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Xue H, Hao Z, Gao Y, Cai X, Tang J, Liao X, Tan J. Research progress on the hypoglycemic activity and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126199. [PMID: 37562477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes, as a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, is increasing every year. The predominantly western medicine treatment is associated with certain side effects, which has prompted people to turn their attention to natural active substances. Natural polysaccharide is a safe and low-toxic natural substance with various biological activities. Hypoglycemic activity is one of the important biological activities of natural polysaccharides, which has great potential for development. A systematic review of the latest research progress and possible molecular mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides is of great significance for better understanding them. In this review, we systematically reviewed the relationship between the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides and their structure in terms of molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bonds, and summarized underlying molecular mechanisms the hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides. In addition, the potential mechanisms of natural polysaccharides improving the complications of diabetes were analyzed and discussed. This paper provides some valuable insights and important guidance for further research on the hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zitong Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jintian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China; Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China.
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2
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Fan M, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhi J, Xu W, Yang Y, Xu Y, Luo K, Wang D. Mn(II)-Mediated Self-Assembly of Tea Polysaccharide Nanoparticles and Their Functional Role in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30607-30617. [PMID: 35771882 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tea polysaccharide (TPS) is a bioactive compound that has attracted increasing attention for its health effect on regulating the metabolism of glucose and lipid. Moreover, due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability, TPS-based nanoparticles have emerged as effective nanocarriers for the delivery of bioactive molecules. In this study, we developed a TPS-based biocarrier system for the orally targeted administration of Mn(II) ions and investigated their antidiabetic effects in C57BL/6 mice with HFD/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM. Mn(II)-loaded TPS-based nanoparticles (MTNPs) were synthesized, in which negatively charged functional groups in protein and uronic acid in TPS conjugates would act as binding sites for Mn(II) ions, which is responsible for the cross-linking reaction of MTNP. The resulting MTNP had a spherical shape and a mean particle size of around 30 nm with a Mn(II) ion content of 2.24 ± 0.13 mg/g. In T2DM mice, we discovered that MTNP treatment significantly lowered blood glucose levels and improved glucose intolerance. Furthermore, the impact of MTNP on the recovery of FINS, the homeostatic index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the homeostatic index of β-cell (HOMA β-cell) levels was significantly larger (p < 0.05) than TPS alone, demonstrating that Mn(II) ions can enhance TPS's ability to repair HFD/STZ-induced β-cell damage. Mn(II) ions in MTNP not only acted as cofactors to increase the exocytosis of insulin secretory cells by upregulating the expression of Ca(II)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) but also promoted TPS's lipid-lowering effect in T2DM mice by inhibiting glucogenesis and regulating the lipid metabolism. Our findings suggest that Mn(II) ions can be used not only as cross-linkers in the formation of nanoparticulated TPS but also as cofactors in improving the functional role of TPS in regulating the glucose and lipid metabolism, which will provide insights into the development of TPS-based drug delivery systems for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jinglei Zhi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Wanying Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Ke Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Dongfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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Characterization of Acidic Tea Polysaccharides from Yellow Leaves of Wuyi Rock Tea and Their Hypoglycemic Activity via Intestinal Flora Regulation in Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040617. [PMID: 35206093 PMCID: PMC8871580 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioactive acidic tea polysaccharide from yellow leaves of Wuyi rock tea was successively prepared via DEAE-52 and Superdex-200 columns. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that the main glycosidic bonds were composed of α-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, Arap-(1→, →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →2,4)-α-l-Rhap-(1→, →3,4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→, α-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ and →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→. The molecular weight was 3.9285 × 104 Da. The hypoglycemic effect of acidic tea polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus rats was evaluated through histopathology and biochemistry analysis. The acidic tea polysaccharide could improve plasma and liver lipid metabolism. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the composition of the intestinal flora changed drastically after treatment, namely, blooms of Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Dorea, and Oscillospira, and a strong reduction in Desulfovibrio and Lactobacillus. The above results illustrated that tea polysaccharides might serve as an effective ingredient to ameliorate glucose metabolism disorders and intestinal flora in hyperglycemic rats.
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Akinwunmi MT, Adisa RA, Aroyeun SO, Ademowo OG. Ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensise licited hypoglycemic but lacked antimalarial properties in Plasmodium berghei-infected diabetic mice. Niger J Physiol Sci 2021; 36:189-194. [PMID: 35947739 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo antimalarial and antidiabetic activity of extract of Camellia sinensis (ECS) in alloxan-induced diabetic and Plasmodium berghei-infected mice were investigated. Eighty-four BALB/c mice divided into sets 1 & 2 infected with P. berghei and 2 & 3 injected with alloxan received either distilled water, ECS (300mg/kg), Chloroquine (CQ-10mg/kg) or Metformin (250mg/kg). Results showed significant increases (p<0.05) in percentage parasitaemia of P. berghei-infected mice treated with ECS and P. berghei-diabetic mice. Furthermore, ECS significantly decreased (p<0.05) blood glucose and PCV in diabetic and P. berghei-diabetic mice. ECS regenerated pancreatic islet cells in P. berghei-infected-diabetes but lacked appreciable antimalarial activity.
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Oh JH, Lee CY, Kim JE, Kim WH, Seo JW, Lim TG, Lee SY, Chung JO, Hong YD, Kim WG, Yoo SJ, Shin KS, Shim SM. Effect of Characterized Green Tea Extraction Methods and Formulations on Enzymatic Starch Hydrolysis and Intestinal Glucose Transport. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15208-15217. [PMID: 34881881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of various characterized green tea extracts (GTEs) according to extraction methods on enzymatic starch hydrolysis and intestinal glucose transport. Codigestion of wheat starch with water extract (WGT) or ethanol extract formulated with green tea polysaccharides and flavonols (CATEPLUS) produced 3.4-3.5 times higher resistant starch (RS) than wheat starch only. Its microstructures were changed to spherical shapes and smooth surfaces as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. According to Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, the absorption peak of O-H stretching was red-shifted in WGT or CATEPLUS. The results confirmed that hydrogen bonds were formed between starch granules and polysaccharides in WGT or CATEPLUS. Intestinal glucose transport subsequently measured after in vitro digestion was mostly suppressed in CATEPLUS. Gene expression of the glucose transporter protein, particularly SGLT1, was significantly inhibited by addition of CATEPLUS (p < 0.05). Results from the current study suggest that co-intake of green tea extracts formulated with green tea polysaccharides and flavonols could be a potentially useful means to delay blood glucose absorption when consuming starchy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yang Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Chung
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Deog Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Gi Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yoo
- Bolak Company Ltd., 720-37, Chorok-ro, Yanggam-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18628, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
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Oh JH, Chung JO, Lee CY, Yun Y, Park MY, Hong YD, Kim WG, Cha HY, Shin KS, Hong GP, Shim SM. Characterized Polysaccharides from Green Tea Inhibited Starch Hydrolysis and Glucose Intestinal Uptake by Inducing Microstructural Changes of Wheat Starch. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14075-14085. [PMID: 34784711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of green tea ethanol extract (GTE) and polysaccharide fractions from green tea (PFGs) on the hydrolysis of wheat starch, microstructural changes, and intestinal transport of glucose. The amount of resistant starch (RS) was significantly lowered in the water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP), water-soluble polysaccharide-pectinase (WSP-P), and water-insoluble polysaccharide-alkali soluble (WISP-Alk-Soluble; p < 0.05). The microstructures of gelatinized wheat starch granules with WSP, WSP-P, and WISP-Alk-Soluble were spherical with small cracks. The amount of intestinal transported glucose from digested wheat starch was 2.12-3.50 times lower than the control group. The results from the current study suggest that water- and alkali-soluble PFGs could be potential ingredients to lower starch hydrolysis as well as to control the postprandial blood glucose level when foods that contain starch are consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Chung
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yang Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Youngchan Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Park
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Deog Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Gi Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Cha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Pyo Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
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Tian J, Mao Q, Dong M, Wang X, Rui X, Zhang Q, Chen X, Li W. Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Exopolysaccharide from Soybean Whey Fermented by Lacticaseibacillus plantarum 70810. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112780. [PMID: 34829061 PMCID: PMC8621071 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean whey is a high-yield but low-utilization agricultural by-product in China. In this study, soybean whey was used as a substrate of fermentation by Lacticaseibacillus plantarum 70810 strains. An exopolysaccharide (LPEPS-1) was isolated from soybean whey fermentation by L. plantarum 70810 and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Its preliminary structural characteristics and antioxidant activity were investigated. Results show that LPEPS-1 was composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose with molar ratios of 1.49:1.67:1.00. The chemical structure of LPEPS-1 consisted of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-D-Galp-(1→ and →2)-α-D-Manp-(1→. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that LPEPS-1 had a relatively rough surface. In addition, LPPES-1 exhibited strong scavenging activity against DPPH and superoxide radicals and chelating ability on ferrous ion. This study demonstrated that soybean whey was a feasible fermentation substrate for the production of polysaccharide from L. plantarum 70810 and that the polysaccharide could be used as a promising ingredient for health-beneficial functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-6989
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8
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Dong X, Zhu CP, Huang GQ, Xiao JX. Fractionation and structural characterization of polysaccharides derived from red grape pomace. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Schreck K, Melzig MF. Traditionally Used Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Screening for Uptake Inhibition of Glucose and Fructose in the Caco2-Cell Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692566. [PMID: 34489694 PMCID: PMC8417609 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional use of plants and their preparations in the treatment of diseases as a first medication in the past centuries indicates the presence of active components for specific targets in the natural material. Many of the tested plants in this study have been traditionally used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated symptoms in different cultural areas. Additionally, hypoglycemic effects, such as a decrease in blood glucose concentration, have been demonstrated in vivo for these plants. In order to determine the mode of action, the plants were prepared as methanolic and aqueous extracts and tested for their effects on intestinal glucose and fructose absorption in Caco2 cells. The results of this screening showed significant and reproducible inhibition of glucose uptake between 40 and 80% by methanolic extracts made from the fruits of Aronia melanocarpa, Cornus officinalis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Lycium chinense, and Vaccinium myrtillus; the leaves of Brassica oleracea, Juglans regia, and Peumus boldus; and the roots of Adenophora triphylla. Furthermore, glucose uptake was inhibited between 50 and 70% by aqueous extracts made from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides and the fruit skin of Malus domestica. The methanolic extracts of Juglans regia and Peumus boldus inhibited the fructose transport between 30 and 40% in Caco2 cells as well. These findings can be considered as fundamental work for further research regarding the treatment of obesity-correlated diseases, such as Diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias F. Melzig
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zhang M, Yang R, Yu S, Zhao W. A novel α‐glucosidase inhibitor polysaccharide from
Sargassum fusiforme. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Shuhuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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Lee CY, Oh JH, Chung JO, Rha CS, Park MY, Hong YD, Kim WK, Shim SM. Effect of whole green tea products including catechins, polysaccharides, and flavonols on the metabolism of added sugars. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Liu K, Li XY, Luo JP, Zha XQ. Bioactivities. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0320-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Chen D, Chen G, Sun Y, Zeng X, Ye H. Physiological genetics, chemical composition, health benefits and toxicology of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) flower: A review. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109584. [PMID: 33233193 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The flower of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plant has been paid an increasing attention in the last twenty years, since it was found that tea flowers contained representative constituents similar to those of tea leaves, such as catechins, caffeine and amino acids. Tea flower is theoretically valuable although it has been considered as an industrial waste over a long period of time. This review summarizes the research findings conducted until now on physiological genetics, chemical composition, health benefits and toxicology of tea flowers, aiming to foresee their future applications. A lot of genes are involved in flower development and the synthesis and transmission of various chemicals in tea flowers. The chemical composition of tea flower consists mainly of catechins, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids and saponins and thus tea flower possesses various health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, antitumor, hypoglycemic, anti-obesity and anti-allergic activities. Moreover, tea flower contains a protease that can elevate the free amino acids content in the tea infusion by almost two folds. More importantly, the enzymatic activity of the protease is much higher than that of the commercially available proteases. Additionally, aqueous extracts of tea flower are demonstrated to safe to animals. Thus, the potential uses of tea flowers in food and medical fields are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Chain conformation of an acidic polysaccharide from green tea and related mechanism of α-amylase inhibitory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1124-1132. [PMID: 32682045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An acidic tea polysaccharide (TPSA) isolated from green tea was fractionated using a precipitation-fractionation method into seven fractions with different molecular weights. TPSA was characterized as a hyperbranched polysaccharide with a globular homogeneous conformation by analysis of solution parameters of each fraction using static light scattering and viscosity analyses. Observation by transmission electron microscopy confirmed that TPSA occurred as globular homogeneous particles with size in the range of 20-40 nm. To simulate the branched chain segments of TPSA, four model molecules were designed based on chemical structure of TPSA. Molecular docking analysis indicated that the branched chain segments of TPSA similar to the TPSA-4 model molecule showed preferential binding to α-amylase to form the TPSA/α-amylase complex through hydrogen bonding interactions. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the structure of α-amylase was not significantly affected by TPSA. The mechanism of α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA was simulated by molecular docking analysis. The branched chain segments of TPSA similar to the TPSA-4 model molecule likely act as a potential competitor to the starch substrate to inhibit the activity of α-amylase.
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15
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Fan M, Zhu J, Qian Y, Yue W, Xu Y, Zhang D, Yang Y, Gao X, He H, Wang D. Effect of purity of tea polysaccharides on its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13277. [PMID: 32557675 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of purity of tea polysaccharides (TPS) on its five antioxidant activities and hypoglycemic activities in vitro were studied. The results showed that the higher the purity of TPS, the lower the antioxidant capacity. The purity of FTPSI is the highest (sugar content 80.72%), but its antioxidant activities were lower than those of Fujian tea polysaccharides (FTPS) and FTPSII. The antioxidant activity of tea polysaccharide is related to its protein and polyphenol content (Pearson r > .90). The protective effect of Zhejiang tea polysaccharides and FTPS on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was better than that of its purified fractions. The inhibition rates of FTPSII (5 and 2 mg/ml) on α-glucosidase (32.76%) and α-amylase (-11.93%) were higher than those of FTPS and FTPSII. Purification does not change the basic structure of TPS. This study has certain reference value for the study of the antioxidant activities of TPS. Meanwhile, TPS can be used as a potential resource with hypoglycemic function. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A large number of studies have shown that TPS have antioxidant activity. However, several studies considered that the antioxidant activity of TPS mainly comes from the residues of tea polyphenols. Therefore, the in vitro and cell antioxidant activities of TPS were studied in this paper. We believe that both glycoprotein and tea polyphenol are antioxidants of tea, and tea polysaccharide perform preferable effect on hypoglycemic. HUVEC cell model and four in vitro antioxidant test methods were used to study the antioxidant activities of TPS, and two enzyme inhibition activities were used to study the hypoglycemic effect of TPS, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the study of biological activity of TPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyue He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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16
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Yang Y, Ji J, Di L, Li J, Hu L, Qiao H, Wang L, Feng Y. Resource, chemical structure and activity of natural polysaccharides against alcoholic liver damages. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116355. [PMID: 32507196 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many natural polysaccharides from bio-resources hold advantages of multi-functions, high efficiency, non-toxicity or low side effect, and have strong potentials in protection against alcoholic liver damages. This review summarized the bio-resources, chemical and structural characteristics of natural polysaccharides with potentials in inhibition against alcoholic liver damages, and also emphasized knowledge on correlations between their chemical structure and function. Approximately 95 species were confirmed in generation of hepatoprotective polysaccharides. Products as crude polysaccharides originated from 17 species were sum up despite the indetermination of their accurate structure. Additional four polysaccharides were described for their known chemical structures. Possible roles of hepatoprotective polysaccharides were provided with evidence on antioxidant promotion, lipids regulation, apoptosis inhibition and anti-inflammation, as well as confirmations in immune enhancement, iron removal and anti-fibrosis when currently treated against the alcoholic liver damages. To sum up, this overview could serve to guide development and utilization of natural hepatoprotective polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Junsong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Lihong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Lingchong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China; School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Yin L, Fu S, Wu R, Wei S, Yi J, Zhang LM, Yang L. A neutral polysaccharide from green tea: Structure, effect on α-amylase activity and hydrolysis property. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 687:108369. [PMID: 32335047 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A neutral tea polysaccharide (TPSN) was isolated from green tea. Gas chromatography analysis showed that TPSN was composed of d-glucose, l-arabinose and d-galactose residues at a molar ratio of 90.0: 9.1: 0.9. The weight-averaged molecular weight of TPSN was determined as about 2.0 × 105 g mol-1 using static light scattering analysis. The result of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy indicated that TPSN and water-soluble starch had similar structures. TPSN exhibited inhibitory activity towards α-amylase through the noncompetitive inhibition mechanism, but the tertiary structure of α-amylase related to enzymatic activity, analyzed using circular dichroism spectroscopy, was not affected by TPSN. Meanwhile, TPSN exhibited hydrolysis properties catalyzed by α-amylase. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the various behaviors of TPSN to α-amylase could be attributed to that the different chain segments of TPSN combined with different amino acid residues of α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yin
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Roujun Wu
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shuyue Wei
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Juzhen Yi
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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18
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Liu L, Yang M, Xu J, Fan X, Gao W, Wang Q, Wang P, Xu B, Yuan J, Yu Y, Wang M, Yuan Y. Exploring the role of pullulan in the process of potato starch film formation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Liu L, Yang M, Xu J, Fan X, Gao W, Wang Q, Wang P, Xu B, Yuan J, Yu Y. Exploring the mechanism of pullulan delay potato starch long-term retrogradation from the viewpoint of amylopectin chain motion. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:84-91. [PMID: 31870876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Starch retrogradation is an inevitable process in the natural state caused by movement of starch chains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the essence of starch long-term retrogradation from the viewpoint of amylopectin chain motion. The radius of gyration (Rg) and form factor (ρ) values of potato starch (PS) and PS with pullulan (PS-PUL) gradually increased during the retrogradation process. Furthermore, the conformation of molecular chains evolved from spherical to ellipsoidal to rod-like during starch retrogradation. Based on the analysis of condensed matter theory, these results illustrated that starch chains from gelatinization to retrogradation experienced shrinkage to extension. The values of Rg and ρ of PS-PUL were lower than PS, and the evolution of conformations showed that PUL delayed the long-term retrogradation of PS by decreasing the motion of amylopectin molecular chains to increase chain flexibility, and decrease the degree of entanglement and crosslinking. This study provides a novel method for characterizing starch retrogradation on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengnan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Myande Group Co., Ltd., 199 South Ji'An Road, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weidong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiugang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Ren Y, Liu S. Effects of separation and purification on structural characteristics of polysaccharide from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:286-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Gong LL, Meng FJ, Hou YC, Liu Y, Xu JJ, Zhang WN, Chen Y. Purification, characterization, and bioactivity of two new polysaccharide fractions from Thelephora ganbajun mushroom. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13092. [PMID: 31721263 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new polysaccharide fractions (TZP1-1 and TZP2-1) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Thelephora ganbajun using DEAE-52 cellulose and Superdex 200 columns chromatography. The physiochemical characterization and biological activities of TZP1-1 and TZP2-1 were investigated. The relative molecular weight of TZP1-1 and TZP2-1 were 2.07 × 106 and 4,886 Da, respectively. TZP1-1 included mannose, rhamnose, galactose, and xylose (4:1:83.9:7.5), while TZP2-1 included mannose, glucose, galactose, and xylose (5.4:1:79.0:8.1). The Congo red experiment results confirmed that TZP2-1 had triple helix conformation. Furthermore, both TZP1-1 and TZP2-1 showed a certain cytotoxicity on HeLa and SH-SY5Y cells, while they exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on HeLa than SH-SY5Y. Besides, the cytotoxicity of TZP1-1 was better than that of TZP2-1. Moreover, both of them exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. These findings could promote the application of polysaccharides from T. ganbajun. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Thelephora ganbajun is an edible fungus widely distributed in Southwestern China. T. ganbajun polysaccharides as important active ingredients have not been reported. In this current study, two polysaccharides fractions (TZP1-1 and TZP2-1) were characterized, and their cytotoxicities and antidiabetic effect were also assayed. These findings could promote polysaccharides from T. ganbajun to be better application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan-Ju Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Chen Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Jia Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Na Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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22
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Aboulwafa MM, Youssef FS, Gad HA, Altyar AE, Al-Azizi MM, Ashour ML. A Comprehensive Insight on the Health Benefits and Phytoconstituents of Camellia sinensis and Recent Approaches for Its Quality Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E455. [PMID: 31590466 PMCID: PMC6826564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea, Camellia sinensis, which belongs to the family Theaceae, is a shrub or evergreen tree up to 16 m in height. Green tea is very popular because of its marked health benefits comprising its anticancer, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial activities, as well as its effectiveness in reducing body weight. Additionally, it was recognized by Chinese people as an effective traditional drink required for the prophylaxis against many health ailments. This is due to the complex chemical composition of green tea, which comprises different classes of chemical compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and others. The beneficial health effects of green tea ultimately led to its great consumption and increase its liability to be adulterated by either low-quality or non-green tea products with concomitant decrease in activity. Thus, in this review, green tea was selected to highlight its health benefits and phytoconstituents, as well as recent approaches for its quality-control monitoring that guarantee its incorporation in many pharmaceutical industries. More research is needed to find out other more biological activities, active constituents, and other simple and cheap techniques for its quality assurance that ascertain the prevention of its adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Aboulwafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260 Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed M Al-Azizi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah-21442, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Liu L, Yang M, Wang L, Xu J, Wang Q, Fan X, Gao W. Effect of pullulan on molecular chain conformations in the process of starch retrogradation condensed matter. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:736-743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Chen G, Chen R, Chen D, Ye H, Hu B, Zeng X, Liu Z. Tea Polysaccharides as Potential Therapeutic Options for Metabolic Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5350-5360. [PMID: 30474370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tea polysaccharides (TPS) are regarded as some of the main bioactive constituents of tea made from the leaves and buds of the tea plant ( Camellia sinensis L.). An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that TPS can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases. However, the potential mechanisms responsible for antidiabetic and antiobesogenic activities of TPS remain unclear. Therefore, the cellular and physiological mechanisms that underlie the antidiabetic and antiobesogenic effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects, inhibition of digestive enzymes, prevention of macronutrient absorption, and expression of gene and protein, were summarized in this review. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal functions of TPS and the role of gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases were discussed. It is expected that the present review will be helpful for enhancing our knowledge about the health-promoting effects of TPS on metabolic diseases and stimulating further works on TPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
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25
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Ren YY, Sun PP, Ji YP, Wang XT, Dai SH, Zhu ZY. Carboxymethylation and acetylation of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:369-377. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1533830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ping Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Han Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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26
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Preparation, characterization of polysaccharides fractions from Inonotus obliquus and their effects on α-amylase, α-glucosidase activity and H2O2-induced oxidative damage in hepatic L02 cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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27
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Fan M, Sun X, Qian Y, Xu Y, Wang D, Cao Y. Effects of metal ions in tea polysaccharides on their in vitro antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:418-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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28
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Wu S, Li N, Yang C, Yan L, Liang X, Ren M, Yang L. Synthesis of cationic branched tea polysaccharide derivatives for targeted delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:808-815. [PMID: 29857104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cationic branched tea polysaccharide (CTPSA) derivative bearing N-acylurea and 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine residues was synthesized and characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A nonspecific siRNA (NsiRNA) was used as a model molecule of functional siRNA that could downregulate over-expressed glycometabolism enzymes in the liver. The result from the agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed that the CTPSA and NsiRNA could form stable complexes when their weight ratio was larger than 18. The zeta potentials and sizes of the complexes were in the range of +8-+15 mv and 120-150 nm, respectively. The CTPSA/NsiRNA complex was observed as nanoparticles with a spherical shape of approximately 100 nm using scanning electron microscopy. The CTPSA derivative and the CTPSA/NsiRNA complexes exhibited lower cytotoxicity in HL-7702 cells when compared with the branched PEI (bPEI) and bPEI/NsiRNA complexes assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The results of flow cytometric analysis and laser confocal microscopy indicated that the CTPSA derivative could effectively target the transfer of the NsiRNA to HL-7702 cells. This work provides a potential approach to promote the CTPSA derivative as a nonviral vector for targeted delivery of functional siRNA to hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Wu
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Liqun Yang
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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29
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Yan Y, Ren Y, Li X, Zhang X, Guo H, Han Y, Hu J. A polysaccharide from green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) protects human retinal endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:600-607. [PMID: 29627466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is involved in the pathogenesis age related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of a purified green tea polysaccharide (GTWP) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells). Human ARPE-19 cells were treated with 1 h of 500 μM H2O2 before incubation with GTWP for 24 h. Pretreatment of GTWP decreased H2O2-induced cell death and cell apoptosis, and efficiently suppressed the intracellular ROS production and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation induced by H2O2 treatment. Moreover, a loss of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) activities were restored to normal level in H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells upon GTWP (100 μg/ml) exposure. Also, the tendency of increased protein expression of Bax and cleaved-caspsae-3, as well as decrease of Bcl-2 protein in ARPE-19 cells challenged with H2O2 was changed to individual opposite way, thus inhibiting the apoptotic cell death. Our results demonstrated that GTWP protected RPE cells against oxidative injury through activation of anti-apoptotic and endogenous antioxidant enzymes signaling pathway, suggesting GTWP has attractive therapeutic potential to AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China
| | - Yanfan Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China
| | - Xinxia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China
| | - Huiqing Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China
| | - Yutong Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
| | - Junxi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China.
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Dong F, Tu Y, Yang Z. Occurrence of Functional Molecules in the Flowers of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants: Evidence for a Second Resource. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040790. [PMID: 29596355 PMCID: PMC6017242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important crop, and its leaves are used to make the most widely consumed beverage, aside from water. People have been using leaves from tea plants to make teas for a long time. However, less attention has been paid to the flowers of tea plants, which is a waste of an abundant resource. In the past 15 years, researchers have attempted to discover, identify, and evaluate functional molecules from tea flowers, and have made insightful and useful discoveries. Here, we summarize the recent investigations into these functional molecules in tea flowers, including functional molecules similar to those in tea leaves, as well as the preponderant functional molecules in tea flowers. Tea flowers contain representative metabolites similar to those of tea leaves, such as catechins, flavonols, caffeine, and amino acids. The preponderant functional molecules in tea flowers include saponins, polysaccharides, aromatic compounds, spermidine derivatives, and functional proteins. We also review the safety and biological functions of tea flowers. Tea flower extracts are proposed to be of no toxicological concern based on evidence from the evaluation of mutagenicity, and acute and subchronic toxicity in rats. The presence of many functional metabolites in tea flowers indicates that tea flowers possess diverse biological functions, which are mostly related to catechins, polysaccharides, and saponins. Finally, we discuss the potential for, and challenges facing, future applications of tea flowers as a second resource from tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Dafeng Road 6, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fang Dong
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Longdongbei Road 321, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Interactions between α-amylase and an acidic branched polysaccharide from green tea. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 94:669-678. [PMID: 27756641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. The enthalpy and the entropy changes were -62.13 KJ·mol-1 and -0.0728 KJ·mol-1·K-1, suggesting that hydrogen bonding interactions might play a major role in the binding process. The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA.
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Ren D, Hu Y, Luo Y, Yang X. Selenium-containing polysaccharides from Ziyang green tea ameliorate high-fructose diet induced insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress in mice. Food Funct 2016; 6:3342-50. [PMID: 26267675 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00557d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of selenium-containing tea polysaccharides (Se-GTP) from a new variety of selenium-enriched Ziyang green tea against high fructose (HF)-induced insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress in mice. Healthy male Kunming mice were fed 20% high fructose water and administered 200, 400 and 800 mg per kg bw Se-GTP for 8 weeks. Mice fed HF in drinking water displayed significant insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress observed by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, as well as increases in hepatic non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and malonaldehyde (MDA). The administration of Se-GTP at 400 and 800 mg per kg bw significantly improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced liver steatosis and oxidative stress damage, and brought back the antioxidants and hepatic lipids towards near-normal values. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the administration of Se-GTP at 400 and 800 mg per kg bw had reduced plasma glucose concentrations after 30 min of glucose loading in HF-fed mice, suggesting that Se-GTP improved glucose intolerance. Histopathological examination indicated that the impaired pancreatic/hepatic tissues were effectively restored in HF-fed mice following the Se-GTP treatment. This is the first report showing that Se-GTP can ameliorate the high fructose-induced insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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Chen G, Yuan Q, Saeeduddin M, Ou S, Zeng X, Ye H. Recent advances in tea polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, physicochemical characterization and bioactivities. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:663-678. [PMID: 27561538 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea has a long history of medicinal and dietary use. Tea polysaccharide (TPS) is regarded as one of the main bioactive constituents of tea and is beneficial for health. Over the last decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to the studies on TPS: extraction, structural feature and bioactivity of TPS. However, it has been received much less attention compared with tea polyphenols. In order to provide new insight for further development of TPS in functional foods, in present review we summarize the recent literature, update the information and put forward future perspectives on TPS covering its extraction, purification, quantitative determination techniques as well as physicochemical characterization and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saeeduddin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, Kong F, Ni H, Mo Z, Wan JB, Hua D, Yan C. Structural characterization, α-glucosidase inhibitory and DPPH scavenging activities of polysaccharides from guava. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mechanisms underlying the effect of polysaccharides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:474-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Wang PC, Zhao S, Yang BY, Wang QH, Kuang HX. Anti-diabetic polysaccharides from natural sources: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148:86-97. [PMID: 27185119 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease attracted worldwide concerns, which severely impairs peoples' quality of life and is attributed to several life-threatening complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy and retinopathy. The current therapies for DM include mainly oral anti-diabetic drugs and insulin. However, continuous use of these causes insulin resistance and side-effects, and the demand of effective, nontoxic and affordable drugs for DM patients is eager. Several previous studies have shown that non-toxic biological macromolecules, mainly polysaccharides, possess prominent efficacies on DM. Based on these encouraging observations, a great deal of efforts have been focused on discovering anti-diabetic polysaccharides for the development of effective therapeutics for DM. This review focuses on the advancements in the anti-diabetic efficacy of various natural polysaccharides and polysaccharide complexes from 2010 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Xiao JB, Jiang H. A review on the structure-function relationship aspect of polysaccharides from tea materials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:930-8. [PMID: 24915319 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.678423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) has a long history of medicinal use in the world. The chemical components of tea mainly consist of polyphenols (TPP), proteins, polysaccharides (TPS), chlorophyll, alkaloids, and so on. Great advances have been made in chemical and bioactive studies of catechins and TPP from tea in recent decades. However, the TPS from tea materials have received much less consideration than that of TPP. The number of relevant publications on the TPS from tea leaves and flowers has increased rapidly in recent years. This mini-review summarizes the structure-function relationship of TPS from tea leaves and flowers. The application of purified TPS from tea material as functional or nutritional foods was still little. It will help to develop the function foods with tea TPS and better understand the structure-bioactivity relationship of tea TPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bo Xiao
- a Department of Biology , College of Life & Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , 200234 , PR China
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Wang W, Zou Y, Li Q, Mao R, Shao X, Jin D, Zheng D, Zhao T, Zhu H, Zhang L, Yang L, Wu X. Immunomodulatory effects of a polysaccharide purified from Lepidium meyenii Walp. on macrophages. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Li S, Chen H, Wang J, Wang X, Hu B, Lv F. Involvement of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in the hypoglycemic effects of tea polysaccharides on diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:967-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Salehi Nowbandegani A, Kiumarcy S, Rahmani F, Dokouhaki M, Khademian S, Zarshenas MM, Faridi P. Ethnopharmacological knowledge of Shiraz and Fasa in Fars region of Iran for diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:281-287. [PMID: 26113181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study provides ethnopharmacological knowledge of traditional herbal healers from Shiraz and Fasa in Fars region (Iran) for treatment of diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field surveys were carried out during September 2013-February 2014 in Shiraz and Fasa. The data were collected through structured questionnaire in Persian. All plant species recorded for the treatment of diabetes mellitus were sampled. Samples were identified by a botanist and obtained a voucher specimens number and deposited in the Shiraz School of Pharmacy Herbarium. The information such as scientific name, family, local name, medicinal use(s), parts used and preparation method were provided. Literature review on available data about antidiabetic effect of the addressed plant species was done to highlight gaps in current knowledge and propose the next steps. RESULTS In total, 50 informants were interviewed. Totally 39 plant species were recommended by herbal healers, of which 28 are native to Iran. The most recommended plants for diabetes were Trigonella foenum-graecam (28 Attars), Securigera securidaca (22 Attars), Vaccinium arctostaphylos (18 Attars). The most abundant families were Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Apiaceae. Plant parts used were mainly seeds, flowers, leaves and fruits. The most usual preparation methods were decoction, powder and distillation. Around 44% of all reported plants for diabetes are also in use for obesity management CONCLUSIONS This study provided ethnopharmacological knowledge from Fars region in Iran for a specific disease and we have introduced important plant species which are recommended by local herbal healers for diabetes mellitus. For 23% of reported plants, clinical studies approved antidiabetic properties and for 61%, animal studies approved antidiabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahoura Salehi Nowbandegani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sanaz Kiumarcy
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fateme Rahmani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Dokouhaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Khademian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Phytopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pouya Faridi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Phytopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Banerjee S, Chatterjee J. Efficient extraction strategies of tea (Camellia sinensis) biomolecules. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:3158-68. [PMID: 26028699 PMCID: PMC4444893 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tea is a popular daily beverage worldwide. Modulation and modifications of its basic components like catechins, alkaloids, proteins and carbohydrate during fermentation or extraction process changes organoleptic, gustatory and medicinal properties of tea. Through these processes increase or decrease in yield of desired components are evident. Considering the varied impacts of parameters in tea production, storage and processes that affect the yield, extraction of tea biomolecules at optimized condition is thought to be challenging. Implementation of technological advancements in green chemistry approaches can minimize the deviation retaining maximum qualitative properties in environment friendly way. Existed extraction processes with optimization parameters of tea have been discussed in this paper including its prospects and limitations. This exhaustive review of various extraction parameters, decaffeination process of tea and large scale cost effective isolation of tea components with aid of modern technology can assist people to choose extraction condition of tea according to necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal India
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Structural features of a novel polysaccharide isolated from a New Zealand Maori mushroom Iliodiction cibarium. Carbohydr Res 2015; 406:19-26. [PMID: 25658062 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A purified water-soluble fraction (ICP5) of a polysaccharide, isolated from a local Maori mushroom Iliodiction cibarium in New Zealand, was investigated for its structural properties. Size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering showed that ICP5 had a large MW of 1.6 × 10(5) Da with a hydrodynamic diameter of 83 ± 8 nm. Particle size measurements also displayed the tendency of ICP5 to aggregate when suspended in water. The results of GC-MS, FTIR and NMR analyses allowed some characteristics of the chemical structure of ICP5 to be determined. GC-MS results showed that ICP5 contained only glucose (81.61%), galactose (12.90%) and mannose (5.49%) monomers. The characterized fragment structures of ICP5 were found to be dominantly consisting of uronic acids, which formed a backbone containing 1,4-β-D-GlcpA. A small amount of unsaturated uronic acid also appeared to be present.
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Wu DT, Meng LZ, Wang LY, Lv GP, Cheong KL, Hu DJ, Guan J, Zhao J, Li SP. Chain conformation and immunomodulatory activity of a hyperbranched polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 110:405-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pan LH, Li XF, Wang MN, Zha XQ, Yang XF, Liu ZJ, Luo YB, Luo JP. Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64:420-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Ren X, He L, Cheng J, Chang J. Optimization of the solid-state fermentation and properties of a polysaccharide from Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel) Samson and its antioxidant activities in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87578. [PMID: 24498337 PMCID: PMC3911990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture conditions for the yield of a polysaccharide (PCPS) produced by Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel) Samson on solid-state fermentation were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was applied to screen out significant factors, followed by the paths of steepest ascent to move to the nearest region of maximum response. Then Box-Behnken design (BBD) was conducted to optimize the final levels of the culture conditions. After analyzing the regression equation and the response surface contour plots, relative humidity 56.07%, inoculum 13.51 mL/100 g and temperature 27.09°C were found to be the optimal key parameters for PCPS production. The maximum predicted yield of PCPS was 10.76 mg/g under the optimized conditions. The resulting PCPS (FPCPS) generated at optimal conditions was purified by chromatography column and found to be composed of mannose (43.2%), rhamnose (32.1%), xylose (14.5%) and arabinose (10.2%). Based on the size exclusion chromatography combined with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) analysis, FPCPS adopted a Gaussian coil conformation in 0.1 M NaNO3 solution with 3.75 × 10(6) g/mol of the weight-average molar mass (Mw) and 41.1 nm of the root-mean square radius (Rg(2))z (1/2). Furthermore, both of the polysaccharides were revealed to have strong antioxidant activities by evaluating in DPPH radical, superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radical assay. These data suggest the polysaccharides of Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel) Samson produced by solid-state fermentation could be explored as potential natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyong Ren
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Institute of Biological Technology, Zhejiang Forestry Academy, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Institute of Biological Technology, Zhejiang Forestry Academy, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Chang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Polysaccharides from Chinese tea: Recent advance on bioactivity and function. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:76-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Xu CP, Xiao Y, Mao DB. Antioxidant activity potential of Virginia (flue-cured) tobacco flower polysaccharide fractions obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:2100-4. [PMID: 24096655 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction was employed to extract polysaccharide from Virginia (flue-cured) tobacco flowers. The orthogonal matrix method (L9(3)(4)) was used to determine the optimal extraction conditions as to ultrasound power, extraction time, ratio of solvent to solid, and extraction temperature at 300 W, 4 min, 35 (mL/g), and 70 °C respectively. The crude extract was successively purified by chromatography, yielding two major polysaccharide fractions, termed Fr-I and Fr-II. Both fractions are heteropolysaccharides, mainly containing glucose, mannose, and allose with an a-configuration. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperatures (Td) of Fr-I and Fr-II were 185 °C and 190 °C respectively. The preliminary antioxidant activity test in vitro showed both fractions could potentialize the scavenging effect on hydroxyl and DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the two polysaccharides may be useful as naturally potential antioxidant agents for application in food and medicinal fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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Cai W, Xie L, Chen Y, Zhang H. Purification, characterization and anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharides from green tea. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:1086-90. [PMID: 23399132 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The crude tea polysaccharides were extracted from the leaves of Camellia sinensis using deionized water. The tea polysaccharides (TPS) were further separated and purified by anion exchange chromatograph on DEAE sepharose CL-6B column to afford TPS-1, TPS-2, TPS-3 and TPS-4. The high performance gel permeation chromatograph analysis showed that the average molecular weight of polysaccharides (TPS-1, TPS-2 and TPS-3) were 20,760, 24,230 and 250,643, respectively. TPS-4 was 689, 113 and 4150, suggesting it was heterogeneous. Monosaccharide analysis detected fucose, glucosamine, rhamnose, arabinose, galactosamine, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid in the four polysaccharide fractions. Anticoagulant activities in vitro tests showed TPS-4 could significantly prolong APTT and TT, but not PT. The result indicated TPS-4 in the regulation of coagulation initiated via the intrinsic pathway. With current findings TPS-4 should be explored as a natural potential anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Cai
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China.
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Liu G, Xu S, Chen L. Chemical composition and bioactivities of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the endodermis of shaddock. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:763-6. [PMID: 22813932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of shaddock (Citrus paradisi) mainly consisted of polyphenols, proteins and polysaccharides. However, polysaccharides from shaddock materials have received much less consideration than polyphenols. Herein, a water-soluble neutral polysaccharide from the endodermis of shaddock was isolated and showed good bioactivities. Crude polysaccharides from the endodermis of shaddock (EPS) was extracted with hot water and separated on a DEAE Sepharose FF gel filtration column to obtain NEPS. The IR and UV spectra of NEPS showed that NEPS was mainly composed of polysaccharide and there are no proteins existing in NEPS. The DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power of NEPS are much lower than those of crude EPS; however, Citrus flavonoids significantly improved the DPPH radical scavenging potential and reducing power of NEPS. The crude EPS (5mg/mL) showed a similar inhibitory effect (77.92±5.03%) with NEPS (5 mg/mL) (74.63±4.71%) on α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocong Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials & Chembiosensing Technology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi, PR China.
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Etxeberria U, de la Garza AL, Campión J, Martínez JA, Milagro FI. Antidiabetic effects of natural plant extracts via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes with emphasis on pancreatic alpha amylase. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:269-97. [PMID: 22360606 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.664134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the negative clinical outcomes observed with the commercially available anti-diabetic drugs have led to the investigation of new therapeutic approaches focused on controlling postprandrial glucose levels. The use of carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors from natural resources could be a possible strategy to block dietary carbohydrate absorption with less adverse effects than synthetic drugs. AREAS COVERED This review covers the latest evidence regarding in vitro and in vivo studies in relation to pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors of plant origin, and presents bioactive compounds of phenolic nature that exhibit anti-amylase activity. EXPERT OPINION Pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors from traditional plant extracts are a promising tool for diabetes treatment. Many studies have confirmed the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of plants and their bioactive compounds in vitro, but few studies corroborate these findings in rodents and very few in humans. Thus, despite some encouraging results, more research is required for developing a valuable anti-diabetic therapy using pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors of plant origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usune Etxeberria
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, C/Irunlarrea, 1 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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