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Dechbumroong P, Hu R, Keaswejjareansuk W, Namdee K, Liang XJ. Recent advanced lipid-based nanomedicines for overcoming cancer resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:24. [PMID: 39050885 PMCID: PMC11267154 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2024.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cancer drug resistance not only critically limits the efficiency of traditional therapies but also causes relapses or recurrences of cancer. Consequently, there remains an urgent need to address the intricate landscape of drug resistance beyond traditional cancer therapies. Recently, nanotechnology has played an important role in the field of various drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, especially therapy-resistant cancer. Among advanced nanomedicine technologies, lipid-based nanomaterials have emerged as effective drug carriers for cancer treatment, significantly improving therapeutic effects. Due to their biocompatibility, simplicity of preparation, and potential for functionalization, lipid-based nanomaterials are considered powerful competitors for resistant cancer. In this review, an overview of lipid-based nanomaterials for addressing cancer resistance is discussed. We summarize the recent progress in overcoming drug resistance in cancer by these lipid-based nanomaterials, and highlight their potential in future applications to reverse cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piroonrat Dechbumroong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Runjing Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Wisawat Keaswejjareansuk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Katawut Namdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Rahman I, Liang B, Sajid A, Ambudkar SV, Huang HC. Photodynamic priming modulates cellular ATP levels to overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux in chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38824410 DOI: 10.1111/php.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) is a well-researched ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux transporter linked to the development of cancer multidrug resistance (MDR). Despite extensive studies, approved therapies to safely inhibit P-gp in clinical settings are lacking, necessitating innovative strategies beyond conventional inhibitors or antibodies to reverse MDR. Photodynamic therapy is a globally approved cancer treatment that uses targeted, harmless red light to activate non-toxic photosensitizers, confining its cytotoxic photochemical effects to disease sites while sparing healthy tissues. This study demonstrates that photodynamic priming (PDP), a sub-cytotoxic photodynamic therapy process, can inhibit P-gp function by modulating cellular respiration and ATP levels in light accessible regions. Using chemoresistant (VBL-MDA-MB-231) and chemosensitive (MDA-MB-231) triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, we showed that PDP decreases mitochondrial membrane potential by 54.4% ± 30.4 and reduces mitochondrial ATP production rates by 94.9% ± 3.46. Flow cytometry studies showed PDP can effectively improve the retention of P-gp substrates (calcein) by up to 228.4% ± 156.3 in chemoresistant VBL-MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in chemosensitive MDA-MB-231 cells. Further analysis revealed that PDP did not alter the cell surface expression level of P-gp in VBL-MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings indicate that PDP can reduce cellular ATP below the levels that is required for the function of P-gp and improve intracellular substrate retention. We propose that PDP in combination with chemotherapy drugs, might improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and overcome cancer MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrisa Rahman
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barry Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Bano S, Alburquerque JQ, Roberts HJ, Pang S, Huang HC, Hasan T. Minocycline and photodynamic priming significantly improve chemotherapy efficacy in heterotypic spheroids of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 255:112910. [PMID: 38663337 PMCID: PMC11088523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with advanced-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains dismal. It is generally accepted that combination cancer therapies offer the most promise, such as Folforinox, despite their associated high toxicity. This study addresses the issue of chemoresistance by introducing a complementary dual priming approach to attenuate the DNA repair mechanism and to improve the efficacy of a type 1 topoisomerase (Top1) inhibitor. The result is a regimen that integrates drug-repurposing and nanotechnology using 3 clinically relevant FDA-approved agents (1) Top1 inhibitor (irinotecan) at subcytotoxic doses (2) benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) as a photoactive molecule for photodynamic priming (PDP) to improve the delivery of irinotecan within the cancer cell and (3) minocycline priming (MNP) to modulate DNA repair enzyme Tdp1 (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase) activity. We demonstrate in heterotypic 3D cancer models that incorporate cancer cells and pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts that simultaneous targeting of Tdp1 and Top1 were significantly more effective by employing MNP and photoactivatable multi-inhibitor liposomes encapsulating BPD and irinotecan compared to monotherapies or a cocktail of dual or triple-agents. These data are encouraging and warrant further work in appropriate animal models to evolve improved therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Jose Quilez Alburquerque
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Harrison James Roberts
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Sumiao Pang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA.
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Quinlan JA, Inglut CT, Srivastava P, Rahman I, Stabile J, Gaitan B, Arnau Del Valle C, Baumiller K, Gaur A, Chiou W, Karim B, Connolly N, Robey RW, Woodworth GF, Gottesman MM, Huang H. Carrier-Free, Amorphous Verteporfin Nanodrug for Enhanced Photodynamic Cancer Therapy and Brain Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302872. [PMID: 38445882 PMCID: PMC11077681 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is hard to treat due to cellular invasion into functioning brain tissues, limited drug delivery, and evolved treatment resistance. Recurrence is nearly universal even after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves photosensitizer administration followed by light activation to generate reactive oxygen species at tumor sites, thereby killing cells or inducing biological changes. PDT can ablate unresectable GBM and sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. Verteporfin (VP) is a promising photosensitizer that relies on liposomal carriers for clinical use. While lipids increase VP's solubility, they also reduce intracellular photosensitizer accumulation. Here, a pure-drug nanoformulation of VP, termed "NanoVP", eliminating the need for lipids, excipients, or stabilizers is reported. NanoVP has a tunable size (65-150 nm) and 1500-fold higher photosensitizer loading capacity than liposomal VP. NanoVP shows a 2-fold increase in photosensitizer uptake and superior PDT efficacy in GBM cells compared to liposomal VP. In mouse models, NanoVP-PDT improved tumor control and extended animal survival, outperforming liposomal VP and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Moreover, low-dose NanoVP-PDT can safely open the blood-brain barrier, increasing drug accumulation in rat brains by 5.5-fold compared to 5-ALA. NanoVP is a new photosensitizer formulation that has the potential to facilitate PDT for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Quinlan
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Collin T. Inglut
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Payal Srivastava
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Idrisa Rahman
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Jillian Stabile
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Brandon Gaitan
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | | | - Kaylin Baumiller
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Anandita Gaur
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Wen‐An Chiou
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy LaboratoryMaryland Nano CenterUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Molecular Histopathology LaboratoryLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMD21701USA
| | - Nina Connolly
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Robert W. Robey
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Graeme F. Woodworth
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Michael M. Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Huang‐Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
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Viana Cabral F, Quilez Alburquerque J, Roberts HJ, Hasan T. Shedding Light on Chemoresistance: The Perspective of Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3811. [PMID: 38612619 PMCID: PMC11011502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistent failure of standard chemotherapy underscores the urgent need for innovative and targeted approaches in cancer treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising photochemistry-based approach to address chemoresistance in cancer regimens. PDT not only induces cell death but also primes surviving cells, enhancing their susceptibility to subsequent therapies. This review explores the principles of PDT and discusses the concept of photodynamic priming (PDP), which augments the effectiveness of treatments like chemotherapy. Furthermore, the integration of nanotechnology for precise drug delivery at the right time and location and PDT optimization are examined. Ultimately, this study highlights the potential and limitations of PDT and PDP in cancer treatment paradigms, offering insights into future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Viana Cabral
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (F.V.C.); (J.Q.A.); (H.J.R.)
| | - Jose Quilez Alburquerque
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (F.V.C.); (J.Q.A.); (H.J.R.)
| | - Harrison James Roberts
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (F.V.C.); (J.Q.A.); (H.J.R.)
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (F.V.C.); (J.Q.A.); (H.J.R.)
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Sorrin A, Dasgupta A, McNaughton K, Arnau Del Valle C, Zhou K, Liu C, Roque DM, Huang HC. Co-Packaged PARP inhibitor and photosensitizer for targeted photo-chemotherapy of 3D ovarian cancer spheroids. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:20. [PMID: 38321470 PMCID: PMC10845736 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the last decade, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged in the clinic as an effective treatment for numerous malignancies. Preclinical data have demonstrated powerful combination effects of PARPi paired with photodynamic therapy (PDT), which involves light-activation of specialized dyes (photosensitizers) to stimulate cancer cell death through reactive oxygen species generation. RESULTS In this report, the most potent clinical PARP inhibitor, talazoparib, is loaded into the core of a polymeric nanoparticle (NP-Tal), which is interfaced with antibody-photosensitizer conjugates (photoimmunoconjugates, PICs) to form PIC-NP-Tal. In parallel, a new 3D fluorescent coculture model is developed using the parental OVCAR-8-DsRed2 and the chemo-resistant subline, NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP. This model enables quantification of trends in the evolutionary dynamics of acquired chemoresistance in response to various treatment regimes. Results reveal that at a low dosage (0.01 μM), NP-Tal kills the parental cells while sparing the chemo-resistant subline, thereby driving chemoresistance. Next, PIC-NP-Tal and relevant controls are evaluated in the 3D coculture model at multiple irradiation doses to characterize effects on total spheroid ablation and relative changes in parental and subline cell population dynamics. Total spheroid ablation data shows potent combination effects when PIC and NP-Tal are co-administered, but decreased efficacy with the conjugated formulation (PIC-NP-Tal). Analysis of cell population dynamics reveals that PIC, BPD + NP-Tal, PIC + NP-Tal, and PIC-NP-Tal demonstrate selection pressures towards chemoresistance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides key insights into manufacturing parameters for PARPi-loaded nanoparticles, as well as the potential role of PDT-based combination therapies in the context of acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Anika Dasgupta
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Kathryn McNaughton
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Carla Arnau Del Valle
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Keri Zhou
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Cindy Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Dana M Roque
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Huang Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Hu Q, Zuo H, Hsu JC, Zeng C, Zhou T, Sun Z, Cai W, Tang Z, Chen W. The Emerging Landscape for Combating Resistance Associated with Energy-Based Therapies via Nanomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308286. [PMID: 37971203 PMCID: PMC10872442 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer represents a serious disease with significant implications for public health, imposing substantial economic burden and negative societal consequences. Compared to conventional cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy, energy-based therapies (ET) based on athermal and thermal ablation provide distinct advantages, including minimally invasive procedures and rapid postoperative recovery. Nevertheless, due to the complex pathophysiology of many solid tumors, the therapeutic effectiveness of ET is often limited. Nanotechnology offers unique opportunities by enabling facile material designs, tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility, thereby further augmenting the outcomes of ET. Numerous nanomaterials have demonstrated the ability to overcome intrinsic therapeutic resistance associated with ET, leading to improved antitumor responses. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes the underlying mechanisms of ET-associated resistance (ETR) and highlights representative applications of nanoplatforms used to mitigate ETR. Overall, this review emphasizes the recent advances in the field and presents a detailed account of novel nanomaterial designs in combating ETR, along with efforts aimed at facilitating their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Hu
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Huali Zuo
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Jessica C. Hsu
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Zhouyi Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
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Zheng X, Song X, Zhu G, Pan D, Li H, Hu J, Xiao K, Gong Q, Gu Z, Luo K, Li W. Nanomedicine Combats Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308977. [PMID: 37968865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy are currently available as treatment methods. However, drug resistance is a significant factor in the failure of lung cancer treatments. Novel therapeutics have been exploited to address complicated resistance mechanisms of lung cancer and the advancement of nanomedicine is extremely promising in terms of overcoming drug resistance. Nanomedicine equipped with multifunctional and tunable physiochemical properties in alignment with tumor genetic profiles can achieve precise, safe, and effective treatment while minimizing or eradicating drug resistance in cancer. Here, this work reviews the discovered resistance mechanisms for lung cancer chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, and outlines novel strategies for the development of nanomedicine against drug resistance. This work focuses on engineering design, customized delivery, current challenges, and clinical translation of nanomedicine in the application of resistant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohai Song
- Department of General Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dayi Pan
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiankun Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Radiology, Department of Respiratory, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Bhattacharya D, Mukhopadhyay M, Shivam K, Tripathy S, Patra R, Pramanik A. Recent developments in photodynamic therapy and its application against multidrug resistant cancers. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062005. [PMID: 37827172 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad02d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received a lot of attention for its potential use in cancer treatment. It enables the therapy of a multifocal disease with the least amount of tissue damage. The most widely used prodrug is 5-aminolevulinic acid, which undergoes heme pathway conversion to protoporphyrin IX, which acts as a photosensitizer (PS). Additionally, hematoporphyrin, bacteriochlorin, and phthalocyanine are also studied for their therapeutic potential in cancer. Unfortunately, not every patient who receives PDT experiences a full recovery. Resistance to different anticancer treatments is commonly observed. A few of the resistance mechanisms by which cancer cells escape therapeutics are genetic factors, drug-drug interactions, impaired DNA repair pathways, mutations related to inhibition of apoptosis, epigenetic pathways, etc. Recently, much research has been conducted to develop a new generation of PS based on nanomaterials that could be used to overcome cancer cells' multidrug resistance (MDR). Various metal-based, polymeric, lipidic nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, etc, have been utilized in the PDT application against cancer. This article discusses the detailed mechanism by which cancer cells evolve towards MDR as well as recent advances in PDT-based NPs for use against multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debalina Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, West Bengal 700013, India
| | - Mainak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700109, India
| | - Kumar Shivam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Satyajit Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
- Amity Institute of Allied Health Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Ranjan Patra
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Arindam Pramanik
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
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10
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Liang BJ, Pang S, Perttila R, Ma CH, Srivastava P, Gaitan B, Sorrin AJ, Fadul N, Rahman I, Ylo¨niemi Z, Roque DM, Hasan T, Uusimaa P, Huang HC. Fluorescence-guided photoimmunotherapy using targeted nanotechnology and ML7710 to manage peritoneal carcinomatosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi3441. [PMID: 37672582 PMCID: PMC10482332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided intervention can bolster standard therapies by detecting and treating microscopic tumors before lethal recurrence. Tremendous progress in photoimmunotherapy and nanotechnology has been made to treat metastasis. However, many are lost in translation due to heterogeneous treatment effects. Here, we integrate three technological advances in targeted photo-activable multi-agent liposome (TPMAL), fluorescence-guided intervention, and laser endoscopy (ML7710) to improve photoimmunotherapy. TPMAL consists of a nanoliposome chemotherapy labeled with fluorophores for tracking and photosensitizer immunoconjugates for photoimmunotherapy. ML7710 is connected to Modulight Cloud to capture and analyze multispectral emission from TPMAL for fluorescence-guided drug delivery (FGDD) and fluorescence-guided light dosimetry (FGLD) in peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse models. FGDD revealed that TPMAL enhances drug delivery to metastases by 14-fold. ML7710 captured interpatient variability in TPMAL uptake and prompted FGLD in >50% of animals. By combining TPMAL, ML7710, and fluorescence-guided intervention, variation in treatment response was substantially reduced and tumor control improved without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sumiao Pang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Chen-Hua Ma
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Payal Srivastava
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brandon Gaitan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nada Fadul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Idrisa Rahman
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Dana M. Roque
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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11
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Development of an Endoscopic Auto-Fluorescent Sensing Device to Aid in the Detection of Breast Cancer and Inform Photodynamic Therapy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111097. [PMID: 36422237 PMCID: PMC9697641 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer type in women, with it being the second most deadly cancer in terms of total yearly mortality. Due to the prevalence of this disease, better methods are needed for both detection and treatment. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are autofluorescent biomarkers that lend insight into cell and tissue metabolism. As such, we developed an endoscopic device to measure these metabolites in tissue to differentiate between malignant tumors and normal tissue. We performed initial validations in liquid phantoms as well as compared to a previously validated redox imaging system. We also imaged ex vivo tissue samples after modulation with carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) and a combination of rotenone and antimycin A. We then imaged the rim and the core of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer tumors, with our results showing that the core of a cancerous lesion has a significantly higher optical redox ratio ([FAD]/([FAD] + [NADH])) than the rim, which agrees with previously published results. The mouse muscle tissues exhibited a significantly lower FAD, higher NADH, and lower redox ratio compared to the tumor core or rim. We also used the endoscope to measure NADH and FAD after photodynamic therapy treatment, a light-activated treatment methodology. Our results found that the NADH signal increases in the malignancy rim and core, while the core of cancers demonstrated a significant increase in the FAD signal.
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12
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Multifunctional Nanoplatforms as a Novel Effective Approach in Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy, to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051075. [PMID: 35631660 PMCID: PMC9143284 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is more than sixty years since the era of modern photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer began. Enhanced selectivity for malignant cells with a reduced selectivity for non-malignant cells and good biocompatibility along with the limited occurrence of side effects are considered to be the most significant advantages of PDT in comparison with conventional therapeutic approaches, e.g., chemotherapy. The phenomenon of multidrug resistance, which is associated with drug efflux transporters, was originally identified in relation to the application of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, over the last thirty years, numerous papers have shown that many photosensitizers are the substrates of efflux transporters, significantly restricting the effectiveness of PDT. The concept of a dynamic nanoplatform offers a possible solution to minimize the multidrug resistance effect in cells affected by PDT. Indeed, recent findings have shown that the utilization of nanoparticles could significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PDT. Additionally, multifunctional nanoplatforms could induce the synergistic effect of combined treatment regimens, such as PDT with chemotherapy. Moreover, the surface modifications that are associated with nanoparticle functionalization significantly improve the target potential of PDT or chemo-PDT in multidrug resistant and cancer stem cells.
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13
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Narang U, Gautam R, Yadav KK, Bhattacharya S, Sahu PK, Aggarwal AK, Chauhan SMS. Hydrogen bond controlled self-assembly of nanostructured triazine-functionalized new porphyrin molecule. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Zhou R, Zeng X, Zhao H, Chen Q, Wu P. Combating the hypoxia limit of photodynamic therapy through reversing the survival-related pathways of cancer cells. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Pivetta TP, Botteon CEA, Ribeiro PA, Marcato PD, Raposo M. Nanoparticle Systems for Cancer Phototherapy: An Overview. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113132. [PMID: 34835896 PMCID: PMC8625970 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are photo-mediated treatments with different mechanisms of action that can be addressed for cancer treatment. Both phototherapies are highly successful and barely or non-invasive types of treatment that have gained attention in the past few years. The death of cancer cells because of the application of these therapies is caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species, that leads to oxidative stress for the case of photodynamic therapy and the generation of heat for the case of photothermal therapies. The advancement of nanotechnology allowed significant benefit to these therapies using nanoparticles, allowing both tuning of the process and an increase of effectiveness. The encapsulation of drugs, development of the most different organic and inorganic nanoparticles as well as the possibility of surfaces' functionalization are some strategies used to combine phototherapy and nanotechnology, with the aim of an effective treatment with minimal side effects. This article presents an overview on the use of nanostructures in association with phototherapy, in the view of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais P. Pivetta
- CEFITEC, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Caroline E. A. Botteon
- GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (C.E.A.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Paulo A. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Priscyla D. Marcato
- GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (C.E.A.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +351-21-294-85-49
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16
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Deng X, Song Q, Zhang Y, Liu W, Hu H, Zhang Y. Tumour microenvironment-responsive nanoplatform based on biodegradable liposome-coated hollow MnO 2 for synergistically enhanced chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. J Drug Target 2021; 30:334-347. [PMID: 34709119 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1999961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is always affected by some resistance factors from tumour environment (TME), such as hypoxia and the antioxidant defense system. PURPOSE This study aims at developing a cascaded intelligent multifunctional nanoplatforms to modulate the TME resistance for synergistically enhanced chemo- and photodynamic therapies. METHODS In this study, we synthesised hollow manganese dioxide nanoparticles (HMDNs) loaded with the hydrophilic chemotherapeutic drug (acriflavine, ACF) and the hydrophobic photosensitizer (chlorine6, Ce6), which was further encapsulated by pH-sensitive liposome to form core-shell nanocomposite, with surface modified with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide to achieve tumour targeting. RESULTS After uptake by tumour cells, the liposome shell was rapidly degraded by the low pH, and the inner core could be released from the liposome. Then, the released HMDNs/ACF/Ce6 would be dissociated by low pH and high levels of intracellular GSH within TME to release encapsulated drugs, thereby resulting in synergistic effects of chemotherapy and PDT. Meanwhile, the released ACF could bind with HIF-1a and then inhibit the expression levels of HIF-1's downstream signalling molecules P-gp and VEGF, which could further strengthen the antitumor effects. As a result, HMDNs/ACF/Ce6@Lipo-RGD NPs with laser irradiation exhibited superior anti-tumour therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtian Deng
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijazhuang, China
| | - Qingcheng Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijazhuang, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijazhuang, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongzhi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijazhuang, China
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17
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Madariaga A, Kasherman L, McMullen M, Bonilla L. Comment on evolutionary dynamics of cancer multidrug resistance in response to olaparib and photodynamic therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101249. [PMID: 34673369 PMCID: PMC8529546 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Madariaga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast and Gynecologic cancer unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Cordoba Avenue, Madrid 28041, Spain.
| | - Lawrence Kasherman
- Department of Medical Oncology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical Schools, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle McMullen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luisa Bonilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Liang B, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Huang HC. Mechanistic Insights into Photodynamic Regulation of Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Drug Transporters. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1578-1587. [PMID: 36118950 PMCID: PMC9476936 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to overcome cancer multidrug resistance through inhibition of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 have largely failed in the clinic. The challenges faced during the development of non-toxic modulators suggest a need for a conceptual shift to new strategies for the inhibition of ABC drug transporters. Here, we reveal the fundamental mechanisms by which photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be exploited to manipulate the function and integrity of ABC drug transporters. PDT is a clinically relevant, photochemistry-based tool that involves the light activation of photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species. ATPase activity and in silico molecular docking analyses show that the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) binds to ABCB1 and ABCG2 with micromolar half-maximal inhibitory concentrations in the absence of light. Light activation of BPD generates singlet oxygen to further reduce the ATPase activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by up to 12-fold in an optical dose-dependent manner. Gel electrophoresis and Western blotting revealed that light-activated BPD induces the aggregation of these transporters by covalent cross-linking. We provide a proof of principle that PDT affects the function of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by modulating the ATPase activity and protein integrity of these transporters. Insights gained from this study concerning the photodynamic manipulation of ABC drug transporters could aid in the development and application of new optical tools to overcome the multidrug resistance that often develops after cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry
J. Liang
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Marlene
and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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19
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Liang BJ, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Huang HC. Use of photoimmunoconjugates to characterize ABCB1 in cancer cells. NANOPHOTONICS 2021; 10:3049-3061. [PMID: 35070633 PMCID: PMC8773461 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection of ATP-binding cassette drug transporter ABCB1 expression is imperative for precise identification of drug-resistant tumors. Existing detection methods fail to provide the necessary molecular details regarding the functional state of the transporter. Photo-immunoconjugates are a unique class of antibody-dye conjugates for molecular diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. However, conjugating hydrophobic photosensitizers to hydrophilic antibodies is quite challenging. Here, we devise a photoimmunoconjugate that combines a clinically approved benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) photosensitizer and the conformational-sensitive UIC2 monoclonal antibody to target functionally active human ABCB1 (i.e., ABCB1 in the inward-open conformation). We show that PEGylation of UIC2 enhances the BPD conjugation efficiency and reduces the amount of non-covalently conjugated BPD molecules by 17%. Size exclusion chromatography effectively separates the different molecular weight species found in the UIC2-BPD sample. The binding of UIC2-BPD to ABCB1 was demonstrated in lipidic nanodiscs and ABCB1-overexpressing triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. UIC2-BPD was found to retain the conformation sensitivity of UIC2, as the addition of ABCB1 modulators increases the antibody reactivity in vitro. Thus, the inherent fluorescence capability of BPD can be used to label ABCB1-overexpressing TNBC cells using UIC2-BPD. Our findings provide insight into conjugation of hydrophobic photosensitizers to conformation-sensitive antibodies to target proteins expressed on the surface of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 2120, Bldg 37, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742-5031, USA; and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201-1595, USA
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20
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Evolutionary dynamics of cancer multidrug resistance in response to olaparib and photodynamic therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101198. [PMID: 34418731 PMCID: PMC8387718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent drug efflux protein commonly associated with multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. In this report, we used a dual-fluorescent co-culture model to study the population dynamics of the drug sensitive human ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-8-DsRed2) and its resistant subline that overexpresses P-gp (NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP) during the course of a photodynamic therapy (PDT)-olaparib combination regimen. Without treatment, OVCAR-8-DsRed2 cells grew more rapidly than the NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP cells. Olaparib treatment reduced the total number of cancer cells by 70±4% but selected for the resistant NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP population since olaparib is an efflux substrate for the P-gp pump. This study used the FDA-approved benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) photosensitizer or its lipidated formulation ((16:0)LysoPC-BPD) to kill OVCAR-8 cells and reduce the likelihood that olaparib-resistant cells would have selective advantage. Three cycles of PDT effectively reduced the total cell number by 66±3%, while stabilizing the population ratio of sensitive and resistant cells at approximately 1:1. The combination of olaparib treatment and PDT enhanced PARP cleavage and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, further decreasing the total cancer cell number down to 10±2%. We also showed that the combination of olaparib and (16:0)LysoPC-BPD-based PDT is up to 18-fold more effective in mitigating the selection of resistant NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP cells, compared to using olaparib and BPD-based PDT. These studies suggest that PDT may improve the effectiveness of olaparib, and the use of a lipidated photosensitizer formulation holds promise in overcoming cancer drug resistance.
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21
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Zheng R, Chen X, Zhao L, Yang N, Guan R, Chen A, Yu X, Cheng H, Wang C, Li S. A porphysome-based photodynamic O 2 economizer for hypoxic tumor treatment by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4134-4137. [PMID: 33908446 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A porphysome-based photodynamic O2 economizer (P-PAT) is prepared for hypoxic tumor therapy. The self-assembled porphyrin bilayers of P-PAT possess high loading capacity to atovaquone (ATO) (nearly 70%), which could restrain mitochondrial respiration to relieve hypoxia and enhance photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Xiayun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Linping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Ni Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Runtian Guan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Ali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Shiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
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22
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Xie J, Wang Y, Choi W, Jangili P, Ge Y, Xu Y, Kang J, Liu L, Zhang B, Xie Z, He J, Xie N, Nie G, Zhang H, Kim JS. Overcoming barriers in photodynamic therapy harnessing nano-formulation strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9152-9201. [PMID: 34223847 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades for tumor treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and immune activation ability. It can be a promising treatment modality in several medical fields, including oncology, immunology, urology, dermatology, ophthalmology, cardiology, pneumology, and dentistry. Nevertheless, the clinical application of PDT is largely restricted by the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers, limited tissue penetrability of light, inefficient induction of tumor cell death, tumor resistance to the therapy, and the severe pain induced by the therapy. Recently, various photosensitizer formulations and therapy strategies have been developed to overcome these barriers. Significantly, the introduction of nanomaterials in PDT, as carriers or photosensitizers, may overcome the drawbacks of traditional photosensitizers. Based on this, nanocomposites excited by various light sources are applied in the PDT of deep-seated tumors. Modulation of cell death pathways with co-delivered reagents promotes PDT induced tumor cell death. Relief of tumor resistance to PDT with combined therapy strategies further promotes tumor inhibition. Also, the optimization of photosensitizer formulations and therapy procedures reduces pain in PDT. Here, a systematic summary of recent advances in the fabrication of photosensitizers and the design of therapy strategies to overcome barriers in PDT is presented. Several aspects important for the clinical application of PDT in cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
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Pleiotropic Roles of ABC Transporters in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063199. [PMID: 33801148 PMCID: PMC8004140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics are the mainstay treatment for metastatic breast cancers. However, the chemotherapeutic failure caused by multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a pivotal obstacle to effective chemotherapies of breast cancer. Although in vitro evidence suggests that the overexpression of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters confers resistance to cytotoxic and molecularly targeted chemotherapies by reducing the intracellular accumulation of active moieties, the clinical trials that target ABCB1 to reverse drug resistance have been disappointing. Nevertheless, studies indicate that ABC transporters may contribute to breast cancer development and metastasis independent of their efflux function. A broader and more clarified understanding of the functions and roles of ABC transporters in breast cancer biology will potentially contribute to stratifying patients for precision regimens and promote the development of novel therapies. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge relating to the mechanisms, functions and regulations of ABC transporters, with a focus on the roles of ABC transporters in breast cancer chemoresistance, progression and metastasis.
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Martins WK, Belotto R, Silva MN, Grasso D, Suriani MD, Lavor TS, Itri R, Baptista MS, Tsubone TM. Autophagy Regulation and Photodynamic Therapy: Insights to Improve Outcomes of Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 10:610472. [PMID: 33552982 PMCID: PMC7855851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered an age-related disease that, over the next 10 years, will become the most prevalent health problem worldwide. Although cancer therapy has remarkably improved in the last few decades, novel treatment concepts are needed to defeat this disease. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) signalize a pathway to treat and manage several types of cancer. Over the past three decades, new light sources and photosensitizers (PS) have been developed to be applied in PDT. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge to explain the main biochemical routes needed to trigger regulated cell death mechanisms, affecting, considerably, the scope of the PDT. Although autophagy modulation is being raised as an interesting strategy to be used in cancer therapy, the main aspects referring to the autophagy role over cell succumbing PDT-photoinduced damage remain elusive. Several reports emphasize cytoprotective autophagy, as an ultimate attempt of cells to cope with the photo-induced stress and to survive. Moreover, other underlying molecular mechanisms that evoke PDT-resistance of tumor cells were considered. We reviewed the paradigm about the PDT-regulated cell death mechanisms that involve autophagic impairment or boosted activation. To comprise the autophagy-targeted PDT-protocols to treat cancer, it was underlined those that alleviate or intensify PDT-resistance of tumor cells. Thereby, this review provides insights into the mechanisms by which PDT can be used to modulate autophagy and emphasizes how this field represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska K Martins
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Belotto
- Perola Byington Hospital Gynecology - Lasertherapy Clinical Research Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maryana N Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grasso
- CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maynne D Suriani
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tayná S Lavor
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tayana M Tsubone
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Li Y, Zhou R, Xiao D, Shi S, Peng S, Wu S, Wu P, Lin Y. Polypeptide uploaded efficient nanophotosensitizers to overcome photodynamic resistance for enhanced anticancer therapy. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2021; 403:126344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Kessel D. Photodynamic therapy: apoptosis, paraptosis and beyond. Apoptosis 2020; 25:611-615. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gaitan B, Inglut CT, Liu Y, Chen Y, Huang HC. Depth-resolved imaging of photosensitizer in the rodent brain using fluorescence laminar optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200139R. [PMID: 32981239 PMCID: PMC7519352 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.9.096007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Previous studies have been performed to image photosensitizers in certain organs and tumors using fluorescence laminar optical tomography. Currently, no work has yet been published to quantitatively compare the signal compensation of fluorescence laminar optical tomography with two-dimensional (2-D) imaging in tissues. AIM The purpose of this study is to quantify the benefit that fluorescence laminar optical tomography holds over 2-D imaging. We compared fluorescence laminar optical tomography with maximum intensity projection imaging to simulate 2-D imaging, as this would be the most similar and stringent comparison. APPROACH A capillary filled with a photosensitizer was placed in a phantom and ex vivo rodent brains, with fluorescence laminar optical tomography and maximum intensity projection images obtained. The signal loss in the Z direction was quantified and compared to see which methodology could compensate better for signal loss caused by tissue attenuation. RESULTS The results demonstrated that we can reconstruct a capillary filled with benzoporphyrin derivative photosensitizers faithfully in phantoms and in ex vivo rodent brain tissues using fluorescence laminar optical tomography. We further demonstrated that we can better compensate for signal loss when compared with maximum intensity projection imaging. CONCLUSIONS Using fluorescence laminar optical tomography (FLOT), one can compensate for signal loss in deeper parts of tissue when imaging in ex vivo rodent brain tissue compared with maximum intensity projection imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Gaitan
- University of Maryland College Park, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Collin T. Inglut
- University of Maryland College Park, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- University of Maryland College Park, College of Computer Science, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, S617 Life Science Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Yu Chen, E-mail: ; Huang-Chiao Huang, E-mail:
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- University of Maryland College Park, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
- University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Address all correspondence to Yu Chen, E-mail: ; Huang-Chiao Huang, E-mail:
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Barzowska A, Dąbrowski JM. Recent advances in strategies for overcoming hypoxia in photodynamic therapy of cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:116-135. [PMID: 32693200 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) derived from the tailored accumulation of photosensitizing drug (photosensitizer; PS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and from local irradiation, turns it into a "magic bullet" for the treatment of resistant tumors without sparing the healthy tissue and possible adverse effects. However, locally-induced hypoxia is one of the undesirable consequences of PDT, which may contribute to the emergence of resistance and significantly reduce therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the development of strategies using new approaches in nanotechnology and molecular biology can offer an increased opportunity to eliminate the disadvantages of hypoxia. Emerging evidence indicates that wisely designed phototherapeutic procedures, including: (i) ROS-tunable photosensitizers, (ii) organelle targeting, (iii) nano-based photoactive drugs and/or PS delivery nanosystems, as well as (iv) combining them with other strategies (i.e. PTT, chemotherapy, theranostics or the design of dual anticancer drug and photosensitizers) can significantly improve the PDT efficacy and overcome the resistance. This mini-review addresses the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-related molecular mechanisms of the HIF-1α pathway in the regulation of PDT efficacy. It also discusses the most recent achievements as well as future perspectives and potential challenges of PDT application against hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Sułek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Yu JR, Janssen M, Liang BJ, Huang HC, Fisher JP. A liposome/gelatin methacrylate nanocomposite hydrogel system for delivery of stromal cell-derived factor-1α and stimulation of cell migration. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:67-76. [PMID: 32194261 PMCID: PMC7198368 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic, non-healing skin and soft tissue wounds are susceptible to infection, difficult to treat clinically, and can severely reduce a patient's quality of life. A key aspect of this issue is the impaired recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which secrete regenerative cytokines and modulate the phenotypes of other effector cells that promote healing. We have engineered a therapeutic delivery system that can controllably release the pro-healing chemokine stromal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) to induce the migration of MSCs. In order to protect the protein cargo from hydrolytic degradation and control its release, we have loaded SDF-1α in anionic liposomes (lipoSDF) and embedded them in gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) to form a nanocomposite hydrogel. In this study, we quantify the release of SDF-1α from our hydrogel system and measure the induced migration of MSCs in vitro via a transwell assay. Lastly, we evaluate the ability of this system to activate intracellular signaling in MSCs by using Western blots to probe for the phosphorylation of key proteins in the mTOR pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the delivery of liposomal SDF-1α using a nanocomposite approach. The results of this study expand on our current understanding of factors that can be modified to affect MSC behavior and phenotype. Furthermore, our findings contribute to the development of new hydrogel-based therapeutic delivery strategies for clinical wound healing applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chronic, non-healing wounds promote an inflammatory environment that inhibits the migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which secrete pro-healing and regenerative cytokines. The goal of this project is to apply principles of tissue engineering to achieve controllable release of the pro-healing chemokine SDF-1α to modulate the intracellular signaling and migratory behavior of MSCs. In this work, we introduce a nanocomposite strategy to tailor the release of SDF-1α using a liposome/gelatin methacrylate hydrogel approach. We are the first group to report the delivery of liposomal SDF-1α using this strategy. Our findings aim to further elucidate the role of MSCs in directing wound healing and guide the development of immunomodulatory and therapeutic delivery strategies for clinical wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R Yu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland - College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States; NIH/NBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland - College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Miriam Janssen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland - College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Barry J Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland - College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland - College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland - College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States; NIH/NBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland - College Park, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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Sorrin AJ, Ruhi MK, Ferlic NA, Karimnia V, Polacheck WJ, Celli JP, Huang HC, Rizvi I. Photodynamic Therapy and the Biophysics of the Tumor Microenvironment. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:232-259. [PMID: 31895481 PMCID: PMC7138751 DOI: 10.1111/php.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) provides opportunities to modulate tumor physiology, enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents, impact immune response and overcome resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry-based, nonthermal modality that produces reactive molecular species at the site of light activation and is in the clinic for nononcologic and oncologic applications. The unique mechanisms and exquisite spatiotemporal control inherent to PDT enable selective modulation or destruction of the TME and cancer cells. Mechanical stress plays an important role in tumor growth and survival, with increasing implications for therapy design and drug delivery, but remains understudied in the context of PDT and PDT-based combinations. This review describes pharmacoengineering and bioengineering approaches in PDT to target cellular and noncellular components of the TME, as well as molecular targets on tumor and tumor-associated cells. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of mechanical stress in the context of targeted PDT regimens, and combinations, for primary and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Ferlic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Vida Karimnia
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Inglut CT, Gaitan B, Najafali D, Lopez IA, Connolly NP, Orsila S, Perttilä R, Woodworth GF, Chen Y, Huang HC. Predictors and Limitations of the Penetration Depth of Photodynamic Effects in the Rodent Brain. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:301-309. [PMID: 31441057 PMCID: PMC7035972 DOI: 10.1111/php.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is routinely utilized in clinical centers around the world, whereas the combination of FGS and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has yet to reach clinical implementation and remains an active area of translational investigations. Two significant challenges to the clinical translation of PDT for brain cancer are as follows: (1) Limited light penetration depth in brain tissues and (2) Poor selectivity and delivery of the appropriate photosensitizers. To address these shortcomings, we developed nanoliposomal protoporphyrin IX (Nal-PpIX) and nanoliposomal benzoporphyrin derivative (Nal-BPD) and then evaluated their photodynamic effects as a function of depth in tissue and light fluence using rat brains. Although red light penetration depth (defined as the depth at which the incident optical energy drops to 1/e, ~37%) is typically a few millimeters in tissues, we demonstrated that the remaining optical energy could induce PDT effects up to 2 cm within brain tissues. Photobleaching and singlet oxygen yield studies between Nal-BPD and Nal-PpIX suggest that deep-tissue PDT (>1 cm) is more effective when using Nal-BPD. These findings indicate that Nal-BPD-PDT is more likely to generate cytotoxic effects deep within the brain and allow for the treatment of brain invading tumor cells centimeters away from the main, resectable tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin T. Inglut
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brandon Gaitan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniel Najafali
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Irati Abad Lopez
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nina P. Connolly
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Seppo Orsila
- Modulight, Inc., Hermiankatu 22, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Graeme F. Woodworth
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Overcoming the diverse mechanisms of multidrug resistance in lung cancer cells by photodynamic therapy using pTHPP-loaded PLGA-lipid hybrid nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:218-228. [PMID: 32112893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) and the spread of cancer cells (metastasis) are major causes leading to failure of cancer treatment. MDR can develop in two main ways, with differences in their mechanisms for drug resistance, first drug-selected MDR developing after chemotherapeutic treatment, and metastasis-associated MDR acquired by cellular adaptation to microenvironmental changes during metastasis. This study aims to use a nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy (NPs/PDT) approach to overcome both types of MDR. A photosensitizer, 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (pTHPP) was loaded into poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-lipid hybrid nanoparticles. The photocytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles was evaluated using two different MDR models established from one cell line, A549 human lung adenocarcinoma, including (1) A549RT-eto, a MDR cell line derived from A549 cells by drug-selection, and (2) detachment-induced MDR acquired by A549 cells when cultured as floating cells under non-adherent conditions, which mimic metastasizing cancer cells in the blood/lymphatic circulation. In the drug-selected MDR model, A549RT-eto cells displayed 17.4- and 1.8-fold resistance to Etoposide and Paclitaxel, respectively, compared to the A549 parental cells. In contrast to treatment with anticancer drugs, NPs/PDT with pTHPP-loaded nanoparticles resulted in equal photocytotoxic effect in A549RT-eto and parental cells. Intracellular pTHPP accumulation and light-induced superoxide anion generation were observed at similar levels in the two cell lines. The NPs/PDT killed A549RT-eto and parental cells through apoptosis as revealed by flow cytometry. In the metastasis-associated MDR model, A549 floating cells exhibited resistance to Etoposide (11.6-fold) and Paclitaxel (57.8-fold) compared to A549 attached cells, but the floating cells failed to show resistance against the photocytotoxic effect of the NPs/PDT. The MDR overcoming activity of NPs/PDT is mainly due to delivery ability of the PLGA-lipid hybrid nanoparticles. In conclusion, this work suggests that PLGA-lipid hybrid nanoparticles have potential in delivering photosensitizer or chemotherapeutic drug for treating both drug-selected and metastasis-associated MDR lung cancer cells.
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Immunological and Toxicological Considerations for the Design of Liposomes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020190. [PMID: 31978968 PMCID: PMC7074910 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes hold great potential as gene and drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility and modular properties, coupled with the major advantage of attenuating the risk of systemic toxicity from the encapsulated therapeutic agent. Decades of research have been dedicated to studying and optimizing liposomal formulations for a variety of medical applications, ranging from cancer therapeutics to analgesics. Some effort has also been made to elucidate the toxicities and immune responses that these drug formulations may elicit. Notably, intravenously injected liposomes can interact with plasma proteins, leading to opsonization, thereby altering the healthy cells they come into contact with during circulation and removal. Additionally, due to the pharmacokinetics of liposomes in circulation, drugs can end up sequestered in organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system, affecting liver and spleen function. Importantly, liposomal agents can also stimulate or suppress the immune system depending on their physiochemical properties, such as size, lipid composition, pegylation, and surface charge. Despite the surge in the clinical use of liposomal agents since 1995, there are still several drawbacks that limit their range of applications. This review presents a focused analysis of these limitations, with an emphasis on toxicity to healthy tissues and unfavorable immune responses, to shed light on key considerations that should be factored into the design and clinical use of liposomal formulations.
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Liang BJ, Pigula M, Baglo Y, Najafali D, Hasan T, Huang HC. Breaking the selectivity-uptake trade-off of photoimmunoconjugates with nanoliposomal irinotecan for synergistic multi-tier cancer targeting. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:1. [PMID: 31898555 PMCID: PMC6939330 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoimmunotherapy involves targeted delivery of photosensitizers via an antibody conjugate (i.e., photoimmunoconjugate, PIC) followed by light activation for selective tumor killing. The trade-off between PIC selectivity and PIC uptake is a major drawback limiting the efficacy of photoimmunotherapy. Despite ample evidence showing that photoimmunotherapy is most effective when combined with chemotherapy, the design of nanocarriers to co-deliver PICs and chemotherapy drugs remains an unmet need. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel photoimmunoconjugate-nanoliposome (PIC-Nal) comprising of three clinically used agents: anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab (Cet), benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) photosensitizer, and irinotecan (IRI) chemotherapy. RESULTS The BPD photosensitizers were first tethered to Cet at a molar ratio of 6:1 using carbodiimide chemistry to form PICs. Conjugation of PICs onto nanoliposome irinotecan (Nal-IRI) was facilitated by copper-free click chemistry, which resulted in monodispersed PIC-Nal-IRI with an average size of 158.8 ± 15.6 nm. PIC-Nal-IRI is highly selective against EGFR-overexpressing epithelial ovarian cancer cells with 2- to 6-fold less accumulation in low EGFR expressing cells. Successful coupling of PIC onto Nal-IRI enhanced PIC uptake and photoimmunotherapy efficacy by up to 30% in OVCAR-5 cells. Furthermore, PIC-Nal-IRI synergistically reduced cancer viability via a unique three-way mechanism (i.e., EGFR downregulation, mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA damage). CONCLUSION It is increasingly evident that the most effective therapies for cancer will involve combination treatments that target multiple non-overlapping pathways while minimizing side effects. Nanotechnology combined with photochemistry provides a unique opportunity to simultaneously deliver and activate multiple drugs that target all major regions of a cancer cell-plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. PIC-Nal-IRI offers a promising strategy to overcome the selectivity-uptake trade-off, improve photoimmunotherapy efficacy, and enable multi-tier cancer targeting. Controllable drug compartmentalization, easy surface modification, and high clinical relevance collectively make PIC-Nal-IRI extremely valuable and merits further investigations in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Michael Pigula
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yan Baglo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Daniel Najafali
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Khot MI, Downey CL, Armstrong G, Svavarsdottir HS, Jarral F, Andrew H, Jayne DG. The role of ABCG2 in modulating responses to anti-cancer photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101579. [PMID: 31639455 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) transmembrane protein transporter is known for conferring resistance to treatment in cancers. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anti-cancer method involving the use of light-activated photosensitisers to precisely induce oxidative stress and cell death in cancers. ABCG2 can efflux photosensitisers from out of cells, reducing the capacity of PDT and limiting the efficacy of treatment. Many studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between the expression of ABCG2 in cancers, its effect on the cellular retention of photosensitisers and its impact on PDT. This review looks at the studies which investigate the effect of ABCG2 on a range of different photosensitisers in different pre-clinical models of cancer. This work also evaluates the approaches that are being investigated to address the role of ABCG2 in PDT with an outlook on potential clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ibrahim Khot
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Candice L Downey
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gemma Armstrong
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Fazain Jarral
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Helen Andrew
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David G Jayne
- School of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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36
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Ghosh S, Carter KA, Lovell JF. Liposomal formulations of photosensitizers. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119341. [PMID: 31336279 PMCID: PMC6663636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical ablation modality to treat cancers and other diseases. PDT involves administration of a photosensitizer, followed by irradiation of target tissue with light. As many photosensitizers are small and hydrophobic, solubilization approaches and nanoscale delivery vehicles have been extensively explored. Liposomes and lipid-based formulations have been used for the past 30 years, and in some cases have been developed into well-defined commercial PDT products. This review provides an overview of common liposomal formulation strategies for photosensitizers for PDT and also photothermal therapy. Furthermore, research efforts have examined the impact of co-loading therapeutic cargo along with photosensitizers within liposomes. Additional recent approaches including imaging, overcoming hypoxia, upconversion and activatable liposomal formulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Kevin A Carter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
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37
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Inglut CT, Baglo Y, Liang BJ, Cheema Y, Stabile J, Woodworth GF, Huang HC. Systematic Evaluation of Light-Activatable Biohybrids for Anti-Glioma Photodynamic Therapy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1269. [PMID: 31438568 PMCID: PMC6780262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitizing biomolecules (PSBM) represent a new generation of light-absorbing compounds with improved optical and physicochemical properties for biomedical applications. Despite numerous advances in lipid-, polymer-, and protein-based PSBMs, their effective use requires a fundamental understanding of how macromolecular structure influences the physicochemical and biological properties of the photosensitizer. Here, we prepared and characterized three well-defined PSBMs based on a clinically used photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD). The PSBMs include 16:0 lysophosphocholine-BPD (16:0 Lyso PC-BPD), distearoyl-phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene-glycol-BPD (DSPE-PEG-BPD), and anti-EGFR cetuximab-BPD (Cet-BPD). In two glioma cell lines, DSPE-PEG-BPD exhibited the highest singlet oxygen yield but was the least phototoxic due to low cellular uptake. The 16:0 Lyso PC-BPD was most efficient in promoting cellular uptake but redirected BPD's subcellular localization from mitochondria to lysosomes. At 24 h after incubation, proteolyzed Cet-BPD was localized to mitochondria and effectively disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential upon light activation. Our results revealed the variable trafficking and end effects of PSBMs, providing valuable insights into methods of PSBM evaluation, as well as strategies to select PSBMs based on subcellular targets and cytotoxic mechanisms. We demonstrated that biologically informed combinations of PSBMs to target lysosomes and mitochondria, concurrently, may lead to enhanced therapeutic effects against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin T Inglut
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yan Baglo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Barry J Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yahya Cheema
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jillian Stabile
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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