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Ghosh S, Abdullah MF. Extraction of polysaccharide fraction from cadamba (Neolamarckia cadamba) fruits and evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135564. [PMID: 39270906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
In this study, polysaccharide fraction (PFFNC) derived from Neolamarckia cadamba fruits showed remarkable antioxidant activity. The PFFNC was successfully extracted from the fruits by the hot water extraction process, followed by decolorization, defatting, and deproteinization. The chemical composition of PFFNC was effectively characterized by the use of UV-Vis, FT-IR, CHN, GC-MS, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The findings indicated that PFFNC had an average molecular weight of 292 kDa and was predominantly composed of carbohydrates (76 %), with notable contributions from uronic acids (37.22 %) and proteins (12.35 %). The primary components of the sugar content were glucose (19.24 %), galactose (10.19 %), mannose (4.09 %), and glucuronic acid (2.8 %). The tertiary structural study verified the existence of a triple-helical structure. PFFNC exhibited a strong reducing power in vitro as determined by ABTS (IC50: 121 ± 0.12 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50: 146.065 ± 0.54 μg/mL), FRAP (677.788 ± 24.189 mM Fe (II)/g), hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC50: 78.736 ± 0.32 μg/mL), and phosphomolybdate assay (90.7 ± 0.43 mg AAE/g). In addition, the PFFNC furthermore showed significant in vivo antioxidant capacity, as determined using the brine shrimp (Bsmp) (Artemia salina Leach) model. The PFFNC exhibits significant antioxidant potential, suggesting broad spectrum applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Ghosh
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Md Farooque Abdullah
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Inanan T, Önal Darilmaz D, Karaduman Yeşildal T, Yüksekdağ Z, Yavuz S. Structural characteristics of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ACS5 exopolysaccharide in association with its antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136148. [PMID: 39357712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel structure of exopolysaccharide from the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ACS5, isolated from home-made Turkish cheese, is described. After lyophilization, the L-EPS-ACS5 was characterized in production and functional activities in vitro, including antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The physicochemical characterizations of the L-EPS-ACS5 were determined through molecular weight, UV, FTIR, SEM, TGA, HPLC, NMR, methylation, and GC-MS analysis. Strong antioxidant activities of L-EPS-ACS5 were confirmed from the results obtained in the hydroxyl radical, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, superoxide anion radical, total antioxidant activity, and DNA damage protective effect, and also the L-EPS-ACS5 exhibited high antidiabetic activity (60 %). This study isolated L-EPS-ACS5 from a home-made cheese L. rhamnosus strain, demonstrating its novel and enhanced functionalities compared to existing strains. This opens exciting avenues for its development in the fields of biomedicine and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülden Inanan
- Technical Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey
| | - Derya Önal Darilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Karaduman Yeşildal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey
| | - Zehranur Yüksekdağ
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Yavuz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
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3
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Wang P, Wang S, Wang D, Li Y, Yip RCS, Chen H. Postbiotics-peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, exopolysaccharides, surface layer protein and pili proteins-Structure, activity in wounds and their delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133195. [PMID: 38885869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing is a pressing global public health concern. Abuse and drug resistance of antibiotics are the key problems in the treatment of chronic wounds at present. Postbiotics are a novel promising strategy. Previous studies have reported that postbiotics have a wide range of biological activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. However, several aspects related to these postbiotic activities remain unexplored or poorly known. Therefore, this work aims to outline general aspects and emerging trends in the use of postbiotics for wound healing, such as the production, characterization, biological activities and delivery strategies of postbiotics. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the physiological activities and structures of postbiotic biomolecules that contribute to wound healing is provided, such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, surface layer proteins, pili proteins, and secretory proteins (p40 and p75 proteins). Considering the presence of readily degradable components in postbiotics, potential natural polymer delivery materials and delivery systems are emphasized, followed by the potential applications and commercialization prospects of postbiotics. These findings suggest that the treatment of chronic wounds with postbiotic ingredients will help provide new insights into wound healing and better guidance for the development of postbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
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4
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Han J, Xia W, Wang D, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wu Z. Characterization of an exopolysaccharide synthesized by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus B6 and its immunomodulatory activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130576. [PMID: 38442828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide, designated F1, was purified from the fermented milk by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain B6 (CGMCC No. 13310). F1, with the weight average molecular weight of 1.577 × 106 Da, is consisted of rhamnose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 3.7:1.5: 1. The backbone included 1,3-linked Rha, 1,2,3-linked Rha, 1,2-linked Glc and 1,3-linked Glc residues, with the branching point located at O2 position of 1,2,3-linked Rha residue, and the branch chain composed of terminal linked galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. F1 could significantly stimulate the phagocytic activity and TNF-α expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, and the release of NO at 200 μg/mL as well. F1 at 200 μg/mL could stimulate the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine encoding genes including TNF-α and iNOS, but with a negligible upregulating effect on the mRNA expression of IL-10. F1 could up-regulate the expression of NF-κBp65 and skew macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype. These results suggest F1 elicit an immunomodulatory effect through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Danqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China.
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5
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Wa Y, Zhao X, Peng K, Qu H, Chen D, Zhang C, Chen X, Gu R. Effects of Nutrients on the Growth of and Free Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis by Streptococcus thermophilus 937 in a Chemically Defined Medium. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:331. [PMID: 37634211 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The free exopolysaccharide (f-EPS) produced by Streptococcus thermophilus is a natural texture modifier with health-promoting properties and has thus become one of the most interesting metabolites for researchers. The present work aimed to further understand the nutritional requirements for the growth of and the f-EPS production by S. thermophilus. The types and concentrations of compounds in the complete chemically defined medium were changed in turn to evaluate the effects of single nutrients on the growth of and f-EPS production by S. thermophilus 937. The results showed that cysteine, glutamine, histidine, methionine, tryptophan, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine played an important role in maintaining the rapid and stable growth of S. thermophilus 937. S. thermophilus 937 also required calcium pantothenate, niacin, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamine hydrochloride as essential nutrients for growth. Increases in the concentrations of lactose, glutamate, histidine, or isoleucine significantly increased the production of free exopolysaccharide by S. thermophilus 937, and when the lactose concentration increased to 20 g·L-1 and the concentration of the three-amino-acid combination increased to 15 mM, the f-EPS yield increased to a maximum of 35.34 μg·mL-1. This finding indicated that lactose and the 3 amino acids exert synergistic effects on the promotion of f-EPS production. In addition, lactose and the three amino acids have strain specific promoting effects on f-EPS production by S. thermophilus. This study provides a further understanding of the effects of nutrients on the biosynthesis of f-EPS by S. thermophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Wa
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kuiyao Peng
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hengxian Qu
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruixia Gu
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Shao L, Jiang S, Li Y, Yu L, Liu H, Ma L, Yang S. Aqueous extract of Cordyceps cicadae (Miq.) promotes hyaluronan synthesis in human skin fibroblasts: A potential moisturizing and anti-aging ingredient. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274479. [PMID: 37418356 PMCID: PMC10328226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae (Miq.) is an edible fungus with unique and valuable medicinal properties that is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, but its anti-aging effects on the skin fibroblast are not well studied. The aim of the present study was to analyze the active components of aqueous C. cicadae extract (CCE), determine the effects of CCE on hyaluronan synthesis in human skin fibroblasts, and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results of this study indicate that CCE was rich in polysaccharides, five alditols (mainly mannitol), eight nucleosides, protein, and polyphenols, which were present at concentrations of 62.7, 110, 8.26, 35.7, and 3.8 mg/g, respectively. The concentration of extract required to inhibit 50% of 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging capacities were 0.36 ± 0.03 and 4.54 ± 0.10 mg/mL, respectively, indicating that CCE exhibits excellent antioxidant activities. CCE showed no cytotoxicity to skin fibroblasts at concentrations ≤ 100 μg/mL, and promoted HA synthesis in fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblast cells with 100 μg/mL CCE enhances the HA content to 1293 ± 142 ng/mL, which is significantly more than that in the non-treatment (NT) group (p = 0.0067). Further, RNA sequencing detected 1,192 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CCE-treated fibroblasts, among which 417 were upregulated and 775 were downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) and Genomes pathway (GO) analysis based on RNA sequencing revealed that CCE mainly affected cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction regulated by HA synthesis-related genes. CCE upregulated HA synthase 2 (HAS2), epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related genes, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 2, and other genes related to fibroblast differentiation and proliferation. CCE downregulated the gene of matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12), which leads to cell matrix loss. RT-qPCR further verified CCE significantly upregulated HAS2 expression and significantly downregulated MMP12 expression, thus promoting hyaluronan synthesis. CCE shows potential as a moisturizer and anti-aging agent in functional foods and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujing Jiang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- R&D Innovation Center, Shandong Freda Biotech Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Laiji Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzhen Yang
- R&D Innovation Center, Shandong Freda Biotech Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
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7
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Ali AH, Bamigbade G, Tarique M, Esposito G, Obaid R, Abu-Jdayil B, Ayyash M. Physicochemical, rheological, and bioactive properties of exopolysaccharide produced by a potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis 84B. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124425. [PMID: 37076064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) have attracted a great interest due to their potential health-promoting properties and industrial applications. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical, rheological, and biological properties of an EPS produced by a potential probiotic strain Enterococcus faecalis 84B. The results show that the extracted EPS, designated EPS-84B, had an average molecular weight of 604.8 kDa, particles size diameter of 322.0 nm, and mainly composed of arabinose and glucose with a molar ratio of 1:2. Furthermore, EPS-84B exhibited a shear-thinning behavior and had a high melting point. The rheological properties of EPS-84B were strongly influenced by the type of salt than by the pH value. EPS-84B displayed ideal viscoelastic properties, with both viscous and storage moduli increasing with frequency. The antioxidant activity of EPS-84B at a concentration of 5 mg/mL was 81.1 % against DPPH and 35.2 % against ABTS. At 5 mg/mL, the antitumor activity of EPS-84B against Caco-2 and MCF-7 cell lines was 74.6 and 38.6 %, respectively. In addition, the antidiabetic activity of EPS-84B towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase was 89.6 and 90.0 %, respectively at 100 μg/mL. The inhibition of foodborne pathogens by EPS-84B was up to 32.6 %. Overall, EPS-84B has promising properties that could be utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Gafar Bamigbade
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Tarique
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gennaro Esposito
- Science Division - New York University Abu Dhabi, NYUAD Campus, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Reyad Obaid
- Department: Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basim Abu-Jdayil
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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8
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Yang Y, Jiang G, Tian Y. Biological activities and applications of exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: a mini-review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:155. [PMID: 37039945 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are naturally occurring high-molecular-weight carbohydrates that have been widely studied for their biological activities, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer and gut microbiota regulation activities. Polysaccharides are abundant in nature and can be derived from animals, plants, algae, and microorganisms, but among polysaccharides with potential uses, EPSs from microorganisms have the advantages of a short production cycle, high yield, and independence of production from season and climate and thus have broad prospects. While the safety of the producing microorganism can represent a problem in application of microbial EPSs, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used by humans for thousands of years, and they and their products are generally recognized as safe. This makes LAB excellent sources for exopolysaccharides. EPS-producing LAB are readily found in nature. Through screening of strains, optimization of culture conditions, and improvement of the growth medium, the yield of EPSs from LAB can be increased and the scope of application broadened. This review summarizes EPSs from LAB in terms of structure, function and applications, as well as yield optimization, and introduces recent research on the biological activities and practical applications of LAB EPSs, aiming to provide references for researchers in related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Guangyang Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
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9
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Alimi H, Mabrouk FH, Zouari N, Sakly M, Rhouma KB. LC-ESI-MS phenolic contents assessment, antioxidant, and protective ability of Punica granatum root bark extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: in silico H +, K +-ATPase inhibitory pathway study. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:189-200. [PMID: 37125332 PMCID: PMC10141772 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the Punica granatum root bark extract's (PGE) antioxidant and gastroprotective activities against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats and to elucidate the putative mechanism of action using in silico analysis. The PGE phytochemical study shows high levels of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and polysaccharides. In vitro, the PGE was more effective at scavenging hydroxyl radicals than quercetin and had lower ferric reducing activity than catechin. In vivo, it was revealed that pretreatment of ethanol-ulcerated rats with PGE at oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w. offered a dose-dependent shield against ethanol-induced ulcers when compared to Omeprazole (20 mg/kg b.w.) by preventing the development of deep ulcer lesions, lowering gastric juice output and pH rises, boosting gastric mucus production and antioxidant enzyme levels, and attenuating malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase contents. Moreover, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of PGE identified 5 phenolic acids and 4 flavonoids, which revealed an in silico high oral bioavailability, drug-likenesses, and good binding affinities and thus inhibitory effects on the gastric H+, K+-ATPase enzyme. PGE may have synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and H+, K+-proton pump inhibitory actions that contribute to its antiulcer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Alimi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Faten Haj Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Nacim Zouari
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, 9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Khémais Ben Rhouma
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
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Dong X, Gao X, Wang R, Liu C, Wu J, Huang Q. Evaluation of Polysaccharide Content in Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinula edodes (Agaricomycetes), via Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Integrated with Deep Learning. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:13-28. [PMID: 36734916 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022046298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide is one of the bioactive ingredients extracted from the fruiting body of Lentinula edodes (=L. edodes), which has many medicinal functions. While the content of polysaccharide can be measured by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, the NIR analytical models established previously only covered L. edodes from very limited sources, and thus could not achieve high accuracy for large samples from more varied sources. Strictly, there is a nonlinear relationship between NIR spectral data and chemical label values, and traditional modeling methods for NIR data analysis have problems such as insufficient feature learning ability and difficulty in training. The deep learning model has excellent nonlinear modeling ability and generalization capacity, which is very suitable for analyzing larger samples. In this study, we constructed a novel framework with deep learning techniques on the NIR analysis of the content of polysaccharide in L. edodes. The siPLS model was established based on the combination of the bands 4797-3995 cm-1 and 6401-5600 cm-1, while the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model was established with improved feature in the treatment of the spectral data. The comparative experimental results showed that the 1D-CNN model (R2pre = 95.50%; RMSEP =0.1875) outperformed the siPLS model (R2pre = 87.89%, RMSEP = 0.6221). As such, this work has demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy with the integration of deep learning can provide more accurate quantification of polysaccharide in L. edodes. Such method can be very useful for nutritional grading and quality control of diverse L. edodes in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Xiangkun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Wu
- Innis College, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
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11
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Wang B, Sun X, Xu M, Wang F, Liu W, Wu B. Structural characterization and partial properties of dextran produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides RSG7 from pepino. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1108120. [PMID: 36819025 PMCID: PMC9933128 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria possess various bioactivities and potential attractions for scientific exploration and commercial development. An EPS-producing bacterial strain, RSG7, was previously isolated from the pepino and identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Based on the analyses of high-performance size exclusion chromatography, high-performance ion chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and methylation, the RSG7 EPS was identified as a dextran with a molecular weight of 5.47 × 106 Da and consisted of α-(1→6) glycosidic linkages as backbone and α-(1→2), α-(1→3), α-(1→4), and α-(1→6) glycosidic linkages as side chains. Scanning electron microscopy observed a honeycomb-like porous structure of RSG7 dextran, and this dextran formed aggregations with irregular hill-shaped lumps according to atomic force microscopy analysis. Physical-chemical investigations suggested that RSG7 dextran possessed excellent viscosity at high concentration, low temperature, and high pH; showed a superior emulsifying capacity of tested vegetable oils than that of hydrocarbons; and owned the maximal flocculating activity (10.74 ± 0.23) and flocculating rate (93.46 ± 0.07%) in the suspended solid of activated carbon. In addition, the dextran could coagulate sucrose-supplemented milk and implied potential probiotics in vitro. Together, these results collectively describe a valuable dextran with unique characteristics for exploitation in food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weizhong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China,Weizhong Liu,
| | - Baomei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China,*Correspondence: Baomei Wu,
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12
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Novel exopolysaccharide produced by the marine dinoflagellate Heterocapsa AC210: Production, characterization, and biological properties. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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13
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Wan C, Qian WW, Liu W, Pi X, Tang MT, Wang XL, Gu Q, Li P, Zhou T. Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZFM231 alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7087-7097. [PMID: 35707876 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Lactobacillus and other probiotics are associated with many benefits, such as immune regulation, antioxidant properties, antitumor effect, and regulation of intestinal microbe homeostasis. In the present study, the modulatory effect of EPS produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZFM231 on the intestinal flora of mice with inflammatory bowel disease induced by dextran sulfate solution was investigated. RESULTS Results indicated that weight loss, colonic length, the disease activity index score and colonic tissue damage in mice were significantly improved by EPS treatment. Compared with the model group, in the EPS-treated group, the diversity of and the composition of gut microbiota at both phylum and genus levels were found to recover to the levels of normal group, indicating the effective modulation on gut microbiota by EPS; short-chain fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid produced by intestinal microbial metabolism, increased significantly; the level of anti-inflammatory factor transforning growth factor-β significantly increased and the level of pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α significantly decreased in the colonic cells of EPS-treated mice. CONCLUSION It is clear that EPS produced by L. rhamnosus ZFM231 could find application in functional foods with the property of anti-ulcerative colitis. The experimental results provide new insights into the probiotic effect of EPS. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wan
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Qian
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Ting Tang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- Faulty of Food Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Peptides, Exopolysaccharides, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Fermented Milk and Perspectives on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4654-4665. [PMID: 35133532 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by chronic inflammatory processes and an imbalanced immune response along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Pharmacological treatments have been widely used, although their long-term application has adverse side effects. On the other hand, milks fermented with specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to be useful as alternative or complementary aids. Many metabolites such as peptides, exopolysaccharides, and short-chain fatty acids are produced during milk fermentation. These components have been shown to change the pH of the gastrointestinal lumen, aid intestine mucosal recovery, modulate the microbiota, and reduce the inflammatory response (innate and adaptive immune system), both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to describe how these bioactive compounds from fermented milk by specific LAB can decrease the deleterious symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.
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15
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Li J, Feng S, Yu L, Zhao J, Tian F, Chen W, Zhai Q. Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Abdel-Wahab BA, F. Abd El-Kareem H, Alzamami A, A. Fahmy C, H. Elesawy B, Mostafa Mahmoud M, Ghareeb A, El Askary A, H. Abo Nahas H, G. M. Attallah N, Altwaijry N, M. Saied E. Novel Exopolysaccharide from Marine Bacillus subtilis with Broad Potential Biological Activities: Insights into Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxicity, and Anti-Alzheimer Activity. Metabolites 2022; 12:715. [PMID: 36005587 PMCID: PMC9413097 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presented study, Bacillus subtilis strain AG4 isolated from marine was identified based on morphological, physiological, phylogenetic characteristics and an examination of 16S rRNA sequences. Novel exopolysaccharide (EPSR4) was extracted and isolated from the Bacillus subtilis strain as a major fraction of exopolysaccharide (EPS). The analysis of structural characterization indicated that EPSR4 is a β-glycosidic sulphated heteropolysaccharide (48.2%) with a molecular weight (Mw) of 1.48 × 104 g/mole and has no uronic acid. Analysis of monosaccharide content revealed that EPSR4 consists of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose monosaccharide in a molar ratio of 5:1:3, respectively. Morphological analysis revealed that EPSR4 possess a high crystallinity degree with a significant degree of porosity, and its aggregation and conformation in the lipid phase might have a significant impact on the bioactivity of EPSR4. The biological activity of EPSR4 was screened and evaluated by investigating its antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer activities. The antioxidant activity results showed that EPSR4 has 97.6% scavenging activity toward DPPH free radicals at 1500 µg/mL, with an IC50 value of 300 µg/mL, and 64.8% at 1500 µg/mL toward hydrogen peroxide free radicals (IC50 = 1500 µg/mL, 30 min). Furthermore, EPSR4 exhibited considerable inhibitory activity towards the proliferation of T-24 (bladder carcinoma), A-549 (lung cancer) and HepG-2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cancer cell lines with IC50 of 244 µg/mL, 148 µg/mL and 123 µg/mL, respectively. An evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity revealed that EPSR4 has potent lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activity (IC50 of 54.3 µg/mL) and a considerable effect on membrane stabilization (IC50 = 112.2 ± 1.2 µg/mL), while it showed cyclooxygenase (COX2) inhibitory activity up to 125 µg/mL. Finally, EPSR4 showed considerable inhibitory activity towards acetylcholine esterase activity. Taken together, this study reveals that Bacillus subtilis strain AG4 could be considered as a potential natural source of novel EPS with potent biological activities that would be useful for the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 7111, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa F. Abd El-Kareem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, P.O. Box 1383, Al Quwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Cinderella A. Fahmy
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Basem H. Elesawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- Cancer Biology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 3646, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ghareeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Nashwah G. M. Attallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.G.M.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Najla Altwaijry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.G.M.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Sørensen HM, Rochfort KD, Maye S, MacLeod G, Brabazon D, Loscher C, Freeland B. Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Production, Purification and Health Benefits towards Functional Food. Nutrients 2022; 14:2938. [PMID: 35889895 PMCID: PMC9319976 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are capable of synthesising metabolites known as exopolysaccharides (EPS) during fermentation. Traditionally, EPS plays an important role in fermented dairy products through their gelling and thickening properties, but they can also be beneficial to human health. This bioactivity has gained attention in applications for functional foods, which leads them to have prebiotic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-tumour, cholesterol-lowering and anti-obesity activity. Understanding the parameters and conditions is crucial to optimising the EPS yields from LAB for applications in the food industry. This review provides an overview of the functional food market together with the biosynthesis of EPS. Factors influencing the production of EPS as well as methods for isolation, characterisation and quantification are reviewed. Finally, the health benefits associated with EPS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mylise Sørensen
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (C.L.); (B.F.)
- I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Keith D. Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Susan Maye
- Dairygold Co-Operative Society Limited, Clonmel Road, Co. Cork, P67 DD36 Mitchelstown, Ireland; (S.M.); (G.M.)
| | - George MacLeod
- Dairygold Co-Operative Society Limited, Clonmel Road, Co. Cork, P67 DD36 Mitchelstown, Ireland; (S.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Christine Loscher
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (C.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Brian Freeland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (C.L.); (B.F.)
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18
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Kim I, Chhetri G, So Y, Kim J, Seo T. Characteristics and Biological Activity of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lysobacter sp. MMG2 Isolated from the Roots of Tagetes patula. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1257. [PMID: 35888976 PMCID: PMC9325234 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Lysobacter sp. MMG2 (lyEPS) was characterized and purified. The lyEPS-producing strain Lysobacter sp. MMG2 was isolated from the roots of Tagetes patula. When lyEPS was produced in tryptic soy broth with 1% glucose and the lyophilized powder was measured, the yield was found to be 0.67 g/L. The molecular weight (Mw) of lyEPS was 1.01 × 105 Da. Its monosaccharide composition includes 84.24% mannose, 9.73% glucose, 2.55% galactose, 2.77% arabinose, 0.32% xylose, and 0.03% rhamnose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that lyEPS has various round and rough surfaces. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis identified its carbohydrate polymer functional groups. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis of lyEPS revealed two events of mass loss: the first was water loss, which resulted in 3.97% mass loss and the second event occurred at approximately 212 °C. lyEPS could inhibit biofilm-producing pathogenic bacteria without any antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, lyEPS at a concentration of 4 mg/mL could exhibit potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity (89.25%). These results indicate that lyEPS could be a promising candidate for industrial development if its biological activity is further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taegun Seo
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (I.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (J.K.)
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19
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Chen L, Gu Q, Zhou T. Statistical Optimization of Novel Medium to Maximize the Yield of Exopolysaccharide From Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM216 and Its Immunomodulatory Activity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924495. [PMID: 35719166 PMCID: PMC9201479 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional media used for the fermentation of Lactobacilli always contain carbohydrate polymers, which interfere with the analysis of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by the bacteria. In this investigation, a novel medium formulation that could avoid such interference was successfully developed. The beef extract, yeast extract, and peptone used in this formulation were subjected to the removal of polysaccharides before use. The factors affecting the EPS production were optimized by a single factor test, Plackett-Burman design, and Box-Behnken design. The optimum formula was ascertained as: 7.5 g L-1 yeast extract, 12.5 g L-1 beef extract, 10 g L-1 peptone, 21.23 g L-1 maltose, 5.51 g L-1 yeast nitrogen base, 2 g L-1 K2HPO4, 5 g L-1 anhydrous sodium acetate, 2 g L-1 ammonium citrate, 0.58 g L-1 MgSO4⋅7H2O, 0.25 g L-1 MnSO4⋅H2O, and 1 mL L-1 Tween 80. The initial pH of the medium was 6.5. The optimized conditions for fermentation of the strain to produce EPS were as follows: seed size 1%, culture temperature 37°C, and culture time 20 h. Optimum results showed that EPS yield was 496.64 ± 3.15 mg L-1, being 76.70% higher than that of unoptimized conditions (281.07 ± 5.90 mg L-1). The EPS was mainly comprised of glucose and guluronic acid, with a weight average molecular weight of 19.9 kDa; it was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV analysis. EPS was found to significantly enhance the phagocytic capacity, promote the NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretion, and improve mRNA expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages, indicating its considerable immunomodulatory activity. Western bolt and immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the EPS was able to increase p65 nuclear translocation in the macrophages, indicating that EPS enhanced immunity via the NF-κB signaling pathway. EPS investigated in this work has potential as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hypoimmunity population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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A novel exopolysaccharide produced by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii with cryoprotective and freeze-drying protective activities. Food Chem 2022; 392:133304. [PMID: 35636192 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel exopolysaccharide EPS-3791 was extracted and purified from a salt-tolerant yeast, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Structural analyses showed that EPS-3791 was composed of galactose, glucose and mannose in a molar ration of 1.00: 4.25: 13.30 with a molecular weight of 64.412 kDa. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy manifested the main functional groups, α- and β- configurations. Methylated analysis indicated T-Manp-(1→, →2)-Glcp-(1 → and → 2,6)-Manp-(1 → were the main linkages. 800 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated the EPS-3791 structure of a novel main chain and branched chain. Atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope revealed a homogeneous and uniform porous structure. In addition, EPS-3791 was proven to have cryoprotective and freeze-drying protective effects on Lactococcus lactis, and exhibited better protective performance than that of trelahose during freeze-drying of L. lactis, suggesting that EPS-3791 could be developed into cryoprotectant or lyoprotectant applied in food industry.
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21
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Pourjafar H, Ansari F, Sadeghi A, Samakkhah SA, Jafari SM. Functional and health-promoting properties of probiotics' exopolysaccharides; isolation, characterization, and applications in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8194-8225. [PMID: 35266799 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2047883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular sugar metabolites/polymers of some slim microorganisms and, a wide variety of probiotics have been broadly investigated for their ability to produce EPS. EPS originated from probiotics have potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetology, wastewater treatment, and textiles industries, nevertheless slight is recognized about their function. The present review purposes to comprehensively discuss the structure, classification, biosynthesis, extraction, purification, sources, health-promoting properties, techno-functional benefits, application in the food industry, safety, toxicology, analysis, and characterization methods of EPS originated from probiotic microorganisms. Various studies have shown that probiotic EPS used as stabilizers, emulsifiers, gelling agents, viscosifiers, and prebiotics can alter the nutritional, texture, and rheological characteristics of food and beverages and play a major role in improving the quality of these products. Numerous studies have also proven the beneficial health effects of probiotic EPS, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibiofilm, antiulcer, and antitoxin activities. Although the use of probiotic EPS has health effects and improves the organoleptic and textural properties of food and pharmaceutical products and there is a high tendency for their use in related industries, the production yield of these products is low and requires basic studies to support their products in large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ansari
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shohre Alian Samakkhah
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary of Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technology, Amol, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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22
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Li M, Li W, Li D, Tian J, Xiao L, Kwok LY, Li W, Sun Z. Structure characterization, antioxidant capacity, rheological characteristics and expression of biosynthetic genes of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IMAU11823. Food Chem 2022; 384:132566. [PMID: 35247774 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from lactic acid bacteria have special functions and complex structures, but the function and structure of EPSs of the important dairy starter, Lactococcus (L.) lactis subsp. lactis, are less known. This study investigated the cytotoxicity, antioxidant capacities, rheological characteristics, chemical structure and expression of biosynthetic genes of EPSs of the L. lactis subsp. lactis IMAU11823. The EPSs showed strong reducing power and no cytotoxicity. EPS-1 comprised glucose and mannose (molar ratio of 7.01: 1.00) and molecular weight was 6.10 × 105 Da, while EPS-2 comprised mannose, glucose and rhamnose (7.45: 1.00: 2.34) and molecular weight was 2.93 × 105 Da. EPS-1 was a linear structure comprised two sugar residues, while EPS-2 was more complex, non-linear, and comprised eight sugar residues. In additions, our study proposed an EPS biosynthesis model for the IMAU11823 strain. The current findings have broadened the understanding of the formation, structure and function of complex EPSs of IMAU11823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, PR China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, PR China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Luyao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, PR China.
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23
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Wu J, Han X, Ye M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhong Q. Exopolysaccharides synthesized by lactic acid bacteria: biosynthesis pathway, structure-function relationship, structural modification and applicability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7043-7064. [PMID: 35213280 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2043822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics and their fermentation products are increasingly been focused on due to their health-boosting effects. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthetized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely applied as texture modifiers in dairy, meat and bakery products owning to their improved properties. Moreover, LAB-derived EPS have been confirmed to possess diverse physiological bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-biofilm, antiviral, immune-regulatory or antitumor. However, the low production and high acquisition cost hinder their development. Even though LAB-derived EPS have been extensively studied for their production-improving, there are only few reports on the systematic elucidation and summary of the relationship among biosynthesis pathway, strain selection, production parameter, structure-function relationship. Therefore, a detailed summary on biosynthesis pathway, production parameter and structure-function relationship of LAB-derived EPS is provided in this review, the structural modifications together with the current and potential applications are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangpeng Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meizhi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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ZHANG M, WANG J, YANG Z. Immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of the exopolysaccharide produced by potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 in a HT-29 tumor-burdened nude mouse model. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.57822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min ZHANG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Ji WANG
- Jilin Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhennai YANG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
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25
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Muninathan C, Guruchandran S, Viswanath Kalyan AJ, Ganesan ND. Microbial exopolysaccharides: role in functional food engineering and gut‐health management. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nandhini Devi Ganesan
- Centre for Food Technology Department of Biotechnology Anna University Chennai 600025 India
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26
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Li J, Ai L, Xu F, Hu X, Yao Y, Wang L. Structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from Weissella cibaria NC516.11 in distiller grains and its improvement in gluten-free dough. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 199:17-23. [PMID: 34952097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an exopolysaccharide (EPS) was produced by Weissella cibaria NC516.11 isolated from distiller grains of Chinese Baijiu. The structural characterization of EPS determined using fourier transform infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra demonstrated that W. cibaria NC516.11 had α-(1 → 6) (93.46%) d-glucose linkages with a few α-(1 → 3) (6.54%) d-glucose linked branches. The monosaccharide composition of the EPS was glucose, and its molecular weight was 2.82 × 106 Da. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the microstructure of EPS had a three-dimensional structure at low magnification and a particle structure that protruded from the surface at high magnification. The addition of EPS into dough can promote the cross-linking of starch molecules and increase the water-holding capacity. Dynamic rheology indicated that the aqueous solution of EPS is a pseudoplastic fluid, and the higher the concentration of EPS, the greater the viscosity. The addition of EPS to the gluten-free dough showed G' > G", which could increase the viscoelastic properties of the dough and enhance the gluten network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Feiran Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xintian Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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27
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The Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Applications in Animal Husbandry. Curr Microbiol 2021; 79:22. [PMID: 34905106 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract of animals is a complex ecosystem in which nutrients, microbiota and host cells interact extensively. Probiotics can be considered as part of the natural microbiota of the gut and are involved in improving homeostasis. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a general term for a class of non-spore forming, gram-positive bacteria whose main product of fermented sugar is lactic acid. LAB are considered to be a type of probiotic due to their health-promoting effects on the host, and are very effective in the treatment of human and animal diseases. LAB have been widely used as a class of microbial agents in the field of livestock and poultry breeding. They are also considered to be the best substitutes for antibiotics to improve animal health. Here, we review the biological functions, probiotic characteristics and applications of LAB in livestock and poultry breeding. This review is designed to provide a theoretical base for the in-depth exploration and promotion of LAB use in animal diets.
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28
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Peng D, Wen Y, Bi S, Huang C, Yang J, Guo Z, Huang W, Zhu J, Yu R, Song L. A new GlcNAc-containing polysaccharide from Morchella importuna fruiting bodies: Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1134-1149. [PMID: 34656541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the purification and characterization of a new immunomodulatory GlcNAc-containing polysaccharide (MIPB70-1) from Morchella importuna with molecular weights of 20.6 kDa. Structural analysis indicated that MIPB70-1 was composed of GlcNAc:Gal:Glc:Man with molar ratios of 1.00:7.16:5.54:5.61, and its primary structure was characterized as a repeating unit consisting of →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→, α-D-Galp-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →2,3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→. Immunological assays indicated that MIPB70-1 enhanced the phagocytic function and promoted the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) as well as cytokines through targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on macrophage membrane and activating the downstream signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. MIPB70-1 regulated mouse immunity to counteract the immune damage caused by the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (CTX) in vivo. Furthermore, MIPB70-1 enhanced the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX) and inhibited the growth of tumors, by immunomodulation in the orthotopic murine model of 4T1 breast cancer. These results demonstrate the potential of this GlcNAc-containing polysaccharide as an immune enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yao Wen
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sixue Bi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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29
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Wang Y, Shen C, Huo K, Cai D, Zhao G. Antioxidant activity of yeast mannans and their growth-promoting effect on Lactobacillus strains. Food Funct 2021; 12:10423-10431. [PMID: 34596192 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Yeast mannans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (123.2 kDa, 40.5 kDa and 21.3 kDa) were prepared. The scavenging abilities of Fe2+, OH˙, and O2˙- and protective capacities against lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage increased with the reduction of the molecular weights of yeast mannans. The highest scavenging abilities of Fe2+, OH˙ and O2˙- (25.32%, 70.8%, and 61.5%) were observed with YM-90, and it showed an anti-lipid peroxidation capacity of 65.82%, which was much stronger than that of vitamin C (VC), with a thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) inhibition rate of 80.41%. However, the highest DPPH scavenging rate (88.7%) was exhibited by YM-30. In addition, the growth-promoting effect of yeast mannans on Lactobacillus strains was further confirmed, and a 54.2% increment of Lactobacillus plantarum ZWR5 cell viability was achieved by YM-90. The results indicated the potential industrial applications of this yeast mannan technology in therapeutic and nutraceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Fermentation Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, PR China.
| | - Chongyu Shen
- Fermentation Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, PR China.
| | - Kai Huo
- Fermentation Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, PR China.
| | - Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Fermentation Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, PR China.
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30
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Akhtach S, Tabia Z, Bricha M, Belkhou R, Mabrouk KE. Investigation on exopolysaccharide production by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus P14 isolated from Moroccan raw cow's milk. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4840-4850. [PMID: 34642967 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four strains were isolated from 50 samples of raw cow's milk originated from different regions of Morocco. After different screening methods, one strain was selected as the highest exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing isolate and was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus P14. Moreover, the EPS-producing ability, bacterial growth, and pH of the medium were monitored. The optimization of culture conditions indicated that the high yield of EPS was 685.14 mg/L obtained at 42°C, with lactose as a carbon source. The characterization study showed that the purified EPS consisted of one main fraction that contained 97.67% of carbohydrates. Furthermore, the EPS was identified as a homogeneous polysaccharide, mainly composed of glucose. These results demonstrated the high EPS production ability of the selected L. rhamnosus P14, representing a promising candidate to improve the textural and sensory properties of fermented food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihame Akhtach
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), High School of Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Atlas Fez, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Tabia
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meriem Bricha
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rajae Belkhou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), High School of Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Atlas Fez, Morocco
| | - Khalil El Mabrouk
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco
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31
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Petrova P, Arsov A, Ivanov I, Tsigoriyna L, Petrov K. New Exopolysaccharides Produced by Bacillus licheniformis 24 Display Substrate-Dependent Content and Antioxidant Activity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102127. [PMID: 34683448 PMCID: PMC8540526 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is a soil bacterium with many industrial applications. In addition to enzymes, platform chemicals, antibiotics and phytohormones, the species produces exopolysaccharides (EPSs) of various biological activities. This study revealed that Bulgarian isolate B. licheniformis 24 produced EPSs consisting of galactose, glucose and mannose with substrate-dependent ratio. From glucose, B. licheniformis 24 secreted EPS1, consisting of 54% galactose, 39% glucose and 7% mannose. From fructose, the strain formed EPS2, containing 51% glucose, 30% mannose and 19% galactose. Batch cultivation in flasks yielded 2.2–2.6 g/L EPS1 and 1.90–2.11 g/L EPS2. Four to five times higher yields of EPS were obtained from both substrates during batch and fed-batch processes in a fermenter at 37.8 °C, pH 6.2 and aeration 3.68 vvm. The batch process with 200 g/L of starting substrates received 9.64 g/L EPS1 and 6.29 g/L EPS2, reaching maximum values at the 33rd and 24th h, respectively. Fed-batch fermentation resulted in the highest yields, 12.61 g/L EPS1 and 7.03 g/L EPS2. In all processes, EPSs were produced only in the exponential growth phase. Both EPSs exhibited antioxidant activity, but EPS2 was much more potent in this regard, reaching 811 μM Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (versus 135 μM for EPS1). EPS1 displayed antibacterial activity against a non-O1 strain of Vibrio cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.A.); (I.I.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Alexander Arsov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Lidia Tsigoriyna
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (K.P.)
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32
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Choi IS, Ko SH, Lee ME, Kim HM, Yang JE, Jeong SG, Lee KH, Chang JY, Kim JC, Park HW. Production, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of an Exopolysaccharide Extracted from Spent Media Wastewater after Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim32 Fermentation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8171-8178. [PMID: 33817476 PMCID: PMC8014919 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are important alternatives to plant polysaccharides in fermented products and exhibit antioxidant activity, which is particularly desirable for functional foods. This study evaluated the use of spent media wastewater (SMW) derived from kimchi fermentation for the production of an EPS and analyzed the characterization and antioxidant activity of the resulting EPS. The EPS concentration and conversion yields of sequential purification were 7.7-9.0 g/L and 38.6-45.1%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectra and NMR spectra indicated that the EPS was a linear glucan with α-(1 → 6) linkages. The EPS also exhibited thermal tolerance to high temperatures. In vitro antioxidant activity analyses indicated the scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, thiobarbituric acid reactance (TBAR), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values of 71.6-79.1, 28.2-33.0%, and 0.04-0.05 mM FeCl3, respectively. These results reveal that the EPS extracted from SMW has potential as a thermally tolerant, nontoxic, and natural antioxidant for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Seong Choi
- Advanced
Process Technology Fermentation Research Group, R&D Division,
World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Public
CMO for Microbial—Based Vaccine, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Ko
- Advanced
Process Technology Fermentation Research Group, R&D Division,
World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Public
CMO for Microbial—Based Vaccine, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo Eun Lee
- Advanced
Process Technology Fermentation Research Group, R&D Division,
World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Myeong Kim
- Advanced
Process Technology Fermentation Research Group, R&D Division,
World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yang
- Advanced
Process Technology Fermentation Research Group, R&D Division,
World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Jeong
- Advanced
Process Technology Fermentation Research Group, R&D Division,
World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Lee
- Center
for Research Facilities, Chonnam National
University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Chang
- Advanced
Process Technology Fermentation Research Group, R&D Division,
World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture,
College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- Advanced
Process Technology Fermentation Research Group, R&D Division,
World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
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33
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Petrova P, Ivanov I, Tsigoriyna L, Valcheva N, Vasileva E, Parvanova-Mancheva T, Arsov A, Petrov K. Traditional Bulgarian Dairy Products: Ethnic Foods with Health Benefits. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030480. [PMID: 33668910 PMCID: PMC7996614 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The reported health effects of fermented dairy foods, which are traditionally manufactured in Bulgaria, are connected with their microbial biodiversity. The screening and development of probiotic starters for dairy products with unique properties are based exclusively on the isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains. This study aims to systematically describe the LAB microbial content of artisanal products such as Bulgarian-type yoghurt, white brined cheese, kashkaval, koumiss, kefir, katak, and the Rhodope's brano mliako. The original technologies for their preparation preserve the valuable microbial content and improve their nutritional and probiotic qualities. This review emphasises the features of LAB starters and the autochthonous microflora, the biochemistry of dairy food production, and the approaches for achieving the fortification of the foods with prebiotics, bioactive peptides (ACE2-inhibitors, bacteriocins, cyclic peptides with antimicrobial activity), immunomodulatory exopolysaccharides, and other metabolites (indol-3-propionic acid, free amino acids, antioxidants, prebiotics) with reported beneficial effects on human health. The link between the microbial content of dairy foods and the healthy human microbiome is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Lidia Tsigoriyna
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (N.V.); (E.V.); (T.P.-M.)
| | - Nadezhda Valcheva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (N.V.); (E.V.); (T.P.-M.)
| | - Evgenia Vasileva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (N.V.); (E.V.); (T.P.-M.)
| | - Tsvetomila Parvanova-Mancheva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (N.V.); (E.V.); (T.P.-M.)
| | - Alexander Arsov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (N.V.); (E.V.); (T.P.-M.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (K.P.)
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34
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Ma'unatin A, Harijono H, Zubaidah E, Rifa'i M. The isolation of exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria from lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) sap. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 12:437-444. [PMID: 33603999 PMCID: PMC7867694 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) is widely grown in Indonesia and one of its products is palm sap. Palm sap contains a high level of sugar, making it suitable as a medium to increase the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) production of exopolysaccharides (EPS). This study aimed to isolate the EPS-producing LAB from palm sap and evaluate its EPS production. LAB isolation was carried out on MRS agar containing 0.5% CaCO3. Materials and Methods: The screening and production of EPS were carried out on MRS media supplemented with 10% sucrose. The molecular identification of the selected EPS-producing LAB was based on 16S rDNA. A quantitative analysis of EPS polymer dry mass and total sugar was conducted using one-way ANOVA. Results: In this study, five EPS-producing LABs were found: Fructobacillus fructosus N4, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N5, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N7, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N9, and Fructobacillus fructosus N10. The highest EPS yield in liquid media was 10.997 ± 1.591 g/L by Leuconostoc mesenteroides N7, whereas the lowest was 4.505 ± 0.459 g/L by Fructobacillus fructosus N10. Conclusion: This study found Fructobacillus fructosus strains as EPS producers that have never been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Ma'unatin
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Harijono Harijono
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Elok Zubaidah
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Department of Biology, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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35
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Extraction and characterization of polysaccharide-enriched fractions from Phoma dimorpha mycelial biomass. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:769-783. [PMID: 33389169 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) were tested as advanced clean methods to obtain polysaccharides from Phoma dimorpha mycelial biomass. These methods were compared to conventional extraction (hot water extraction, HWE) in terms of polysaccharides-enriched fractions (PEF) yield. A central composite rotational design was performed for each extraction method to investigate the influence of independent variables on the yield and to help the selection of the condition with the highest yield using water as an extraction solvent. The best extraction condition of PEF yielded 12.02 wt% and was achieved when using UAE with direct sonication for 30 min under the intensity of 75.11 W/cm2 and pulse factor of 0.57. In the kinetic profiles, the highest yield (15.28 wt%) was obtained at 50 °C under an ultrasound intensity of 75.11 W/cm2 and a pulse factor of 0.93. Structural analysis of extracted polysaccharide was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal property. The water solubility index, water holding capacity, and emulsification index of PEF were 31.3 ± 1.5%, 138.1 ± 3.2%, and 62.9 ± 2.3%, respectively. The submerged fermentation demonstrates the huge potential of Phoma dimorpha to produce polysaccharides with bioemulsifying properties as a biotechnologically cleaner alternative if compared to commercial petroleum-derived compounds. Furthermore, UAE and PHWE are green technologies, which can be operated at an industrial scale for PEF extraction.
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Angelin J, Kavitha M. Exopolysaccharides from probiotic bacteria and their health potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:853-865. [PMID: 32585269 PMCID: PMC7308007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular macromolecules excreted as tightly bound capsule or loosely attached slime layer in microorganisms. They play most prominent role against desiccation, phagocytosis, cell recognition, phage attack, antibiotics or toxic compounds and osmotic stress. In the last few decades, natural polymers have gained much attention among scientific communities owing to their therapeutic potential. In particular the EPS retrieved from probiotic bacteria with varied carbohydrate compositions possess a plenty of beneficial properties. Different probiotic microbes have unique behavior in expressing their capability to display significant health promoting characteristics in the form of polysaccharides. In this new era of alternative medicines, these polysaccharides are considered as substitutes for synthetic drugs. The EPS finds applications in various fields like textiles, cosmetics, bioremediation, food and therapeutics. The present review is focused on sources, chemical composition, biosynthetic pathways of EPS and their biological potential. More attention has been given to the scientific investigations on antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-biofilm, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Angelin
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kavitha
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang J, Fang X, Wu T, Fang L, Liu C, Min W. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of acidic exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus planetarium JLAU103 on RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1308-1315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gan L, Li X, Wang H, Peng B, Tian Y. Structural characterization and functional evaluation of a novel exopolysaccharide from the moderate halophile Gracilibacillus sp. SCU50. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1140-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Barros CP, Guimarães JT, Esmerino EA, Duarte MCKH, Silva MC, Silva R, Ferreira BM, Sant’Ana AS, Freitas MQ, Cruz AG. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics: concepts and potential applications in dairy products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Adebayo-Tayo B, Fashogbon R. In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, in vivo immunomodulatory, antitumor and hematological potential of exopolysaccharide produced by wild type and mutant Lactobacillus delbureckii subsp. bulgaricus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03268. [PMID: 32055727 PMCID: PMC7005431 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological evaluation of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by wild type and mutant Lactobacillus delbureckii (EPSWLD and EPSMLD) was investigated. Varying degrees of functional groups associated with polysaccharides were present thus confirming the EPS. The EPSs had strong antioxidant potential in a dose dependent (0.5–10 mg/mL) manner. EPSWLD and EPSMLD exhibited the highest 1,1-diphemy 1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) activity (73.4 % and 65.6 %), total antioxidant activity (1.80 % and 1.42 %), H2O2 scavenging activity (88.5 % and 78.6 %) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (1.89 % and1.81 %) at 10 mg/mL respectively. WLD and MLD were highly susceptible to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, erythromycin and ceftazidine and resistant to cefuroxime, gentamicin and cloxacillin. The EPSs had antibacterial activity against the test pathogens. B. subtilis and S. aureus had the highest susceptibility (26.0 mm and 23.0 mm). EPSMLD modulate the highest IgG, IgA and IgM production (68–126 mg/dL and 67–98 mg/dL and 64–97 mg/dL) in the treated tumor induced mice (TTIM). EPSWLD and EPSMLD exhibited reduction capability on the CEA level (3.99–4.35 ng/L and 4.12–4.23 ng/L) of the TTIM. EPSWLD TTIM had the highest amount of RBC, WBC and PCV (5.6 × 1012%, 68000% and 42%). The EPS increased the lifespan of TTIM. In conclusion EPSWLD and EPSMLD had strong biological potential with pharmacological and neutraceutical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola Adebayo-Tayo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Racheal Fashogbon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Ayyash M, Abu-Jdayil B, Itsaranuwat P, Galiwango E, Tamiello-Rosa C, Abdullah H, Esposito G, Hunashal Y, Obaid RS, Hamed F. Characterization, bioactivities, and rheological properties of exopolysaccharide produced by novel probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum C70 isolated from camel milk. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:938-946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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42
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Wang Y, Du R, Qiao X, Zhao B, Zhou Z, Han Y. Optimization and characterization of exopolysaccharides with a highly branched structure extracted from Leuconostoc citreum B-2. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Isolation and characterization of dextran produced by Lactobacillus sakei L3 from Hubei sausage. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xu Y, Cui Y, Yue F, Liu L, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria: Structures, physiochemical functions and applications in the food industry. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Li B, Du P, Smith EE, Wang S, Jiao Y, Guo L, Huo G, Liu F. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS1.8701 for the alleviative effect on oxidative stress. Food Funct 2019; 10:1707-1717. [PMID: 30839970 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01920g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Correlations between oxidative stress and degenerative diseases have been gaining increasing attention. A number of studies affirm that exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can alleviate oxidative stress and further prevent the related diseases. In our previous study, Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS1.8701 has been shown to possess high antioxidant capacity in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of EPS produced by L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 on oxidative stress. Firstly, EPS was isolated from the culture of L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 and purified using DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography. Secondly, the antioxidant capacities of EPS fractions were evaluated using in vitro methods. Thirdly, an in vivo study was performed to investigate the possible protective effects of EPS on d-galactose (d-gal)-induced liver damage and gut microbiota disorder. In vitro antioxidant activity results suggested that EPS-1 exhibited strong scavenging properties on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and chelating activity on ferrous ion. In vivo, EPS-1 supplementation significantly attenuated oxidative status such as decreased organic index, liver injury and liver oxidative stress. EPS-1 supplementation shifted the gut microbiota composition to that of the control group. In addition, the analysis of Spearman's rank correlation suggested that the protective effects of EPS correlated with manipulating the gut microbiota composition in d-gal-induced mice. These results implied that EPS-1 supplementation could mitigate hepatic oxidative stress via manipulating the gut microbiota composition and be used as a potential candidate to attenuate oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Bifidobacterium bifidum presents on the cell surface a complex mixture of glucans and galactans with different immunological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 218:269-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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An Acid Up-Regulated Surface Protein of Lactobacillus paracasei Strain GCRL 46 is Phylogenetically Related to the Secreted Glucan- (GpbB) and Immunoglobulin-Binding (SibA) Protein of Pathogenic Streptococci. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071610. [PMID: 30935131 PMCID: PMC6479570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cell wall hydrolases, including amidases and peptidases, play a critical role in peptidoglycan turnover during growth, impacting daughter cell separation, and cell death, through autolysis. When exploring the regulation of protein expression across the growth cycle of an acid-resistant strain of Lactobacillus paracasei, GCRL 46, we observed temporal up-regulation of proteins in the 40⁻45 kDa molecular weight range for whole-cell extracts when culturing in fermenters at a controlled pH of 4.0 versus optimum growth pH of 6.3. Up-regulation of proteins in this size range was not detected in SDS-PAGE gels of the cytosolic fraction, but was routinely detected following growth at low pH in whole cells and cell debris obtained after bead beating and centrifugation, indicating a cell surface location. N-terminal sequencing and in silico analyses showed sequence similarity with proteins in the L. casei group (L. casei, L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus) which were variously annotated as uncharacterized proteins, surface antigens, possible TrsG proteins, CHAP (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolases/peptidases)-domain proteins or putative peptidoglycan d,l-endopeptidase due to the presence of a CwlO domain. This protein is a homologue of the p40 (Msp2) secreted protein of L. rhamnosus LGG, which is linked to probiotic functionality in this species, and is phylogenetically related to structurally-similar proteins found in Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium species, including the glucan-binding (GbpB), surface antigen (SagA) proteins detected in pathogenic group A streptococci species as secreted, immunoglobulin-binding (SibA) proteins (also named PcsB). Three-dimensional (3D) modelling predicted structural similarities in the CHAP proteins from the L. casei group and streptococcal species, indicating retention of overall architecture despite sequence divergence, and an implied retention of function during evolution. A phylogenetically-related hydrolase also contained the CwlO domain with a NLPC_P60 domain, and showed similar overall but distinct architecture to the CHAP proteins. We concluded that the surface-located, CHAP protein in L. casei is up-regulated during long-term exposure to acidic conditions during growth but not during acid shock.
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Optimization of exopolysaccharide production by probiotic yeast Lipomyces starkeyi VIT-MN03 using response surface methodology and its applications. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-1440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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49
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Kansandee W, Moonmangmee D, Moonmangmee S, Itsaranuwat P. Characterization and Bifidobacterium sp. growth stimulation of exopolysaccharide produced by Enterococcus faecalis EJRM152 isolated from human breast milk. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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50
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Maes E, Sadovskaya I, Lévêque M, Elass-Rochard E, Payré B, Grard T, Théodorou V, Guérardel Y, Mercier-Bonin M. Structure and biological activities of a hexosamine-rich cell wall polysaccharide isolated from the probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:39-55. [PMID: 30637506 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-09854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus farciminis CIP 103136 is a bacterial strain with recognized probiotic properties. However, the mechanisms underlying such properties have only been partially elucidated. In this study, we isolated and purified a cell-wall associated polysaccharide (CWPS), and evaluated its biological role in vitro. The structure of CWPS and responses from stimulation of (i) human macrophage-like THP-1 cells, (ii) human embryonal kidney (HEK293) cells stably transfected with Toll-like receptors (TLR2 or TLR4) and (iii) human colonocyte-like T84 intestinal epithelial cells, upon exposure to CWPS were studied. The structure of the purified CWPS from L. farciminis CIP 103136 was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), MALDI-TOF-TOF MS, and methylation analyses in its native form and following Smith degradation. It was shown to be a novel branched polysaccharide, composed of linear backbone of trisaccharide repeating units of: [→6αGlcpNAc1 → 4βManpNAc1 → 4βGlcpNAc1→] highly substituted with single residues of αGlcp, αGalp and αGlcpNAc. Subsequently, the lack of pro- or anti-inflammatory properties of CWPS was established on macrophage-like THP-1 cells. In addition, CWPS failed to modulate cell signaling pathways dependent of TLR2 and TLR4 in transfected HEK-cells. Finally, in T84 cells, CWPS neither influenced intestinal barrier integrity under basal conditions nor prevented TNF-α/IFN-γ cytokine-mediated epithelium impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Maes
- CNRS UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Univ Lille, 59 000, Lille, France
| | - Irina Sadovskaya
- Equipe Biochimie des Produits Aquatiques BPA, Institut Régional Charles Violette EA 7394, USC Anses-ULCO, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Bassin Napoléon, 62327, Boulogne-sur-mer cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Lévêque
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Elass-Rochard
- CNRS UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Univ Lille, 59 000, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Payré
- Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Grard
- Equipe Biochimie des Produits Aquatiques BPA, Institut Régional Charles Violette EA 7394, USC Anses-ULCO, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, Bassin Napoléon, 62327, Boulogne-sur-mer cedex, France
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- CNRS UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Univ Lille, 59 000, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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