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Lee HJ, Park BR, Chewaka LS. A Comparative Study of Composition and Soluble Polysaccharide Content between Brewer's Spent Yeast and Cultured Yeast Cells. Foods 2024; 13:1567. [PMID: 38790867 PMCID: PMC11121356 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast, crucial in beer production, holds great potential owing to its ability to transform into a valuable by-product resource, known as brewer's spent yeast (BSY), with potentially beneficial physiological effects. This study aimed to compare the composition and soluble polysaccharide content of Brewer's spent yeast with those of cultured yeast strains, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and S. boulardii (SB), to facilitate the utilization of BSY as an alternative source of functional polysaccharides. BSY exhibited significantly higher carbohydrate content and lower crude protein content than SC and SB cells. The residues recovered through autolysis were 53.11%, 43.83%, and 44.99% for BSY, SC, and SB, respectively. Notably, the polysaccharide content of the BSY residue (641.90 μg/mg) was higher than that of SC (553.52 μg/mg) and SB (591.56 μg/mg). The yields of alkali-extracted water-soluble polysaccharides were 33.62%, 40.76%, and 42.97% for BSY, SC, and SB, respectively, with BSY comprising a comparable proportion of water-soluble saccharides made with SC and SB, including 49.31% mannan and 20.18% β-glucan. Furthermore, BSY demonstrated antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ABTS, and DPPH scavenging potential, suggesting its ability to mitigate oxidative stress. BSY also exhibited a significantly higher total phenolic compound content, indicating its potential to act as an effective functional food material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Legesse Shiferaw Chewaka
- Department of Agro-Food Resource, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea; (H.J.L.); (B.-R.P.)
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Sousa P, Tavares-Valente D, Pereira CF, Pinto-Ribeiro I, Azevedo-Silva J, Madureira R, Ramos ÓL, Pintado M, Fernandes J, Amorim M. Circular economyeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a sustainable source of glucans and its safety for skincare application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130933. [PMID: 38508554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Glucans, a polysaccharide naturally present in the yeast cell wall that can be obtained from side streams generated during the fermentation process, have gained increasing attention for their potential as a skin ingredient. Therefore, this study focused on the extraction method to isolate and purify water-insoluble glucans from two different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains: an engineered strain obtained from spent yeast in an industrial fermentation process and a wild strain produced through lab-scale fermentation. Two water-insoluble extracts with a high glucose content (> 90 %) were achieved and further subjected to a chemical modification using carboxymethylation to improve their water solubility. All the glucans' extracts, water-insoluble and carboxymethylated, were structurally and chemically characterized, showing almost no differences between both yeast-type strains. To ensure their safety for skin application, a broad safety assessment was undertaken, and no cytotoxic effect, immunomodulatory capacity (IL-6 and IL-8 regulation), genotoxicity, skin sensitization, and impact on the skin microbiota were observed. These findings highlight the potential of glucans derived from spent yeast as a sustainable and safe ingredient for cosmetic and skincare formulations, contributing to the sustainability and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Tavares-Valente
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla F Pereira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Pinto-Ribeiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar L Ramos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Circuncisão AR, Ferreira SS, Silva AMS, Coimbra MA, Cardoso SM. Fucus vesiculosus-Rich Extracts as Potential Functional Food Ingredients: A Holistic Extraction Approach. Foods 2024; 13:540. [PMID: 38397517 PMCID: PMC10888237 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown macroalgae are rich sources of nutrients and health-promoting compounds. Nevertheless, their consumption is still limited by their strong organoleptic characteristics, thus requiring the development of extraction strategies to profit from their nutritional value. To fulfil this, two sequential extraction approaches were developed, differing in the solvent used in the first extraction step, water in approach 1 or food-grade ethanol in approach 2, to obtain economic and affordable extracts rich in specific compounds from Fucus vesiculosus. The use of water in the first step of extraction allowed us to recover water-soluble phlorotannins, laminarans and mannuronic-rich alginates, making the subsequent 70% ethanol extract richest in fucoxanthin (0.07% algae DW), and the hot water fractions purest in fucoidans and alginates with a lower mannuronic-to-guluronic (M/G) ratio (2.91). Conversely, when beginning extraction procedures with 96% ethanol, the recovered yields of phlorotannins increased (0.43 g PGE/100 g algae DW), but there was a concomitant seven-fold decrease in the recovery of fucoxanthin in the subsequent 70% ethanol extract. This approach also led to less pure hot water fractions containing fucoidans, laminarans and alginates with a higher M/G ratio (5.50). Overall, this work unveiled the potential of the first extraction steps in sustainable and holistic cascade strategies to modulate the composition of food-grade extracts, creating prospects of their application as tailored functional ingredients in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.C.); (S.S.F.); (A.M.S.S.); (M.A.C.)
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Bzducha-Wróbel A, Farkaš P, Bieliková S, Čížová A, Sujkowska-Rybkowska M. How do the carbon and nitrogen sources affect the synthesis of β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan, its structure and the susceptibility of Candida utilis yeast cells to immunolabelling with β-(1,3)-glucan monoclonal antibodies? Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:28. [PMID: 38243245 PMCID: PMC10799355 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need to limit antibiotic therapy due to the spreading resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to these medicinal substances stimulates research on new therapeutic agents, including the treatment and prevention of animal diseases. This is one of the goals of the European Green Deal and the Farm-To-Fork strategy. Yeast biomass with an appropriate composition and exposure of cell wall polysaccharides could constitute a functional feed additive in precision animal nutrition, naturally stimulating the immune system to fight infections. RESULTS The results of the research carried out in this study showed that the composition of Candida utilis ATCC 9950 yeast biomass differed depending on growth medium, considering especially the content of β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan, α-glucan, and trehalose. The highest β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan content was observed after cultivation in deproteinated potato juice water (DPJW) as a nitrogen source and glycerol as a carbon source. Isolation of the polysaccharide from yeast biomass confirmed the highest yield of β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan after cultivation in indicated medium. The differences in the susceptibility of β-(1,3)-glucan localized in cells to interaction with specific β-(1,3)-glucan antibody was noted depending on the culture conditions. The polymer in cells from the DPJW supplemented with glycerol and galactose were labelled with monoclonal antibodies with highest intensity, interestingly being less susceptible to such an interaction after cell multiplication in medium with glycerol as carbon source and yeast extract plus peptone as a nitrogen source. CONCLUSIONS Obtained results confirmed differences in the structure of the β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan polymers considering side-chain length and branching frequency, as well as in quantity of β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-chains, however, no visible relationship was observed between the structural characteristics of the isolated polymers and its susceptibility to immunolabeling in whole cells. Presumably, other outer surface components and molecules can mask, shield, protect, or hide epitopes from antibodies. β-(1,3)-Glucan was more intensely recognized by monoclonal antibody in cells with lower trehalose and glycogen content. This suggests the need to cultivate yeast biomass under appropriate conditions to fulfil possible therapeutic functions. However, our in vitro findings should be confirmed in further studies using tissue or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C Street, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pavol Farkaš
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Sandra Bieliková
- Department of Glycomaterials, Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alžbeta Čížová
- Department of Glycomaterials, Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska
- Department of Botany, Warsaw, Institute of Biology, University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C Street, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
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Bastos R, Marín-Montesinos I, Ferreira SS, Mentink-Vigier F, Sardo M, Mafra L, Coimbra MA, Coelho E. Covalent connectivity of glycogen in brewer's spent yeast cell walls revealed by enzymatic approaches and dynamic nuclear polarization NMR. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121475. [PMID: 37985041 PMCID: PMC10695155 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Yeast cell walls undergo modifications during the brewing process, leading to a remodelling of their architecture. One significant change is the increased insolubility of the cell wall glycogen pool, likely due to the formation of covalent bonds between glycogen and cell wall polysaccharides. To verify this hypothesis, we extracted the brewer's spent yeast with 4 M KOH, obtaining an insoluble glucan fraction (AE.4 M) primarily composed of (α1 → 4)- and (1 → 3)-linked Glc residues. Dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR of AE.4 M revealed distinct glucan resonances that helped to differentiate between α- and β glucosyl (1 → 4)-linked residues, and confirm covalent linkages between (β1 → 3)-glucans and glycogen through a (β1 → 4)-linkage. The hydrolysis with different endo-glucanases (zymolyase, cellulase, and lichenase) was used to obtain solubilized high molecular weight glycogen fractions. NMR analysis showed that covalent links between glycogen and (β1 → 6)-glucans through (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage, with branching at the C6 position involving (β1 → 3), and (β1 → 6)-glucans. HPAEC-PAD analysis of the enzymatically released oligosaccharides confirmed covalent linkages of (β1 → 3), (β1 → 6)-, and (β1 → 4)-glucan motifs with (α1 → 4)-glucans. This combination of multiple enzymatic approaches and NMR methods shed light into the role of yeast cell wall glycogen as a structural core covalently linked to other cell wall components during the brewing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ildefonso Marín-Montesinos
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia S Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Frédéric Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32310, FL, United States.
| | - Mariana Sardo
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luís Mafra
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Wu Y, Li P, Jiang Z, Sun X, He H, Yan P, Xu Y, Liu Y. Bioinspired yeast-based β-glucan system for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121163. [PMID: 37567689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the preferred route of drug administration for patients, especially those who need long-term medication. Recently, bioinspired drug delivery systems have emerged for the oral delivery of various therapeutics. Among them, the yeast-based β-glucan system is a novel and promising platform, for oral administration that can overcome the biological barriers of the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Remarkably, the yeast-based β-glucan system not only protects the drug through the harsh gastrointestinal environment but also achieves targeted therapeutic effects by specifically recognizing immune cells, especially macrophages. Otherwise, it exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Based on the pleasant characteristics of the yeast-based β-glucan system, they are widely used in various macrophage-related diseases for oral administration. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of yeast-based β-glucan. Subsequently, we further summarized the current preparation methods of yeast-based β-glucan carriers and the strategies for preparing yeast-based β-glucan drug delivery systems. In addition, we focus on discussing the applications of β-glucan drug delivery systems in various diseases. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the β-glucan drug delivery system are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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7
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Reis SF, Fernandes PAR, Martins VJ, Gonçalves S, Ferreira LP, Gaspar VM, Figueira D, Castelo-Branco D, Mano JF, Coimbra MA, Coelho E. Brewer's Spent Yeast Cell Wall Polysaccharides as Vegan and Clean Label Additives for Mayonnaise Formulation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083540. [PMID: 37110775 PMCID: PMC10146781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brewer's spent yeast (BSY) mannoproteins have been reported to possess thickening and emulsifying properties. The commercial interest in yeast mannoproteins might be boosted considering the consolidation of their properties supported by structure/function relationships. This work aimed to attest the use of extracted BSY mannoproteins as a clean label and vegan source of ingredients for the replacement of food additives and protein from animal sources. To achieve this, structure/function relationships were performed by isolating polysaccharides with distinct structural features from BSY, either by using alkaline extraction (mild treatment) or subcritical water extraction (SWE) using microwave technology (hard treatment), and assessment of their emulsifying properties. Alkaline extractions solubilized mostly highly branched mannoproteins (N-linked type; 75%) and glycogen (25%), while SWE solubilized mannoproteins with short mannan chains (O-linked type; 55%) and (1→4)- and (β1→3)-linked glucans, 33 and 12%, respectively. Extracts with high protein content yielded the most stable emulsions obtained by hand shaking, while the extracts composed of short chain mannans and β-glucans yielded the best emulsions by using ultraturrax stirring. β-Glucans and O-linked mannoproteins were found to contribute to emulsion stability by preventing Ostwald ripening. When applied in mayonnaise model emulsions, BSY extracts presented higher stability and yet similar texture properties as the reference emulsifiers. When used in a mayonnaise formulation, the BSY extracts were also able to replace egg yolk and modified starch (E1422) at 1/3 of their concentration. This shows that BSY alkali soluble mannoproteins and subcritical water extracted β-glucans can be used as replacers of animal protein and additives in sauces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia F Reis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro A R Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor J Martins
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara Gonçalves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís P Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo Figueira
- Mendes Gonçalves SA, Zona Industrial, Lote 6, 2154-909 Golegã, Portugal
| | | | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Structure-function relationships of pectic polysaccharides from broccoli by-products with in vitro B lymphocyte stimulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120432. [PMID: 36657866 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To study structure-function relationships of pectic polysaccharides with their immunostimulatory activity, broccoli by-products were used. Pectic polysaccharides composed by 64 mol% uronic acids, 18 mol% Ara, and 10 mol% Gal, obtained by hot water extraction, activated B lymphocytes in vitro (25-250 μg/mL). To disclose active structural features, combinations of ethanol and chromatographic fractionation and modification of the polysaccharides were performed. Polysaccharides insoluble in 80 % ethanol (Et80) showed higher immunostimulatory activity than the pristine mixture, which was independent of molecular weight range (12-400 kDa) and removal of terminal or short Ara side chains. Chemical sulfation did not promote B lymphocyte activation. However, the action of pectin methylesterase and endo-polygalacturonase on hot water extracted polysaccharides produced an acidic fraction with a high immunostimulatory activity. The de-esterified homogalacturonan region seem to be an important core to confer pectic polysaccharides immunostimulatory activity. Therefore, agri-food by-products are a source of pectic polysaccharide functional food ingredients.
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Feasibility of Brewer's Spent Yeast Microcapsules as Targeted Oral Carriers. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020246. [PMID: 36673340 PMCID: PMC9857821 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brewer's spent yeast (BSY) microcapsules have a complex network of cell-wall polysaccharides that are induced by brewing when compared to the baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) microcapsules. These are rich in (β1→3)-glucans and covalently linked to (α1→4)- and (β1→4)-glucans in addition to residual mannoproteins. S. cerevisiae is often used as a drug delivery system due to its immunostimulatory potential conferred by the presence of (β1→3)-glucans. Similarly, BSY microcapsules could also be used in the encapsulation of compounds or drug delivery systems with the advantage of resisting digestion conferred by (β1→4)-glucans and promoting a broader immunomodulatory response. This work aims to study the feasibility of BSY microcapsules that are the result of alkali and subcritical water extraction processes, as oral carriers for food and biomedical applications by (1) evaluating the resistance of BSY microcapsules to in vitro digestion (IVD), (2) their recognition by the human Dectin-1 immune receptor after IVD, and (3) the recognition of IVD-solubilized material by different mammalian immune receptors. IVD digested 44-63% of the material, depending on the extraction process. The non-digested material, despite some visible agglutination and deformation of the microcapsules, preserved their spherical shape and was enriched in (β1→3)-glucans. These microcapsules were all recognized by the human Dectin-1 immune receptor. The digested material was differentially recognized by a variety of lectins of the immune system related to (β1→3)-glucans, glycogen, and mannans. These results show the potential of BSY microcapsules to be used as oral carriers for food and biomedical applications.
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Reis SF, Messias S, Bastos R, Martins VJ, Correia VG, Pinheiro BA, Silva LM, Palma AS, Coimbra MA, Coelho E. Structural differences on cell wall polysaccharides of brewer's spent Saccharomyces and microarray binding profiles with immune receptors. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kurek MA, Majek M, Onopiuk A, Szpicer A, Napiórkowska A, Samborska K. Encapsulation of anthocyanins from chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) with plazmolyzed yeast cells of different species. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Lin B, Huang G. An important polysaccharide from fermentum. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100388. [PMID: 36211774 PMCID: PMC9532711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction, structure and modification of polysaccharides from fermentum were summarized. Structure-activity relationship and application of polysaccharides from fermentum were reviewed. It provided a strong basis for the development and application of polysaccharides from fermentum.
Fermentum is a common unicellular fungus with many biological activities attributed to β-polysaccharides. Different in vivo and in vivo experimental studies have long proven that fermentum β-polysaccharides have antioxidant, anti-tumor, and fungal toxin adsorption properties. However, there are many uncertainties regarding the relationship between the structure and biological activity of fermentum β-polysaccharides, and a systematic summary of fermentum β-polysaccharides is still lacking. Herein, we reviewed the research progress about the extraction, structure and modification, structure–activity relationship, activity and application of fermentum β-polysaccharides, compared the extraction methods of fermentum β-polysaccharide, and paid special attention to the structure–activity relationship and application of fermentum β-polysaccharide, which provided a strong basis for the development and application of fermentum β-polysaccharide.
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13
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β-Glucan-Functionalized Nanoparticles Down-Modulate the Proinflammatory Response of Mononuclear Phagocytes Challenged with Candida albicans. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142475. [PMID: 35889700 PMCID: PMC9317568 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Systemic fungal infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and Candida albicans is the most common causative agent. Recognition of yeast cells by immune cell surface receptors can trigger phagocytosis of fungal pathogens and a pro-inflammatory response that may contribute to fungal elimination. Nevertheless, the elicited inflammatory response may be deleterious to the host by causing excessive tissue damage. We developed a nanoparticle-based approach to modulate the host deleterious inflammatory consequences of fungal infection by using β1,3-glucan-functionalized polystyrene (β-Glc-PS) nanoparticles. β-Glc-PS nanoparticles decreased the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-12p40 detected in in vitro culture supernatants of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophage challenged with C. albicans cells. Moreover, β-Glc-PS nanoparticles impaired the production of reactive oxygen species by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells incubated with C. albicans. This immunomodulatory effect was dependent on the nanoparticle size. Overall, β-Glc-PS nanoparticles reduced the proinflammatory response elicited by fungal cells in mononuclear phagocytes, setting the basis for a targeted therapy aimed at protecting the host by lowering the inflammatory cost of infection.
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14
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Olivares-Galván S, Marina M, García M. Extraction of valuable compounds from brewing residues: Malt rootlets, spent hops, and spent yeast. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Food Ingredients Derived from Lemongrass Byproduct Hydrodistillation: Essential Oil, Hydrolate, and Decoction. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082493. [PMID: 35458694 PMCID: PMC9028273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oil (EO), hydrolate, and nondistilled aqueous phase (decoction) obtained from the hydrodistillation of lemongrass byproducts were studied in terms of their potential as food ingredients under a circular economy. The EO (0.21%, dry weight basis) was composed mainly of monoterpenoids (61%), the majority being citral (1.09 g/kg). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of lemongrass EO against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus, were 617, 1550, and 250 μg/mL, respectively. This effect was dependent on the citral content. Particularly for Gram-negative bacteria, a synergism between citral and the remaining EO compounds enhanced the antimicrobial activity. The polymeric material obtained from the nondistilled aqueous phase was composed of phenolic compounds (25% gallic acid equivalents) and carbohydrates (22%), mainly glucose (66 mol%). This polymeric material showed high antioxidant activity due to bound phenolic compounds, allowing its application as a functional dietary fiber ingredient. Matcha green tea formulations were successfully mixed with lemongrass hydrolate containing 0.21% EO (dry weight basis) with 58% of monoterpenoids, being citral at 0.73 g/kg, minimizing matcha astringency with a citrus flavor and extending the product shelf life. This holistic approach to essential oils’ hydrodistillation of Cymbopogon citratus byproducts allows for valorizing of the essential oil, hydrolate, and decoction for use as food ingredients.
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Hamed M, Coelho E, Bastos R, Evtuguin DV, Ferreira SS, Lima T, Vilanova M, Sila A, Coimbra MA, Bougatef A. Isolation and identification of an arabinogalactan extracted from pistachio external hull: Assessment of immunostimulatory activity. Food Chem 2022; 373:131416. [PMID: 34717082 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the extraction and purification of a novel arabinogalactan from pistachio external hull. It was extracted with a simple method from pistachio hull which is considered as unexploited waste. Based on the results of sugar analysis by GC-FID, glycosidic linkage by GC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and molecular weight by Size Exclusion Chromatography, pistachio hull water soluble polysaccharides (PHWSP) were identified as a type II arabinogalactan (AG), with characteristic terminally linked α-Araf, (α1 → 5)-Araf, (α1 → 3,5)-Araf, terminally linked β-Galp, (β1 → 6)-Galp, and (β1 → 3,6)-Galp. DEPT-135, HSQC, HMBC and COSY NMR data suggested the presence of (β1 → 3)-Galp mainly branched at O-6 with (β1 → 6)-Galp chains, α-Araf chains, and terminally linked α-Araf. These AG from pistachio external hulls showed in vitro stimulatory activity for B cells, suggesting their possible use as an immunological stimulant in nutraceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Hamed
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia S Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de CiênciasBiomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Assaad Sila
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa University, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ali Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
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17
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Pineapple Waste Cell Wall Sugar Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Second Generation Bioethanol Production. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural food waste is rich in cellulosic and non-cellulosic fermentable substance. In this study, we investigated the bioconversion of pineapple waste cell wall sugars into bioethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 4126. Soluble and insoluble cell wall sugars were investigated during the fermentation process. Moreover, the fermentation medium was investigated for protein, moisture, ash, lignin and glycerol determinations with a particular focus on the increase in single cell protein due to yeast growth, allowing a total valorization of the resulting fermentation medium, with no further waste production, with respect to environmental sustainability. Soluble and insoluble sugars in the starting material were 32.12% and 26.33% respectively. The main insoluble sugars resulting from the cell wall hydrolysis detected at the beginning of the fermentation, were glucose, xylose and uronic acid. Glucose and mannose were the most prevalent sugars in the soluble sugars fraction. The ethanol theoretical yield, calculated according to dry matter lost, reached up to 85% (3.9% EtOH). The final fermentation substrate was mainly represented by pentose sugars. The protein content increased from 4.45% up to 20.1% during the process.
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18
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Abstract
Today, food valorization represents an important challenge to environmental sustainability. Food waste can be used as a substrate for single cell protein production suitable for animal feed. In this study, animal and agricultural food waste, represented by fish, pineapple, banana, apple, and citrus peels, have been used simultaneously as a fermentation substrate for single cell protein production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to evaluate the possibility of using a multi complex substrate for a simultaneous biovalorization of different food waste. The fermentation process was implemented by the supplementation of a hydrolytic enzyme and nutrient to allow the best yeast growing conditions. At the end of the process, the final substrate was enriched in protein, reaching up to 40.19% of protein, making the multisubstrate useful for animal feed. The substrate was also investigated for crude lipid, ash, lignin, soluble and insoluble sugar. The substrate composition at the end of the fermentation process was represented by 14.46% of crude lipid, 1.08% ash, 6.29% lignin. Conversely, the soluble and insoluble sugars dropped down from 20.5% to 6.10% and 19.15% to 2.14%, respectively, at the end of the process.
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19
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Bastos R, Oliveira PG, Gaspar VM, Mano JF, Coimbra MA, Coelho E. Brewer's yeast polysaccharides - A review of their exquisite structural features and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118826. [PMID: 34893243 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances on brewer's yeast cell wall polysaccharides have unraveled exquisite structural features and diverse composition with (β1→3), (β1→6), (α1→4), (β1→4)-mix-linked glucans that are recognized to interact with different cell receptors and trigger specific biological responses. Herein, a comprehensive showcase of structure-biofunctional relationships between yeast polysaccharides and their biological targets is highlighted, with a focus on polysaccharide features that govern the biomedical activity. The insolubility of β-glucans is a crucial factor for binding and activation of Dectin-1 receptor, operating as adjuvants of immune responses. Contrarily, soluble low molecular weight β-glucans have a strong inhibition of reactive oxygen species production, acting as antagonists of Dectin-1 mediated signaling. Soluble glucan-protein moieties can also act as antitumoral agents. The balance between mannoproteins-TLR2 and β-glucans-Dectin-1 receptors-activation is crucial for osteogenesis. Biomedical applications value can also be obtained from yeast microcapsules as oral delivery systems, where highly branched (β1→6)-glucans lead to higher receptor affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia G Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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20
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Suteu D, Blaga AC, Zaharia C, Cimpoesu R, Puițel AC, Tataru-Farmus RE, Tanasă AM. Polysaccharides Used in Biosorbents Preparation for Organic Dyes Retaining from Aqueous Media. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030588. [PMID: 35160577 PMCID: PMC8839637 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers can themselves be efficient as materials with biosorptive properties but can also be used to transform microbial biomass into an easy-to-handle form, respectively, into biosorbents, through immobilization. The article aims to study biosorbents based on residual microbial biomass (Saccharomyces pastorianus yeast, separated after the brewing process by centrifugation and dried at 80 °C) immobilized in sodium alginate. The biosorptive properties of this type of biosorbent (spherical particles 2 and 4 mm in diameter) were studied for removal of reactive dye Brilliant Red HE-3B (with concentration in range of 16.88–174.08 mg/L) from aqueous media. The paper aims at three aspects: (i) the physico-chemical characterization of the biosorbent (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra); (ii) the modeling of biosorption data in order to calculate the quantitative characteristic parameters using three equilibrium isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich—DR); and (iii) the evaluation of thermal effect and the possible mechanism of action. The results of the study showed that biosorption capacity evaluated by Langmuir (I) model is 222.22 mg/g (ϕ = 2 mm) and 151.51 mg/g (ϕ = 4 mm) at 30 °C, and the free energy of biosorption (E) is in the range of 8.45–13.608 KJ/mol (from the DR equation). The values of thermodynamic parameters suggested an exothermic process due the negative value of free Gibbs energy (ΔG0 = −9.031 kJ/mol till −3.776 kJ/mol) and enthalpy (about ΔH0 = −87.795 KJ/mol). The obtained results underline our finding that the immobilization in sodium alginate of the residual microbial biomass of Saccharomyces pastorianus led to an efficient biosorbent useful in static operating system in the case of effluents with moderate concentrations of organic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Suteu
- Department of Organic, Biochemical and Food Engineering, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron Blvd., No. 73A, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Cristina Blaga
- Department of Organic, Biochemical and Food Engineering, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron Blvd., No. 73A, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Zaharia
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron Blvd., No. 73A, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ramona Cimpoesu
- Department of Materials Science, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron Blvd., No. 73A, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Cătălin Puițel
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron Blvd., No. 73A, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ramona-Elena Tataru-Farmus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi D. Mangeron Blvd., No. 73A, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maria Tanasă
- Department of Organic, Biochemical and Food Engineering, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron Blvd., No. 73A, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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21
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Composites Based on Natural Polymers and Microbial Biomass for Biosorption of Brilliant Red HE-3B Reactive Dye from Aqueous Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244314. [PMID: 34960864 PMCID: PMC8706509 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have proven to be extremely interesting matrices for the immobilization of microbial biomasses, via various mechanisms, in order to bring them into a form easier to handle—the form of composites. This article aimed to study composites based on a residual microbial biomass immobilized in sodium alginate via an encapsulation technique as materials with adsorbent properties. Thus, this study focused on the residual biomass resulting from beer production (Saccharomyces pastorianus yeast, separated after the biosynthesis process by centrifugation and dried at 80 °C)—an important source of valuable compounds, used either as a raw material or for transformation into final products with added value. Thus, the biosorptive potential of this type of composite was tested—presenting in the form of spherical microcapsules 900 and 1500 μm in diameter—in a biosorption process applied to aqueous solutions containing the reactive dye Brilliant Red HE-3B (16.88–174.08 mg/L), studied in a batch system. The preparation and characterization of the obtained polymeric composites (pHPZC, SEM, EDS and FTIR spectra) and an analysis of different equilibrium isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich—D–R) were investigated in order to estimate the quantitative characteristic parameters of the biosorption process, its thermal effects, and its possible mechanisms of action. The modelling of the experimental data led to the conclusion that the studied biosorption process took place after reaching the Langmuir isotherm (LI), and that the main mechanism was possibly physical, being spontaneous and probably exothermic according to the values obtained for the free energy of biosorption (E = 8.45–13.608 kJ/mol, from the DR equation), as well as the negative values for the Gibbs free energy and the enthalpy of biosorption (ΔH0 = −87.795 kJ/mol). The results obtained lead to the conclusion that encapsulation of this residual microbial biomass in sodium alginate leads to an easier-to-handle form of biomass, thus being an efficient biosorbent for static or dynamic operating systems for effluents containing moderate concentrations of reactive organic dyes.
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22
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Rivas MÁ, Casquete R, Córdoba MDG, Ruíz-Moyano S, Benito MJ, Pérez-Nevado F, Martín A. Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Dietary Fibre Concentrates from Winemaking By-Products: Skins, Stems and Lees. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071510. [PMID: 34209134 PMCID: PMC8303576 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate, from a technological and nutritional point of view, the chemical composition and functional properties of the industrial winemaking by-products, namely skins, stems and lees. The chemical and physical characteristics, as well as the functional properties (fat and water retention and swelling capacity, antioxidant capacity, and their prebiotic effect), of the dietary fibre of these by-products were studied. The results showed that the skins, stems, and lees are rich in fibre, with the stem fibre containing the highest amounts of non-extractable polyphenols attached to polysaccharides with high antioxidant activity and prebiotic effect. Lee fibre had the highest water retention capacity and oil retention capacity. The results reveal that winemaking by-products could be used as a source of dietary fibre with functional characteristics for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Rivas
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.Á.R.); (M.d.G.C.); (S.R.-M.); (M.J.B.); (F.P.-N.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Avd. de la Investigación, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Rocío Casquete
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.Á.R.); (M.d.G.C.); (S.R.-M.); (M.J.B.); (F.P.-N.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Avd. de la Investigación, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924289300 (ext. 86228)
| | - María de Guía Córdoba
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.Á.R.); (M.d.G.C.); (S.R.-M.); (M.J.B.); (F.P.-N.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Avd. de la Investigación, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Santiago Ruíz-Moyano
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.Á.R.); (M.d.G.C.); (S.R.-M.); (M.J.B.); (F.P.-N.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Avd. de la Investigación, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María José Benito
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.Á.R.); (M.d.G.C.); (S.R.-M.); (M.J.B.); (F.P.-N.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Avd. de la Investigación, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Nevado
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.Á.R.); (M.d.G.C.); (S.R.-M.); (M.J.B.); (F.P.-N.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Avd. de la Investigación, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alberto Martín
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avd. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.Á.R.); (M.d.G.C.); (S.R.-M.); (M.J.B.); (F.P.-N.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Avd. de la Investigación, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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23
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Reis SF, Coelho E, Evtuguin DV, Coimbra MA, Lopes P, Cabral M, Mateus N, Freitas V. Migration of Tannins and Pectic Polysaccharides from Natural Cork Stoppers to the Hydroalcoholic Solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14230-14242. [PMID: 33215920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins, condensed tannins, and pectic-derived polysaccharides were removed from natural cork stoppers using hydroalcoholic solution. Two main populations of migrated compounds were determined; the major one with molecular weight (MW) between 0.2 and 1 kDa and the second with 2.1 kDa and polydispersity of 1.3. Two residual populations mainly composed of condensed tannins were also observed between 2.5 and 4.5 kDa and higher than 15 kDa. Simple, C-glycosidic, complex, and oligomeric ellagitannins were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS). Ellagitannins linked to condensed tannins and some pectic-derived polysaccharides were also tentatively identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS). This preliminary work opens an opportunity for the cork stoppers industry due to the relevance of this type of compounds on the astringency and bitterness of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia F Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO-Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Lopes
- Amorim & Irmãos S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 830, 4536-904 Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal
| | - Miguel Cabral
- Amorim & Irmãos S.A, Rua dos Corticeiros, 830, 4536-904 Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Oliveira C, Pinto J, Coelho E, Silva H, Coimbra MA, Pereira MDL. Sarcocornia perennis pectic polysaccharides orally administered to mice: Holistic histological evaluation of xenobiotic protection. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:150-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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In vitro digestibility and fermentability of fructo-oligosaccharides produced by Aspergillus ibericus. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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26
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Ferreira SS, Passos CP, Cardoso SM, Wessel DF, Coimbra MA. Microwave assisted dehydration of broccoli by-products and simultaneous extraction of bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2018; 246:386-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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27
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Gonçalves FJ, Fernandes PA, Wessel DF, Cardoso SM, Rocha SM, Coimbra MA. Interaction of wine mannoproteins and arabinogalactans with anthocyanins. Food Chem 2018; 243:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Morais ES, Mendonça PV, Coelho JFJ, Freire MG, Freire CS, Coutinho JAP, Silvestre AJD. Deep Eutectic Solvent Aqueous Solutions as Efficient Media for the Solubilization of Hardwood Xylans. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:753-762. [PMID: 29345423 PMCID: PMC6191028 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work contributes to the development of integrated lignocellulosic-based biorefineries by the pioneering exploitation of hardwood xylans by solubilization and extraction in deep eutectic solvents (DES). DES formed by choline chloride and urea or acetic acid were initially evaluated as solvents for commercial xylan as a model compound. The effects of temperature, molar ratio, and concentration of the DES aqueous solutions were evaluated and optimized by using a response surface methodology. The results obtained demonstrated the potential of these solvents, with 328.23 g L-1 of xylan solubilization using 66.7 wt % DES in water at 80 °C. Furthermore, xylans could be recovered by precipitation from the DES aqueous media in yields above 90 %. The detailed characterization of the xylans recovered after solubilization in aqueous DES demonstrated that 4-O-methyl groups were eliminated from the 4-O-methylglucuronic acids moieties and uronic acids (15 %) were cleaved from the xylan backbone during this process. The similar Mw values of both pristine and recovered xylans confirmed the success of the reported procedure. DES recovery in four additional extraction cycles was also demonstrated. Finally, the successful extraction of xylans from Eucalyptus globulus wood by using aqueous solutions of DES was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda S. Morais
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V. Mendonça
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carmen S.R. Freire
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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Impact of Glucose Concentration and NaCl Osmotic Stress on Yeast Cell Wall β-d-Glucan Formation during Anaerobic Fermentation Process. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation3030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Leão DP, Franca AS, Oliveira LS, Bastos R, Coimbra MA. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and proanthocyanidin content of flours prepared from pequi (Caryocar brasilense Camb.) fruit by-products. Food Chem 2017; 225:146-153. [PMID: 28193408 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential of pequi by-products as substrates for the production of flours rich in antioxidant dietary fibers was evaluated. Dietary fiber contents ranged from 39.8 to 43.3g/100g with pectic polysaccharide fraction constituted of rhamnogalacturonans and hemicellulose fraction consisted of arabinogalactans, xylans and glucomannans. Total polyphenols, non-extractable proanthocyanidins (NEPA) and carotenoid contents of the flours were determined (respectively, 15.5-17.4g GAE/100g, 215.54-346.84mg/100g and 2116.52-3499.03μg/100g). The antioxidant capacities of pequi by-product flours (986.94-1154.42μM TE/g ABTS; 44.43-48.02g/g DPPH; and 3027.31-3216.27μmol Fe2SO4/g FRAP) were found to be exceptionally higher than those of fruits and fruits by-products reported in the literature. Exocarp removal promoted no significant changes in the technological properties of the flour, except for color. Results showed promising prospects for future exploitation of pequi peel as a potential source of dietary fiber and natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Leão
- PPGCA/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Adriana S Franca
- DEMEC/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Leandro S Oliveira
- DEMEC/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rita Bastos
- QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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31
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Varelas V, Liouni M, Calokerinos AC, Nerantzis ET. An evaluation study of different methods for the production of β-D-glucan from yeast biomass. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:46-55. [PMID: 26190751 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucan is a proven beneficial and valuable molecule for human and animal health systems. It can be incorporated as an ingredient in various functional foods and beverages. β-Glucan has been isolated from various biological sources, fungi, mushrooms, algae, plants, and bacteria. The yeast cell wall comprises a suitable target for the extraction and purification of β-glucan. Although there are various extraction techniques, significant differences are observed as the technique used affects the final yield and purity, molecular weight, biological activity, solubility, quality, and other biological and functional properties of the extracted β-glucan. The aim of this review is the evaluation of different extraction methods for the production of β-glucan from yeast biomass. Furthermore, the use of industrial spent yeast waste from breweries and the wine industry for biotechnological β-glucan production and the concept of green wineries and breweries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassileios Varelas
- University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Greece Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Zografou, 157 71, Greece
| | - Maria Liouni
- University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Greece Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Zografou, 157 71, Greece
| | - Antony C Calokerinos
- University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Zografou, 157 71, Greece
| | - Elias T Nerantzis
- TEI of Athens, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Oenology and Beverage Technology, Laboratory of Biotechnology & Industrial Fermentations, Agiou Spiridonos, Egaleo, 122 10, Athens, Greece
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