1
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Kim HJ, Jin X, Choi JW. Investigation of bio-based rigid polyurethane foams synthesized with lignin and castor oil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13490. [PMID: 38866939 PMCID: PMC11169680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, polyurethane (PU) foams were manufactured using kraft lignin and castor oil as bio-based polyols by replacing 5-20 wt% and 10-100 wt% of conventional polyol, respectively. To investigate the effects of unmodified bio-based polyols on PU foam production, reactivity and morphology within PU composites was analyzed as well as mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting foams. Bio-based PU foam production was carried out after characterizing the reagents used in the foaming process (including hydroxyl group content, molecular weight distribution, and viscosity). To compare the resulting bio-based PU foams, control foam were produced without any bio-based polyol under the same experimental conditions. For lignin-incorporated PU foams, two types, LPU and lpu, were manufactured with index ratio of 1.01 and 1.3, respectively. The compressive strength of LPU foams increased with lignin content from 5 wt% (LPU5: 147 kPa) to 20 wt% (LPU20: 207 kPa), although it remained lower than that of the control foam (PU0: 326 kPa). Similarly, the compressive strength of lpu foams was lower than that of the control foam (pu0: 441 kPa), with values of 164 kPa (lpu5), 163 kPa (lpu10), 167 kPa (lpu15), and 147 kPa (lpu20). At 10 wt% lignin content, both foams (LPU10 and lpu10) exhibited the smallest and most homogenous pore sizes and structures. For castor oil-incorporated PU foams with an index of 1.01, denoted as CPU, increasing castor oil content resulted in larger cell sizes and void fractions, transitioning to an open-cell structure and decreasing the compressive strength of the foams from 284 kPa (CPU10) to 23 kPa (CPU100). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results indicated the formation of characteristic urethane linkages in PU foams and confirmed that bio-based polyols were less reactive with isocyanate compared to traditional polyol. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that incorporating lignin and castor oil affected the thermal decomposition behavior. The thermal stability of lignin-incorporated PU foams improved as the lignin content increased with char yields increasing from 11.5 wt% (LPU5) to 15.8 wt% (LPU20) and from 12.4 wt% (lpu5) to 17.5 wt% (lpu20). Conversely, the addition of castor oil resulted in decreased thermal stability, with char yields decreasing from 10.6 wt% (CPU10) to 4.2 wt% (CPU100). This research provides a comprehensive understanding of PU foams incorporating unmodified biomass-derived polyols (lignin and castor oil), suggesting their potential for value-added utilization as bio-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuanjun Jin
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Weon Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Nunes da Silva VF, Farias de Menezes F, Gonçalves AR, Martín C, de Moraes Rocha GJ. Modulating the properties and structure of lignins produced by alkaline delignification of sugarcane bagasse pretreated with two different mineral acids at pilot-scale. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130111. [PMID: 38346614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with dilute phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid to facilitate cellulose hydrolysis and lignin extraction. With phosphoric acid, only 8 % of the initial cellulose was lost after delignification, whereas pretreatment with sulfuric acid resulted in the solubilization of 38 % of the initial cellulose. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the process using phosphoric acid produced approximately 35 % more glucose than that using sulfuric acid. In general, the lignins showed 95-97 % purity (total lignin, w/w), an average molar mass of 9500-10,200 g mol-1, a glass transition temperature of 140-160 °C, and a calorific value of 25 MJ kg-1. Phosphoric acid lignin (PAL) was slightly more polar than sulfuric acid lignin (SAL). PAL had 13 % more oxidized units and 20 % more OH groups than SAL. Regardless of the acid used, the lignins shared similar properties, but differed slightly in the characteristics of their functional groups and chemical bonds. These findings show that pretreatment catalyzed with either of the two acids resulted in lignin with sufficiently good characteristics for use in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabricia Farias de Menezes
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro, 10000, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Adilson Roberto Gonçalves
- Bioenergy Reasearch Institute (IPBEN), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua 10, 2527, Rio Claro, SP 13500-230, Brazil
| | - Carlos Martín
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, N-2317 Hamar, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - George Jackson de Moraes Rocha
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro, 10000, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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3
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Zhang X, Han L, Zhang H, Cai W, Wang X, Wang S, Gao Y, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang S. Multifunctional Bagasse Foam with Improved Thermal Insulation and Flame Retardancy by a Borax-Induced Self-Assembly and Ambient Pressure Drying Technique. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13611-13621. [PMID: 38456377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose foams are considered an effective alternative to plastic foam, because of their advantages of low density, high porosity, low thermal conductivity, and renewable nature. However, they still suffer from complex processing, poor mechanical properties, and flammability. As an agricultural waste, bagasse is rich in cellulose, which has attracted much attention. Inspired by the fact that borate ions can effectively enhance the strength of plant tissue by their cross-linking with polysaccharides, the present work designs and fabricates a series of multifunctional bagasse foams with robust strength and improved thermal insulation and flame retardancy via a unique borax-induced self-assembly and atmospheric pressure drying route using bagasse as a raw material, borate as a cross-linking agent, and chitosan as an additive. As a result, the optimized foam exhibits a high porosity (93.5%), a high hydrophobic water contact angle (150.4°), a low thermal conductivity (63.4 mW/(m·K) at 25 °C), and an outstanding flame retardancy. The present study provides a novel and inspiring idea for large-scale production of cellulose foams through an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Lei Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Weijie Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yabo Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yage Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, U.K
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4
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Cheng XC, Wei YN, Yuan LL, Qin Z, Liu HM, Wang XD. Structural characterization of lignin-carbohydrate complexes from Chinese quince fruits extracted after enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125664. [PMID: 37406919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese quince fruit (CQF) contains abundant pectin; however, the pectin cannot be efficiently separated by conventional approaches because of strong lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC). In this study, to elucidate the structural characteristics of the original LCC formed by lignin and pectin in CQF, single and multiple enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatments were innovatively performed, and the resulting LCC preparations were comprehensively characterized using a series of techniques. The enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatments significantly increase the LCC yield, releasing LCC fractions with low molecular weights (Mw = 4660-8288 Da). LCC-4, isolated by pretreatment with cellulase plus xylanase, had the highest galacturonic acid content (15.5 %), followed by LCC-2 (isolated by xylanase pretreatment) of 14.0 %. In CQF, lignin develops lignin-carbohydrate (LC) bonds with pectin to form LCC, with phenyl-glycoside bond being the dominant linkage. Although the pectinase pretreatment reduced the pectin content, signals of the LC linkages in the 2D-HSQC spectra were enhanced. LCC-4 could be considered as the most representative of the original LCC in CQF due to its high pectin content and multiple LCC signals in the 2D-HSQC spectrum. The structural understanding of the original LCC in CQF will lay a foundation for designing appropriate methods for extracting pectin from CQF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chuang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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5
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Zhan Q, Lin Q, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Ren J. A fractionation strategy of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from wheat straw via the biphasic pretreatment for biomass valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128887. [PMID: 36925080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing an environmentally friendly and efficient pretreatment to utilize wheat straw is essential to a sustainable future. An acid biphasic system with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) organic solvent and dilute p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) were employed for the simultaneous fractionation of three components. Results showed that the biphasic system had excellent cellulose protection and high removal of hemicellulose and lignin. In detail, Under the optimal conditions (0.1 M p-TsOH, 2-MeTHF: H2O = 1:1 (v:v), 140 °C, 3 h), mostly cellulose retained in the residues (95.69%), 57.18% of lignin was removed and high yield of hemicellulose-based C5 sugars was achieved (77.49%). In the further process of dehydration of pre-hydrolysate dichloromethane (DCM) as an organic phase, the yield of furfural was 80.07% (170 °C-80 min). The saccharification of residue reached 95.82%. p-TsOH/2-MeTHF/H2O pretreatment was desirable for high selectivity fractionation. Important chemicals for bioenergy including furfural, monosaccharides and lignin are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qixuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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6
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Keck S, Liske O, Seidler K, Steyrer B, Gorsche C, Knaus S, Baudis S. Synthesis of a Liquid Lignin-Based Methacrylate Resin and Its Application in 3D Printing without Any Reactive Diluents. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1751-1762. [PMID: 36926866 PMCID: PMC10091419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of bio-based and renewable polymers such as lignin has gained research attention during the last few decades. We report on the synthesis and characterization of a liquid lignin-based photopolymer and its application in additive manufacturing (AM). Wheat straw soda lignin is liquified in an oxyalkylation reaction with propylene oxide under alkaline conditions and modified with methacryloyl chloride to obtain a lignin-based methacrylate resin. Ninety percent of the functional hydroxyl groups are grafted during the synthesis. The photopolymerization efficiency was evaluated by real-time-NIR-photorheology experiments with two different photoinitiators, leading to double bond conversions (DBC) of ≥80%. 3D-printing experiments of the methacrylated lignin were performed with the hot lithography technology. For the first time, a light-curable lignin derivative with a lignin content of over 30% was successfully 3D printed via vat photopolymerization without any reactive diluents, which is a significant improvement over current state-of-the-art solutions. This outstanding result is a motivating proof of concept and a promising starting point for the in-depth evaluation of bio-based precursors as an alternative to nonrenewable derivatives for 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keck
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga Liske
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstanze Seidler
- Cubicure GmbH, Gutheil-Schoder-Gasse 17, Tech Park Vienna, 1230 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Steyrer
- Cubicure GmbH, Gutheil-Schoder-Gasse 17, Tech Park Vienna, 1230 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Cubicure GmbH, Gutheil-Schoder-Gasse 17, Tech Park Vienna, 1230 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Knaus
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Zhang S, Dong Z, Shi J, Yang C, Fang Y, Chen G, Chen H, Tian C. Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover lignin by laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127699. [PMID: 35905874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin of high purity and structural integrity was isolated from the enzymatic residue of corn stover. Degradation of the lignin by laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase was investigated. Structural changes in the lignin after degradation were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the enzymatic products were systematically analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The highest percentage of lignin degradation was obtained with a mixture of three enzymes (25.79%): laccase (Lac), the starting enzyme of the mixed enzyme reaction, worked with lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP) to further degrade lignin. This degradation destroyed the macromolecular structure of lignin, broke its key chemical bonds, and opened benzene rings, thus producing more acidic compounds. This study elucidated the concept of degrading lignin from corn stover using the Lac, LiP and MnP enzymes synergistically, thus providing a theoretical basis for the biodegradation of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zijian Dong
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia Shi
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chengrui Yang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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8
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Chen W, Dong T, Bai F, Wang J, Li X. Lignin–carbohydrate complexes, their fractionation, and application to healthcare materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Bandeira CF, Costa ACAD, Montoro SR, Costa ML, Botelho EC. Thermal behavior evaluation of benzoxazine reinforced with
macadamia
biomass composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cirlene Fourquet Bandeira
- Engineering Department Volta Redonda University Center (UniFOA) Volta Redonda Brazil
- Materials and Technology Department School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Guaratinguetá Brazil
| | | | | | - Michelle Leali Costa
- Materials and Technology Department School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Guaratinguetá Brazil
- Lightweight Structures Laboratory – LEL Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo‐IPT São José dos Campos Brazil
| | - Edson Cocchieri Botelho
- Materials and Technology Department School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Guaratinguetá Brazil
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10
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Ajala EO, Ighalo JO, Ajala MA, Adeniyi AG, Ayanshola AM. Sugarcane bagasse: a biomass sufficiently applied for improving global energy, environment and economic sustainability. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:87. [PMID: 38650274 PMCID: PMC10991612 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (SCB) is a biomass of agricultural waste obtained from sugarcane processing that has been found in abundance globally. Due to its abundance in nature, researchers have been harnessing this biomass for numerous applications such as in energy and environmental sustainability. However, before it could be optimally utilised, it has to be pre-treated using available methods. Different pre-treatment methods were reviewed for SCB, both alkaline and alkali-acid process reveal efficient and successful approaches for obtaining higher glucose production from hydrolysis. Procedures for hydrolysis were evaluated, and results indicate that pre-treated SCB was susceptible to acid and enzymatic hydrolysis as > 80% glucose yield was obtained in both cases. The SCB could achieve a bio-ethanol (a biofuel) yield of > 0.2 g/g at optimal conditions and xylitol (a bio-product) yield at > 0.4 g/g in most cases. Thermochemical processing of SCB also gave excellent biofuel yields. The plethora of products obtained in this regard have been catalogued and elucidated extensively. As found in this study, the SCB could be used in diverse applications such as adsorbent, ion exchange resin, briquettes, ceramics, concrete, cement and polymer composites. Consequently, the SCB is a biomass with great potential to meet global energy demand and encourage environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Ajala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
- Unilorin Sugar Research Institute, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - J O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - M A Ajala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A G Adeniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A M Ayanshola
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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11
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Liu Y, Tang Y, Gao H, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Xin F, Jiang M. Challenges and Future Perspectives of Promising Biotechnologies for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery. Molecules 2021; 26:5411. [PMID: 34500844 PMCID: PMC8433869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a kind of renewable bioresource containing abundant polysaccharides, which can be used for biochemicals and biofuels production. However, the complex structure hinders the final efficiency of lignocellulosic biorefinery. This review comprehensively summarizes the hydrolases and typical microorganisms for lignocellulosic degradation. Moreover, the commonly used bioprocesses for lignocellulosic biorefinery are also discussed, including separated hydrolysis and fermentation, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and consolidated bioprocessing. Among these methods, construction of microbial co-culturing systems via consolidated bioprocessing is regarded as a potential strategy to efficiently produce biochemicals and biofuels, providing theoretical direction for constructing efficient and stable biorefinery process system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.G.); (W.Z.); (M.J.)
| | - Yunhan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.G.); (W.Z.); (M.J.)
| | - Haiyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.G.); (W.Z.); (M.J.)
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.G.); (W.Z.); (M.J.)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.G.); (W.Z.); (M.J.)
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.G.); (W.Z.); (M.J.)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (H.G.); (W.Z.); (M.J.)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
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12
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Strategies for the Removal of Polysaccharides from Biorefinery Lignins: Process Optimization and Techno Economic Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113324. [PMID: 34206027 PMCID: PMC8197879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of biorefinery lignins as a renewable resource for the production of bio-based chemicals and materials remain a challenge because of the high polysaccharide content of this variety of lignins. This study provides two simple methods; (i) the alkaline hydrolysis-acid precipitation method and (ii) the acid hydrolysis method for the removal of polysaccharides from polymeric biorefinery lignin samples. Both purification strategies are optimized for two different hardwood hydrolysis lignins, HL1 and HL2, containing 15.1% and 10.1% of polysaccharides, respectively. The treated lignins are characterized by polysaccharide content, molecular weight, hydroxyl content, and Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Preliminary techno-economic calculations are also carried out for both purification processes to assess the economic potential of these technologies. The results indicate that both protocols could be used for the purification of HL1 and HL2 hydrolysis lignins because of the minimal polysaccharide content obtained in the treated lignins. Nevertheless, from an industrial and economic perspective the acid hydrolysis technology using low acid concentrations and high temperatures is favored over the alkaline hydrolysis-acid precipitation strategy.
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Dörrstein J, Schwarz D, Scholz R, Walther F, Zollfrank C. Tuneable material properties of Organosolv lignin biocomposites in response to heat and shear forces. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gan T, Zhou Q, Su C, Xia J, Xie D, Liu Z, Cao Y. Efficient isolation of organosolv lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) with high antioxidative activity via introducing LiCl/DMSO dissolving. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:752-761. [PMID: 33798581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) have shown great potential as biocompatible antioxidants. But it is difficult to isolate LCC efficiently from lignocellulose by traditional Solid-Liquid Extraction method (SLE), which is blamed to the innate bioimpedance caused by the complex supramolecular structure of the lignocellulose, and a great mass transferring resistance between the extracting solution and solid lignocellulose. To release these restrictions above and improve the efficiency of LCC isolation, a modified isolating method named Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) was proposed, in which ball-milled wheat stalk was dissolved in lithium chloride/dimethyl sulfoxide (LiCl/DMSO) solution, then regenerated by dioxane aqueous to extract LL-LCCs. The effect of the LLE on the LCC isolating was evaluated and results showed that both the total yield and antioxidant activity of LL-LCCs were higher than that of control group. It proved the dissolution of wheat stalk in LiCl/DMSO solution could reduce the mass transfer resistance during the extraction. Due to the catalyzation of LiCl as Lewis acid, LL-LCCs had lower molecular weight but more phenolic hydroxyl groups and higher S/G ratios. These factors of LL-LCCs resulted in greater free-radical scavenging ability than control sample. The modified isolation protocol could facilitate the isolation and utilization of LCCs as a free-radical scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qia Zhou
- Hmei Machinery & Engineering Co., Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chen Su
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianyu Xia
- School of Textile Clothing and Arts Media, Suzhou Institute of Trade & Commerce, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Di Xie
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhulan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Comparison of Polysaccharides Extracted from Cultivated Mycelium of Inonotus obliquus with Polysaccharide Fractions Obtained from Sterile Conk (Chaga) and Birch Heart Rot. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030189. [PMID: 33800424 PMCID: PMC8000984 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharides of the sterile conk of Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) have demonstrated multiple bioactivities. The mycelium of this basidiomycete, obtained after submerged cultivation, has been considered a feasible alternative to the sterile conk for the production of polysaccharides. However, previous research has paid little attention to the differences in the structures of polymers obtained from the different resources. Moreover, the birch wood colonized by I. obliquus has never been investigated as a source of bioactive polysaccharides. In the present study, polysaccharide fractions produced from cultivated mycelium, sterile conks of different geographical origins, and birch heart rot were investigated. High amounts of phenolic compounds, possibly lignans, were bound to the sterile conk polysaccharides. Mycelial polysaccharides were rich in α- and β-glucans and had high (105 Da) and low (104 Da) molecular weight populations. On the other hand, sterile conk polysaccharides were mainly β-glucan of lower and monodispersed molecular weight (103 Da). Heart rot polysaccharides were comprised mainly of low molecular weight (103 Da) hemicelluloses. Nevertheless, fungal polysaccharides were identified in the extracts. The differences in structure and molecular properties among the polysaccharide fractions of mycelium, heart rot, and sterile conk are likely associated with differences in bioactivities and, therefore, in nutraceutical potential.
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Xie D, Gan T, Su C, Han Y, Liu Z, Cao Y. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of water-soluble lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) isolated from wheat straw. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:315-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kline LM, Voothuluru P, Lenaghan SC, Burris JN, Soliman M, Tetard L, Stewart CN, Rials TG, Labbé N. A Robust Method to Quantify Cell Wall Bound Phenolics in Plant Suspension Culture Cells Using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:574016. [PMID: 33013999 PMCID: PMC7509179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.574016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The wide-scale production of renewable fuels from lignocellulosic feedstocks continues to be hampered by the natural recalcitrance of biomass. Therefore, there is a need to develop robust and reliable methods to characterize and quantify components that contribute to this recalcitrance. In this study, we utilized a method that incorporates pyrolysis with successive gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to assess lignification in cell suspension cultures. This method was compared with other standard techniques such as acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, acetyl bromide lignin determination, and nitrobenzene oxidation for quantification of cell wall bound phenolic compounds. We found that Py-GC/MS can be conducted with about 250 µg of tissue sample and provides biologically relevant data, which constitutes a substantial advantage when compared to the 50-300 mg of tissue needed for the other methods. We show that when combined with multivariate statistical analyses, Py-GC/MS can distinguish cell wall components of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) suspension cultures before and after inducing lignification. The deposition of lignin precursors on uninduced cell walls included predominantly guaiacyl-based units, 71% ferulic acid, and 5.3% p-coumaric acid. Formation of the primary and partial secondary cell wall was supported by the respective ~15× and ~1.7× increases in syringyl-based and guaiacyl-based precursors, respectively, in the induced cells. Ferulic acid was decreased by half after induction. These results provide the proof-of-concept for quick and reliable cell wall compositional analyses using Py-GC/MS and could be targeted for either translational genomics or for fundamental studies focused on understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms regulating plant cell wall production and biomass recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M. Kline
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Priya Voothuluru
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Scott C. Lenaghan
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jason N. Burris
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Mikhael Soliman
- Nanoscience Technology Center, Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Laurene Tetard
- Nanoscience Technology Center, Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Timothy G. Rials
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Nicole Labbé
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Vodo S, Taarji N, Bouhoute M, Felipe LDO, Neves MA, Kobayashi I, Uemura K, Nakajima M. Potential of bagasse obtained using hydrothermal liquefaction pre‐treatment as a natural emulsifier. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sekove Vodo
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T‐LSI) University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
| | - Noamane Taarji
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T‐LSI) University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
| | - Meryem Bouhoute
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T‐LSI) University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
| | - Lorena de Oliveira Felipe
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T‐LSI) University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
| | - Marcos A. Neves
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T‐LSI) University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
- Food Research Institute, NARO 2‐1‐12 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8642 Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T‐LSI) University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
- Food Research Institute, NARO 2‐1‐12 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8642 Japan
| | - Kunihiko Uemura
- Food Research Institute, NARO 2‐1‐12 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8642 Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T‐LSI) University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
- Food Research Institute, NARO 2‐1‐12 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8642 Japan
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Preparation of nanocellulose and lignin-carbohydrate complex composite biological carriers and culture of heart coronary artery endothelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:1161-1168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Perera Jayawickramage RA, Balkus KJ, Ferraris JP. Binder free carbon nanofiber electrodes derived from polyacrylonitrile-lignin blends for high performance supercapacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:355402. [PMID: 31100735 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin was blended with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in different ratios and fabricated into carbon nanofiber electrodes by electrospinning followed by thermal stabilization, carbonization and subsequent activation by CO2 of the carbonized mats. These carbon fiber electrodes exhibit high surface area, high mesoporosity, high graphitic content and high electrical conductivity. Activated carbon nanofiber mats derived from PAN:Lignin 70:30 blends display a surface area of 2370 m2 g-1 with 0.635 cm3 g-1 mesopore volume. These results are due to the selective partial removal of carbonized lignin during the activation step. Coin cell supercapacitors employing these electrodes exhibit 128 Fg-1 specific capacitance, 59 Wh kg-1 energy density and a 15 kW kg-1 power density when operated at 3.5 V using an ionic liquid electrolyte. Since lignin is an inexpensive, abundant, and green polymer, incorporating it into carbon blends enhances the scalability of such materials in energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangana A Perera Jayawickramage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States of America
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Joshi K, Shinde DR, Nikam LK, Panmand R, Sethi YA, Kale BB, Chaskar MG. Fragmented lignin-assisted synthesis of a hierarchical ZnO nanostructure for ammonia gas sensing. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2484-2492. [PMID: 35520531 PMCID: PMC9059865 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow sheet for isolation of fragmented lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan M. Joshi
- Prof. Ramakrishna More College
- Pune 44
- India
- B. R. Gholap College
- Pune
| | | | | | - Rajendra Panmand
- Nanocrystalline Laboratory
- Centre for Material for Electronic Technology (CMET)
- Department of Information Technology
- Govt. of India
- Pune 411007
| | - Yogesh A. Sethi
- Nanocrystalline Laboratory
- Centre for Material for Electronic Technology (CMET)
- Department of Information Technology
- Govt. of India
- Pune 411007
| | - Bharat B. Kale
- Nanocrystalline Laboratory
- Centre for Material for Electronic Technology (CMET)
- Department of Information Technology
- Govt. of India
- Pune 411007
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Chien YC, Yang TC, Hung KC, Li CC, Xu JW, Wu JH. Effects of heat treatment on the chemical compositions and thermal decomposition kinetics of Japanese cedar and beech wood. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tarasov D, Leitch M, Fatehi P. Lignin-carbohydrate complexes: properties, applications, analyses, and methods of extraction: a review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:269. [PMID: 30288174 PMCID: PMC6162904 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of lignin and hemicellulose segmentation has been known since the middle of the ninetieth century. Studies confirmed that all lignin units in coniferous species and 47-66% of lignin moieties in deciduous species are bound to hemicelluloses or cellulose molecules in lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC). Different types and proportions of lignin and polysaccharides present in biomass lead to the formation of LCC with a great variety of compositions and structures. The nature and amount of LCC linkages and lignin substructures affect the efficiency of pulping, hydrolysis, and digestibility of biomass. This review paper discusses the structures, compositions, and properties of LCC present in biomass and in the products obtained via pretreating biomass. Methods for extracting, fractionating, and analyzing LCC of biomass, pulp, and spent pulping liquors are critically reviewed. The main perspectives and challenges associated with these technologies are extensively discussed. LCC could be extracted from biomass following varied methods, among which dimethyl sulfoxide or dioxane (Björkman's) and acetic acid (LCC-AcOH) processes are the most widely applied. The oxidation and methylation treatments of LCC materials elucidate the locations and frequency of binding sites of hemicelluloses to lignin. The two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis allows the identification of the structure and the quantity of lignin-carbohydrate bonds involved in LCC. LCC application seems promising in medicine due to its high anti-HIV, anti-herpes, and anti-microbial activity. In addition, LCC was successfully employed as a precursor for the preparation of spherical biocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Tarasov
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada
- Natural Resource Management Faculty, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Mathew Leitch
- Natural Resource Management Faculty, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada
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Liu D, Yan X, Zhuo S, Si M, Liu M, Wang S, Ren L, Chai L, Shi Y. Pandoraea sp. B-6 assists the deep eutectic solvent pretreatment of rice straw via promoting lignin depolymerization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:62-68. [PMID: 29482167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin depolymerization is a challenging process in biorefinery due to the recalcitrant and complex structure of lignin. This challenge was herein addressed via elaborating a new strategy of combining the bacterial strain Pandoraea sp. B-6 (hereafter B-6) with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) to pretreat rice straw (RS). In this approach, DES effectively depolymerized lignin yet easily caused sugar loss under severe conditions. B-6 not only overcame the obstacle of lignin droplets, but also significantly improved enzymatic digestibility. After B-6 assisted DES pretreatment, the reducing sugar yield increases by 0.3-1.5 times over DES pretreatment and 0.9-3.1 times over the untreated RS. Furthermore, a "cornhusking" mechanism explaining the improvement of the enzymatic digestibility by B-6 was suggested based on physicochemical characterizations of the untreated and pretreated RS. The findings provided a comprehensive perspective to establish a DES-microbial process for lignocellulose pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengnan Zhuo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengying Si
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mingren Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lili Ren
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China.
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Zhang K, Si M, Liu D, Zhuo S, Liu M, Liu H, Yan X, Shi Y. A bionic system with Fenton reaction and bacteria as a model for bioprocessing lignocellulosic biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:31. [PMID: 29445420 PMCID: PMC5803899 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass offers a series of challenges for biochemical processing into biofuels and bio-products. For the first time, we address these challenges with a biomimetic system via a mild yet rapid Fenton reaction and lignocellulose-degrading bacterial strain Cupriavidus basilensis B-8 (here after B-8) to pretreat the rice straw (RS) by mimicking the natural fungal invasion process. Here, we also elaborated the mechanism through conducting a systematic study of physicochemical changes before and after pretreatment. RESULTS After synergistic Fenton and B-8 pretreatment, the reducing sugar yield was increased by 15.6-56.6% over Fenton pretreatment alone and 2.7-5.2 times over untreated RS (98 mg g-1). Morphological analysis revealed that pretreatment changed the surface morphology of the RS, and the increase in roughness and hydrophilic sites enhanced lignocellulose bioavailability. Chemical components analyses showed that B-8 removed part of the lignin and hemicellulose which caused the cellulose content to increase. In addition, the important chemical modifications also occurred in lignin, 2D NMR analysis of the lignin in residues indicated that the Fenton pretreatment caused partial depolymerization of lignin mainly by cleaving the β-O-4 linkages and by demethoxylation to remove the syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units. B-8 could depolymerize amount of the G units by cleaving the β-5 linkages that interconnect the lignin subunits. CONCLUSIONS A biomimetic system with a biochemical Fenton reaction and lignocellulose-degrading bacteria was confirmed to be able for the pretreatment of RS to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis under mild conditions. The high digestibility was attributed to the destruction of the lignin structure, partial hydrolysis of the hemicellulose and partial surface oxidation of the cellulose. The mechanism of synergistic Fenton and B-8 pretreatment was also explored to understand the change in the RS and the bacterial effects on enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, this biomimetic system offers new insights into the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengying Si
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Zhuo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingren Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 People’s Republic of China
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Shen Z, Zhang K, Si M, Liu M, Zhuo S, Liu D, Ren L, Yan X, Shi Y. Synergy of lignocelluloses pretreatment by sodium carbonate and bacterium to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:154-160. [PMID: 29040849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied a new strategy for pretreatment of rice straw (RS) to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis under mild condition. This approach uses the synergy of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and the bacterial strain Cupriavidus basilensis B-8 (hereafter B-8). After synergistic Na2CO3 and B-8 pretreatment (SNBP), the reducing sugar yield varied from 335.3mg/g to 799.6mg/g under different conditions. This increased by 13-31% over Na2CO3 pretreatment (284.2-719.2mg/g) and 3.42-8.15times over the untreated RS (98mg/g). Moreover, the composition of RS was changed significantly through decreases in lignin and hemicellulose. We confirmed this change by compositional analysis and physicochemical characterization of the structure of RS before and after pretreatment. We also elaborated a mechanism for SNBP to better explain RS changes and bacterial effects on enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Shen
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Kejing Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Mengying Si
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Mingren Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zhuo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Lili Ren
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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27
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Cauliflower waste utilization for sustainable biobutanol production: revelation of drying kinetics and bioprocess development. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1493-1506. [PMID: 28674730 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Efficient yet economic production of biofuel(s) using varied second-generation feedstock needs to be explored in the current scenario to cope up with global fuel demand. Hence, the present study was performed to reveal the use of cauliflower waste for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production using Clostridium acetobutylicum NRRL B 527. The proximate analysis of cauliflower waste demonstrated to comprise 17.32% cellulose, 9.12% hemicellulose, and 5.94% lignin. Drying of cauliflower waste was carried out in the temperature range of 60-120 °C to investigate its effect on ABE production. The experimental drying data were simulated using moisture diffusion control model. The cauliflower waste dried at 80 °C showed maximum total sugar yield of 26.05 g L-1. Furthermore, the removal of phenolics, acetic acid, and total furans was found to be 90-97, 10-40, and 95-97%, respectively. Incidentally, maximum ABE titer obtained was 5.35 g L-1 with 50% sugar utilization.
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28
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Vinardell MP, Mitjans M. Lignins and Their Derivatives with Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061219. [PMID: 28590454 PMCID: PMC5486042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the pharmacological applications of lignins provides evidence of their protective role against the development of different diseases. In many cases, the effects of lignins could be explained by their antioxidant capacity. Here, we present a systematic review of the literature from the period 2010–2016 which provides information concerning new applications of lignins derived from recent research. The most promising findings are reported, including the methodologies employed and results obtained with lignins or their derivatives which may improve human health. We highlight potential applications in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, viral infections and cancer. Moreover, we report both that lignins can be used in the preparation of nanoparticles to deliver different drugs and also their use in photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Vinardell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Yin HS, Liu HM, Liu YL. Structural Characterization of Lignin in Fruits and Stalks of Chinese Quince. Molecules 2017; 22:E890. [PMID: 28555026 PMCID: PMC6152639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) is used in food and pharmaceutical products, but it is seldom eaten as a raw fruit due to its astringent, woody flesh. The structural characterization of lignin fractions from Chinese quince was very important to investigate the structure-activity relationships of lignin. In this investigation, to characterize the structure of lignin in Chinese quince fruits, the milled wood lignin sample was isolated from the fruits (FMWL) and the chemical structure of FMWL was investigated by sugar analysis, FT-IR, GPC, pyrolysis-GC/MS analysis, UV spectra analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and advanced NMR spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the lignin fraction from the stalk of Chinese quince (SMWL) was also prepared for comparison to obtained more information of lignin structure in the fruits. The results showed that the two lignin fractions isolated from fruit and stalk of Chinese quince exhibited different structural features. The two MWL samples were mainly composed of β-O-4 ether bonds, β-5 and β-β' carbon-carbon linkages in the lignin structural units. Compared to the SMWL, the FMWL fraction had the higher S/G ratio and more carbohydrates linkages. The predominant carbohydrates associated with FMWL and SMWL fractions were glucans-type hemicelluloses and xylan-type hemicelluloses, respectively. Understanding the structure of lignin could give insight into the properties of the lignin and enable the food processing industry to separate lignin more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shuang Yin
- Department of Oil Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- Department of Oil Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yu-Lan Liu
- Department of Oil Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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30
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Mohtar SS, Tengku Malim Busu TNZ, Md Noor AM, Shaari N, Mat H. An ionic liquid treatment and fractionation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 166:291-299. [PMID: 28385235 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on a complete isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic compounds from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by ionic liquid (IL) treatment and alkaline treatment processes. The fractionated lignocellulosic compounds were confirmed by FTIR and CP/MAS 13CNMR analyses. The yield of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions was 52.72±1.50% wt., 27.17±1.68% wt. and 16.82±1.15% wt. with molecular weight of 1869g/mol, 1736g/mol and 2695g/mol, and degradation temperature of 325.65°C, 236.25°C, and 201.40°C, respectively. The SEM image illustrates the bundle-like fiber of cellulose fraction and smaller particle size of hemicellulose and lignin fractions with inconsistent shape. The XRD patterns depict the crystalline cellulose, amorphous lignin and partially amorphous hemicellulose fractions property. The IL could be recovered and reused with an overall recovery of 48% wt. after the fourth cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Syazana Mohtar
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Nur Zulaikha Tengku Malim Busu
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Mujahid Md Noor
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norsalliana Shaari
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hanapi Mat
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Material and Separation Technologies (AMSET) Research Group, Health and Wellness Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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31
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Study of Chemical and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Material to Obtain Fermentable Sugars. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/5680105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis using a factorial experimental design (23) in order to obtain fermentable sugars from cellulose-based material (CBM) usually used as pet litter. In assessing chemical hydrolysis, we studied the effect of temperature, in addition to H2SO4 concentration and reaction time, on the production of total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble lignin, carbohydrate profile, furfural (F), and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). We performed a response surface analysis and found that, at 100°C, 1% acid concentration, and 60 min reaction time, the yields of 0.0033 g reducing sugar/g biomass and 0.0852 g total sugars/g biomass were obtained. Under the above conditions, F is not generated, while HMF is generated in such a concentration that does not inhibit fermentation. We pretreated the CBM with H2SO4, NaOH, CaO, or ozonolysis, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis from the pretreated biomass, using an enzymatic cocktail. Results showed that CBM with acid was susceptible to enzymatic attack, obtaining a concentration of 0.1570 g reducing sugars/g biomass and 0.3798 g total sugars/g biomass. We concluded that acid pretreatment was the best to obtain fermentable sugars from CBM.
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32
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Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes Based Spherical Biocarriers: Preparation, Characterization, and Biocompatibility. INT J POLYM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/4915185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spherical biocarriers were prepared with lignin-carbohydrate complexes isolated from ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) xylem. The specific surface and average pore size of the biocarriers were 17.15 m2 g−1 and 21.59 nm, respectively. The carriers were stable in solution at pH 4.0~9.5. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum indicated that the spherical carrier was composed of lignin and polysaccharides and had a typical lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) structure. The contents of galactose, lignin, and total sugar were 3.30%, 23.9%, and 64.62%, respectively, making the spherical biocarriers have good physical strength and compatible with hepatocytes. It was observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that liver cells adhered to the spherical biocarriers during culture. Cell counting indicated that the proliferation of liver cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The albumin secretion (ALB) value and glucose consumption of the human hepatocytes were increased by 51.7% and 38.6%, respectively, by the fourth day when cultivated on the biocarriers. The results indicate that ginkgo LCC is very biocompatible and shows promise for the use as a biomaterial in the culture of human hepatocytes.
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Devendra LP, Kiran Kumar M, Pandey A. Evaluation of hydrotropic pretreatment on lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 213:350-358. [PMID: 27013188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of cellulosic ethanol from biomass is considered as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, providing a sustainable option for fuels production in an environmentally compatible manner. The presence of lignin poses a significant challenge for obtaining biofuels and bioproducts from biomass. Part of that problem involves understanding fundamental aspects of lignin structure which can provide a pathway for the development of improved technologies for biomass conversion. Hydrotropic pretreatment has several attractive features that make it an attractive alternative for biofuel production. This review highlights the recent developments on hydrotropic pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic biomass on a molecular structure basis for recalcitrance, with emphasis on lignin concerning chemical structure, transformation and recalcitrance. The review also evaluates the hydrotropic delignification in comparison to alkaline delignification on lignin reduction and surface coverage by lignin. The effect of hydrotrope pretreatment on enzymatic saccharification has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena P Devendra
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India.
| | - M Kiran Kumar
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India
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34
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Biswas B, Singh R, Kumar J, Khan AA, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T. Slow pyrolysis of prot, alkali and dealkaline lignins for production of chemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 213:319-326. [PMID: 26873286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Effect of different lignins were studied during slow pyrolysis. Maximum bio-oil yield of 31.2, 34.1, and 29.5wt.% was obtained at 350, 450 and 350°C for prot lignin, alkali lignin and dealkaline lignin respectively. Maximum yield of phenolic compounds 78%, 80% and 92% from prot lignin, alkali and dealkaline lignin at 350, 450 and 350°C. The differences in the pyrolysis products indicated the source of lignins such as soft and hard wood lignins. The biochar characterisation revealed that the various ether linkages were broken during pyrolysis and lignin was converted into monomeric substituted phenols. Bio-oil showed that the relative contents of each phenolic compound changes significantly with pyrolysis temperature and also the relative contents of each compound changes with different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Biswas
- Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rawel Singh
- Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adnan Ali Khan
- Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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35
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Oveissi F, Sitter T, Fatehi P. PDADMAC as a flocculant for lignosulfonate of NSSC pulping process. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:686-91. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Oveissi
- Chemical Engineering Dept.; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Thomas Sitter
- Chemical Engineering Dept.; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Chemical Engineering Dept.; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
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36
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Zhang B, Fu GQ, Niu YS, Peng F, Yao CL, Sun RC. Variations of lignin–lignin and lignin–carbohydrate linkages from young Neosinocalamus affinis bamboo culms. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three lignin–carbohydrate complex (LCC) preparations were isolated to elucidate the variations of chemical linkages during growth in the early development stages of Neosinocalamus affinis bamboo culms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Gen-Que Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Ya-Shuai Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Chun-Li Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
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37
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Hulin L, Husson E, Bonnet JP, Stevanovic T, Sarazin C. Enzymatic Transesterification of Kraft Lignin with Long Acyl Chains in Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2015; 20:16334-53. [PMID: 26370956 PMCID: PMC6332217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Valorization of lignin is essential for the economic viability of the biorefinery concept. For example, the enhancement of lignin hydrophobicity by chemical esterification is known to improve its miscibility in apolar polyolefin matrices, thereby helping the production of bio-based composites. To this end and due to its many reactive hydroxyl groups, lignin is a challenging macromolecular substrate for biocatalyzed esterification in non-conventional media. The present work describes for the first time the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of Kraft lignin in ionic liquids (ILs). Three lipases, three 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium based ILs and ethyl oleate as long chain acyl donor were selected. Best results were obtained with a hydrophilic/hydrophobic binary IL system (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro- phosphate, 1/1 v/v) and the immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) that afforded a promising transesterification yield (ca. 30%). Similar performances were achieved by using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a coating agent for CALB rather than as a co-solvent in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane-sulfonate thus limiting the use of hydrophobic IL. Structural characterization of lignin oleate was performed by spectroscopic studies (FTIR and 1H-NMR). The synthesized lignin oleate exhibited interesting thermal and textural properties, different from those of the original Kraft lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Hulin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Eric Husson
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, UMR CNRS 7314, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Tatjana Stevanovic
- Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Renouvelables, Université Laval, 2425 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Catherine Sarazin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
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38
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Mohtar SS, Tengku Malim Busu TNZ, Md Noor AM, Shaari N, Yusoff NA, Bustam Khalil MA, Abdul Mutalib MI, Mat HB. Extraction and characterization of lignin from oil palm biomass via ionic liquid dissolution and non-toxic aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate precipitation processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:212-8. [PMID: 26038325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to extract and characterize lignin from oil palm biomass (OPB) by dissolution in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim][Cl]), followed by the lignin extraction through the CO2 gas purging prior to addition of aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate (AlK(SO4)2 · 12H2O). The lignin yield, Y(L) (%wt.) was found to be dependent of the types of OPB observed for all precipitation methods used. The lignin recovery, RL (%wt.) obtained from CO2-AlK(SO4)2 · 12H2O precipitation was, however dependent on the types of OPB, which contradicted to that of the acidified H2SO4 and HCl solutions of pH 0.7 and 2 precipitations. Only about 54% of lignin was recovered from the OPB. The FTIR results indicate that the monodispersed lignin was successfully extracted from the OPT, OPF and OPEFB having a molecular weight (MW) of 1331, 1263 and 1473 g/mol, and degradation temperature of 215, 207.5 and 272 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Mohtar
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - T N Z Tengku Malim Busu
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A M Md Noor
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - N Shaari
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - N A Yusoff
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M A Bustam Khalil
- Petronas Ionic Liquid Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M I Abdul Mutalib
- Petronas Ionic Liquid Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - H B Mat
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; Novel Materials Research Group, Frontier Materials Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
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39
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Oveissi F, Fatehi P. Characterization of four different lignins as a first step toward the identification of suitable end-use applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Oveissi
- Chemical Engineering Department; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Chemical Engineering Department; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
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40
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Lian H, Hong S, Carranza A, Mota-Morales JD, Pojman JA. Processing of lignin in urea–zinc chloride deep-eutectic solvent and its use as a filler in a phenol-formaldehyde resin. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of our research deals with a new greener and more efficient lignin modification method to optimize its structural performance as a phenol-formaldehyde resin filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Lian
- College of Wood Science and Technology
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - S. Hong
- College of Wood Science and Technology
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - A. Carranza
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | | | - J. A. Pojman
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
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Bandikari R, Poondla V, Obulam VSR. Enhanced production of xylanase by solid state fermentation using Trichoderma koeningi isolate: effect of pretreated agro-residues. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:655-664. [PMID: 28324314 PMCID: PMC4235890 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to isolate the fungal strain for enhanced production of xylanase using different agro-residues and fruit peels by solid state fermentation and its potentiality was tested on the pretreated corn cob. Fermentation was carried out with Trichoderma koeningi isolate using untreated and pretreated corn cob supplemented with pineapple peel powder showed higher production of xylanase 2,869.8 ± 0.4 (IU/g) and extracellular protein 7.6 ± 0.2 (mg/g) of corn cob, in the latter than the former yielding 1,347.2 ± 0.7 (IU/g) and 4.9 ± 0.1 (mg/g) of corn cob, respectively, at pH 6.5 and incubation period for 96 h. In the FT-IR spectrum, the bands at 1,155, 1,252 and 1,738 cm-1 had disappeared. This indicates the depolymerization of hemicellulose and the band at 1,053 cm-1 shows the presence of β (1-4)-xylan in the pretreated corn cobs. The pretreated biomass hydrolysed with a xylanase concentration of 14 U and 6 h incubation showed mainly xylose and its oligosaccharides, which were quantified using HPLC. From the results we can conclude that pretreated energy-value and cheaply available agro-residues can be effectively used as substrates for the enhanced production of xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Bandikari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517 502, India
| | - Vijayakumar Poondla
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517 502, India
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Li MY, Fang BS, Zhao Y, Tong T, Hou XH, Tong H. Investigation into the deterioration process of archaeological bamboo strips of China from four different periods by chemical and anatomical analysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Liang S, McDonald AG. Chemical and thermal characterization of potato peel waste and its fermentation residue as potential resources for biofuel and bioproducts production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8421-9. [PMID: 25093245 DOI: 10.1021/jf5019406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for renewable fuels has driven the interest in the utilization of alternative waste materials such as potato peel waste (PPW) which contains fermentable carbohydrate. Fermentation of PPW using a mixed microbial consortium yielded about 60% unreacted PPW fermentation residue (PPW-FR). The PPW and PPW-FR were characterized by a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to quantify changes after fermentation. Fermentation of PPW resulted in fermentation of starch and concentrating lignin plus suberin and lipids in PPW-FR. TGA analysis showed that decomposition peaks differed for PPW (423 °C) and PPW-FR (457 °C). Pyrolysis-GC/MS showed an increase in phenolic and long chain fatty acid compounds with a concomitant decrease in carbohydrate derived compounds in the PPW after fermentation. Both the PPW and PPW-FR have shown potential based on properties to be converted into crude biofuel via thermochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Liang
- Environmental Science Program, University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83844-3006, United States
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Ansari KB, Gaikar VG. Green hydrotropic extraction technology for delignification of sugarcane bagasse by using alkybenzene sulfonates as hydrotropes. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Paşka OM, Păcurariu C, Muntean SG. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on methylene blue biosorption using corn-husk. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10504d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A low-cost waste biomass derived from corn plant (husk) was tested as an alternative to other expensive treatment options, for the removal of methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Maria Paşka
- Politehnica University of Timişoara
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cornelia Păcurariu
- Politehnica University of Timişoara
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Timişoara, Romania
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46
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Yong TLK, Matsumura Y. Kinetic Analysis of Lignin Hydrothermal Conversion in Sub- and Supercritical Water. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400600x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tau Len-Kelly Yong
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama,
Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527 Japan
| | - Yukihiko Matsumura
- Division of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima,
Hiroshima, 739-8527 Japan
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Li MF, Sun SN, Xu F, Sun RC. Ultrasound-enhanced extraction of lignin from bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis): characterization of the ethanol-soluble fractions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:243-249. [PMID: 21784690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo was submitted to ultrasound-assisted extraction in aqueous ethanol to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the dissolution of lignin. In this case, the dewaxed bamboo culms were subjected to ball milling for 48 h, and then were suspended in 95% ethanol followed by ultrasonic irradiations for varied times at 20 °C to obtain ethanol-soluble fractions. The structural and thermal properties of the ethanol-soluble fractions were comparatively investigated by chemical analysis including alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, bound carbohydrate determination, FT-IR spectra, HSQC spectra, TG, and DTA. The results showed that the yields of the ethanol-soluble fractions were between 4.29% and 4.76% for the fractions prepared with ultrasonic irradiation time ranging from 5 to 55 min, as compared to 4.02% for the fraction prepared without ultrasonic irradiation. It was found that the lignin content of the fraction increased with the increase of the ultrasonic irradiation time. There was a slight increase of the molecular weight of the lignin with the increase of the ultrasonic irradiation time. Alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation coupled with HSQC analysis indicated that the lignin in the fractions was mainly composed of GSH type units as well as minor amounts of ferulic acids. In addition, the fraction prepared with ultrasonic irradiation exhibited a slightly higher thermal stability as compared to the fraction prepared without ultrasonic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fei Li
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Adsul MG, Bastawde KB, Gokhale DV. Biochemical characterization of two xylanases from yeast Pseudozyma hubeiensis producing only xylooligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:6488-6495. [PMID: 19692229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct xylanases from Pseudozyma hubeiensis NCIM 3574 were purified to homogeneity. The molecular masses of two native xylanases were 33.3 kDa (PhX33) and 20.1 kDa (PhX20). PhX33 is predominant with alpha-helix and PhX20 contained predominantly beta-sheets. Xylanase, PhX33, possesses three tryptophan and one carboxyl residues at the active site. The active site of PhX20 comprises one residue each of tryptophan, carboxyl and histidine. Carboxyl residue is mainly involved in catalysis and tryptophane residues are solely involved in substrate binding. Histidine residue present at the active site of PhX20 appeared to have a role in substrate binding. Both the xylanases produced only xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with degree of polymerization (DP) 3-7 without formation of xylose and xylobiose. These XOS could be used in functional foods or as prebiotics. Lc ms-ms ion search of tryptic digestion of these xylanases revealed that there is no significant homology of peptides with known fungal xylanase sequences which indicate that these xylanases appear to be new.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund G Adsul
- NCIM Resource Center, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, Maharashtra, India
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Milczarek G. Lignosulfonate-modified electrodes: electrochemical properties and electrocatalysis of NADH oxidation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10345-10353. [PMID: 19456182 DOI: 10.1021/la9008575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lignosulfonic acid (LS1) and partially desulfonated lignosulfonic acid (LS2) were oxidatively deposited on a preactivated glassy carbon (GC) electrode, giving rise to redox active films showing three distinct redox couples at midpeak potentials (E degrees ') of 0.22, 0.44, and 0.53 V (vs Ag/AgCl in 0.1 M H(2)SO(4)). The redox activity was assigned to quinone moieties of different degrees of substitution, formed upon the oxidation of electroactive groups in the lignosulfonate structure. The most predominant couple (E degrees ' = 0.44 V) shifted negatively with pH at a rate of 59.5 mV per pH unit. In neutral electrolytes, the LS1- and LS2-modified electrodes behaved as anionic coatings, showing an increase in the charge transfer resistance (R(ct)) for the ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox couple. The change in R(ct) was highly dependent on the LS sulfonation degree, and in comparison to an unmodified electrode it increased by ca. 490% for LS1-modified electrodes and by only 53% for LS2-modified electrodes. The LS-modified electrodes showed high electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Electrocatalysis was studied in TRIS-HNO(3) buffers having pH of 5.0, 7.5, and 8.5 in the absence and presence of 20 mM Mg(2+), using the rotating disk electrode technique. Determined kinetic constants revealed that the impact of electrocatalysis depended strongly on the pH, the LS sulfonation degree, and the presence of bivalent metal ions. At fixed pH, the observed oxidation rate constant was lower for LS1-based electrodes than for LS2-based electrodes. On the other hand, the relative enhancement of this constant caused by the presence of Mg(2+) ions was much higher for LS1-based electrodes than for LS2-based electrodes. This phenomenon was explained by the participation of sulfonic groups in the formation of a ternary complex between quinone moiety, metal ions, and NADH. The values of other kinetic constants, including the Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)), suggested that the formation of such a complex is preferred in alkaline pHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Milczarek
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, PL-60-965 Poznan, Poland.
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50
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Botaro VR, Curvelo AADS. Monodisperse lignin fractions as standards in size-exclusion analysis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3802-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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