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Kp A, Kaliaperumal K, Sekar D. microRNAs and their therapeutic strategy in phase I and phase II clinical trials. Epigenomics 2024; 16:259-271. [PMID: 38312027 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
miRNAs play a crucial therapeutic role in diseases such as cancer, diabetes and viral infections, with around 1900 identified in the human genome. Some have progressed to clinical trials, and miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors are pivotal therapeutic molecules undergoing evaluation. The review delves into various miRNA-associated clinical trials, emphasizing their precision in targeting specific genes, modulating disease pathways and diagnostic potential. This underscores the importance of miRNA therapy, foreseeing innovations in precision medicine techniques for diverse diseases. The future envisions improved delivery systems addressing challenges like immunogenicity and digestion, while a comprehensive miRNA-based omics database could guide the development of tailored antisense miRNAs, further advancing precision medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Kp
- RNA Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Kumaravel Kaliaperumal
- Unit of Biomaterials Research, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Durairaj Sekar
- RNA Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
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2
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Datta N, Johnson C, Kao D, Gurnani P, Alexander C, Polytarchou C, Monaghan TM. MicroRNA-based therapeutics for inflammatory disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106870. [PMID: 37499702 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
An emerging but less explored shared pathophysiology across microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders is aberrant miRNA expression, which may represent novel therapeutic targets. miRNAs are small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are important transcriptional repressors of gene expression. Most importantly, they regulate the integrity of the intestinal epithelial and blood-brain barriers and serve as an important communication channel between the gut microbiome and the host. A well-defined understanding of the mode of action, therapeutic strategies and delivery mechanisms of miRNAs is pivotal in translating the clinical applications of miRNA-based therapeutics. Accumulating evidence links disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis with a compromised gut-blood-brain-barrier, causing gut contents such as immune cells and microbiota to enter the bloodstream leading to low-grade systemic inflammation. This has the potential to affect all organs, including the brain, causing central inflammation and the development of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we have examined in detail miRNA biogenesis, strategies for therapeutic application, delivery mechanisms, as well as their pathophysiology and clinical applications in inflammatory gut-brain disorders. The research data in this review was drawn from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov. With increasing evidence of the pathophysiological importance for miRNAs in microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders, therapeutic targeting of cross-regulated miRNAs in these disorders displays potentially transformative and translational potential. Further preclinical research and human clinical trials are required to further advance this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Datta
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte Johnson
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Department of Biosciences, John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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3
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Chaudhary R, Meher A, Krishnamoorthy P, Kumar H. Interplay of host and viral factors in inflammatory pathway mediated cytokine storm during RNA virus infection. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100062. [PMID: 37273890 PMCID: PMC10238879 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses always have been a serious concern for human health by causing several outbreaks, often pandemics. The excessive mortality and deaths associated with the outbreaks caused by these viruses were due to the excessive induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to cytokine storm. Cytokines are important for cell-to-cell communication to maintain cell homeostasis. Disturbances of this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This could lead to a severe self-reinforcement of several feedback processes, which could eventually cause systemic harm, multiple organ failure, or death. Multiple inflammation-associated pathways were involved in the cytokine production and its regulation. Different RNA viruses induce these pathways through the interplay with their viral factors and host proteins and miRNAs regulating these pathways. This review will discuss the interplay of host proteins and miRNAs that can play an important role in the regulation of cytokine storm and the possible therapeutic potential of these molecules for the treatment and the challenges associated with the clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Aparna Meher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Pandikannan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology, Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
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4
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Thomaidou AC, Goulielmaki M, Tsintarakis A, Zoumpourlis P, Toya M, Christodoulou I, Zoumpourlis V. miRNA-Guided Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from the Umbilical Cord: Paving the Way for Stem-Cell Based Regeneration and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119189. [PMID: 37298143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is an abundant source of multipotent cells primed with unique properties that can be exploited in a multitude of applications and interventions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogenous population of undifferentiated cells programmed to self-renew and, depending on their origin, differentiate into distinct lineages. Alongside their proven ability to transmigrate toward inflammation sites, the secretion of various factors that participate in tissue regeneration and their immunoregulatory function render MSCs attractive candidates for use in the cytotherapy of a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, as well as in different aspects of regenerative medicine. In particular, MSCs that can be found in fetal, perinatal, or neonatal tissues possess additional capabilities, including predominant proliferation potential, increased responsiveness to environmental stimuli, and hypoimmunogenicity. Since microRNA (miRNA)-guided gene regulation governs multiple cellular functions, miRNAs are increasingly being studied in the context of driving the differentiation process of MSCs. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms of miRNA-directed differentiation of MSCs, with a special focus on umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), and we identify the most relevant miRNAs and miRNA sets and signatures. Overall, we discuss the potent exploitations of miRNA-driven multi-lineage differentiation and regulation of UCMSCs in regenerative and therapeutic protocols against a range of diseases and/or injuries that will achieve a meaningful clinical impact through maximizing treatment success rates, while lacking severe adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C Thomaidou
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Tsintarakis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marialena Toya
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
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5
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Melnik BC, Stadler R, Weiskirchen R, Leitzmann C, Schmitz G. Potential Pathogenic Impact of Cow’s Milk Consumption and Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076102. [PMID: 37047075 PMCID: PMC10094152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports an association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. This narrative review intends to elucidate the potential impact of milk-related agents, predominantly milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) and their microRNAs (miRs) in lymphomagenesis. Upregulation of PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling is a common feature of DLBCL. Increased expression of B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and suppression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1)/PR domain-containing protein 1 (PRDM1) are crucial pathological deviations in DLBCL. Translational evidence indicates that during the breastfeeding period, human MDE miRs support B cell proliferation via epigenetic upregulation of BCL6 (via miR-148a-3p-mediated suppression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and miR-155-5p/miR-29b-5p-mediated suppression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) and suppression of BLIMP1 (via MDE let-7-5p/miR-125b-5p-targeting of PRDM1). After weaning with the physiological termination of MDE miR signaling, the infant’s BCL6 expression and B cell proliferation declines, whereas BLIMP1-mediated B cell maturation for adequate own antibody production rises. Because human and bovine MDE miRs share identical nucleotide sequences, the consumption of pasteurized cow’s milk in adults with the continued transfer of bioactive bovine MDE miRs may de-differentiate B cells back to the neonatal “proliferation-dominated” B cell phenotype maintaining an increased BLC6/BLIMP1 ratio. Persistent milk-induced epigenetic dysregulation of BCL6 and BLIMP1 expression may thus represent a novel driving mechanism in B cell lymphomagenesis. Bovine MDEs and their miR cargo have to be considered potential pathogens that should be removed from the human food chain.
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Sell MC, Ramlogan-Steel CA, Steel JC, Dhungel BP. MicroRNAs in cancer metastasis: biological and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e14. [PMID: 36927814 PMCID: PMC10407223 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The seeding of primary tumours at a secondary site is a highly inefficient process requiring substantial alterations in the genetic architecture of cancer cells. These alterations include significant changes in global gene expression patterns. MicroRNAs are small, non-protein coding RNAs which play a central role in regulating gene expression. Here, we focus on microRNA determinants of cancer metastasis and examine microRNA dysregulation in metastatic cancer cells. We dissect the metastatic process in a step-wise manner and summarise the involvement of microRNAs at each step. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of different microRNA-based strategies that have been used to target metastasis in pre-clinical models. Finally, we highlight current clinical trials that use microRNA-based therapies to target advanced or metastatic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Sell
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Jason C. Steel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Bijay P. Dhungel
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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7
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MicroRNA as a Diagnostic Tool, Therapeutic Target and Potential Biomarker in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Detection—Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065386. [PMID: 36982460 PMCID: PMC10048937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, causing a large majority of deaths but accounting for only ~1% of all skin cancer cases. The worldwide incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing, causing a serious socio-economic problem. Melanoma is diagnosed mainly in young and middle-aged people, which distinguishes it from other solid tumors detected mainly in mature people. The early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) remains a priority and it is a key factor limiting mortality. Doctors and scientists around the world want to improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment, and are constantly looking for new, promising opportunities, including the use of microRNAs (miRNAs), to fight melanoma cancer. This article reviews miRNA as a potential biomarker and diagnostics tool as a therapeutic drugs in CMM treatment. We also present a review of the current clinical trials being carried out worldwide, in which miRNAs are a target for melanoma treatment.
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Yang M, Zhang Y, Li M, Liu X, Darvishi M. The various role of microRNAs in breast cancer angiogenesis, with a special focus on novel miRNA-based delivery strategies. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36765409 PMCID: PMC9912632 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After skin malignancy, breast cancer is the most widely recognized cancer detected in women in the United States. Breast cancer (BCa) can happen in all kinds of people, but it's much more common in women. One in four cases of cancer and one in six deaths due to cancer are related to breast cancer. Angiogenesis is an essential factor in the growth of tumors and metastases in various malignancies. An expanded level of angiogenesis is related to diminished endurance in BCa patients. This function assumes a fundamental part inside the human body, from the beginning phases of life to dangerous malignancy. Various factors, referred to as angiogenic factors, work to make a new capillary. Expanding proof demonstrates that angiogenesis is managed by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNA with 19-25 nucleotides. MiRNA is a post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression that controls many critical biological processes. Endothelial miRNAs, referred to as angiomiRs, are probably concerned with tumor improvement and angiogenesis via regulation of pro-and anti-angiogenic factors. In this article, we reviewed therapeutic functions of miRNAs in BCa angiogenesis, several novel delivery carriers for miRNA-based therapeutics, as well as CRISPR/Cas9 as a targeted therapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Min Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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MicroRNA-155 is a main part of proinflammatory puzzle during severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:115-119. [PMID: 36916095 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i2.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic parameters play critical roles in determining the outcomes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important part of the epigenetic factors that regulate several functions of the immune cells and also viruses. Accordingly, the molecules can regulate expression of the immune cell proteins and virus in the host cells. Among the miRNAs, miRNA-155 (miR-155) is well-studied in patients suffering from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been reported that the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients may be directed to induce a cytokine storm or severe proinflammatory responses. This review article discusses the pathological roles of miR-155 during COVID-19 infection.
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Jain CK, Srivastava P, Pandey AK, Singh N, Kumar RS. miRNA therapeutics in precision oncology: a natural premium to nurture. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:511-532. [PMID: 36071981 PMCID: PMC9446160 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic spectrum of microRNA (miRNA) has grown significantly over the years with its identification and exploration in cancer therapeutics and is currently identified as an important resource for innovative strategies due to its functional behavior for gene regulation and modulation of complex biological networks. The progression of cancer is the consequence of uncontrolled, nonsynchronous procedural faults in the biological system. Diversified and variable cellular response of cancerous cells has always raised challenges in effective cancer therapy. miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are the natural genetic gift, responsible to preserve the homeostasis of cell to nurture. The unprecedented significance of endogenous miRNAs has exhibited promising therapeutic potential in cancer therapeutics. Currently, miRNA mimic miR-34, and an antimiR aimed against miR-122 has entered the clinical trials for cancer treatments. This review, highlights the recent breakthroughs, challenges, clinical trials, and advanced delivery vehicles in the administration of miRNA therapies for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakresh Kumar Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Poornima Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, GIFT city 382355, India
| | - R Suresh Kumar
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), Noida 201307, India
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11
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Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Immune Tolerance in Infants. J Immunol Res 2022; 2021:7823316. [PMID: 34993254 PMCID: PMC8727111 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7823316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy has increased in recent years, especially among the pediatric population. Differences in the gut microbiota composition between children with FA and healthy children have brought this topic into the spotlight as a possible explanation for the increase in FA. The gut microbiota characteristics are acquired through environmental interactions starting early in life, such as type of delivery during birth and breastfeeding. The microbiota features may be shaped by a plethora of immunomodulatory mechanisms, including a predominant role of Tregs and the transcription factor FOXP3. Additionally, a pivotal role has been given to vitamin A and butyrate, the main anti-inflammatory metabolite. These observations have led to the study and development of therapies oriented to modifying the microbiota and metabolite profiles, such as the use of pre- and probiotics and the determination of their capacity to induce tolerance to allergens that are relevant to FA. To date, evidence supporting these approaches in humans is scarce and inconclusive. Larger cohorts and dose-titration studies are mandatory to evaluate whether the observed changes in gut microbiota composition reflect medical recovery and increased tolerance in pediatric patients with FA. In this article, we discuss the establishment of the microbiota, the immunological mechanisms that regulate the microbiota of children with food allergies, and the evidence in research focused on its regulation as a means to achieve tolerance to food allergens.
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Verma P, Mohanty N, Pruseth B, Sahoo S, Katiyar A, Singh H, Jena SK, Das RR, Som TK, Sahoo SK, Nanda P, Ghosh A. Identification of Candidate Immune System MicroRNAs Differentially Found in Colostrum and Milk Exosomes. Microrna 2022; 11:216-226. [PMID: 35786199 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220630102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fetus grows in a sterile womb environment. After birth, the newborn immune system has two immediate hurdles to clear. First immediate suppression of the womb compatible immune system and turn on the immune system of the newborn that can counter the antigenic world. The underlying mechanism of immune fluctuation by milk microRNAs (miRNAs) can be crucial for the treatment of critical or premature newborn. METHODS We collected fourteen samples of each colostrum and mature milk from lactating mothers, four samples of each were used for microarray analysis, and the other ten were used for miRNA expression profiling by real-time PCR. RESULTS From the microarray, 154 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, whereas 49 miRNAs were revealed as immune-related miRNAs based on a literature study. Among the 49 miRNAs, 33 were already shown as strongly validated immune-related miRNAs (validated by qPCR, Western Blot, and Luciferase assay) and were considered for further analysis. Twenty-two miRNA expressions were analysed by real-time PCR as their Ct values were within considerable limits. Twelve numbers of miRNAs were significantly downregulated in mature milk compared to colostrum, which were again subjected to bioinformatics analysis to predict the biological mechanisms behind the differentially expressed miRNAs. CONCLUSION This study shed light on the human milk exosome miRNA expression dynamics during lactation and their possible role in the gradual skewing of the newborns' immune system. The information is crucial for the development and onset of sepsis in premature newborns in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Verma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Niharika Mohanty
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Babita Pruseth
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Sonali Sahoo
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Amit Katiyar
- ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Saubhagya Kumar Jena
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Das
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Som
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | | | - Pranati Nanda
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
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13
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Abeysinghe P, Turner N, Peiris H, Vaswani K, Cameron N, McGhee N, Logan J, Mitchell MD. Differentially Expressed Extracellular Vesicle, Exosome and Non-Exosome miRNA Profile in High and Low Tick-Resistant Beef Cattle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:780424. [PMID: 34976862 PMCID: PMC8718928 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.780424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy tick burden on beef cattle account for huge economic losses globally, with an estimated value of US$22-30 billion per annum. In Australia, ticks cost the northern beef industry approximately A$170-200 million. Methods to evaluate and predict tick resistance would therefore be of great value to the global cattle trade. Exosomes (EX) are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) of ~30-150nm diameter and have gained popularity for their diagnostic and prognostic potential. EX contain, among other biomolecules, various types of RNA including micro-RNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). MiRNA specifically have been validated as therapeutic biomarkers as they perform regulatory functions at the post-transcriptional level and are differentially expressed between divergent groups. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the miRNA profiles of EV and fractionated exosomal samples of high and low tick-resistant beef cattle to highlight potential miRNA biomarkers of tick resistance. Cows (n = 3/group) were classified into high or low tick resistant groups according to a novel scoring system. EVs and EX were isolated and fractionated from the blood plasma of high and low tick resistant cattle using established isolation and enrichment protocols. The resultant EX and non-EX samples were processed for next generation miRNA sequencing. Offspring of the cows in each high and low tick resistant group underwent the same processing for blood plasma EX, non-EX and miRNA analysis to evaluate the heritability of miRNA associated with tick resistance. A total of 2631 miRNAs were identified in EX and non-EX fractionated samples from high and low tick-resistant beef cattle. MiR-449a was highly expressed in maternal high tick-resistant EX samples. Of these, 174 were novel miRNAs, and 10 were differentially expressed (DE) (FDR < 0.05). These 10 DE miRNAs were also present in EVs, and three miRNAs were highly expressed: miR-2419-3p, miR-7861-3p and miR-2372-5p. Although 196 novel miRNAs were identified in fractionated samples of offspring, no miRNA were differentially expressed in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pevindu Abeysinghe
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalie Turner
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hassendrini Peiris
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kanchan Vaswani
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nick Cameron
- Nindooinbah Pastoral Company, Nindooinbah, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jayden Logan
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Murray D. Mitchell
- Centre for Children’s Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Yu HR, Hsu TY, Tsai CC, Huang HC, Cheng HH, Lai YJ, Lin YJ, Chen CC, Li SC, Yang K. The Functional DNA Methylation Signatures Relevant to Altered Immune Response of Neonatal T Cells with l-Arginine Supplementation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082780. [PMID: 34444938 PMCID: PMC8401784 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Arginine is an important nutrient in the infant diet that significantly regulates the maturation of the immune system in neonates, including the maturation of CD4+ T cells. The biological activities of CD4+ T cells differ substantially between neonates and adults, and these differences may be governed by epigenetic processes. Investigating these differences and the causative processes may help understand neonatal and developmental immunity. In this study, we compared the functional DNA methylation profiles in CD4+ T cells of neonates and adults, focusing on the role of l-arginine supplementation. Umbilical cord blood and adult CD4+ T cells were cultured with/without l-arginine treatment. By comparing DNA methylation in samples without l-arginine treatment, we found that CD4+ T cells of neonatal cord blood generally showed higher DNA methylation than those of adults (average CpG methylation percentage 0.6305 for neonate and 0.6254 for adult, t-test p-value < 0.0001), suggesting gene silencing in neonates. By examining DNA methylation patterns of CpG dinucleotides induced by l-arginine treatment, we found that more CpG dinucleotides were hypomethylated and more genes appeared to be activated in neonatal T-cells as compared with adult. Genes activated by l-arginine stimulation of cord blood samples were more enriched regarding immune-related pathways. CpG dinucleotides at IL-13 promoter regions were hypomethylated after l-arginine stimulation. Hypomethylated CpG dinucleotides corresponded to higher IL-13 gene expression and cytokine production. Thus, DNA methylation partially accounts for the mechanism underlying differential immune function in neonates. Modulatory effects of l-arginine on DNA methylation are gene-specific. Nutritional intervention is a potential strategy to modulate immune function of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Te-Yao Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Ching-Chang Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Hsin-Chun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Hsin-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kuender Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.L.); (K.Y.)
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15
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miRNomic Signature in Very Low Birth-Weight Neonates Discriminates Late-Onset Gram-Positive Sepsis from Controls. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081389. [PMID: 34441323 PMCID: PMC8391178 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Neonatal sepsis is a serious condition with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Currently, the gold standard for sepsis diagnosis is a positive blood culture, which takes 48–72 h to yield results. We hypothesized that identifying differentially expressed miRNA pattern in neonates with late-onset Gram-positive sepsis would help with an earlier diagnosis and therapy. Methods. This is a prospective observational study in newborn infants with late-onset Gram positive bacterial sepsis and non-septic controls. Complementary to blood culture, an aliquot of 0.5 mL of blood was used to determine small non-coding RNA expression profiling using the GeneChip miRNA 4.0 Array. Results. A total of 11 very low birth-weight neonates with late-onset Gram-positive sepsis and 16 controls were analyzed. Further, 217 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained between both groups. Subsequently, a combined analysis was performed with these miRNAs and 4297 differentially expressed genes. We identified 33 miRNAs that regulate our mRNAs, and the most relevant biological processes are associated with the immune system and the inflammatory response. Conclusions. The miRNA profiling in very low birth-weight neonates distinguishes late-onset Gram-positive sepsis versus control neonates.
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Bhat EA, Sajjad N, Thokar FM. Current advancement of exosomes as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and forecasting. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100417. [PMID: 34126578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are normal vesicles produced in the late endosomes of a cell. They are secreted by cells and play a role in cell-to-cell contact. They are an invaluable aid in cancer diagnosis as they include miRNA, proteins and lncRNAs. Depending on the function of these constituents in cancer, the expression of exosome constituents can be upregulated or downregulated in cancer. Exosomes provide high concentration and protective environment for their cargo, thereby making them superior targets for cancer diagnosis. It has recently been documented that exosomes modulate cell-cell connectivity by molecules included in the exosomes, leading to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In addition, exosomes released from cancer cells are implicated in the development of cancer. Data on the role of exosomes in cancer will thus enhance the effectiveness of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In particular, exosomes are useful sources for biomarkers due to selective cargo loading and similarity to their parental cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings to use exosomes as cancer biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis, and therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- Life sciences institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China; Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India.
| | - Nasreena Sajjad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Fahd M Thokar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
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17
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Jhanji V, Billig I, Yam GHF. Cell-Free Biological Approach for Corneal Stromal Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:671405. [PMID: 34122095 PMCID: PMC8193853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal opacification is the fourth most common cause of blindness globally behind cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. The standard treatment of serious corneal scarring is corneal transplantation. Though it is effective for restoring vision, the treatment outcome is not optimal, due to limitations such as long-term graft survival, lifelong use of immunosuppressants, and a loss of corneal strength. Regulation of corneal stromal wound healing, along with inhibition or downregulation of corneal scarring is a promising approach to prevent corneal opacification. Pharmacological approaches have been suggested, however these are fraught with side effects. Tissue healing is an intricate process that involves cell death, proliferation, differentiation, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Current research on stromal wound healing is focused on corneal characteristics such as the immune response, angiogenesis, and cell signaling. Indeed, promising new technologies with the potential to modulate wound healing are under development. In this review, we provide an overview of cell-free strategies and some approaches under development that have the potential to control stromal fibrosis and scarring, especially in the context of early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Isabelle Billig
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Fatmi A, Rebiahi SA, Chabni N, Zerrouki H, Azzaoui H, Elhabiri Y, Benmansour S, Ibáñez-Cabellos JS, Smahi MCE, Aribi M, García-Giménez JL, Pallardó FV. miRNA-23b as a biomarker of culture-positive neonatal sepsis. Mol Med 2020; 26:94. [PMID: 33032520 PMCID: PMC7542968 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The ability to quickly and accurately diagnose neonatal sepsis based on clinical assessments and laboratory blood tests remains difficult, where haemoculture is the gold standard for detecting bacterial sepsis in blood culture. It is also very difficult to study because neonatal samples are lacking. METHODS Forty-eight newborns suspected of sepsis admitted to the Neonatology Department of the Mother-Child Specialized Hospital of Tlemcen. From each newborn, a minimum of 1-2 ml of blood was drawn by standard sterile procedures for blood culture. The miRNA-23b level in haemoculture was evaluated by RT-qPCR. RESULTS miR-23b levels increased in premature and full-term newborns in early onset sepsis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.005 respectively), but lowered in late onset sepsis in full-term neonates (p < 0.05) compared to the respective negative controls. miR-23b levels also increased in late sepsis in the negative versus early sepsis negative controls (p < 0.05). miR-23b levels significantly lowered in the newborns who died from both sepsis types (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05 respectively). In early sepsis, miR-23b and death strongly and negatively correlated (correlation coefficient = - 0.96, p = 0.0019). In late sepsis, miRNA-23b and number of survivors (correlation coefficient = 0.70, p = 0.506) positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Lowering miR-23b levels is an important factor that favours sepsis development, which would confirm their vital protective role, and strongly suggest that they act as a good marker in molecular diagnosis and patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Fatmi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Sid Ahmed Rebiahi
- Laboratory of Microbiology Applied in Food, Biomedical and Environment, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Nafissa Chabni
- Faculty of Medicine, Tlemcen Medical Centre University, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hanane Zerrouki
- Laboratory of Microbiology Applied in Food, Biomedical and Environment, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hafsa Azzaoui
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Yamina Elhabiri
- Laboratory of Microbiology Applied in Food, Biomedical and Environment, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Souheila Benmansour
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, Tlemcen, Algeria.,Neonatal Department of Specialized Maternal and Child Hospital of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - José Santiago Ibáñez-Cabellos
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Mixed Unit for rare diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mohammed Chems-Eddine Smahi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, Tlemcen, Algeria.,Neonatal Department of Specialized Maternal and Child Hospital of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Mixed Unit for rare diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain. .,INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Mixed Unit for rare diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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19
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Yin L, Zeng C, Yao J, Shen J. Emerging Roles for Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5818080. [PMID: 32270194 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders. However, the pathogenesis of AITD has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that abnormal expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of AITD. microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 3 major groups of ncRNAs that are attracting increasing attention. Herein, we summarized our present knowledge on the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in AITD. This review focused on the importance of ncRNAs in development of the most prevalent AITD, such as Hashimoto disease and Graves' diseases. Altogether, the main purpose of this review is to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of AITD and the possibility of developing novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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20
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Segal M, Slack FJ. Challenges identifying efficacious miRNA therapeutics for cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:987-992. [PMID: 32421364 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1765770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Segal
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth, Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth, Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Lee YC, Su YT, Liu TY, Tsai CM, Chang CH, Yu HR. L-Arginine and L-Citrulline Supplementation Have Different Programming Effect on Regulatory T-Cells Function of Infantile Rats. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2911. [PMID: 30619275 PMCID: PMC6295647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine is a semiessential amino acid in healthy adult human, but is essential for preterm, newborn or critically ill patients. Arginine can be supplied from our diet or de novo synthesis from citrulline. In conditions of sepsis or endotoxemia, arginine may be deficient and be accompanied with altered immune response. L-arginine supplementation can ameliorate dysregulated immune condition and improve prognosis. Many studies had tried L-arginine or L-citrulline supplementation to examine the effect on immune response in the adult population. Few had studied on the young children. In this study, we determined the effect of L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation on the immune response of infantile rats. Male infantile rats received normal saline, L-arginine (200 mg/kg/day) or L-citrulline (200 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally over postnatal day 8 to day 14. The infantile rats were then sacrificed. The blood was analyzed while the spleen was indicated for immune analysis after stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found L-arginine supplementation enhanced Th1 immune response by increasing IFN-γ production. Both the L-arginine and L-citrulline therapy can modulate regulatory T-cell (Treg) immune effects by increasing the IL-10 level. Only the L-citrulline group showed a TGF-β1 increase. Both L-arginine and L-citrulline therapy were also noted to decrease SMAD7 expression and enhance SIRT-1 abundance. However, FOXP3 expression was only modulated by L-citrulline treatment. We then concluded that L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation can modulate the regulatory T-cells function differently for infantile rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Yu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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