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Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020426. [PMID: 36679306 PMCID: PMC9866924 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on polymeric waste-paper composites, including state-of-the-art analysis with quantitative and qualitative discussions. Waste paper is a valuable cellulose-rich material, produced mainly from office paper, newspaper, and paper sludge, which can be recycled and returned to paper production or used in a new life cycle. A systematic literature review found 75 publications on this material over the last 27 years, with half of those published during the last five years. These data represent an increasing trend in the number of publications and citations that have shown an interest in this field. Most of them investigated the physicomechanical properties of composites using different contents of raw waste paper or the treated, modified, and cellulose-extracted types. The results show that polyethylene and polypropylene are the most used matrices, but polylactic acid, a biodegradable/sourced polymer, has the most citations. The scientific relevance of waste-paper composites as a subject includes the increasing trend of the number of publications and citations over the years, as well as the gaps identified by keyword mapping and the qualitative discussion of the papers. Therefore, biopolymers and biobased polymers could be investigated more, as well as novel applications. The environmental impact in terms of stability and degradation should also receive more attention regarding sustainability and life cycle analyses.
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Bui HN, Chen YC, Pham AT, Ng SL, Lin KYA, Nguyen NQV, Bui HM. Life cycle assessment of paper mill wastewater: a case study in Viet Nam. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1522-1537. [PMID: 35290229 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although in a critical position in the economy, the paper industry releases a lot of wastewater that requires adequate treatment for sustainable development. This study presents an application of Life cycle assessment (LCA) with the ReCiPe tool on the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of a paper factory in Vietnam to evaluate the environmental effect of the individual techniques in WWTP, especially the internal circulation (IC) reactor, a pioneer and practical anaerobic technology. Both Midpoint and Endpoint categories results demonstrated that chemical use and electricity consumption mainly contributed to the environmental impact in the WWTP. The Dissolved air flotation (DAF) and Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) are classified as effective techniques to reduce the impacts on the environment. Moreover, the comparison of LCA between IC and up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) shows that IC is the better practically green technique for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Nghia Bui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dayeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dayeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
| | - Anh Thi Pham
- Institute for Environmental and Transport Studies, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Si Ling Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ngan Quang Viet Nguyen
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Manh Bui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam E-mail:
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3
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The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated wastepaper for bioethanol production. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Bacterial valorization of pulp and paper industry process streams and waste. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1345-1363. [PMID: 33481067 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is a major source of lignocellulose-containing streams. The components of lignocellulose material are lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose that may be hydrolyzed into their smaller components and used as feedstocks for valorization efforts. Much of this material is contained in underutilized streams and waste products, such as black liquor, pulp and paper sludge, and wastewater. Bacterial fermentation strategies have suitable potential to upgrade lignocellulosic biomass contained in these streams to value-added chemicals. Bacterial conversion allows for a sustainable and economically feasible approach to valorizing these streams, which can bolster and expand applications of the pulp and paper industry. This review discusses the composition of pulp and paper streams, bacterial isolates from process streams that can be used for lignocellulose biotransformations, and technological approaches for improving valorization efforts. KEY POINTS: • Reviews the conversion of pulp and paper industry waste by bacterial isolates. • Metabolic pathways for the breakdown of lignocellulose components. • Methods for isolating bacteria, determining value-added products, and increasing product yields.
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Nair AS, Al-Battashi H, Al-Akzawi A, Annamalai N, Gujarathi A, Al-Bahry S, Dhillon GS, Sivakumar N. Waste office paper: A potential feedstock for cellulase production by a novel strain Bacillus velezensis ASN1. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:491-500. [PMID: 30343780 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the cellulase (FPase) production by newly isolated Bacillus velezensis ASN1 using waste office paper (WOP) as feedstock and optimization of production conditions through two level factorial design, steepest ascent/descent and second order response surface methodology (RSM). Various fermentation parameters, like chemical factors (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, yeast extract, magnesium sulphate, sodium nitrate, Tween 80, and waste office paper), physical factors (temperature, pH and time) and biological factor (inoculum size) were examined using two level full factorial design to check the key factors significantly affecting the cellulase production. The central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the vital fermentation parameters, such as carbon (WOP), nitrogen, pH, and inoculum concentration in the medium for achieving higher cellulase production. The optimum medium composition was found to be WOP (9 g/L), sodium nitrate (0.35 g/L), inoculum size (6.56%) and pH 4.72. The model prediction of 2.46 U/mL cellulase activity at optimum conditions was verified experimentally as 2.42 U/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Sadasivan Nair
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Huda Al-Battashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahlam Al-Akzawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Neelamegam Annamalai
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ashish Gujarathi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saif Al-Bahry
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Nallusamy Sivakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
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Ghodake GS, Yang J, Shinde SS, Mistry BM, Kim DY, Sung JS, Kadam AA. Paper waste extracted α-cellulose fibers super-magnetized and chitosan-functionalized for covalent laccase immobilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 261:420-427. [PMID: 29698891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enormous disposal of paper wastes (PW) causing number of environmental problems. PW is efficiently used to extract multifunctional α-cellulose fibers (αCFs). Thus, αCFs extraction from PW, and functionalization with Fe3O4 and chitosan were successfully performed for immobilization of laccase. Therefore, in this investigation, PW extracted αCFs were tuned with supermagnetic Fe3O4 (M) and functionalized with chitosan (CTA) (M-PW-αCF-CTA). Furthermore, M-PW-αCF-CTA was glutaraldehyde cross-linked for covalent laccase immobilization. The synthesized materials were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, FE-SEM, FE-HR-TEM and VSM analyzes. M-PW-αCF-CTA exhibited magnetic saturation value of 14.72 emu/g. Laccase immobilized on M-PW-αCF-CTA (M-PW-αCF-CTA-Lac) gave 92% of activity recovery and loading capacity of 73.30 mg/g. M-PW-αCF-CTA-Lac showed excellent pH, temperature, and storage stabilities with the exceptional reusability potential. Moreover, M-PW-αCF-CTA-Lac was applied for repeated removal of carcinogenic Direct Red 28 (DR28). Therefore, M-PW-αCF-CTA-Lac is green and economical biocatalyst with extraordinary separation potential can be enforced for environmental pollutants reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan S Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, 10326 Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwook Yang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, 10326 Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Surendra S Shinde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, 10326 Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhupendra M Mistry
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, 10326 Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Avinash A Kadam
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Yu H, Xu Y, Ni Y, Wu Q, Liu S, Li L, Yu S, Ji Z. Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from waste paper fibers by cationic polymers addition. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:248-254. [PMID: 30177163 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers (cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), polyethyleneimine (PEI) or cationic starch (CS)) were used to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper fibers (WPFs) at 15% (w/w) solids concentration. Results showed that 0.05 g/L PEI, CPAM and CS resulted in 72.5%, 65.9% and 59.7% conversion of WPFs, increased by 15.4%, 8.8% and 2.6%, respectively, compared with control (57.1%). PEI was shown to have a larger effect than CPAM and CS, and generate a total sugar concentration of 73.9 g/L. Improvement in hydrolysis with cationic polymer addition is attributed to increased cellulase adsorption on cellulose through electrostatic attraction, rather than enhancement of cellulase activity. A patching/ bridging mechanism of cationic polymer enhancement of cellulose adsorption in cellulose is hypothesized. PEI exhibited maximum cellulose binding for polymers examined and appears to promote binding through a patching mechanism. CPAM and CS adsorbed a relatively low cellulase through bridging mechanism. In addition, enzyme loading could be reduced by addition of cationic polymers to obtain the same glucose yield, especially when PEI was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yuqin Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shitao Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Zhe Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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8
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Effective lactic acid production from waste paper using Streptococcus thermophilus at low enzyme loading assisted by Gleditsia saponin. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:122-127. [PMID: 30177148 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Waste paper has considerable potential as a raw material for lactic acid (LA) production due to high cellulose content, abundance and low cost. In this study, four kinds of waste papers were used for LA production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by Streptococcus thermophilus. The SSF of office paper achieved the highest LA concentration (39.71 g/L), while the highest LA yield was observed for magazine (99.56%), followed by office paper (82.85%). High LA concentration is unfavorable to total LA conversion because of product inhibition. However, the addition of Gleditsia saponin (GS) could obtain both high yield and high concentration of LA at a low enzyme loading, indicating that product inhibition could be moderated. A lactic acid yield of 86.30% was obtained from office paper at an enzyme loading of 9 FPU/g-cellulose with GS, which was higher than that of without GS at a higher loading of 18 FPU/g-cellulose.
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Neelamegam A, Al-Battashi H, Al-Bahry S, Nallusamy S. Biorefinery production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate using waste office paper hydrolysate as feedstock for microbial fermentation. J Biotechnol 2018; 265:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Nishimura H, Tan L, Kira N, Tomiyama S, Yamada K, Sun ZY, Tang YQ, Morimura S, Kida K. Production of ethanol from a mixture of waste paper and kitchen waste via a process of successive liquefaction, presaccharification, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 67:86-94. [PMID: 28527862 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient ethanol production from waste paper requires the addition of expensive nutrients. To reduce the production cost of ethanol from waste paper, a study on how to produce ethanol efficiently by adding kitchen waste (potentially as a carbon source, nutrient source, and acidity regulator) to waste paper was performed and a process of successive liquefaction, presaccharification, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (L+PSSF) was developed. The individual saccharification performances of waste paper and kitchen waste were not influenced by their mixture. Liquefaction of kitchen waste at 90°C prior to presaccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) was essential for efficient ethanol fermentation. Ethanol at concentrations of 46.6 or 43.6g/l was obtained at the laboratory scale after fermentation for 96h, even without pH adjustment and/or the addition of extra nutrients. Similarly, ethanol at a concentration of 45.5g/l was obtained at the pilot scale after fermentation for 48h. The ethanol concentration of L+PSSF of the mixture of waste paper and kitchen waste was comparable to that of PSSF of waste paper with added nutrients (yeast extract and peptone) and pH adjustment using H2SO4, indicating that kitchen waste is not only a carbon source but also an excellent nutrient source and acidity regulator for fermentation of the mixture of waste paper and kitchen waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 1-7-89 Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-8559, Japan
| | - Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Noriko Kira
- Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 1-7-89 Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-8559, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tomiyama
- Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 1-7-89 Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-8559, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Global Environment Policy Office, Kyoto City, 488, Teramachi-Oike, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8571, Japan
| | - Zhao-Yong Sun
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue-Qin Tang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shigeru Morimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Kida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Nishimura H, Tan L, Sun ZY, Tang YQ, Kida K, Morimura S. Efficient production of ethanol from waste paper and the biochemical methane potential of stillage eluted from ethanol fermentation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 48:644-651. [PMID: 26687227 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste paper can serve as a feedstock for ethanol production due to being rich in cellulose and not requiring energy-intensive thermophysical pretreatment. In this study, an efficient process was developed to convert waste paper to ethanol. To accelerate enzymatic saccharification, pH of waste paper slurry was adjusted to 4.5-5.0 with H2SO4. Presaccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) with enzyme loading of 40 FPU/g waste paper achieved an ethanol yield of 91.8% and productivity of 0.53g/(Lh) with an ethanol concentration of 32g/L. Fed-batch PSSF was used to decrease enzyme loading to 13 FPU/g waste paper by feeding two separate batches of waste paper slurry. Feeding with 20% w/w waste paper slurry increased ethanol concentration to 41.8g/L while ethanol yield decreased to 83.8%. To improve the ethanol yield, presaccharification was done prior to feeding and resulted in a higher ethanol concentration of 45.3g/L, a yield of 90.8%, and productivity of 0.54g/(Lh). Ethanol fermentation recovered 33.2% of the energy in waste paper as ethanol. The biochemical methane potential of the stillage eluted from ethanol fermentation was 270.5mL/g VTS and 73.0% of the energy in the stillage was recovered as methane. Integrating ethanol fermentation with methane fermentation, recovered a total of 80.4% of the energy in waste paper as ethanol and methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Li Tan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhao-Yong Sun
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue-Qin Tang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kenji Kida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shigeru Morimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper for ethanol production using separate saccharification and fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:25-42. [PMID: 25234398 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable alternative to diminishing petroleum-based liquid fuels. In this study, the feasibility of ethanol production from waste paper using the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) was investigated. Two types of waste paper materials, newspaper and office paper, were evaluated for their potential to be used as a renewable feedstock for the production of fermentable sugars via enzymatic hydrolysis of their cellulose fractions. Hydrolysis step was conducted with a mixture of cellulolytic enzymes produced locally by Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 (cellulase-overproducing mutant) and Aspergillus niger F38 cultures. Surfactant pretreatment effect on waste paper enzymatic digestibility was studied and Triton X-100 at 0.5 % (w w(-1)) has improved the digestibility of newspaper about 45 %. The effects of three factors (dry matter quantity, phosphoric acid pretreatment and hydrolysis time) on the extent of saccharification were also assessed and quantified by using a methodical approach based on response surface methodology. Under optimal hydrolysis conditions, maximum degrees of saccharification of newspaper and office paper were 67 and 92 %, respectively. Sugars released from waste paper were subsequently converted into ethanol (0.38 g ethanol g(-1) sugar) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CTM-30101.
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Wu FC, Huang SS, Shih IL. Sequential hydrolysis of waste newspaper and bioethanol production from the hydrolysate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:159-168. [PMID: 24980028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A practical process was developed for production of a high quality hydrolysate of waste newspaper that ensured its complete fermentability to bioethanol. After pretreatment with 0.1N NaOH for 12h and sequential acid and enzyme hydrolysis, 10.1g/L of glucose (50.5%), 1.38 g/L of mannose (6.9%) and 0.28 g/L of galactose (1.4%), a total of 11.76 g/L of fermentable sugars was obtained, which accounts for 88.7% of saccharification efficiency. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae BCRC20271 showed excellent co-fermentability of glucose, mannose and galactose in hydrolysate of waste newspaper. After cultivation of the hydrolysate at 24°C in static culture for 48 h, the final ethanol concentration of 5.72 g/L (96% conversion efficiency) was produced. Overall, 1000 kg of waste newspaper will produce 286 kg (362 L) of ethanol by the process developed, which reveals that waste newspaper has higher potential than many other lignocellulosic and seaweed feedstocks for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chen Wu
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Sing Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Lung Shih
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.
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14
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Kuila A, Banerjee R. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of enzyme pretreated Lantana camara using S. cerevisiae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1963-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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16
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Sheikh MMI, Kim CH, Park HJ, Kim SH, Kim GC, Lee JY, Sim SW, Kim JW. Influence of torrefaction pretreatment for ethanol fermentation from waste money bills. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:203-9. [PMID: 23600574 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Waste money bills (WMB) that are no longer legal tender are nonrecyclable and are generally useless. In this work, we used this cellulose-rich material for ethanol fermentation for the first time. Torrefaction of this nonlignocellulosic waste material was attempted to examine whether such material could benefit from this process as a conventional lignocellulosic material does. Effects of two important parameters, that is, residence times (20, 40, and 60 Min) and temperatures (140, 160, 180, 200, and 220°C), on the torrefaction yield were studied under an inert atmosphere. Glucose and ethanol yields were compared using a factorial experimental design. The highest glucose yield (81.59 mg/mL) was obtained with a torrefaction treatment consisting of 40 min at 180 °C, and it was increased 44.89% compared to untreated WMB. Based on ethanol feasibility studies conducted on WMB, this estimated quantity of glucose could be produced for subsequent fermentation to ethanol (38.92 mg/mL) and it was increased 47.92% compared to the untreated sample. The fermentation rate was also enhanced by adding 0.4 mM benzoic acid under anaerobic conditions. It is concluded that production of ethanol from WMB would reduce waste management costs and thus would be profitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominul Islam Sheikh
- Department of Environmental Forest Products, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Elliston A, Collins SR, Wilson DR, Roberts IN, Waldron KW. High concentrations of cellulosic ethanol achieved by fed batch semi simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of waste-paper. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:117-26. [PMID: 23500568 PMCID: PMC3629557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of second generation ethanol production is to increase the ethanol concentration to 10% (v/v) or more to optimise distillation costs. Semi simultaneous saccharification and fermentations (SSSF) were conducted at small pilot scale (5L) utilising fed-batch additions of solid shredded copier paper substrate. Early addition of Accellerase® 1500 at 16 FPU/g substrate and 30 U/g β-glucosidase followed by substrate only batch addition allowed low final equivalent enzyme concentrations to be achieved (3.7 FPU/g substrate) whilst maintaining digestion. Batch addition resulted in a cumulative substrate concentration equivalent to 65% (w/v). This in turn resulted in the production of high concentrations of ethanol (11.6% v/v). The success of this strategy relied on the capacity of the bioreactor to perform high shear mixing as required. Further research into the timing and number of substrate additions could lead to further improvement in overall yields from the 65.5% attained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keith W. Waldron
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 (0)1603 255385; fax: +44 (0)1603 507723.
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