC for αvβ6 integrin expression. The degree of αvβ6 integrin expression on IHC was scored using the immunoreactive score and modified 4-point immunoreactive score classification. RESULTS The 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET images demonstrated increased tracer uptake (mean SUV max 5.9 ± 3.3) in the primary and metastatic lesions with good lesion delineation in 8 out of the 9 cases of PDACs. However, FDG PET showed increased tracer uptake in 7 cases (6.2 ± 2.6). Among various cases of H&NSCC, increased uptakes of 68 Ga-Trivehexin (6.6 ± 4.5) and 18 F-FDG (12.7 ± 6.7) were seen in 17 out of the 18 patients. The 2 cases of inflammatory changes with suspected disease recurrence showed increased tracer uptake in 18 F-FDG PET (7.98 ± 3.1) and no significant uptake in 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET (2.2 ± 0.34).IHC showed higher expression of αvβ6 integrins in lesions with higher uptake of 68 Ga-Trivehexin. A higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET over 18 F-FDG PET was seen for detection of primary and metastatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS 68 Ga-Trivehexin is a promising noninvasive molecular imaging agent for tumors expressing αvβ6 integrin, especially in cases where 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan may be suboptimal due to its low uptake, or due to its nonspecific uptake around tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunita Ahlawat
- Histopathology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ishita Sen
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine
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Quigley NG, Zierke MA, Ludwig BS, Richter F, Nguyen NT, Reissig F, Šimeček J, Kossatz S, Notni J. The importance of tyrosines in multimers of cyclic RGD nonapeptides: towards αvβ6-integrin targeted radiotherapeutics. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2018-2029. [PMID: 38911160 PMCID: PMC11187563 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In a recent paper in this journal (RSC Med. Chem., 2023, 14, 2429), we described an unusually strong impact of regiospecific exchange of phenylalanines by tyrosines in 10 gallium-68-labeled trimers of certain cyclic RGD peptides, c[XRGDLAXp(NMe)K] (X = F or Y), on non-specific organ uptakes. We found that there was, in part, no correlation of liver uptake with established polarity proxies, such as the octanol-water distribution coefficient (log D). Since this observation could not be explained straightforwardly, we suggested that the symmetry of the compounds had resulted in a synergistic interaction of certain components of the macromolecules. In the present work, we investigated whether a comparable effect also occurred for a series of 5 tetramers labeled with lutetium-177. We found that in contrast to the trimers, liver uptake of the tetramers was well correlated to their polarity, indicating that the unusual observations along the trimer series indeed was a unique feature, probably related to their particular symmetry. Since the Lu-177 labeled tetramers are also potential agents for treatment of a variety of αvβ6-integrin expressing cancers, these were evaluated in mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Due to their tumor-specific uptake and retention in biodistribution and SPECT imaging experiments, these compounds are considered a step forward on the way to αvβ6-integrin-targeted anticancer agents. Furthermore, we noticed that the presence of tyrosines in general had a positive impact on the in vivo performance of our peptide multimers. In view of the fact that a corresponding rule was already proposed in the context of protein engineering, we argue in favor of considering peptide multimers as a special class of small or medium-sized proteins. In summary, we contend that the performance of peptide multimers is less determined by the in vitro characteristics (particularly, affinity and selectivity) of monomers, but rather by the peptides' suitability for the overall macromolecular design concept, and peptides containing tyrosines are preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gerard Quigley
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Stefanie Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Nghia Trong Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Falco Reissig
- TRIMT GmbH Carl-Eschebach-Str. 7 D-01454 Radeberg Germany
| | - Jakub Šimeček
- TRIMT GmbH Carl-Eschebach-Str. 7 D-01454 Radeberg Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
- TRIMT GmbH Carl-Eschebach-Str. 7 D-01454 Radeberg Germany
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Geyer M, Geyer F, Reuning U, Klapproth S, Wolff KD, Nieberler M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of ITGB6 in human OSCC cells reduced migration and proliferation ability. Head Face Med 2024; 20:37. [PMID: 38890650 PMCID: PMC11184753 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-024-00437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains challenging and survival rates have not been improved significantly over the past decades. Integrins have been recognized driving the cancer progression and high expression levels cause poor outcomes in patients afflicted with OSCC. Integrin αvβ6 and its subunit integrin beta 6 (ITGB6) were discovered to enhance the invasiveness by providing beneficial effects on downstream pathways promoting the cancer progression. The objective of this study was to establish a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of ITGB6 in the human OSCC cell line HN and investigate the effects on the migration and proliferation ability. METHODS ITGB6 knock out was performed using the CRISPR/Cas9-system, RNPs, and lipofection. Monoclonal cell clones were achieved by limiting dilution and knock out verification was carried out by sanger sequencing and FACS on protein level. The effects of the knock out on the proliferation and migration ability were evaluated by using MTT and scratch assays. In addition, in silico TCGA analysis was utilized regarding the effects of ITGB6 on overall survival and perineural invasion. RESULTS In silico analysis revealed a significant impact of ITGB6 mRNA expression levels on the overall survival of patients afflicted with OSCC. Additionally, a significantly higher rate of perineural invasion was discovered. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of ITGB6 was performed in the OSCC cell line HN, resulting in the generation of a monoclonal knock out clone. The knock out clone exhibited a significantly reduced migration and proliferation ability when compared to the wildtype. CONCLUSIONS ITGB6 is a relevant factor in the progression of OSCC and can be used for the development of novel treatment strategies. The present study is the first to establish a monoclonal CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ITGB6 knockout cell clone derived from an OSCC cell line. It suggests that ITGB6 has a significant impact on the proliferative and migratory capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Geyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabian Geyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Klapproth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Nieberler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
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Zhang Z, Wang Z, Liu T, Tang J, Liu Y, Gou T, Chen K, Wang L, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhang H. Exploring the role of ITGB6: fibrosis, cancer, and other diseases. Apoptosis 2024; 29:570-585. [PMID: 38127283 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrin β6 (ITGB6), a member of the integrin family of proteins, is only present in epithelial tissues and frequently associates with integrin subunit αv to form transmembrane heterodimers named integrin αvβ6. Importantly, ITGB6 determines αvβ6 expression and availability. In addition to being engaged in organ fibrosis, ITGB6 is also directly linked to the emergence of cancer, periodontitis, and several potential genetic diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the molecular-biological mechanism of ITGB6, which could provide novel insights for future clinical diagnosis and therapy. This review introduces the structure, distribution, and biological function of ITGB6. This review also expounds on ITGB6-related diseases, detailing the known biological effects of ITGB6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiayou Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tiantian Gou
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Kangli Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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9
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Quigley NG, Richter F, Kossatz S, Notni J. Complexity of αvβ6-integrin targeting RGD peptide trimers: emergence of non-specific binding by synergistic interaction. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2564-2573. [PMID: 38099056 PMCID: PMC10718521 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimerization is an established strategy to design bioactive macromolecules with enhanced avidity, which has been widely employed to increase the target-specific binding and uptake of imaging probes and pharmaceuticals. However, the factors governing the general biodistribution of multimeric probes are less well understood but are nonetheless decisive for their clinical application. We found that regiospecific exchange of phenylalanine by tyrosine (chemically equivalent to addition of single oxygen atoms) can have an unexpected, dramatic impact on the in vivo behavior of gallium-68 labeled αvβ6-integrin binding peptides trimers. For example, introduction of one and two Tyr, equivalent to just 1 and 2 additional oxygens and molecular weight increases of 0.38% and 0.76% for our >4 kDa constructs, reduced non-specific liver uptake by 50% and 72%, respectively. The observed effect did not correlate to established polarity measures such as log D, and generally defies explanation by reductionist approaches. We conclude that multimers should be viewed not just as molecular combinations of peptides whose properties simply add up, but as whole entities with higher intrinsic complexity and thus a strong tendency to exhibit newly emerged properties that, on principle, cannot be predicted from the characteristics of the monomers used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gerard Quigley
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München Trogerstr. 18 D-81675 München Germany
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München Trogerstr. 18 D-81675 München Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München Trogerstr. 18 D-81675 München Germany
- TRIMT GmbH Carl-Eschebach-Str. 7 D-01454 Radeberg Germany
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10
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Wu Y, Cao H, Yang S, Liu C, Han Z. Progress of near-infrared-II fluorescence in precision diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23209. [PMID: 38149207 PMCID: PMC10750080 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumour with high incidence and mortality worldwide; therefore, improving the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and implementing a targeted "individualized treatment" strategy is of great concern. NIR-II fluorescence imaging is a large-depth, high-resolution optical bioimaging tool. Around the NIR-II window, researchers have developed a variety of luminescent probes, imaging systems, and treatment methods with colorectal cancer targeting capabilities, which can be visualized and image-guided in clinical surgery. This article aims to overcome the difficulties in diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer. The present review summarizes the latest results on using NIR-II fluorescence for targeted colorectal cancer imaging, expounds on the application prospects of NIR-II optical imaging for colorectal cancer, and discusses the imaging-guided multifunctional diagnosis and treatment platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Chaohui Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Zhenguo Han
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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11
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Jumaniyazova E, Lokhonina A, Dzhalilova D, Kosyreva A, Fatkhudinov T. Role of Microenvironmental Components in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1616. [PMID: 38003931 PMCID: PMC10672525 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of the ten most common malignant neoplasms, characterized by an aggressive course, high recurrence rate, poor response to treatment, and low survival rate. This creates the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HNSCC consists of stromal and immune cells, blood and lymphatic vessels, and extracellular matrix. It is known that HNSCC is characterized by complex relationships between cancer cells and TME components. TME components and their dynamic interactions with cancer cells enhance tumor adaptation to the environment, which provides the highly aggressive potential of HNSCC and resistance to antitumor therapy. Basic research aimed at studying the role of TME components in HNSCC carcinogenesis may serve as a key to the discovery of both new biomarkers-predictors of prognosis and targets for new antitumor drugs. This review article focuses on the role and interaction with cancer of TME components such as newly formed vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enar Jumaniyazova
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Anastasiya Lokhonina
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.K.); (T.F.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzhuliia Dzhalilova
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.K.); (T.F.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kosyreva
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.K.); (T.F.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (A.K.); (T.F.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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12
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D’Amore V, Donati G, Lenci E, Ludwig BS, Kossatz S, Baiula M, Trabocchi A, Kessler H, Di Leva FS, Marinelli L. Molecular View on the iRGD Peptide Binding Mechanism: Implications for Integrin Activity and Selectivity Profiles. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6302-6315. [PMID: 37788340 PMCID: PMC10598797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-selective peptides are widely used as smart carriers for specific tumor-targeted delivery. A remarkable example is the cyclic nonapeptide iRGD (CRGDKPGDC, 1) that couples intrinsic cytotoxic effects with striking tumor-homing properties. These peculiar features are based on a rather complex multistep mechanism of action, where the primary event is the recognition of RGD integrins. Despite the high number of preclinical studies and the recent success of a phase I trial for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), there is little information available about the iRGD three-dimensional (3D) structure and integrin binding properties. Here, we re-evaluate the peptide's affinity for cancer-related integrins including not only the previously known targets αvβ3 and αvβ5 but also the αvβ6 isoform, which is known to drive cell growth, migration, and invasion in many malignancies including PDAC. Furthermore, we use parallel tempering in the well-tempered ensemble (PT-WTE) metadynamics simulations to characterize the in-solution conformation of iRGD and extensive molecular dynamics calculations to fully investigate its binding mechanism to integrin partners. Finally, we provide clues for fine-tuning the peptide's potency and selectivity profile, which, in turn, may further improve its tumor-homing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo
Maria D’Amore
- Department
of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi
di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Greta Donati
- Department
of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi
di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Lenci
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Stefanie Ludwig
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar
and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar
and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University
of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Francesco Saverio Di Leva
- Department
of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi
di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi
di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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13
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Jalil AT, Abdulhadi MA, Al-Ameer LR, Taher WM, Abdulameer SJ, Abosaooda M, Fadhil AA. Peptide-Based Therapeutics in Cancer Therapy. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00873-1. [PMID: 37768503 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A monster called cancer is still one of the most challenging human problems and one of the leading causes of death in the world. Different types of treatment methods are used for cancer therapy; however, there are challenges such as high cost and harmful side effects in using these methods. Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of therapeutic peptides for a wide range of diseases, notably cancer. Peptides are preferred over antibiotics, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer due to a number of aspects, including flexibility, easy modification, low immunogenicity, and inexpensive cost of production. The use of therapeutic peptides in cancer treatment is a novel and intriguing strategy. These peptides provide excellent prospects for targeted drug delivery because of their high selectivity, specificity, small dimensions, good biocompatibility, and simplicity of modification. Target specificity and minimal toxicity are benefits of therapeutic peptides. Additionally, peptides can be used to design antigens or adjuvants for vaccine development. Here, types of therapeutic peptides for cancer therapy will be discussed, such as peptide-based cancer vaccines and tumor-targeting peptides (TTP) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq.
| | - Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Lubna R Al-Ameer
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Sada Jasim Abdulameer
- Biology Department, College of Education for Pure Science, Wasit University, Kut, Wasit, Iraq
| | | | - Ali A Fadhil
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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14
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Almeida GDO, de Oliveira IS, Arantes EC, Sampaio SV. Snake venom disintegrins update: insights about new findings. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2023; 29:e20230039. [PMID: 37818211 PMCID: PMC10561651 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom disintegrins are low molecular weight, non-enzymatic proteins rich in cysteine, present in the venom of snakes from the families Viperidae, Crotalidae, Atractaspididae, Elapidae, and Colubridae. This family of proteins originated in venom through the proteolytic processing of metalloproteinases (SVMPs), which, in turn, evolved from a gene encoding an A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) molecule. Disintegrins have a recognition motif for integrins in their structure, allowing interaction with these transmembrane adhesion receptors and preventing their binding to proteins in the extracellular matrix and other cells. This interaction gives disintegrins their wide range of biological functions, including inhibition of platelet aggregation and antitumor activity. As a result, many studies have been conducted in an attempt to use these natural compounds as a basis for developing therapies for the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the FDA has approved Tirofiban and Eptifibatide as antiplatelet compounds, and they are synthesized from the structure of echistatin and barbourin, respectively. In this review, we discuss some of the main functional and structural characteristics of this class of proteins and their potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Oliveira Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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15
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Cheng Y, Qu Z, Jiang Q, Xu T, Zheng H, Ye P, He M, Tong Y, Ma Y, Bao A. Functional Materials for Subcellular Targeting Strategies in Cancer Therapy: Progress and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305095. [PMID: 37665594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies have made significant progress in cancer treatment. However, tumor adjuvant therapy still faces challenges due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer, genomic instability, and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Functional materials possess unique biological properties such as long circulation times, tumor-specific targeting, and immunomodulation. The combination of functional materials with natural substances and nanotechnology has led to the development of smart biomaterials with multiple functions, high biocompatibilities, and negligible immunogenicities, which can be used for precise cancer treatment. Recently, subcellular structure-targeting functional materials have received particular attention in various biomedical applications including the diagnosis, sensing, and imaging of tumors and drug delivery. Subcellular organelle-targeting materials can precisely accumulate therapeutic agents in organelles, considerably reduce the threshold dosages of therapeutic agents, and minimize drug-related side effects. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research progress in subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy based on functional nanomaterials. Moreover, it explains the challenges and prospects of subcellular organelle-targeting functional materials in precision oncology. The review will serve as an excellent cutting-edge guide for researchers in the field of subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Mingdi He
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Anyu Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
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16
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Urquiza M, Benavides-Rubio D, Jimenez-Camacho S. Structural analysis of peptide binding to integrins for cancer detection and treatment. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:699-708. [PMID: 37681100 PMCID: PMC10480133 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell receptors involved in several metabolic pathways often associated with cell proliferation. Some of these integrins are downregulated during human physical development, but when these integrins are overexpressed in adult humans, they can be associated with several diseases, such as cancer. Molecules that specifically bind to these integrins are useful for cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. This review focuses on the structures of integrin-peptidic ligand complexes to dissect how the binding occurs and the molecular basis of the specificity and affinity of these peptidic ligands. Understanding these interactions at the molecular level is fundamental to be able to design new peptides that are more specific and more sensitive to a particular integrin. The integrin complexes covered in this review are α5β1, αIIbβ3, αvβ3, αvβ6, and αvβ8, because the molecular structures of the complex have been experimentally determined and their presence on tumor cancer cells are associated with a poor prognosis, making them targets for cancer detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Urquiza
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30# 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniela Benavides-Rubio
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30# 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silvia Jimenez-Camacho
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30# 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
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17
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Zhang B, Huang B, Zhang X, Li S, Zhu J, Chen X, Song H, Shang D. PANoptosis-related molecular subtype and prognostic model associated with the immune microenvironment and individualized therapy in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1217654. [PMID: 37519797 PMCID: PMC10382139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1217654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PANoptosis is an inflammatory type of programmed cell death regulated by PANopotosome. Mounting evidence has shown that PANoptosis could be involved in cancer pathogenesis and the tumor immune microenvironment. Nevertheless, there have been no studies on the mechanism of PANoptosis on pancreatic cancer (PC) pathogenesis. Methods We downloaded the data on transcriptomic and clinical features of PC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Additionally, the data on copy number variation (CNV), methylation and somatic mutations of genes in 33 types of cancers were obtained from TCGA. Next, we identified the PANoptosis-related molecular subtype using the consensus clustering analysis, and constructed and validated the PANoptosis-related prognostic model using LASSO and Cox regression analyses. Moreover, RT-qPCR was performed to determine the expression of genes involved in the model. Results We obtained 66 PANoptosis-related genes (PANRGs) from published studies. Of these, 24 PC-specific prognosis-related genes were identified. Pan-cancer analysis revealed complex genetic changes, including CNV, methylation, and mutation in PANRGs were identified in various cancers. By consensus clustering analysis, PC patients were classified into two PANoptosis-related patterns: PANcluster A and B. In PANcluster A, the patient prognosis was significantly worse compared to PANcluster B. The CIBERSORT algorithm showed a significant increase in the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and naïve B cells, in patients in PANcluster B. Additionally, the infiltration of macrophages, activated mast cells, and dendritic cells were higher in patients in PANcluster A. Patients in PANcluster A were more sensitive to erlotinib, selumetinib and trametinib, whereas patients in PANcluster B were highly sensitive to irinotecan, oxaliplatin and sorafenib. Moreover, we constructed and validated the PANoptosis-related prognostic model to predict the patient's survival. Finally, the GEPIA and Human Protein Atlas databases were analyzed, and RT-qPCR was performed. Compared to normal tissues, a significant increase in CXCL10 and ITGB6 (associated with the model) expression was observed in PC tissues. Conclusion We first identified the PANoptosis-related molecular subtypes and established a PANoptosis-related prognostic model for predicting the survival of patients with PC. These results would aid in exploring the mechanisms of PANoptosis in PC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bingqian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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18
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Yu C, Jiang W, Li B, Hu Y, Liu D. The Role of Integrins for Mediating Nanodrugs to Improve Performance in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111721. [PMID: 37299624 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that mediate adhesive connections between cells and their surroundings, including surrounding cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). They modulate tissue mechanics and regulate intracellular signaling, including cell generation, survival, proliferation, and differentiation, and the up-regulation of integrins in tumor cells has been confirmed to be associated with tumor development, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Thus, integrins are expected to be an effective target to improve the efficacy of tumor therapy. A variety of integrin-targeting nanodrugs have been developed to improve the distribution and penetration of drugs in tumors, thereby, improving the efficiency of clinical tumor diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we focus on these innovative drug delivery systems and reveal the improved efficacy of integrin-targeting methods in tumor therapy, hoping to provide prospective guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of integrin-targeting tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Institute of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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19
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Abstract
T cells and natural killer (NK) cells have complementary roles in tumor immunity, and dual T cell and NK cell attack thus offers opportunities to deepen the impact of immunotherapy. Recent work has also shown that NK cells play an important role in recruiting dendritic cells to tumors and thus enhance induction of CD8 T cell responses, while IL-2 secreted by T cells activates NK cells. Targeting of immune evasion mechanisms from the activating NKG2D receptor and its MICA and MICB ligands on tumor cells offers opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Interestingly, T cells and NK cells share several important inhibitory and activating receptors that can be targeted to enhance T cell- and NK cell-mediated immunity. These inhibitory receptor-ligand systems include CD161-CLEC2D, TIGIT-CD155, and NKG2A/CD94-HLA-E. We also discuss emerging therapeutic strategies based on inhibitory and activating cytokines that profoundly impact the function of both lymphocyte populations within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kyrysyuk
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Zhang X, Yang L, Zhang D, Wang X, Bu X, Zhang X, Cui L. Prognostic assessment capability of a five-gene signature in pancreatic cancer: a machine learning based-study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:68. [PMID: 36906533 PMCID: PMC10007739 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prognostic assessment method with good sensitivity and specificity plays an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. Finding a way to evaluate the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is of great significance for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. METHODS In this study, GTEx dataset and TCGA dataset were merged together for differential gene expression analysis. Univariate Cox regression and Lasso regression were used to screen variables in the TCGA dataset. Screening the optimal prognostic assessment model is then performed by gaussian finite mixture model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used as an indicator to assess the predictive ability of the prognostic model, the validation process was performed on the GEO datasets. RESULTS Gaussian finite mixture model was then used to build 5-gene signature (ANKRD22, ARNTL2, DSG3, KRT7, PRSS3). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves suggested the 5-gene signature performed well on both the training and validation datasets. CONCLUSIONS This 5-gene signature performed well on both our chosen training dataset and validation dataset and provided a new way to predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanfeng Zhang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, No.199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Department of Radiology, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, No.199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Bu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, No.199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Cui
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, No.199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Fan D, Zhang C, Luo Q, Li B, Ai L, Li D, Jia W. In vivo evaluation of integrin αvβ6-targeting peptide in NSCLC and brain metastasis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1070967. [PMID: 36968997 PMCID: PMC10036820 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIntegrin αvβ6, which is upregulated in malignancies and remains absent or weak in normal tissue, is a promising target in molecular imaging therapeutics. In vivo imaging of integrin αvβ6 could therefore be valuable for early tumor detection and intraoperative guidance.MethodsIn this study, integrin αvβ6-targeting probe G2-SFLAP3 was labeled with near-infrared (NIR) dye Cy5.5 or radioisotope 68Ga. The resulting probes were evaluated in integrin αvβ6-positive A549 and αvβ6-negative H1703 xenograft mice models.ResultsThe cellar uptake of G2-SFLAP3-Cy5.5 was consistent with the expression of integrin αvβ6. Both subcutaneous and brain metastatic A549 tumors could be clearly visualized by NIR fluorescent imaging of G2-SFLAP3-Cy5.5. A549 tumors demonstrated the highest G2-SFLAP3-Cy5.5 accumulation at 4h post-injection (p.i.) and remain detectable at 84h p.i. The fluorescent signal of G2-SFLAP3-Cy5.5 was significantly reduced in H1703 and A549-blocking groups. Consistently, small-animal PET imaging showed tumor-specific accumulation of 68Ga-DOTA-G2-SFLAP3.DiscussionG2-SFLAP3 represents a promising agent for noninvasive imaging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengkai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baowang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ai, ; Deling Li, ; Wang Jia,
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ai, ; Deling Li, ; Wang Jia,
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ai, ; Deling Li, ; Wang Jia,
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22
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Guffroy M, Trela B, Kambara T, Stawski L, Chen H, Luus L, Montesinos MS, Olson L, He Y, Maisonave K, Carr T, Lu M, Ray AS, Hazelwood LA. Selective inhibition of integrin αvβ6 leads to rapid induction of urinary bladder tumors in cynomolgus macaques. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:400-413. [PMID: 36515490 PMCID: PMC9936210 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of a novel and selective small molecule integrin αvβ6 inhibitor, MORF-627, to young cynomolgus monkeys for 28 days resulted in the rapid induction of epithelial proliferative changes in the urinary bladder of 2 animals, in the absence of test agent genotoxicity. Microscopic findings included suburothelial infiltration by irregular nests and/or trabeculae of epithelial cells, variable cytologic atypia, and high mitotic rate, without invasion into the tunica muscularis. Morphologic features and patterns of tumor growth were consistent with a diagnosis of early-stage invasive urothelial carcinoma. Ki67 immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffusely increased epithelial proliferation in the urinary bladder of several monkeys, including those with tumors, and αvβ6 was expressed in some epithelial tissues, including urinary bladder, in monkeys and humans. Spontaneous urothelial carcinomas are extremely unusual in young healthy monkeys, suggesting a direct link of the finding to the test agent. Inhibition of integrin αvβ6 is intended to locally and selectively block transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, which is implicated in epithelial proliferative disorders. Subsequent in vitro studies using a panel of integrin αvβ6 inhibitors in human bladder epithelial cells replicated the increased urothelial proliferation observed in monkeys and was reversed through exogenous application of TGF-β. Moreover, analysis of in vivo models of liver and lung fibrosis revealed evidence of epithelial hyperplasia and cell cycle dysregulation in mice treated with integrin αvβ6 or TGF-β receptor I inhibitors. The cumulative evidence suggests a direct link between integrin αvβ6 inhibition and decreased TGF-β signaling in the local bladder environment, with implications for epithelial proliferation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Trela
- AbbVie, Inc, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| | | | - Lukasz Stawski
- Morphic Therapeutic, Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Huidong Chen
- Morphic Therapeutic, Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Lia Luus
- Morphic Therapeutic, Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Yupeng He
- AbbVie, Inc, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| | | | - Tracy Carr
- AbbVie, Inc, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| | - Min Lu
- Morphic Therapeutic, Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Adrian S Ray
- Morphic Therapeutic, Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
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23
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Lawaetz M, Christensen A, Juhl K, Karnov K, Lelkaitis G, Kanstrup Fiehn AM, Kjaer A, von Buchwald C. Potential of uPAR, αvβ6 Integrin, and Tissue Factor as Targets for Molecular Imaging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Evaluation of Nine Targets in Primary Tumors and Metastases by Immunohistochemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043853. [PMID: 36835265 PMCID: PMC9962929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
No clinically approved tumor-specific imaging agents for head and neck cancer are currently available. The identification of biomarkers with a high and homogenous expression in tumor tissue and minimal expression in normal tissue is essential for the development of new molecular imaging targets in head and neck cancer. We investigated the expression of nine imaging targets in both primary tumor and matched metastatic tissue of 41 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to assess their potential as targets for molecular imaging. The intensity, proportion, and homogeneity in the tumor and the reaction in neighboring non-cancerous tissue was scored. The intensity and proportion were multiplied to obtain a total immunohistochemical (IHC) score ranging from 0-12. The mean intensity in the tumor tissue and normal epithelium were compared. The expression rate was high for the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) (97%), integrin αvβ6 (97%), and tissue factor (86%) with a median total immunostaining score (interquartile range) for primary tumors of 6 (6-9), 12 (12-12), and 6 (2.5-7.5), respectively. For the uPAR and tissue factor, the mean staining intensity score was significantly higher in tumors compared to normal epithelium. The uPAR, integrin αvβ6, and tissue factor are promising imaging targets for OSCC primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Lawaetz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Anders Christensen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Juhl
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirstine Karnov
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giedrius Lelkaitis
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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RGD Forever!-Past, Present, and Future of a 3-Letter-Code in Radiopharmacy and Life Sciences. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010056. [PMID: 36678553 PMCID: PMC9866491 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
"RGD" is frequently pictured as a ligand for αvβ3-integrin and useful for molecular targeting of angiogenesis-which is about as simplistic as the idea that laser beams are green or red and particularly useful for arming spaceships. There is, however, much more to RGD. In particular, targeting angiogenesis is likely not the most significant stronghold of RGD-comprising constructs. RGD is the one-letter code of a very short peptide sequence, arginine-lysine-aspartate, which is recognized by eight different integrins, namely, α(IIb)β3, α5β1, α8β1, and the five dimers that αv forms with β1, β3, β5, β6, and β8. These 8 RGD receptors form an own subset among the entire class of 24 known integrins, which furthermore comprises another three distinct groups (4 collagen receptors, 4 laminin receptors, and 8 leukocyte receptors). However, the 8 RGD-recognizing integrins are far from being alike. They do not even share the same tissue prevalences and functions, but are expressed on fundamentally different cell types and fulfill the most diverse biological tasks. For example, α(IIb)β3 is found on platelets and mediates thrombus formation, whereas αvβ6- and αvβ8-integrin are expressed on epithelial cells, activate TFG-β, and thus may promote cancer progression and invasion as well as fibrosis. Recent non-clinical experiments and clinical findings suggest that the highly specific expression of αvβ6-integrin by some carcinoma types, in combination with the availability of the corresponding small-molecule ligands, may open a multitude of new and promising avenues for improved cancer diagnosis and therapy, including, but not limited to, radiopharmaceutical approaches.
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Nakamoto R, Ferri V, Duan H, Hatami N, Goel M, Rosenberg J, Kimura R, Wardak M, Haywood T, Kellow R, Shen B, Park W, Iagaru A, Gambhir SS. Pilot-phase PET/CT study targeting integrin α vβ 6 in pancreatic cancer patients using the cystine-knot peptide-based 18F-FP-R 01-MG-F2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 50:184-193. [PMID: 34729628 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel cystine-knot peptide-based PET radiopharmaceutical, 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 (knottin), was developed to selectively bind to human integrin αvβ6 which is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, biodistribution, dosimetry, and lesion uptake of 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS Fifteen patients (6 men, 9 women) with histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer were prospectively enrolled and underwent knottin PET/CT between March 2017 and February 2021 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02683824). Vital signs and laboratory results were collected before and after the imaging scans. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean) were measured in 24 normal tissues and pancreatic cancer lesions for each patient. From the biodistribution data, the organ doses and whole-body effective dose were calculated using OLINDA/EXM software. RESULTS There were no significant changes in vital signs or laboratory values that qualified as adverse events or serious adverse events. At 1 h post-injection, areas of high 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 uptake included the pituitary gland, stomach, duodenum, kidneys, and bladder (average SUVmean: 9.7-14.5). Intermediate uptake was found in the normal pancreas (average SUVmean: 4.5). Mild uptake was found in the lungs and liver (average SUVmean < 1.0). The effective dose was calculated to be 2.538 × 10-2 mSv/MBq. Knottin PET/CT detected all known pancreatic tumors in the 15 patients, although it did not detect small peri-pancreatic lymph nodes of less than 1 cm in short diameter in two of three patients who had lymph node metastases at surgery. Knottin PET/CT detected distant metastases in the lungs (n = 5), liver (n = 4), and peritoneum (n = 2), confirmed by biopsy and/or contrast-enhanced CT. CONCLUSION 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 is a safe PET radiopharmaceutical with an effective dose comparable to other diagnostic agents. Evaluation of the primary pancreatic cancer and distant metastases with 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 PET is feasible, but larger studies are required to define the role of this approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02683824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Nakamoto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2200, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Valentina Ferri
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2200, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Heying Duan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2200, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Negin Hatami
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2200, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Mahima Goel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2200, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Jarrett Rosenberg
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2200, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Richard Kimura
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Mirwais Wardak
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Tom Haywood
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Rowaid Kellow
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Bin Shen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Walter Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2200, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA.
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2200, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5281, USA
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Corti A, Anderluzzi G, Curnis F. Neuropilin-1 and Integrins as Receptors for Chromogranin A-Derived Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2555. [PMID: 36559048 PMCID: PMC9785887 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chromogranin A (CgA), a 439 residue-long member of the "granin" secretory protein family, is the precursor of several peptides and polypeptides involved in the regulation of the innate immunity, cardiovascular system, metabolism, angiogenesis, tissue repair, and tumor growth. Despite the many biological activities observed in experimental and preclinical models for CgA and its most investigated fragments (vasostatin-I and catestatin), limited information is available on the receptor mechanisms underlying these effects. The interaction of vasostatin-1 with membrane phospholipids and the binding of catestatin to nicotinic and b2-adrenergic receptors have been proposed as important mechanisms for some of their effects on the cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal systems. Recent studies have shown that neuropilin-1 and certain integrins may also work as high-affinity receptors for CgA, vasostatin-1 and other fragments. In this case, we review the results of these studies and discuss the structural requirements for the interactions of CgA-related peptides with neuropilin-1 and integrins, their biological effects, their mechanisms, and the potential exploitation of compounds that target these ligand-receptor systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The results obtained so far suggest that integrins (particularly the integrin avb6) and neuropilin-1 are important receptors that mediate relevant pathophysiological functions of CgA and CgA fragments in angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor growth, and that these interactions may represent important targets for cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Corti
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Anderluzzi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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27
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Weng Y, Su CJ, Jiang H, Chiang CW. Photoredox C-H functionalization leads the site-selective phenylalanine bioconjugation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18994. [PMID: 36348051 PMCID: PMC9643349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-selectively chemical bioconjugation of peptides and proteins can improve the therapeutic exploration of modified protein drugs. Only 3.8% natural abundance of phenylalanine in protein and nearly 90% of proteins contain at least one phenylalanine residue in their sequenced, showing the potential in biopharmaceutical utility of the phenylalanine bioconjugation. However, the covalent bioconjugation of native phenylalanine is one of the most challenging problems in protein modification. Herein, an approach to protein modification is described that relies on a photoredox method for the site-selective bioconjugation of phenylalanine. This methodology has been validated on peptides as well as protein insulin using a straightforward and mild condition. In addition, based on characterization by near-UV CD spectroscopy and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), this pyrazole labeling approach permitted the insulin hexamer to completely dissociate into the monomeric form, thus making it a potential candidate for use as rapid-acting insulin for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Weng
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecule &, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- grid.410766.20000 0001 0749 1496TLS BL23A, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Haoyang Jiang
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecule &, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- grid.445078.a0000 0001 2290 4690Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Egorova EA, Nikitin MP. Delivery of Theranostic Nanoparticles to Various Cancers by Means of Integrin-Binding Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213735. [PMID: 36430214 PMCID: PMC9696485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting of tumors is believed to be the key to efficient cancer therapy and accurate, early-stage diagnostics. Active targeting implies minimized off-targeting and associated cytotoxicity towards healthy tissue. One way to acquire active targeting is to employ conjugates of therapeutic agents with ligands known to bind receptors overexpressed onto cancer cells. The integrin receptor family has been studied as a target for cancer treatment for almost fifty years. However, systematic knowledge on their effects on cancer cells, is yet lacking, especially when utilized as an active targeting ligand for particulate formulations. Decoration with various integrin-targeting peptides has been reported to increase nanoparticle accumulation in tumors ≥ 3-fold when compared to passively targeted delivery. In recent years, many newly discovered or rationally designed integrin-binding peptides with excellent specificity towards a single integrin receptor have emerged. Here, we show a comprehensive analysis of previously unreviewed integrin-binding peptides, provide diverse modification routes for nanoparticle conjugation, and showcase the most notable examples of their use for tumor and metastases visualization and eradication to date, as well as possibilities for combined cancer therapies for a synergetic effect. This review aims to highlight the latest advancements in integrin-binding peptide development and is directed to aid transition to the development of novel nanoparticle-based theranostic agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Egorova
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 1 Meditsinskaya Str., 603081 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maxim P. Nikitin
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
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29
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Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 (αvβ6) and Its Implications in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012346. [PMID: 36293202 PMCID: PMC9603893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are necessary for cell adhesion, migration, and positioning. Essential for inducing signalling events for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, they also trigger a variety of signal transduction pathways involved in mediating invasion, metastasis, and squamous-cell carcinoma. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the up- and down-regulation of the expression of αv and other integrins can be a potent marker of malignant diseases and patient prognosis. This review focuses on an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-dependent integrin αVβ6, its biology, and its role in healthy humans. We examine the implications of αVβ6 in cancer progression and the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by contributing to the activation of transforming growth factor beta TGF-β. Although αvβ6 is crucial for proper function in healthy people, it has also been validated as a target for cancer treatment. This review briefly considers aspects of targeting αVβ6 in the clinic via different therapeutic modalities.
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30
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Cao M, Shi E, Wang H, Mao L, Wu Q, Li X, Liang Y, Yang X, Wang Y, Li C. Personalized Targeted Therapeutic Strategies against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. An Evidence-Based Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4293-4306. [PMID: 36134201 PMCID: PMC9484769 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of malignant tumor in the head and neck, with a poor prognosis mainly due to recurrence and metastasis. Classical treatment modalities for OSCC like surgery and radiotherapy have difficulties in dealing with metastatic tumors, and together with chemotherapy, they have major problems related to non-specific cell death. Molecular targeted therapies offer solutions to these problems through not only potentially maximizing the anticancer efficacy but also minimizing the treatment-related toxicity. Among them, the receptor-mediated targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics remains the most promising one. As OSCC exhibits a heterogeneous nature, selecting the appropriate receptors for targeting is the prerequisite. Hence, we reviewed the OSCC-associated receptors previously used in targeted therapy, focused on their biochemical characteristics and expression patterns, and discussed the application potential in personalized targeted therapy of OSCC. We hope that a better comprehension of this subject will help to provide the fundamental information for OSCC personalized therapeutic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Cao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyu Shi
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanping Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujia Mao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Li
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Liang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsong Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyi Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
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Meecham A, Cutmore LC, Protopapa P, Rigby LG, Marshall JF. Ligand-bound integrin αvβ6 internalisation and trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:920303. [PMID: 36092709 PMCID: PMC9448872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.920303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin αvβ6 is expressed at low levels in most normal healthy tissue but is very often upregulated in a disease context including cancer and fibrosis. Integrins use endocytosis and trafficking as a means of regulating their surface expression and thus their functions, however little is known of how this process is regulated in the context of αvβ6. As αvβ6 is a major target for the development of therapeutics in cancer and fibrosis, understanding these dynamics is critical in the development of αvβ6-targeted therapies. Following development of a flow cytometry-based assay to measure ligand (A20FMDV2 or LAP)-bound αvβ6 endocytosis, an siRNA screen was performed to identify which genes were responsible for internalising αvβ6. These data identified 15 genes (DNM2, CBLB, DNM3, CBL, EEA1, CLTC, ARFGAP3, CAV1, CYTH2, CAV3, CAV2, IQSEC1, AP2M1, TSG101) which significantly decreased endocytosis, predominantly within dynamin-dependent pathways. Inhibition of these dynamin-dependent pathways significantly reduced αvβ6-dependent migration (αvβ6-specific migration was 547 ± 128 under control conditions, reduced to 225 ± 73 with clathrin inhibition, and 280 ± 51 with caveolin inhibition). Colocalization studies of αvβ6 with endosome markers revealed that up to 6 h post-internalisation of ligand, αvβ6 remains in Rab11-positive endosomes in a perinuclear location, with no evidence of αvβ6 degradation up to 48 h post exposure to A20FMDV2. Additionally, 60% of ligand-bound αvβ6 was recycled back to the surface by 6 h. With studies ongoing using conjugated A20FMDV2 to therapeutically target αvβ6 in cancer and fibrosis, these data have important implications. Binding of A20FMDV2 seemingly removes much of the αvβ6 from the cell membrane, and upon its recycling, a large fraction appears to still be in the ligand-bound state. While these results are observed with A20FMDV2, these data will be of value in the design of αvβ6-specific therapeutics and potentially the types of therapeutic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Meecham
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lauren C. Cutmore
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pantelitsa Protopapa
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren G. Rigby
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Marshall
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang H, Zhu S, Deng W, Li R, Zhou H, Xiong H. The landscape of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in breast cancer: Perspectives and outlook. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887471. [PMID: 35935930 PMCID: PMC9354605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a revolutionary adoptive cell therapy, which could modify and redirect T cells to specific tumor cells. Since CAR-T cell therapy was first approved for B cell-derived malignancies in 2017, it has yielded unprecedented progress in hematological tumors and has dramatically reshaped the landscape of cancer therapy in recent years. Currently, cumulative evidence has demonstrated that CAR-T cell therapy could be a viable therapeutic strategy for solid cancers. However, owing to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and heterogenous tumor antigens, the application of CAR-T cell therapy against solid cancers requires circumventing more challenging obstacles. Breast cancer is characterized by a high degree of invasiveness, malignancy, and poor prognosis. The review highlights the underlying targets of CAR-T cell therapy in breast cancer, summarizes the challenges associated with CAR-T cell therapy, and proposes the strategies to overcome these challenges, which provides a novel approach to breast cancer treatment.
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33
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Zhang Z, Wang K, Liu M, Hu P, Xu Y, Yin D, Yang Y, Dong X, Qu C, Zhang L, Ni J, Yin X. Phototherapeutic effect of transformable peptides containing pheophorbide a on colorectal cancer. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1608-1619. [PMID: 35612320 PMCID: PMC9135428 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2075987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have attracted research interest for their noninvasive nature and selective treatment of tumor tissues. They are effective through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or heat. Nevertheless, several problems, including low bioavailability and long-lasting cutaneous photosensitivity, have limited their clinical application. In this study, we reported an in situ self-assembly strategy that could improve various biological properties of the photosensitizer in vivo. A photosensitizer connected to a receptor-mediated smart peptide can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) under the force of hydrophobic interaction and then transform into a nanofibrillar network after attaching to the tumor cell surface with the help of the β-sheet-forming peptide KLVFF. The supramolecular structural changes deeply affected the PDT and PTT properties of the photosensitizer on tumors. After being aggregated into the nanostructure, the water solubility and targeting ability of the photosensitizer was ameliorated. Moreover, the improvement of the photothermal conversion efficiency, ROS generation, and tumor retention followed the formation of nanofibrils (NFs). This self-assembly strategy showed the ability of supramolecular nanofibrils to improve the bioavailability of photosensitizers, which provides a new potential treatment avenue for various cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixin Wang
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Manting Liu
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Panxiang Hu
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Xu
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongge Yin
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchang Yang
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Material Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Nguyen BA, Ho J, De La Cruz Diaz JS, Nishimura S, Kaplan DH. TGFβ activating integrins β6 and β8 are dysregulated in inflammatory skin disease and cutaneous melanoma. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 106:2-11. [PMID: 35277328 PMCID: PMC9124681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins avβ6 and avβ8 are expressed by keratinocytes and transactivate latent TGFβ. In a murine model, integrin mediated activation of TGFβ has been shown to be critical in maintaining skin homeostasis, specifically playing roles in epidermal retention of Langerhans cells and resident memory cells T cells (Trm). OBJECTIVE We examine expression of Integrins β6 and β8 in human skin, inflammatory skin disease, benign nevi, and melanoma and hypothesize that integrin expression is dysregulated in disease. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, we stained tissue from normal human skin (n = 8), psoriasis (n = 6), atopic dermatitis (n = 6), lichen planus (n = 5), benign nevi (n = 24), and melanoma (n = 25) with anti-integrin β6 and anti-integrin β8 to survey expression pattern. We also performed a retrospective chart review in the melanoma cohort to examine if integrin β6 and β8 expression was associated with increased Breslow depth and worse prognostic staging. RESULTS Here, we show that human keratinocytes express integrins β6 and β8, similar to murine keratinocytes. We also found that inflammatory skin conditions have increased Integrin β6, but not Integrin β8 expression. Furthermore, we identified that melanomas have greatly increased expression of integrin β8 compared to nevi. Additionally, high expression of integrin β8 was correlated with greater Breslow depth at diagnosis and with worse prognostic staging. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that like murine keratinocytes, human keratinocytes express integrin β6 and β8 under steady state conditions. Moreover, altered integrin expression may participate in the development or maintenance of cutaneous inflammation as well as tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna A Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jonhan Ho
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jacinto S De La Cruz Diaz
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Li Z, Deng L, Li Y, Wang Y. MiR-139 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cell line MG63 via down-regulating integrin subunit alpha V(ITGAV). Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101720. [PMID: 35007826 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteosarcoma is a relatively common primary malignant bone tumor in clinic, which frequently occurs in children and adolescents. It is essential to clarify the molecular mechanism of osteosarcoma to provide better diagnosis and treatment. Abnormal expression of miRNAs is closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of osteosarcoma. MiRNAs play a regulatory role in tumorigenesis and development of osteosarcoma. The purpose of this study is to reveal the working mechanism of miR-139/ITGAV axis in osteosarcoma progression. METHODS ITGAV and miR-139 expression was detected in osteosarcoma tissues or paracancerous normal tissues. TargetScan and Double luciferase reporter gene assay were adopted to verify weather ITGAV was the target gene of miR-139. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the effects of miR-139 on ITGAV. CCK8, Flow cytometry, Transwell and Cell wound scratch assay were used to measure the effects of miR-139 and ITGAV on cell cycle, proliferation, migration and invasion of MG63, respectively. A nude mouse xenograft model of cervical cancer was constructed to observe the effects of miR-139 on the tumor growth. RESULTS We found that the expression of miR-139 in osteosarcoma tissue was significantly reduced, while the expression of ITGAV was significantly increased. MiR-139 could specifically bind to the 3'-UTR of ITGAV and negatively regulate its expression. Transfection of miR-139 mimic could inhibit the proliferation, S-phase arrest, invasion and migration of MG63 cells, and up-regulating the expression of ITGAV could reverse such inhibitory effect. In nude mouse xenograft model of osteosarcoma, overexpression of miR-139 could inhibit tumor growth, while down-regulation of miR-139 produced the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that miR-139/ITGAV axis was related to osteosarcoma initiation. MiR-139 could inhibit the biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells and the tumor growth in nude mouse model via targeting ITGAV, and miR-139/ITGAV axis may impede the progression of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Lirong Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yueguang Li
- Department of X-ray, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Hospital of Baotou City, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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Banerjee S, Lo WC, Majumder P, Roy D, Ghorai M, Shaikh NK, Kant N, Shekhawat MS, Gadekar VS, Ghosh S, Bursal E, Alrumaihi F, Dubey NK, Kumar S, Iqbal D, Alturaiki W, Upadhye VJ, Jha NK, Dey A, Gundamaraju R. Multiple roles for basement membrane proteins in cancer progression and EMT. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151220. [PMID: 35366585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis or the progression of malignancy poses a major challenge in cancer therapy and is the principal reason for increased mortality. The epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the Basement Membrane (BM) allows cells of epithelial phenotype to transform into a mesenchymal-like (quasi-mesenchymal) phenotype and metastasize via the lymphovascular system through a metastatic cascade by intravasation and extravasation. This helps in the progression of carcinoma from the primary site to distant organs. Collagen, laminin, and integrin are the prime components of BM and help in tumor cell metastasis, which makes them ideal cancer drug targets. Further, recent studies have shown that collagen, laminin, and integrin can be used as a biomarker for metastatic cells. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of such therapeutics, which are either currently in preclinical or clinical stages and could be promising cancer therapeutics. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Cheng Lo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Debleena Roy
- PG Department of Botany, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Nusrat K Shaikh
- Smt. N. M. Padalia Pharmacy College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishi Kant
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 831005, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, KM Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Ercan Bursal
- Department of Biochemistry, Mus Alparslan University, Turkey
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Victory Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taipei 114757, Taiwan; ShiNeo Technology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 24262, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida, UP 201310, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Jagdish Upadhye
- Center of Research for Development (CR4D), Parul Institute of Applied Sciences (PIAS), PO Limda, Tal Waghodia 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India.
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER stress and Mucosal immunology lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia.
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Quigley NG, Steiger K, Hoberück S, Czech N, Zierke MA, Kossatz S, Pretze M, Richter F, Weichert W, Pox C, Kotzerke J, Notni J. PET/CT imaging of head-and-neck and pancreatic cancer in humans by targeting the "Cancer Integrin" αvβ6 with Ga-68-Trivehexin. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:1136-1147. [PMID: 34559266 PMCID: PMC8460406 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new probe for the αvβ6-integrin and assess its potential for PET imaging of carcinomas. METHODS Ga-68-Trivehexin was synthesized by trimerization of the optimized αvβ6-integrin selective cyclic nonapeptide Tyr2 (sequence: c[YRGDLAYp(NMe)K]) on the TRAP chelator core, followed by automated labeling with Ga-68. The tracer was characterized by ELISA for activities towards integrin subtypes αvβ6, αvβ8, αvβ3, and α5β1, as well as by cell binding assays on H2009 (αvβ6-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (αvβ6-negative) cells. SCID-mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of the same cell lines were used for dynamic (90 min) and static (75 min p.i.) µPET imaging, as well as for biodistribution (90 min p.i.). Structure-activity-relationships were established by comparison with the predecessor compound Ga-68-TRAP(AvB6)3. Ga-68-Trivehexin was tested for in-human PET/CT imaging of HNSCC, parotideal adenocarcinoma, and metastatic PDAC. RESULTS Ga-68-Trivehexin showed a high αvβ6-integrin affinity (IC50 = 0.047 nM), selectivity over other subtypes (IC50-based factors: αvβ8, 131; αvβ3, 57; α5β1, 468), blockable uptake in H2009 cells, and negligible uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells. Biodistribution and preclinical PET imaging confirmed a high target-specific uptake in tumor and a low non-specific uptake in other organs and tissues except the excretory organs (kidneys and urinary bladder). Preclinical PET corresponded well to in-human results, showing high and persistent uptake in metastatic PDAC and HNSCC (SUVmax = 10-13) as well as in kidneys/urine. Ga-68-Trivehexin enabled PET/CT imaging of small PDAC metastases and showed high uptake in HNSCC but not in tumor-associated inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Ga-68-Trivehexin is a valuable probe for imaging of αvβ6-integrin expression in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoberück
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Czech
- Center of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Pretze
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Pox
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hospital St. Joseph-Stift Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Experimental Radiopharmacy, Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Krishn SR, Garcia V, Naranjo NM, Quaglia F, Shields CD, Harris MA, Kossenkov AV, Liu Q, Corey E, Altieri DC, Languino LR. Small extracellular vesicle-mediated ITGB6 siRNA delivery downregulates the αVβ6 integrin and inhibits adhesion and migration of recipient prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:173-185. [PMID: 35188070 PMCID: PMC8865252 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The αVβ6 integrin, an epithelial-specific cell surface receptor absent in normal prostate and expressed during prostate cancer (PrCa) progression, is a therapeutic target in many cancers. Here, we report that transcript levels of ITGB6 (encoding the β6 integrin subunit) are significantly increased in metastatic castrate-resistant androgen receptor-negative prostate tumors compared to androgen receptor-positive prostate tumors. In addition, the αVβ6 integrin protein levels are significantly elevated in androgen receptor-negative PrCa patient derived xenografts (PDXs) compared to androgen receptor-positive PDXs. In vitro, the androgen receptor-negative PrCa cells express high levels of the αVβ6 integrin compared to androgen receptor-positive PrCa cells. Additionally, expression of androgen receptor (wild type or variant 7) in androgen receptor-negative PrCa cells downregulates the expression of the β6 but not αV subunit compared to control cells. We demonstrate an efficient strategy to therapeutically target the αVβ6 integrin during PrCa progression by using short interfering RNA (siRNA) loaded into PrCa cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). We first demonstrate that fluorescently-labeled siRNAs can be efficiently loaded into PrCa cell-derived sEVs by electroporation. By confocal microscopy, we show efficient internalization of these siRNA-loaded sEVs into PrCa cells. We show that sEV-mediated delivery of ITGB6-targeting siRNAs into PC3 cells specifically downregulates expression of the β6 subunit. Furthermore, treatment with sEVs encapsulating ITGB6 siRNA significantly reduces cell adhesion and migration of PrCa cells on an αVβ6-specific substrate, LAP-TGFβ1. Our results demonstrate an approach for specific targeting of the αVβ6 integrin in PrCa cells using sEVs encapsulating ITGB6-specific siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Ram Krishn
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Vaughn Garcia
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Nicole M. Naranjo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Fabio Quaglia
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Christopher D. Shields
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Maisha A. Harris
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Andrew V. Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Dario C. Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Lucia R. Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Busenhart P, Montalban-Arques A, Katkeviciute E, Morsy Y, Van Passen C, Hering L, Atrott K, Lang S, Garzon JFG, Naschberger E, Hartmann A, Rogler G, Stürzl M, Spalinger MR, Scharl M. Inhibition of integrin αvβ6 sparks T-cell antitumor response and enhances immune checkpoint blockade therapy in colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003465. [PMID: 35131862 PMCID: PMC8823245 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrin αvβ6 is a heterodimeric cell surface protein whose cellular expression is determined by the availability of the integrin β6 subunit (ITGB6). It is expressed at very low levels in most organs during tissue homeostasis but shows highly upregulated expression during the process of tumorigenesis in many cancers of epithelial origin. Notably, enhanced expression of integrin αvβ6 is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis in numerous carcinoma entities. Integrin αvβ6 is one of the major physiological activators of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which has been shown to inhibit the antitumor T-cell response and cause resistance to immunotherapy in mouse models of colorectal and mammary cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of ITGB6 expression and antibody-mediated integrin αvβ6 inhibition on the tumor immune response in colorectal cancer. Methods Using orthotopic and heterotopic tumor cell injection, we assessed the effect of ITGB6 on tumor growth and tumor immune response in wild type mice, mice with defective TGF-β signaling, and mice treated with anti-integrin αvβ6 antibodies. To examine the effect of ITGB6 in human colorectal cancer, we analyzed RNAseq data from the colon adenocarcinoma dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-COAD). Results We demonstrate that expression of ITGB6 is an immune evasion strategy in colorectal cancer, causing inhibition of the antitumor immune response and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy by activating latent TGF-β. Antibody-mediated inhibition of integrin αvβ6 sparked a potent cytotoxic T-cell response and overcame resistance to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy in ITGB6 expressing tumors, provoking a drastic increase in anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy. Further, we show that the majority of tumors in patients with colorectal cancer express sufficient ITGB6 to provoke inhibition of the cytotoxic T-cell response, indicating that most patients could benefit from integrin αvβ6 blockade therapy. Conclusions These findings propose inhibition of integrin αvβ6 as a promising new therapy for colorectal cancer, which blocks tumor-promoting TGF-β activation, prevents tumor exclusion of cytotoxic T-cells and enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Busenhart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Montalban-Arques
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Egle Katkeviciute
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Van Passen
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marianne Rebecca Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang L, Chen H, Wang F, Zhang X. The development of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) strategies for paclitaxel. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:147-161. [PMID: 35130795 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2039621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paclitaxel is a powerful and effective anti-tumor drug with wide clinical application. However, there are still some limitations, including poor water solubility, low specificity, and susceptibility to drug resistance. The peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) represent a rising class of therapeutic drugs, which combines small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs with highly flexible peptides through a cleavable or non-cleavable linker. When this strategy is applied, the therapeutic effects of paclitaxel can be improved. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the application of the PDCs strategy in paclitaxel, including two parts: the tumor targeting peptide-paclitaxel conjugates and the cell penetrating peptide-paclitaxel conjugates. EXPERT OPINION Combining drugs with multifunctional peptides covalently is an effective strategy for delivering paclitaxel to tumors. Depending on different functional peptides, conjugates can increase the water solubility of paclitaxel, tumor permeability of paclitaxel, the accumulation of paclitaxel in tumor tissues, and enhance the antitumor effect of paclitaxel. In addition, due to the change of cell entry mechanism, partial conjugates can restore the therapeutic activity of paclitaxel against resistant tumors. Notably, in order to better translate into the clinical field in the future, more research should be conducted to ensure the safety and effectiveness of peptide-paclitaxel conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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Dehghani-Ghobadi Z, Sheikh Hasani S, Arefian E, Hossein G. Wnt5A and TGFβ1 Converges through YAP1 Activity and Integrin Alpha v Up-Regulation Promoting Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Ovarian Cancer Cells and Mesothelial Cell Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020237. [PMID: 35053353 PMCID: PMC8773996 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate whether Wnt5A is associated with the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and Hippo-YAP1/TAZ-TEAD pathways, implicated in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial ovarian cancer. We used 3D and 2D cultures of human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3, OVCAR-3, CAOV-4, and different subtypes of human serous ovarian cancer compared to normal ovary specimens. Wnt5A showed a positive correlation with TAZ and TGFβ1 in high- and low-grade serous ovarian cancer specimens compared to borderline serous and normal ovaries. Silencing Wnt5A by siRNAs significantly decreased Smad2/3 activation and YAP1 expression and nuclear shuttling in ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells. Furthermore, Wnt5A was required for TGFβ1-induced cell migration and invasion. In addition, inhibition of YAP1 transcriptional activity by Verteporfin (VP) altered OvCa cell migration and invasion through decreased Wnt5A expression and inhibition of Smad2/3 activation, which was reverted in the presence of exogenous Wnt5A. We found that the activation of TGFβ1 and YAP1 nuclear shuttling was promoted by Wnt5A-induced integrin alpha v. Lastly, Wnt5A was implicated in activating human primary omental mesothelial cells and subsequent invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Together, we propose that Wnt5A could be a critical mediator of EMT-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Dehghani-Ghobadi
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Shahrzad Sheikh Hasani
- Department of Gynecology Oncology Valiasr, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1419733141, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Ghamartaj Hossein
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-21-6111-2622; Fax: +98-21-6649-2992
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Xie H, Jiao Y, Zhou X, Liao X, Chen J, Chen H, Chen L, Yu S, Deng Q, Sun L, Xu X, Wang J. Integrin αvβ6 contributes to the development of intestinal fibrosis via the FAK/AKT signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:113003. [PMID: 34979108 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is one of the most severe complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and frequently requires surgery due to intestinal obstruction. Integrin αvβ6, which is mainly regulated by the integrin β6 subunit gene (ITGB6), is a special integrin subtype expressed only in epithelial cells. In our previous study, we found integrin αvβ6 can promote the development of IBD, but the role of integrin αvβ6 in intestinal fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we observed a gradual increase of ITGB6 mRNA expression from normal region to stenotic region of IBD patients' intestinal specimens. Next, we established a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal fibrosis model and a heterotopic intestinal transplant model, and found intestinal fibrosis was decreased in ITGB6-deficient mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, we performed RNA-sequencing and KEGG pathway analysis on intestinal tissues from ITGB6-overexpressing transgenic mice and WT mice, and found multiple pathways containing ITGB6, are related to the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK); finding was confirmed by Western blot. At last, we generated a heterotopic intestinal transplant model found the FAK/AKT pathway was inhibited in ITGB6-deficient mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that integrin αvβ6 promotes the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis by FAK/AKT pathway, making integrin αvβ6 a potential therapeutic target to prevent this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Xie
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yurong Jiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinbin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiujun Liao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liubo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoju Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Deng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifeng Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Ganguly T, Bauer N, Davis RA, Hausner SH, Tang SY, Sutcliffe JL. Evaluation of Copper-64-Labeled α vβ 6-Targeting Peptides: Addition of an Albumin Binding Moiety to Improve Pharmacokinetics. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4437-4447. [PMID: 34783573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of non-covalent albumin binding moieties (ABMs) into radiotracers results in increased circulation time, leading to a higher uptake in the target tissues such as the tumor, and, in some cases, reduced kidney retention. We previously developed [18F]AlF NOTA-K(ABM)-αvβ6-BP, where αvβ6-BP is a peptide with high affinity for the cell surface receptor integrin αvβ6 that is overexpressed in several cancers, and the ABM is an iodophenyl-based moiety. [18F]AlF NOTA-K(ABM)-αvβ6-BP demonstrated prolonged blood circulation compared to the non-ABM parent peptide, resulting in high, αvβ6-targeted uptake with continuously improving detection of αvβ6(+) tumors using PET/CT. To further extend the imaging window beyond that of fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 110 min) and to investigate the pharmacokinetics at later time points, we radiolabeled the αvβ6-BP with copper-64 (t1/2 = 12.7 h). Two peptides were synthesized without (1) and with (2) the ABM and radiolabeled with copper-64 to yield [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2, respectively. The affinity of [natCu]1 and [natCu]2 for the integrin αvβ6 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 were evaluated in vitro (cell binding and internalization) using DX3puroβ6 (αvβ6(+)), DX3puro (αvβ6(-)), and pancreatic BxPC-3 (αvβ6(+)) cells, in an albumin binding assay, and for stability in both mouse and human serum. In vivo (PET/CT imaging) and biodistribution studies were done in mouse models bearing either the paired DX3puroβ6/DX3puro or BxPC-3 xenograft tumors. [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 were synthesized in ≥97% radiochemical purity. In vitro, [natCu]1 and [natCu]2 maintained low nanomolar affinity for integrin αvβ6 (IC50 = 28 ± 3 and 19 ± 5 nM, respectively); [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 showed comparable binding to αvβ6(+) cells (DX3puroβ6: ≥70%, ≥42% internalized; BxPC-3: ≥19%, ≥12% internalized) and ≤3% to the αvβ6(-) DX3puro cells. Both radiotracers were ≥98% stable in human serum at 24 h, and [64Cu]2 showed a 6-fold higher binding to human serum protein than [64Cu]1. In vivo, selective uptake in the αvβ6(+) tumors was observed with tumor visualization up to 72 h for [64Cu]2. A 3-5-fold higher αvβ6(+) tumor uptake of [64Cu]2 vs [64Cu]1 was observed throughout, at least 2.7-fold improved BxPC-3-to-kidney and BxPC-3-to-blood ratios, and 2-fold improved BxPC-3-to-stomach ratios were noted for [64Cu]2 at 48 h. Incorporation of an iodophenyl-based ABM into the αvβ6-BP ([64Cu]2) prolonged circulation time and resulted in improved pharmacokinetics, including increased uptake in αvβ6(+) tumors that enabled visualization of αvβ6(+) tumors up to 72 h by PET/CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Ganguly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Nadine Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Ryan A Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Sven H Hausner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Sarah Y Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States.,Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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Kossatz S, Beer AJ, Notni J. It's Time to Shift the Paradigm: Translation and Clinical Application of Non-αvβ3 Integrin Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235958. [PMID: 34885066 PMCID: PMC8657165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells often present a different set of proteins on their surface than normal cells. This also applies to integrins, a class of 24 cell surface receptors which mainly are responsible for physically anchoring cells in tissues, but also fulfil a plethora of other functions. If a certain integrin is found on tumor cells but not on normal ones, radioactive molecules (named tracers) that specifically bind to this integrin will accumulate in the cancer lesion if injected into the blood stream. The emitted radiation can be detected from outside the body and allows for localization and thus, diagnosis, of cancer. Only one of the 24 integrins, the subtype αvβ3, has hitherto been thoroughly investigated in this context. We herein summarize the most recent, pertinent research on other integrins, and argue that some of these approaches might ultimately improve the clinical management of the most lethal cancers, such as pancreatic carcinoma. Abstract For almost the entire period of the last two decades, translational research in the area of integrin-targeting radiopharmaceuticals was strongly focused on the subtype αvβ3, owing to its expression on endothelial cells and its well-established role as a biomarker for, and promoter of, angiogenesis. Despite a large number of translated tracers and clinical studies, a clinical value of αvβ3-integrin imaging could not be defined yet. The focus of research has, thus, been moving slowly but steadily towards other integrin subtypes which are involved in a large variety of tumorigenic pathways. Peptidic and non-peptidic radioligands for the integrins α5β1, αvβ6, αvβ8, α6β1, α6β4, α3β1, α4β1, and αMβ2 were first synthesized and characterized preclinically. Some of these compounds, targeting the subtypes αvβ6, αvβ8, and α6β1/β4, were subsequently translated into humans during the last few years. αvβ6-Integrin has arguably attracted most attention because it is expressed by some of the cancers with the worst prognosis (above all, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma), which substantiates a clinical need for the respective theranostic agents. The receptor furthermore represents a biomarker for malignancy and invasiveness of carcinomas, as well as for fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and probably even for Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) related syndromes. Accordingly, the largest number of recent first-in-human applications has been reported for radiolabeled compounds targeting αvβ6-integrin. The results indicate a substantial clinical value, which might lead to a paradigm change and trigger the replacement of αvβ3 by αvβ6 as the most popular integrin in theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Notni
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TRIMT GmbH, 01454 Radeberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4140-6075; Fax: +49-89-4140-6949
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Li Z, Sun Y, Xu J, Yang H, Liu X, Tian Y, Cao S, Zhou Y. Integrin-β6 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Serum Biomarker for Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770997. [PMID: 34796117 PMCID: PMC8593195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering novel biomarkers that easily accessed is a key step towards the personalized medicine approach for gastric cancer patients. Integrin-β6 (ITGB6) is a subtype of integrin that is exclusively expressed on the surface of epithelial cells and is up-regulated in various tumors. In the present study, a retrospective cohort with 135 gastric cancer patients and a prospective cohort with 34 gastric cancer patients were constructed, ITGB6 expression were detected in both the serum specimens and the tissue specimens. Detailed clinicopathological parameters as well as patients' survival were recorded. A nomogram including ITGB6 expression was also constructed and validated to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Results showed that serum ITGB6 expression was obviously increased and associated with tumor stage in gastric cancer patients, serum ITGB6 expression was relatively high in patients with liver metastasis. High ITGB6 expression indicated a poor prognosis, and nomogram including serum ITGB6 expression could predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients effectively. Moreover, serum ITGB6 expression was associated with ITGB6 expression in tumor tissues. Furthermore, combined serum ITGB6 and CEA levels contributed to the risk stratification and prognostic prediction for gastric cancer patients. In addition, the serum expression of ITGB6 decreased significantly after radical surgery, and a new rise in serum ITGB6 expression indicated tumor recurrence or progression. The present study identified a novel serum biomarker for the risk stratification, prognostic prediction and surveillance of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shougen Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Xiong J, Yan L, Zou C, Wang K, Chen M, Xu B, Zhou Z, Zhang D. Integrins regulate stemness in solid tumor: an emerging therapeutic target. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:177. [PMID: 34715893 PMCID: PMC8555177 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are the adhesion molecules and transmembrane receptors that consist of α and β subunits. After binding to extracellular matrix components, integrins trigger intracellular signaling and regulate a wide spectrum of cellular functions, including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration. Since the pattern of integrins expression is a key determinant of cell behavior in response to microenvironmental cues, deregulation of integrins caused by various mechanisms has been causally linked to cancer development and progression in several solid tumor types. In this review, we discuss the integrin signalosome with a highlight of a few key pro-oncogenic pathways elicited by integrins, and uncover the mutational and transcriptomic landscape of integrin-encoding genes across human cancers. In addition, we focus on the integrin-mediated control of cancer stem cell and tumor stemness in general, such as tumor initiation, epithelial plasticity, organotropic metastasis and drug resistance. With insights into how integrins contribute to the stem-like functions, we now gain better understanding of the integrin signalosome, which will greatly assist novel therapeutic development and more precise clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lianlian Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Dingxiao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China. .,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.
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Takahashi T, Schleimer RP. Epithelial-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology of Epithelial Injury and Repair in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Connecting Immunology in Research Lab to Biomarkers in Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11709. [PMID: 34769139 PMCID: PMC8583779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier disruption and failure of epithelial repair by aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced basal cells observed in nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are speculated to play important roles in disease pathophysiology. Microparticles (MPs) are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) released by budding or shedding from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. MPs are detected in nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) and are now receiving attention as potential biomarkers to evaluate the degree of activation of immune cells and injury of structural cells in nasal mucosa of subjects with sinus disease. There are three types of epithelial-cell-derived MPs, which are defined by the expression of different epithelial specific markers on their surface: EpCAM, E-cadherin, and integrin β6 (ITGB6). When these markers are on MPs that are also carrying canonical EMT/mesenchymal markers (Snail (SNAI1); Slug (SNAI2); alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, ACTA2)) or pro- and anti-coagulant molecules (tissue factor (TF); tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)), they provide insight as to the roles of epithelial activation for EMT or regulation of coagulation in the underlying disease. In this review, we discuss the potential of epithelial MPs as research tools to evaluate status of nasal mucosae of CRS patients in the lab, as well as biomarkers for management and treatment of CRS in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Novel Peptide Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112908. [PMID: 34831131 PMCID: PMC8616177 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are increasingly being developed for use as therapeutics to treat many ailments, including cancer. Therapeutic peptides have the advantages of target specificity and low toxicity. The anticancer effects of a peptide can be the direct result of the peptide binding its intended target, or the peptide may be conjugated to a chemotherapy drug or radionuclide and used to target the agent to cancer cells. Peptides can be targeted to proteins on the cell surface, where the peptide–protein interaction can initiate internalization of the complex, or the peptide can be designed to directly cross the cell membrane. Peptides can induce cell death by numerous mechanisms including membrane disruption and subsequent necrosis, apoptosis, tumor angiogenesis inhibition, immune regulation, disruption of cell signaling pathways, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair pathways, or cell death pathways. Although using peptides as therapeutics has many advantages, peptides have the disadvantage of being easily degraded by proteases once administered and, depending on the mode of administration, often have difficulty being adsorbed into the blood stream. In this review, we discuss strategies recently developed to overcome these obstacles of peptide delivery and bioavailability. In addition, we present many examples of peptides developed to fight cancer.
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Zhuang R. Platelet-mediated tumor metastasis mechanism and the role of cell adhesion molecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 167:103502. [PMID: 34662726 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that platelets play an essential role in cancer metastasis. The interactions between platelets and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) promote cancer metastasis. CTCs induce platelet activation and aggregation, and activated platelets gather and protect CTCs from shear stress and natural killer cells. Finally, platelets stimulate CTC anoikis resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, extravasation, and eventually, metastasis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have been identified as active players during the interaction of CTCs with platelets, but the specific mechanism underlying the contribution of platelet-associated CAMs to CTC metastasis remains unclear. In this review, we introduce the mechanism of platelet-related tumor metastasis and particularly focus on the role of CAMs in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Liu
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changlexilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, #1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, #127 Youyixilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, #1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changlexilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, #127 Youyixilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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Steiger K, Quigley NG, Groll T, Richter F, Zierke MA, Beer AJ, Weichert W, Schwaiger M, Kossatz S, Notni J. There is a world beyond αvβ3-integrin: Multimeric ligands for imaging of the integrin subtypes αvβ6, αvβ8, αvβ3, and α5β1 by positron emission tomography. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:106. [PMID: 34636990 PMCID: PMC8506476 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of nuclear medicine and theranostics, integrin-related research and development was, for most of the time, focused predominantly on 'RGD peptides' and the subtype αvβ3-integrin. However, there are no less than 24 known integrins, and peptides without the RGD sequence as well as non-peptidic ligands play an equally important role as selective integrin ligands. On the other hand, multimerization is a well-established method to increase the avidity of binding structures, but multimeric radiopharmaceuticals have not made their way into clinics yet. In this review, we describe how these aspects have been interwoven in the framework of the German Research Foundation's multi-group interdisciplinary funding scheme CRC 824, yielding a series of potent PET imaging agents for selective imaging of various integrin subtypes. RESULTS The gallium-68 chelator TRAP was utilized to elaborate symmetrical trimers of various peptidic and non-peptidic integrin ligands. Preclinical data suggested a high potential of the resulting Ga-68-tracers for PET-imaging of the integrins α5β1, αvβ8, αvβ6, and αvβ3. For the first three, we provide some additional immunohistochemistry data in human cancers, which suggest several future clinical applications. Finally, application of αvβ3- and αvβ6-integrin tracers in pancreatic carcinoma patients revealed that unlike αvβ3-targeted PET, αvβ6-integrin PET is not characterized by off-target uptake and thus, enables a substantially improved imaging of this type of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Novel radiopharmaceuticals targeting a number of different integrins, above all, αvβ6, have proven their clinical potential and will play an increasingly important role in future theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Steiger
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Neil Gerard Quigley
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Groll
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Wilko Weichert
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Klinik Für Nuklearmedizin Und Zentralinstitut Für Translationale Krebsforschung (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Klinik Für Nuklearmedizin Und Zentralinstitut Für Translationale Krebsforschung (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,Experimental Radiopharmacy, Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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