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Zhang W, Zhang QY, Li J, Ren XN, Zhang Y, Niu Q. Study on the Digestive Behavior of Chlorogenic Acid in Biomimetic Dietary Fiber and the Antioxidative Synergistic Effect of Polysaccharides and Chlorogenic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2634-2647. [PMID: 38267223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CA) is often combined with dietary fiber polysaccharides in plant foods, which may affect its digestive behavior and antioxidant activity. This study constructed a biomimetic dietary fiber (BDF) model by combining bacterial cellulose (BC) and pectin with CA and investigated the digestive behavior of CA in BDF. Additionally, the study examined the interaction and synergistic effects of polysaccharides and CA against oxidation. Results showed that BDF and natural dietary fiber had similar microstructures, group properties, and crystallization properties, and polysaccharides in BDF were bound to CA. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion, 41.03% of the CA existed in a conjugated form, and it was possibly influenced by the interaction between polysaccharides and CA. And the release of CA during simulated digestion potentially involved four mechanisms, including the disintegration of polysaccharide-CA complex, the dissolution of pectin, escape from BC-pectin (BCP) network structure, and diffusion release. And polysaccharides and CA may be combined through noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals force, or electrostatic interaction force. Meanwhile, polysaccharides-CA combination had a synergistic antioxidant effect by the results of free-radical scavenging experiments, it was probably related to the interaction between polysaccharides and CA. The completion of this work has a positive significance for the development of dietary intervention strategies for oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qian-Yu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317300, China
| | - Ji Li
- School of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xue-Ning Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- CCIC Northwest Ecological Technology (Shaanxi), Xi'an 710021, China
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2
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Polezhaeva TV, Zaitseva OO, Khudyakov AN, Sergushkina MI, Solomina ON. Cryoprotective Effect of Pectin Tanacetan from Tanacetum vulgare L. Biopreserv Biobank 2024. [PMID: 38190112 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We researched the ability of tanacetan pectin from inflorescences of common tansy Tanacetum vulgare L. to change the osmolarity and freezing point of water in solutions of cryoprotectants: glycerol-3.5%, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-10%, dimethylacetamide-10% (DMAC), and 1.2-propanediol (1.2-PD)-10%, as well as the effect of solutions of tanacetan (0.2%, 0.4%) on the kinetics of crystallization processes and the nature of crystal formation. We used a combination of protector and pectin that we tested earlier, which provided effective protection for human leukocytes and platelets, as well as bovine spermatozoa, at temperatures below freezing (-20°C and -80°C). It has been established that tanacetan slows down the process of water freezing in glycerol, but not in DMSO, DMAC, and 1.2-PD, promotes deeper supercooling of the medium, and affects the morphological structure of ice. The addition of pectin to the cryosolution increases the activity of the main cryoprotectant glycerol even at its low concentrations. The combination of glycerol and tanacetan can be effective in freezing biological materials, which is confirmed by the preservation of leukocytes at -20°C and -80°C for 7 days, platelets at -80°C for 30 days, and spermatozoa at -80°C within 1 day. A comprehensive analysis of the chemical, physicochemical, and cryoprotective properties of tanacetan indicates the prospect of using pectin in the cryopreservation of biological objects at temperatures of electric freezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Vitalyevna Polezhaeva
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Oksana Olegovna Zaitseva
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Andrey Nikolayevich Khudyakov
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Marta Igorevna Sergushkina
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Olga Nurzadinovna Solomina
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Du Q, Bi J, Yi J, Zhao Y, Feng S, Ma Y. The role of fructose at a range of concentration on the texture and microstructure of freeze-dried pectin-cellulose matrix cryogel. J Texture Stud 2023; 54:763-774. [PMID: 37222133 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-dried (FD) fruit and vegetable materials with a large amount of sugar are unstable. With the aim to understand the structure formation of FD products, the effects of fructose content on the texture and microstructure of FD matrix were investigated by using pectin-cellulose cryogel model. Cryogels containing fructose of 0-40% were produced using freeze-drying at three different primary drying temperatures of -40, -20, and 20°C. The resultant cryogels were characterized by texture profile analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and μCT. Results indicated that at drying temperature of -40°C, increasing fructose concentration promoted the hardness of the cryogels, and cryogels of 16% fructose obtained maximum hardness. Excessive fructose (≥20%) weakened the described hardness, while exhibiting stronger springiness and resilience. The microstructure showed that dense pores and increased wall thickness due to fructose aggregation were critical factors responsible for increased hardness. The porous structure as well as relatively large pore size were necessary for crispness, in addition, rigid pore wall with certain strength were also required. At the drying temperature of 20°C, large hetero-cavities dominated the microstructure of cryogels with 30% and 40% fructose, caused by melting inside during FD process. In this situation, lower Tm (-15.48 and -20.37°C) were responsible for cryogels' melting In conclusion, if possible, regulating fructose content and state may enable the precision texture design of FD fruit and vegetable foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Du
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyong Yi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhan Feng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Youchuan Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Su Y, Su J, Xue J, Zhang R, Li X, Li Y, Ding Y, Chu X. Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Polysaccharide from Acanthopanax senticosus and Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights. Molecules 2023; 28:6585. [PMID: 37764361 PMCID: PMC10536278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain the optimal process for the enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus, and study the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides of different molecular weights, the extraction of Acanthopanax polysaccharides was optimized using the BBD response surface test. The polysaccharides with different molecular weights were obtained by ethanol-graded precipitation at 40%, 60%, and 80%, which were presented as ASPS40, ASPS60, and ASPS80. The polysaccharides were analyzed by HPGPC, ion chromatography, FT-IR, UV, SEM, TGA, XRD, Congo red, and I2-KI tests. The antioxidant assay was used to evaluate their antioxidant properties in vitro. The findings demonstrated that the recovery rate of Acanthopanax polysaccharide was 10.53 ± 0.682%, which is about 2.5 times greater compared to the conventional method of hot water extraction. Based on FT-IR, TGA, polysaccharides with different molecular weights did not differ in their structure or thermal stability. The XRD suggests that the internal structure of ASPSs is amorphous. Congo red and I2-KI showed that all three polysaccharides had triple helix structures with longer branched chains and more side chains. Furthermore, the antioxidant results showed the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides is not only related to the molecular weight size but also can be related to its composition and structure. These studies developed a green, and scalable method to produce polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus and evaluated the properties of Acanthopanax polysaccharides of different molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Jianqing Su
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiuling Chu
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.W.); (J.X.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
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Liu Y, Yan S, Li B, Li J. Analysis of pectin-cellulose interaction in cell wall of lotus rhizome with assistance of ball-milling and galactosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125615. [PMID: 37391001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to depict the structural feature of polysaccharides extracted from Na2CO3 unextractable fraction (LUN) of lotus rhizome using galactosidase with assistance of ball milling. The extracted polysaccharides were a complex of cellulose microfibrils and the RG-I structural domain of pectin, and the top three monosaccharides were glucose, galactose and galactose uronic acid, which allowed to tune the properties of the enzyme-hydrolyzed polysaccharide from LUN after 15 and 45 min of ball milling. The data of XRD revealed that pectin has a masking effect on the diffraction peaks of cellulose components. The removing of the polysaccharides could increase the degree of crystallinity and the pectin-cellulose interaction mainly occured through the galactan side chain was speculated. Textural characterization by SEM exhibited a cross-linked rod-like structure, which is similar to the structure of cellulose microfibrils. The morphological analysis of AFM revealed that L15-P (enzyme-hydrolyzed polysaccharide from LUN after 15 min of ball milling) contained relatively ordered and uniform network structures. Overall, the present study provides an important insight into cell wall of lotus rhizome matrix polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shoulei Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Aquatic vegetable Preservation & Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Yangtze River Economic Belt Engineering Research Center for Green Development of Bulk Aquatic Bioproducts Industry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Yangtze River Economic Belt Engineering Research Center for Green Development of Bulk Aquatic Bioproducts Industry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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6
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Thiabmak C, Chiewchan N, Devahastin S. Production and characterization of nanofibrillated cellulose gels simultaneously exhibiting thermally stable green color and oil-in-water emulsion stabilizing capability from Centella asiatica. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3036-3048. [PMID: 37248778 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) gels simultaneously exhibiting Pickering stabilizing capability and thermally stable green color were developed for use as food additive in thermally processed food emulsion requiring the expression of color. Chopped Centella asiatica plant was mixed with zinc amino acid chelate solution and subject to autoclaving at 130°C for 2 h to form zinc-chlorophylls complex and to remove noncellulosic components. Autoclaved sample was high-shear homogenized at 26,000 rpm for 15 min and microfluidized at either 80, 120, or 160 MPa for 5 passes. An increase in microfluidization pressure resulted in a decrease in NFC diameters; microfluidization at 160 MPa did not nevertheless yield any further reduction in the diameters when compared with that at 120 MPa. From energy consumption point of view, microfluidization at 120 MPa for 5 passes was then noted as optimal condition for preparation of NFC coloring gel; NFC with diameters of 8-42 nm and crystallinity index of 35% was obtained. Freshly prepared gel exhibited gel-like behavior and dark green color. Heating at 121°C for 1 h did not affect diameters, viscoelasticity, and color of the gel. Addition of the gel at 0.9% or 1.2% (w/w) into soybean oil-in-water emulsion, in combination with high-shear homogenization at 18,000 rpm for 5 min, resulted in adequate emulsion stability. The emulsion exhibited stable dark green color and no phase separation after heating at 121°C for 1 h and during storage for 8 weeks. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Information presented here can serve as a guideline for further development of a multifunctional food ingredient exhibiting thermally stable green color and oil-in-water emulsion stabilizing capability. In other words, one simple ingredient can serve at the same time as both natural food colorant and emulsion stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompunutch Thiabmak
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naphaporn Chiewchan
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Luo H, Yao H, Li M, Meng F, Zhao H, Yu C, Liang X, Liu H. Fabrication of novel pectin-based adsorbents for extraction of uranium from simulated seawater: synthesis, performance and mechanistic insight. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Liu Z, Hu Y, Du A, Yu L, Fu X, Wu C, Lu L, Liu Y, Wang S, Huang W, Tu S, Ma X, Li H. Cell Wall Matrix Polysaccharides Contribute to Salt-Alkali Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315019. [PMID: 36499349 PMCID: PMC9735747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-alkali stress threatens the resilience to variable environments and thus the grain yield of rice. However, how rice responds to salt-alkali stress at the molecular level is poorly understood. Here, we report isolation of a novel salt-alkali-tolerant rice (SATR) by screening more than 700 germplasm accessions. Using 93-11, a widely grown cultivar, as a control, we characterized SATR in response to strong salt-alkali stress (SSAS). SATR exhibited SSAS tolerance higher than 93-11, as indicated by a higher survival rate, associated with higher peroxidase activity and total soluble sugar content but lower malonaldehyde accumulation. A transcriptome study showed that cell wall biogenesis-related pathways were most significantly enriched in SATR relative to 93-11 upon SSAS. Furthermore, higher induction of gene expression in the cell wall matrix polysaccharide biosynthesis pathway, coupled with higher accumulations of hemicellulose and pectin as well as measurable physio-biochemical adaptive responses, may explain the strong SSAS tolerance in SATR. We mapped SSAS tolerance to five genomic regions in which 35 genes were candidates potentially governing SSAS tolerance. The 1,4-β-D-xylan synthase gene OsCSLD4 in hemicellulose biosynthesis pathway was investigated in details. The OsCSLD4 function-disrupted mutant displayed reduced SSAS tolerance, biomass and grain yield, whereas the OsCSLD4 overexpression lines exhibited increased SSAS tolerance. Collectively, this study not only reveals the potential role of cell wall matrix polysaccharides in mediating SSAS tolerance, but also highlights applicable value of OsCSLD4 and the large-scale screening system in developing SSAS-tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongzhi Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Anping Du
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xingyue Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuili Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Longxiang Lu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangxuan Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weizao Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengbin Tu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinrong Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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Artificial Neural Networks to Optimize Oil-in-Water Emulsion Stability with Orange By-Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233750. [PMID: 36496559 PMCID: PMC9739075 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed to optimize the formulation of stable oil-in-water emulsions (oil 6% w/w) with a flour made from orange by-products (OBF), rich in pectins (21 g/100 g fresh matter), in different concentrations (0.95, 2.38, and 3.40% w/w), combined with or without soy proteins (0.3 and 0.6% w/w). Emulsions containing OBF were stable against coalescence and flocculation (with 2.4 and 3.4% OBF) and creaming (3.4% OBF) for 24 h; the droplets' diameter decreased up to 44% and the viscosity increased up to 37% with higher concentrations of OBF. With the protein addition, the droplets' diameter decreased by up to 70%, and flocculation increased. Compared with emulsions produced with purified citrus pectins (0.2 and 0.5% w/w), OBF emulsions exhibited up to 32% lower viscosities, 129% larger droplets, and 45% smaller Z potential values. Optimization solved with ANNs minimizing the droplet size and the emulsion instability resulted in OBF and protein concentrations of 3.16 and 0.14%, respectively. The experimental characteristics of the optimum emulsion closely matched those predicted by ANNs demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed method.
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Raka AM, Takada A, Hossain KS. Effect of heat treatment on conformational and structural properties of sugar beet pectin. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Xu X, Zheng C, Lu D, Song CP, Zhang L. Phase separation in plants: New insights into cellular compartmentalization. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1835-1855. [PMID: 34314106 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge for cells is how to coordinate various biochemical reactions in space and time. To achieve spatiotemporal control, cells have developed organelles that are surrounded by lipid bilayer membranes. Further, membraneless compartmentalization, a process induced by dynamic physical association of biomolecules through phase transition offers another efficient mechanism for intracellular organization. While our understanding of phase separation was predominantly dependent on yeast and animal models, recent findings have provided compelling evidence for emerging roles of phase separation in plants. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current knowledge of phase separation, including its definition, biophysical principles, molecular features and regulatory mechanisms. Then we summarize plant-specific phase separation phenomena and describe their functions in plant biological processes in great detail. Moreover, we propose that phase separation is an evolutionarily conserved and efficient mechanism for cellular compartmentalization which allows for distinct metabolic processes and signaling pathways, and is especially beneficial for the sessile lifestyle of plants to quickly and efficiently respond to the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Canhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Huang JY, Liao JS, Qi JR, Jiang WX, Yang XQ. Structural and physicochemical properties of pectin-rich dietary fiber prepared from citrus peel. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Palacio-Lopez K, Sun L, Reed R, Kang E, Sørensen I, Rose JKC, Domozych DS. Experimental Manipulation of Pectin Architecture in the Cell Wall of the Unicellular Charophyte, Penium Margaritaceum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1032. [PMID: 32733522 PMCID: PMC7360812 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pectins represent one of the main components of the plant primary cell wall. These polymers have critical roles in cell expansion, cell-cell adhesion and response to biotic stress. We present a comprehensive screening of pectin architecture of the unicellular streptophyte, Penium margaritaceum. Penium possesses a distinct cell wall whose outer layer consists of a lattice of pectin-rich fibers and projections. In this study, cells were exposed to a variety of physical, chemical and enzymatic treatments that directly affect the cell wall, especially the pectin lattice. Correlative analyses of pectin lattice perturbation using field emission scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that pectin lattice microarchitecture is both highly sensitive and malleable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Reagan Reed
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Eric Kang
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Iben Sørensen
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jocelyn K. C. Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - David S. Domozych
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
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14
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Morales-Medina R, Dong D, Schalow S, Drusch S. Impact of microfluidization on the microstructure and functional properties of pea hull fibre. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Xiong SX, Zeng QY, Hou JQ, Hou LL, Zhu J, Yang M, Yang ZN, Lou Y. The temporal regulation of TEK contributes to pollen wall exine patterning. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008807. [PMID: 32407354 PMCID: PMC7252695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen wall consists of several complex layers which form elaborate species-specific patterns. In Arabidopsis, the transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORE (AMS) is a master regulator of exine formation, and another transcription factor, TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK), specifies formation of the nexine layer. However, knowledge regarding the temporal regulatory roles of TEK in pollen wall development is limited. Here, TEK-GFP driven by the AMS promoter was prematurely expressed in the tapetal nuclei, leading to complete male sterility in the pAMS:TEK-GFP (pat) transgenic lines with the wild-type background. Cytological observations in the pat anthers showed impaired callose synthesis and aberrant exine patterning. CALLOSE SYNTHASE5 (CalS5) is required for callose synthesis, and expression of CalS5 in pat plants was significantly reduced. We demonstrated that TEK negatively regulates CalS5 expression after the tetrad stage in wild-type anthers and further discovered that premature TEK-GFP in pat directly represses CalS5 expression through histone modification. Our findings show that TEK flexibly mediates its different functions via different temporal regulation, revealing that the temporal regulation of TEK is essential for exine patterning. Moreover, the result that the repression of CalS5 by TEK after the tetrad stage coincides with the timing of callose wall dissolution suggests that tapetum utilizes temporal regulation of genes to stop callose wall synthesis, which, together with the activation of callase activity, achieves microspore release and pollen wall patterning. To develop into mature pollen grains, microspores require formation of the pollen wall. To date, pollen wall developmental events, including production and transportation of pollen wall components, synthesis and degradation of the callose wall, and deposition and demixing of primexine, have been studied in Arabidopsis, and a number of anther- or tapetum-specific genes involved in pollen wall formation have been uncovered. However, whether the specific expression patterns of these genes contribute to pollen wall development or patterning remains unclear. Here, we show that TEK, a transcription factor that specifies formation of nexine (the inner layer of the pollen wall exine), represses the expression of the callose synthase CalS5 after the tetrad stage, which accurately fits with the timing of callose wall dissolution causing microspore release. Moreover, we show that premature expression of TEK in the wild-type anthers disturbs callose wall synthesis and pollen wall patterning. This work reveals that a pollen wall regulator must be kept under a strict temporal control to perform its functions, and that these temporal controls are coordinated with other pollen wall developmental events to determine pollen wall formation and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Xiong
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Ye Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Li Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Impoolsup T, Chiewchan N, Devahastin S. On the use of microwave pretreatment to assist zero-waste chemical-free production process of nanofibrillated cellulose from lime residue. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115630. [PMID: 31887968 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) pretreatment as an energy-efficient method to enhance the production of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) residue after juice extraction is proposed. NFC was prepared by subjecting lime residue to MW pretreatment for up to 3 rounds; this was followed by high-shear and high-pressure homogenization. Repeated application of MW pretreatment helped remove non-cellulosic components and resulted in an increased cellulose content and crystallinity index but a decrease in fiber diameter. Freshly prepared NFC sample exhibited gel-like behavior. G' and G″ of suspension prepared from dried NFC markedly decreased, indicating the loss of gel-like property upon drying. Proper pectin molecular weight as well as pectin content were noted to play an important role in controlling aggregation of NFC during drying and hence water redispersibility of dried NFC. Significant amounts of pectin and limonin could be recovered and utilized as co-products after the first round of MW pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawee Impoolsup
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Naphaporn Chiewchan
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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17
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Radja A, Horsley EM, Lavrentovich MO, Sweeney AM. Pollen Cell Wall Patterns Form from Modulated Phases. Cell 2019; 176:856-868.e10. [PMID: 30735635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ornately geometric walls of pollen grains have inspired scientists for decades. We show that the evolved diversity of these patterns is entirely recapitulated by a biophysical model in which an initially uniform polysaccharide layer in the extracellular space, mechanically coupled to the cell membrane, phase separates to a spatially modulated state. Experiments reveal this process occurring in living cells. We observe that in ∼10% of extant species, this phase separation reaches equilibrium during development such that individual pollen grains are identical and perfectly reproducible. About 90% of species undergo an arrest of this process prior to equilibrium such that individual grains are similar but inexact copies. Equilibrium patterns have appeared multiple times during the evolution of seed plants, but selection does not favor these states. This framework for pattern development provides a route to rationalizing the surface textures of other secreted structures, such as cell walls and insect cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja Radja
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33(rd) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric M Horsley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33(rd) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maxim O Lavrentovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, 1408 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Alison M Sweeney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33(rd) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Mobility of pectin methylesterase in pectin/cellulose gels is enhanced by the presence of cellulose and by its catalytic capacity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12551. [PMID: 31467440 PMCID: PMC6715659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pectin methylesterase action is usually studied in a homogeneous aqueous medium in the presence of a large excess of soluble substrate and water. However in the cell wall, the water content is much lower, the substrate is cross-linked with itself or with other polymers, and the enzyme has to diffuse through the solid matrix before catalysing the linkage breakdown. As plant primary cell walls can be considered as cellulose-reinforced hydrogels, this study investigated the diffusion of a fungal pectin methylesterase in pectin/cellulose gels used as cell wall-mimicking matrix to understand the impact of this matrix and its (micro) structure on the enzyme’s diffusion within it. The enzyme mobility was followed by synchrotron microscopy thanks to its auto-fluorescence after deep-UV excitation. Time-lapse imaging and quantification of intensity signal by image analysis revealed that the diffusion of the enzyme was impacted by at least two criteria: (i) only the active enzyme was able to diffuse, showing that the mobility was related to the catalytic ability, and (ii) the diffusion was improved by the presence of cellulose in the gel.
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19
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Yang X, Xue Z, Fang Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Shi G, Feng S, Zhao L. Structure-immunomodulatory activity relationships of Hedysarum polysaccharides extracted by a method involving a complex enzyme combined with ultrasonication. Food Funct 2019; 10:1146-1158. [PMID: 30724930 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02293c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new, more effective and environmentally friendly method involving a complex enzyme combined with ultrasonication was employed to extract and isolate three novel polysaccharides (HPS-MCs: HPS-MC, HPS-MC (50%) and HPS-MC (80%)) of Radix Hedysari. Compared with polysaccharides obtained using a traditional extraction method (hot water extraction, HPS-R), the yields and total carbohydrate contents of HPS-MCs were significantly higher. HPS-MC (80%) exhibited relatively strong immunomodulatory activity and a concentration-dependent dose-response relationship under cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppressive conditions in mice models. To more comprehensively investigate the relationships between structural characteristics and immunomodulatory activity, HPS-MC (80%) was fractionated into three major homogeneous polysaccharide fractions (HPS-MC (80%)s: HPS-MC (80%)-1, HPS-MC (80%)-2, and HPS-MC (80%)-3). These three homogeneous polysaccharides had different mass percentages of monosaccharides species (rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, and galactose) by gas chromatography (GC) and different molecular weights and chain conformations by high-performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (HPGPC-MALLS), and promoted macrophage and splenocyte proliferation to different degrees. These findings indicated that HPS-MC (80%) had a prominent potential immune response, especially HPS-MC (80%)-2 and HPS-MC (80%)-3, and might be suitable candidates for functional foods or potential novel immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
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20
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Vicent V, Ndoye FT, Verboven P, Nicolaï B, Alvarez G. Effect of dynamic storage temperatures on the microstructure of frozen carrot imaged using X-ray micro-CT. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Khudyakov AN, Kuleshova LG, Zaitseva OO, Sergushkina MI, Vetoshkin KA, Polezhaeva TV. Effect of Pectins on Water Crystallization Pattern and Integrity of Cells During Freezing. Biopreserv Biobank 2019; 17:52-57. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Nikolayevich Khudyakov
- Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood, Institute of Physiology, Komi Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Georgievna Kuleshova
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Olegovna Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood, Institute of Physiology, Komi Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Marta Igorevna Sergushkina
- Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood, Institute of Physiology, Komi Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | | | - Tatyana Vitalyevna Polezhaeva
- Laboratory of Cryophysiology of Blood, Institute of Physiology, Komi Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
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22
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Pacheco MT, Villamiel M, Moreno R, Moreno FJ. Structural and Rheological Properties of Pectins Extracted from Industrial Sugar Beet By-Products. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030392. [PMID: 30678271 PMCID: PMC6385028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the efficient extraction of pectin from sugar beet by-products (pressed, ensiled and dried pulp), by using an acid method or a commercial cellulose, is accomplished. The extraction method had an impact on the pectin monomeric composition, mainly in xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid content, as determined by GC-FID. FTIR and SEC analyses allowed the determination of similar degrees of methoxylation and molecular weights, respectively, in the extracted pectins. The acid extraction of pectin in the ensiled by-product led to the highest yield (19%) with a galacturonic acid content of 46%, whereas the application of the enzymatic extraction method resulted in a lower yield (13%) but higher galacturonic acid content (72%). Moreover, the stability in aqueous solution as well as the emulsifying activity index was higher for pectin extracted by the acid method, whereas the viscosity was higher in pectin extracted by the enzymatic method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the physicochemical properties and exploring the potential reuse of ensiled and dried by-products from sugar beet industry for the extraction of pectin to be further used in the food and pharmaceutical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM). Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mar Villamiel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM). Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Moreno
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049-Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) CEI (CSIC+UAM). Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Guo X, Guo X, Yu S, Kong F. Influences of the different chemical components of sugar beet pectin on the emulsifying performance of conjugates formed between sugar beet pectin and whey protein isolate. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Gawkowska D, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Structure-Related Gelling of Pectins and Linking with Other Natural Compounds: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E762. [PMID: 30960687 PMCID: PMC6404037 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectins are polysaccharides present commonly in dicotyledonous and non-grass monocotyledonous plants. Depending on the source, pectins may vary in molecular size, degrees of acetylation and methylation and contents of galacturonic acid and neutral sugar residues. Therefore, pectins demonstrate versatile gelling properties and are capable of forming complexes with other natural compounds, and as a result, they are useful for designing food products. This review focuses on the structure-related mechanisms of pectin gelling and linking with other natural compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, ferulic acid, proteins, starch, and chitosan. For each system, optimal conditions for obtaining useful functionality for food design are described. This review strongly recommends that pectins, as a natural biocomponent, should be the focus for both the food industry and the bioeconomy since pectins are abundant in fruits and may also be extracted from cell walls in a similar way to cellulose and hemicellulose. However, due to the complexity of the pectin family and the dynamic structural changes during plant organ development, a more intensive study of their structure-related properties is necessary. Fractioning using different solvents at well-defined development stages and an in-depth study of the molecular structure and properties within each fraction and stage, is one possible way to proceed with the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gawkowska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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25
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An YH, Zhou H, Yuan YH, Li L, Sun J, Shu S, Guo SR. 24-Epibrassinolide-induced alterations in the root cell walls of Cucumis sativus L. under Ca(NO 3) 2 stress. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:841-850. [PMID: 29243177 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) can effectively alleviate the oxidative stress caused by Ca(NO3)2 in cucumber seedlings. The root system is an essential organ in plants due to its roles in physical anchorage, water and nutrient uptake, and metabolite synthesis and storage. In this study, 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) was applied to the cucumber seedling roots under Ca(NO3)2 stress, and the resulting chemical and anatomical changes were characterized to investigate the roles of BRs in alleviating salinity stress. Ca(NO3)2 alone significantly induced changes in the components of cell wall, anatomical structure, and expression profiles of several lignin biosynthetic genes. Salt stress damaged several metabolic pathways, leading to cell wall reassemble. However, EBL promoted cell expansion and maintained optimum length of root system, alleviating the oxidative stress caused by Ca(NO3)2. The continuous transduction of EBL signal thickened the secondary cell wall of casparian band cells, thus resisting against ion toxicity and maintaining water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hong An
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian, 223800, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian, 223800, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Rong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian, 223800, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Production of nanofibrillated cellulose with superior water redispersibility from lime residues via a chemical-free process. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 193:249-258. [PMID: 29773379 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Water removal during drying of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) generally results in the formation of hydrogen bonds between fibers, leading to irreversible fiber agglomeration and hence their poor water redispersibility. The feasibility of using lime residues after juice extraction to produce dried NFC possessing superior redispersibility was here investigated. After autoclaving at 110-130 °C for 2 h, high-shear homogenization at 3800 × g for 15 min and high-pressure homogenization at 40 MPa for 5 passes, NFC having the diameters of 5-28 nm and crystallinity index of 44-46% could be obtained. After hot air drying at 60 °C, dried NFC could be well dispersed in water, with viscoelastic property similar to that of the originally prepared NFC suspension. Pectin associated with cellulose nanofibrils helped prevent fiber aggregation during drying and hence facilitating nanofiber redispersion in water. This observed trend was opposite to that belonging to fiber undergone chemical treatments to remove non-cellulosic constituents.
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27
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Willemsen KL, Panozzo A, Moelants K, Debon SJ, Desmet C, Cardinaels R, Moldenaers P, Wallecan J, Hendrickx ME. Physico-chemical and viscoelastic properties of high pressure homogenized lemon peel fiber fraction suspensions obtained after sequential pectin extraction. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Majda M, Grones P, Sintorn IM, Vain T, Milani P, Krupinski P, Zagórska-Marek B, Viotti C, Jönsson H, Mellerowicz EJ, Hamant O, Robert S. Mechanochemical Polarization of Contiguous Cell Walls Shapes Plant Pavement Cells. Dev Cell 2017; 43:290-304.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Guo X, Guo X, Meng H, Zhang B, Yu S. Using the high temperature resistant pH electrode to auxiliarily study the sugar beet pectin extraction under different extraction conditions. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Structural properties and foaming of plant cell wall polysaccharide dispersions. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:508-518. [PMID: 28732894 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Water suspensions of cellulose nanofibres with xylan, xyloglucan and pectin were studied for foaming and structural properties as a new means for food structuring. The dispersions were analysed with rheological measurements, microscopy and optical coherence tomography. A combination of xylan with TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose produced a mixture with well-dispersed air bubbles, while the addition of pectin improved the elastic modulus, hardness and toughness of the structures. A similar structure was observed with native nanocellulose, but the elastic modulus was not as high. Shear flow caused cellulose nanofibres to form plate-like flocs in the suspension that accumulated near bubble interfaces. This tendency could be affected by adding laccase to the dispersion, but the effect was opposite for native and TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose. Nanocellulose type also influenced the interactions between nanofibers and other polysaccharides. For example, xyloglucan interacted strongly with TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose (high storage modulus) but not with native nanocellulose.
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31
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Khorasani AC, Shojaosadati SA. Starch- and carboxymethylcellulose-coated bacterial nanocellulose-pectin bionanocomposite as novel protective prebiotic matrices. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Khorasani AC, Shojaosadati SA. Pectin-non-starch nanofibers biocomposites as novel gastrointestinal-resistant prebiotics. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:131-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Šimkovic I, Kelnar I, Mendichi R, Bertok T, Filip J. Composite films prepared from agricultural by-products. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Rheological properties of pomegranate peel suspensions: The effect of fibrous material and low-methoxyl pectin at acidic pH. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Amira HAA, Eida MAK. Production of alkaline proteases by alkalophilic Bacillus subtilis during recycling animal and plant wastes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2016.15430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ortiz A, Le Meurlay D, Lara I, Symoneaux R, Madieta E, Mehinagic E. The effects of sous-vide cooking parameters on texture and cell wall modifications in two apple cultivars: A response surface methodology approach. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016; 23:99-109. [PMID: 27413015 DOI: 10.1177/1082013216659197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed at evaluating the effects of sous-vide cooking parameters, such as time and temperature and their interactions, on textural attributes of 'Mondial Gala' and 'Granny Smith' apple cultivars. For this, different response surface methodology-based models were developed. This methodology proved a suitable means for the assessment of changes in textural parameters and cell wall modifications during the processing of apples. 'Mondial Gala' fruit displayed better aptitude for the preservation of textural properties after high-temperature processing conditions and were therefore apparently more suited to sous-vide cooking than 'Granny Smith' apples. Pectin methylesterase activity levels in 'Mondial Gala' apples were enhanced at mild temperatures and pectins in this cultivar displayed a lower degree of methylation. Therefore, the establishment of calcium-mediated linkages between cell wall polymers might have been favoured in 'Mondial Gala' apples, thus reinforcing tissues and improving the preservation of textural attributes, in comparison to 'Granny Smith' samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Lara
- 2 Departament de Química, Unitat de Postcollita-XaRTA, Universitat de Lleida, Spain
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Guo X, Meng H, Zhu S, Tang Q, Pan R, Yu S. Developing precipitation modes for preventing the calcium-oxalate contamination of sugar beet pectins. Food Chem 2015; 182:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gannasin SP, Adzahan NM, Hamzah MY, Mustafa S, Muhammad K. Physicochemical properties of tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) hydrocolloid fractions. Food Chem 2015; 182:292-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Sénéchal F, L'Enfant M, Domon JM, Rosiau E, Crépeau MJ, Surcouf O, Esquivel-Rodriguez J, Marcelo P, Mareck A, Guérineau F, Kim HR, Mravec J, Bonnin E, Jamet E, Kihara D, Lerouge P, Ralet MC, Pelloux J, Rayon C. Tuning of Pectin Methylesterification: PECTIN METHYLESTERASE INHIBITOR 7 MODULATES THE PROCESSIVE ACTIVITY OF CO-EXPRESSED PECTIN METHYLESTERASE 3 IN A pH-DEPENDENT MANNER. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23320-35. [PMID: 26183897 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.639534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) catalyze the demethylesterification of homogalacturonan domains of pectin in plant cell walls and are regulated by endogenous pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs). In Arabidopsis dark-grown hypocotyls, one PME (AtPME3) and one PMEI (AtPMEI7) were identified as potential interacting proteins. Using RT-quantitative PCR analysis and gene promoter::GUS fusions, we first showed that AtPME3 and AtPMEI7 genes had overlapping patterns of expression in etiolated hypocotyls. The two proteins were identified in hypocotyl cell wall extracts by proteomics. To investigate the potential interaction between AtPME3 and AtPMEI7, both proteins were expressed in a heterologous system and purified by affinity chromatography. The activity of recombinant AtPME3 was characterized on homogalacturonans (HGs) with distinct degrees/patterns of methylesterification. AtPME3 showed the highest activity at pH 7.5 on HG substrates with a degree of methylesterification between 60 and 80% and a random distribution of methyl esters. On the best HG substrate, AtPME3 generates long non-methylesterified stretches and leaves short highly methylesterified zones, indicating that it acts as a processive enzyme. The recombinant AtPMEI7 and AtPME3 interaction reduces the level of demethylesterification of the HG substrate but does not inhibit the processivity of the enzyme. These data suggest that the AtPME3·AtPMEI7 complex is not covalently linked and could, depending on the pH, be alternately formed and dissociated. Docking analysis indicated that the inhibition of AtPME3 could occur via the interaction of AtPMEI7 with a PME ligand-binding cleft structure. All of these data indicate that AtPME3 and AtPMEI7 could be partners involved in the fine tuning of HG methylesterification during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sénéchal
- From the EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation and
| | | | - Jean-Marc Domon
- From the EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation and
| | - Emeline Rosiau
- From the EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation and
| | - Marie-Jeanne Crépeau
- INRA, UMR 1268, Biopolymères-Interactions-Assemblages, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Ogier Surcouf
- the Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Grand Réseau de Recherche-Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, Innovation, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Normandie Université-Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Paulo Marcelo
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie Cellulaire and Analyses des Protéines (ICAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Alain Mareck
- the Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Grand Réseau de Recherche-Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, Innovation, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Normandie Université-Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Hyung-Rae Kim
- Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jozef Mravec
- the Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark, and
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- INRA, UMR 1268, Biopolymères-Interactions-Assemblages, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- the LRSV, UMR 5546 Université Toulouse 3/CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Daisuke Kihara
- the Departments of Computer Sciences and Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- the Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Grand Réseau de Recherche-Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, Innovation, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Normandie Université-Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex 1, France
| | - Marie-Christine Ralet
- INRA, UMR 1268, Biopolymères-Interactions-Assemblages, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- From the EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation and
| | - Catherine Rayon
- From the EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation and
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Thielen M, Speck T, Seidel R. Impact behaviour of freeze-dried and fresh pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel: influence of the hydration state. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:140322. [PMID: 26543566 PMCID: PMC4632530 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pomelos (Citrus maxima) are known for their thick peel which-inter alia-serves as energy dissipator when fruits impact on the ground after being shed. It protects the fruit from splitting open and thus enables the contained seeds to stay germinable and to potentially be dispersed by animal vectors. The main part of the peel consists of a parenchymatous tissue that can be interpreted from a materials point of view as open pored foam whose struts are pressurized and filled with liquid. In order to investigate the influence of the water content on the energy dissipation capacity, drop weight tests were conducted with fresh and with freeze-dried peel samples. Based on the coefficient of restitution it was found that freeze-drying markedly reduces the relative energy dissipation capacity of the peel. Measuring the transmitted force during impact furthermore indicated a transition from a uniform collapse of the foam-like tissue to a progressive collapse due to water extraction. Representing the peel by a Maxwell model illustrates that freeze-drying not only drastically reduces the damping function of the dashpots but also stiffens the springs of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Thielen
- Plant Biomechanics Group Freiburg, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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Domozych DS, Domozych CE. Multicellularity in green algae: upsizing in a walled complex. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:649. [PMID: 25477895 PMCID: PMC4235416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern green algae constitute a large and diverse taxonomic assemblage that encompasses many multicellular phenotypes including colonial, filamentous, and parenchymatous forms. In all multicellular green algae, each cell is surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM), most often in the form of a cell wall. Volvocalean taxa like Volvox have an elaborate, gel-like, hydroxyproline rich glycoprotein covering that contains the cells of the colony. In "ulvophytes," uronic acid-rich and sulfated polysaccharides are the likely adhesion agents that maintain the multicellular habit. Charophytes also produce polysaccharide-rich cell walls and in late divergent taxa, pectin plays a critical role in cell adhesion in the multicellular complex. Cell walls are products of coordinated interaction of membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics and the cell's signal transduction machinery responding both to precise internal clocks and external environmental cues. Most often, these activities must be synchronized with the secretion, deposition and remodeling of the polymers of the ECM. Rapid advances in molecular genetics, cell biology and cell wall biochemistry of green algae will soon provide new insights into the evolution and subcellular processes leading to multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Domozych
- Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga SpringsNY, USA
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Baldwin L, Domon JM, Klimek JF, Fournet F, Sellier H, Gillet F, Pelloux J, Lejeune-Hénaut I, Carpita NC, Rayon C. Structural alteration of cell wall pectins accompanies pea development in response to cold. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 104:37-47. [PMID: 24837358 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum) cell wall metabolism in response to chilling was investigated in a frost-sensitive genotype 'Terese' and a frost-tolerant genotype 'Champagne'. Cell walls isolated from stipules of cold acclimated and non-acclimated plants showed that cold temperatures induce changes in polymers containing xylose, arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid residues. In the tolerant cultivar Champagne, acclimation is accompanied by increases in homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and highly branched Rhamnogalacturonan I with branched and unbranched (1→5)-α-arabinans and (1→4)-β-galactans. In contrast, the sensitive cultivar Terese accumulates substantial amounts of (1→4)-β-xylans and glucuronoxylan, but not the pectins. Greater JIM7 labeling was observed in Champagne compared to Terese, indicating that cold acclimation also induces an increase in the degree of methylesterification of pectins. Significant decrease in polygalacturonase activities in both genotypes were observed at the end of cold acclimation. These data indicate a role for esterified pectins in cold tolerance. The possible functions for pectins and their associated arabinans and galactans in cold acclimation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Baldwin
- EA 3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- EA 3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - John F Klimek
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, United States.
| | - Françoise Fournet
- EA 3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Hélène Sellier
- INRA USTL UMR 1281, Laboratoire de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes, Estrées-Mons BP50136, 80203 Péronne, France.
| | - Françoise Gillet
- EA 3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA 3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Isabelle Lejeune-Hénaut
- INRA USTL UMR 1281, Laboratoire de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes, Estrées-Mons BP50136, 80203 Péronne, France.
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, United States.
| | - Catherine Rayon
- EA 3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
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Ribas-Agustí A, Van Buggenhout S, Palmero P, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A. Investigating the role of pectin in carrot cell wall changes during thermal processing: A microscopic approach. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nagel A, Sirisakulwat S, Carle R, Neidhart S. An acetate-hydroxide gradient for the quantitation of the neutral sugar and uronic acid profile of pectins by HPAEC-PAD without postcolumn pH adjustment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2037-2048. [PMID: 24547908 DOI: 10.1021/jf404626d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An HPAEC-PAD method was developed and validated to quantitate seven neutral sugars and two uronic acids of hydrolyzed pectic polysaccharides without postcolumn pH adjustment. Due to a short gradient phase minimizing the ion concentrations after equilibrating the CarboPac PA20 column with sodium acetate and hydroxide, subsequent isocratic separation of the neutral sugars was characterized by almost baseline resolution of rhamnose and arabinose (1.45 ± 0.15) and xylose and mannose (1.21 ± 0.02) at their maximal concentrations. Linearity was shown (R² = 0.9975-0.9998) for the relevant ranges (0.28-30.3 μmol L⁻¹); galacturonic acid, 1.7-128 μmol L⁻¹) above the limits of detection (30-81 nmol L⁻¹; galacturonic acid, 179 nmol L⁻¹) and ∼3.8 times higher limits of quantification. Conformity of the findings for four pectins after methanolysis plus hydrolysis in trifluoroacetic acid with those of reference procedures (total uronic acids, 95-102%; total neutral sugars, 97-105%) proved the accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nagel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University , Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Chylińska M, Szymańska-Chargot M, Zdunek A. Imaging of polysaccharides in the tomato cell wall with Raman microspectroscopy. PLANT METHODS 2014; 10:14. [PMID: 24917885 PMCID: PMC4051370 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-10-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary cell wall of fruits and vegetables is a structure mainly composed of polysaccharides (pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose). Polysaccharides are assembled into a network and linked together. It is thought that the percentage of components and of plant cell wall has an important influence on mechanical properties of fruits and vegetables. RESULTS In this study the Raman microspectroscopy technique was introduced to the visualization of the distribution of polysaccharides in cell wall of fruit. The methodology of the sample preparation, the measurement using Raman microscope and multivariate image analysis are discussed. Single band imaging (for preliminary analysis) and multivariate image analysis methods (principal component analysis and multivariate curve resolution) were used for the identification and localization of the components in the primary cell wall. CONCLUSIONS Raman microspectroscopy supported by multivariate image analysis methods is useful in distinguishing cellulose and pectins in the cell wall in tomatoes. It presents how the localization of biopolymers was possible with minimally prepared samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chylińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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