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Jin H, Wen J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Sui X. Synthesis and characterization of ion-induced sodium alginate/soy protein isolate microgels for the controlled release. Food Chem 2024; 452:139588. [PMID: 38754168 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, sodium alginate/ soy protein isolate (SPI) microgels cross-linked by various divalent cations including Cu2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ were fabricated. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy observations revealed distinctive structural variations among the microgels. In the context of gastric pH conditions, the degree of shrinkage of the microgels followed the sequence of Ca2+ > Ba2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+. Meanwhile, under intestinal pH conditions, the degree of swelling was ranked as Zn2+ > Ca2+ > Ba2+ > Cu2+. The impact of these variations was investigated through in vitro digestion studies, revealing that all microgels successfully delayed the release of β-carotene within the stomach. Within the simulated intestinal fluid, the microgel cross-linked with Zn2+ exhibited an initial burst release, while those cross-linked with Cu2+, Ba2+, or Ca2+ displayed a sustained release pattern. This research underscores the potential of sodium alginate/SPI microgels cross-linked with different divalent cations as efficient controlled-release delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Jin
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiaonan Sui
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Qin S, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhou J, Bai Y, Ma G. Metal Ion-Containing Hydrogels: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3217-3248. [PMID: 38237033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel, as a unique scaffold material, features a three-dimensional network system that provides conducive conditions for the growth of cells and tissues in bone tissue engineering (BTE). In recent years, it has been discovered that metal ion-containing hybridized hydrogels, synthesized with metal particles as the foundation, exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, osteoinductivity, and osteogenic potential. They offer a wide range of research prospects in the field of BTE. This review provides an overview of the current state and recent advancements in research concerning metal ion-containing hydrogels in the field of BTE. Within materials science, it covers topics such as the binding mechanisms of metal ions within hydrogel networks, the types and fabrication methods of various metal ion-containing hydrogels, and the influence of metal ions on the properties of hydrogels. In the context of BTE, the review delves into the osteogenic mechanisms of various metal ions, the applications of metal ion-containing hydrogels in BTE, and relevant experimental studies in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, future improvements in bone repair can be anticipated through advancements in bone bionics, exploring interactions between metal ions and the development of a wider range of metal ions and hydrogel types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengao Qin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Niu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150020, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- Department of VIP Dental Service, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Bai
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Guowu Ma
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated School of Stomatology of Dalian Medical University, No. 397 Huangpu Road, Shahekou District, Dalian 116086, P. R. China
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Silva LDS, Vila Nova BG, Sousa CEMD, Silva RG, Carvalho LRDS, Silva ISS, Moreira PHDA, Cardenas AFM, Monteiro CDA, Tofanello A, Garcia W, Teixeira CS, Nascimento da Silva LC. Fabrication and characterization of physically crosslinked alginate/chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with neomycin for the treatment of skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132577. [PMID: 38795887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen widely involved in wound infection due to its ability to release several virulence factors that impair the skin healing process, as well as its mechanism of drug resistance. Herein, sodium alginate and chitosan were combined to produce a hydrogel for topical delivery of neomycin to combat S. aureus associated with skin complications. The hydrogel was formulated by combining sodium alginate (50 mg/mL) and chitosan (50 mg/mL) solutions in a ratio of 9:1 (HBase). Neomycin was added to HBase to achieve a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL (HNeo). The incorporation of neomycin into the product was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and TGA analysis. The hydrogels produced are homogeneous, have a high swelling capacity, and show biocompatibility using erythrocytes and fibroblasts as models. The formulations showed physicochemical and pharmacological stability for 60 days at 4 ± 2 °C. HNeo totally inhibited the growth of S. aureus after 4 h. The antimicrobial effects were confirmed using ex vivo (porcine skin) and in vivo (murine) wound infection models. Furthermore, the HNeo-treated mice showed lower severity scores than those treated with HBase. Taken together, the obtained results present a new low-cost bioproduct with promising applications in treating infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gomes Vila Nova
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Guedes Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina de Andrade Monteiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Estudo em Microbiologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Aryane Tofanello
- Center for Advanced Graphene, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research (MackGraphe), Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, SP, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanius Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, SP, Brazil
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Hajfathalian M, Mossburg KJ, Radaic A, Woo KE, Jonnalagadda P, Kapila Y, Bollyky PL, Cormode DP. A review of recent advances in the use of complex metal nanostructures for biomedical applications from diagnosis to treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1959. [PMID: 38711134 PMCID: PMC11114100 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Complex metal nanostructures represent an exceptional category of materials characterized by distinct morphologies and physicochemical properties. Nanostructures with shape anisotropies, such as nanorods, nanostars, nanocages, and nanoprisms, are particularly appealing due to their tunable surface plasmon resonances, controllable surface chemistries, and effective targeting capabilities. These complex nanostructures can absorb light in the near-infrared, enabling noteworthy applications in nanomedicine, molecular imaging, and biology. The engineering of targeting abilities through surface modifications involving ligands, antibodies, peptides, and other agents potentiates their effects. Recent years have witnessed the development of innovative structures with diverse compositions, expanding their applications in biomedicine. These applications encompass targeted imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, near-infrared II imaging, catalytic therapy, photothermal therapy, and cancer treatment. This review seeks to provide the nanomedicine community with a thorough and informative overview of the evolving landscape of complex metal nanoparticle research, with a specific emphasis on their roles in imaging, cancer therapy, infectious diseases, and biofilm treatment. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajfathalian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Katherine J. Mossburg
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Allan Radaic
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Katherine E. Woo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Pallavi Jonnalagadda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - David P. Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania
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Vinceković M, Jurić S, Vlahoviček-Kahlina K, Martinko K, Šegota S, Marijan M, Krčelić A, Svečnjak L, Majdak M, Nemet I, Rončević S, Rezić I. Novel Zinc/Silver Ions-Loaded Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4359. [PMID: 38006083 PMCID: PMC10674643 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Addressing the growing need for environmentally friendly fungicides in agriculture, this study explored the potential of biopolymer microparticles loaded with metal ions as a novel approach to combat fungal pathogens. Novel alginate microspheres and chitosan/alginate microcapsules loaded with zinc or with zinc and silver ions were prepared and characterized (microparticle size, morphology, topography, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and swelling behavior). Investigation of molecular interactions in microparticles using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy exhibited complex interactions between all constituents. Fitting to the simple Korsmeyer-Peppas empirical model revealed the rate-controlling mechanism of metal ions release from microparticles is Fickian diffusion. Lower values of the release constant k imply a slower release rate of Zn2+ or Ag+ ions from microcapsules compared to that of microspheres. The antimicrobial potential of the new formulations against the fungus Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. When subjected to tests against the fungus, microspheres exhibited superior antifungal activity especially those loaded with both zinc and silver ions, reducing fungal growth up to 98.9% and altering the hyphal structures. Due to the slower release of metal ions, the microcapsule formulations seem suitable for plant protection throughout the growing season. The results showed the potential of these novel microparticles as powerful fungicides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Vinceković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (K.V.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Slaven Jurić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (K.V.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Kristina Vlahoviček-Kahlina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (K.V.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Katarina Martinko
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Suzana Šegota
- Laboratory for Biocolloids and Surface Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marijan Marijan
- Department of Quality Control, The Institute of Immunology, Rockefellerova 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Krčelić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (K.V.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Lidija Svečnjak
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mislav Majdak
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Textile Technology, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Nemet
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanda Rončević
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Iva Rezić
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Textile Technology, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Saparbayeva A, Lee J, Hlaing SP, Kim J, Kwak D, Kim H, Lee EH, Hwang S, Kim MS, Moon HR, Jung Y, Yoo JW. Ionically bridged dexamethasone sodium phosphate-zinc-PLGA nanocomplex in alginate microgel for the local treatment of ulcerative colitis. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:646-658. [PMID: 37537405 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems comprising nanoparticles and microparticles have emerged as promising tools for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) because they minimize side effects and maximize the local drug concentration. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) is a potent anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used for the treatment of UC. However, it remains a rather short-term treatment option owing to its side effects. In the present study, we developed the alginate gel encapsulating ionically bridged DSP-zinc-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocomplex (DZP-NCs-in-microgel) for the oral local treatment of UC. The successful encapsulation of DSP-zinc-PLGA nanocomplex (DZP-NCs) in alginate microgel was confirmed by SEM imaging. The prepared gel released DZP-NCs in the stimulated intestinal fluid and dampened the release of DSP in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, DZP-NCs-in-microgel alleviated colonic inflammation in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by relieving clinical symptoms and histological marks. Our results suggest a novel approach for the oral colon-targeted delivery of dexamethasone sodium phosphate for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruzhan Saparbayeva
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Shwe Phyu Hlaing
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Ha JH, Lim JH, Lee JM, Chung BG. Electro-Responsive Conductive Blended Hydrogel Patch. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2608. [PMID: 37376253 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The proposed electro-responsive hydrogel has great benefit for transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) applications. To improve the physical or chemical properties of hydrogels, a number of researchers have previously studied the mixing efficiencies of the blended hydrogels. However, few studies have focused on improving the electrical conductivity and drug delivery of the hydrogels. We developed a conductive blended hydrogel by mixing alginate with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and silver nanowire (AgNW). We demonstrated that and the tensile strength of blended hydrogels were increased by a factor of 1.8 by blending GelMA and the electrical conductivity was enhanced by a factor of 18 by the addition of AgNW. Furthermore, the GelMA-alginate-AgNW (Gel-Alg-AgNW) blended hydrogel patch enabled on-off controllable drug release, indicating 57% doxorubicin release in response to electrical stimulation (ES) application. Therefore, this electro-responsive blended hydrogel patch could be useful for smart drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Lim
- Research Center, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Division of Chemical Industry, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Smart Biosensor, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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Pan X, Ou M, Lu Y, Nie Q, Dai X, Liu O. Immunomodulatory zinc-based materials for tissue regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213503. [PMID: 37331243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc(Zn)-based materials have contributed greatly to the rapid advancements in tissue engineering. The qualities they possess that make them so beneficial include their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, anti-bacterial activity, among and several others. Biomedical materials that act as a foreign body, will inevitably cause host immune response when introduced to the human body. As the osteoimmunology develops, the immunomodulatory characteristics of biomaterials have become an appealing concept to improve implant-tissue interaction and tissue restoration. Recently, Zn-based materials have also displayed immunomodulatory functions, especially macrophage polarization states. It can promote the transformation of M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages to enhance the tissue regeneration and reconstruction. This review covers mainly Zn-based materials and their characteristics, including metallic Zn alloys and Zn ceramics. We highlight the current advancements in the type of immune responses, as well as the mechanisms, that are induced by Zn-based biomaterials, most importantly the regulation of innate immunity and the mechanism of promoting tissue regeneration. To this end, we discuss their applications in biomedicine, and conclude with an outlook on future research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Pan
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Mingning Ou
- Xiangya Hospital & Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yixuan Lu
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Qian Nie
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Xiaohan Dai
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China.
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China.
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Tan J, Luo Y, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Liao X, Li D, Lai X, Liu Y. Development of alginate-based hydrogels: Crosslinking strategies and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124275. [PMID: 37011751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharide-based hydrogels have drawn much concern in the biomedical fields. Among them, alginate, a natural polyanionic polysaccharide, has become one of the research hotspots, because of its abundant source, biodegradability, biocompatibility, solubility, modification flexibility, and other characteristics or physiological functions. Recently, through adopting various physical or chemical crosslinking strategies, selecting suitable crosslinking or modification reagents, precisely controlling the reaction conditions, or introducing organic or inorganic functional materials, a variety of alginate-based hydrogels with excellent performance have been continuously developed, considerably expanding the breadth and depth of their applications. Here, various crosslinking strategies in the preparation of alginate-based hydrogels are comprehensively introduced. The representative application progress of alginate-based hydrogels in drug carrier, wound dressing and tissue engineering is also summarized. Meanwhile, the application prospects, challenges and development trends of alginate-based hydrogels are discussed. It is expected to provide guidance and reference for the further development of alginate-based hydrogels.
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Ishfaq B, Khan IU, Khalid SH, Asghar S. Design and evaluation of sodium alginate-based hydrogel dressings containing Betula utilis extract for cutaneous wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1042077. [PMID: 36777244 PMCID: PMC9909831 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1042077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional wound dressings have a limited capacity to absorb exudates, are permeable to microbes, and may adhere to wounds, which leads to secondary injuries. Hydrogels are promising alternative dressings to overcome the above challenges. In this study, we developed sodium alginate-based hydrogel films loaded with Betula utilis bark extract. These films were prepared via solvent-casting crosslinking method and evaluated for wound healing activity. Prepared films were 0.05-0.083 mm thick, flexible with folding endurance ranging from 197-203 folds, which indicates good physical properties. Optimized formulations exhibited successful loading of extract in the film matrix without any interaction as confirmed by FTIR. Maximum zone of inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was achieved by optimum formulation (B6), i.e., 19 mm and 9 mm, respectively, with > 90% scavenging activity. Furthermore, this optimum formulation (B6) was able to achieve 93% wound contraction in rats. Histograms of the optimized formulation treated group also revealed complete reepithelization of wounds. Conclusively, our extract-loaded hydrogel dressing successfully demonstrated its potential for cutaneous wound healing.
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11
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Sami NM, Elsayed AA, Ali MMS, Metwally SS. Ni-alginate hydrogel beads for establishing breakthrough curves of lead ions removal from aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80716-80726. [PMID: 35729383 PMCID: PMC9596549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The scientific impact of this work is the protection of the environment from hazardous pollutants using a column technique. Besides its higher stability at working pH and its time persisting, Ni-alginate has a higher ability to remove lead ions compared to the other prepared beads (Sr-alginate, Co-alginate, and Ca-alginate). Also, Ni-alginate possessed a higher removal percent, 93.3%, toward Pb2+ than the other ions, taking the sorption order of Pb2+ > Sr2+ > Co2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+. Therefore, this study focused on using Ni-alginate as a selective sorbent for lead ions. Fixed-bed column was employed for the sorption process. The results for that efficiency are presented as breakthrough curves in view of the impact of various parameters; influent flow rate (1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mL/min), lead concentration (100, 150, and 200 mg/L), and bed depth of sorbent (3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 cm). Breakthrough modeling including Thomas and Yan models was employed. The outcomes indicated that Thomas theory is more applicable. The overall outcomes indicated that Ni-alginate is recommended for selective removal of Pb2+ from waste solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen M Sami
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - A A Elsayed
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - M M S Ali
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Sayed S Metwally
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
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12
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Utrera-Barrios S, Ricciardi O, González S, Verdejo R, López-Manchado MÁ, Hernández Santana M. Development of Sustainable, Mechanically Strong, and Self-Healing Bio-Thermoplastic Elastomers Reinforced with Alginates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214607. [PMID: 36365601 PMCID: PMC9653809 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New bio-thermoplastic elastomer composites with self-healing capacities based on epoxidized natural rubber and polycaprolactone blends reinforced with alginates were developed. This group of salts act as natural reinforcing fillers, increasing the tensile strength of the unfilled rubber from 5.6 MPa to 11.5 MPa without affecting the elongation at break (~1000% strain). In addition, the presence of ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds between the components provides the material with a thermally assisted self-healing capacity, as it is able to restore its catastrophic damages and recover diverse mechanical properties up to ~100%. With the results of this research, an important and definitive step is planned toward the circularity of elastomeric materials.
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13
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Zinc insulin hexamer loaded alginate zinc hydrogel: preparation, characterization and in vivo hypoglycemic ability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:173-181. [PMID: 36087882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alginate zinc hydrogel loaded with zinc insulin hexamer was prepared and characterized for oral insulin administration. The hydrogel was fabricated by dripping zinc insulin hexamer into sodium alginate solution and followed by crosslinking by zinc chloride. SEM image reveals the zinc insulin hexamer was integrated into the matrix of hydrogel. Zinc insulin hexamer loaded hydrogel shows no obvious cytotoxicity to both HT29 and Caco-2 cells. The developed hydrogel retards the burst release of insulin in simulated gastric fluid but promotes the release when in simulated intestinal fluid. In the diabetic mice, zinc insulin hexamer loaded alginate hydrogel demonstrates significant and prolonged hypoglycemic effect.
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14
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Alginate-based nanocarriers for the delivery and controlled-release of bioactive compounds. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 307:102744. [PMID: 35878506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alginate-based nanocarriers are propitious vehicles used for the delivery of bioactive compounds (bioactives). In this area, calcium alginate and sodium alginate are the most promising wall materials because they are nontoxic, comparatively cheap, simple in production, biocompatible and biodegradable. In this review, we have highlighted different alginate-based nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanoemulsions, nanocomplexes, and nanohydrogels; also entrapment of different bioactives within alginate nanocarriers and their bioavailability in the gastric environment has been comprehensively discussed. Being biopolymers, alginates can be exploited as emulsifiers/ encapsulants for entrapment and delivery of different bioactives such as vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, peptides, essential oils, bioactive oils, polyphenols and carotenoids. Furthermore, the use of alginate-based nanocarriers in combination with other polysaccharides/ emulsifiers was recognized as the most effective and favorable approach for the protection, delivery and sustained release of bioactives.
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15
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Moeini A, Pedram P, Fattahi E, Cerruti P, Santagata G. Edible Polymers and Secondary Bioactive Compounds for Food Packaging Applications: Antimicrobial, Mechanical, and Gas Barrier Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2395. [PMID: 35745971 PMCID: PMC9229000 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible polymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids are biodegradable and biocompatible materials applied as a thin layer to the surface of food or inside the package. They enhance food quality by prolonging its shelf-life and avoiding the deterioration phenomena caused by oxidation, humidity, and microbial activity. In order to improve the biopolymer performance, antimicrobial agents and plasticizers are also included in the formulation of the main compounds utilized for edible coating packages. Secondary natural compounds (SC) are molecules not essential for growth produced by some plants, fungi, and microorganisms. SC derived from plants and fungi have attracted much attention in the food packaging industry because of their natural antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and their effect on the biofilm's mechanical properties. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities inhibit pathogenic microorganism growth and protect food from oxidation. Furthermore, based on the biopolymer and SC used in the formulation, their specific mass ratio, the peculiar physical interaction occurring between their functional groups, and the experimental procedure adopted for edible coating preparation, the final properties as mechanical resistance and gas barrier properties can be opportunely modulated. This review summarizes the investigations on the antimicrobial, mechanical, and barrier properties of the secondary natural compounds employed in edible biopolymer-based systems used for food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Moeini
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (P.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Parisa Pedram
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (P.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Ehsan Fattahi
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (P.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (P.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriella Santagata
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (P.C.); (G.S.)
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16
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Hurtado A, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM, Serrano-Aroca Á. Alginate: Enhancement Strategies for Advanced Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4486. [PMID: 35562876 PMCID: PMC9102972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate is an excellent biodegradable and renewable material that is already used for a broad range of industrial applications, including advanced fields, such as biomedicine and bioengineering, due to its excellent biodegradable and biocompatible properties. This biopolymer can be produced from brown algae or a microorganism culture. This review presents the principles, chemical structures, gelation properties, chemical interactions, production, sterilization, purification, types, and alginate-based hydrogels developed so far. We present all of the advanced strategies used to remarkably enhance this biopolymer's physicochemical and biological characteristics in various forms, such as injectable gels, fibers, films, hydrogels, and scaffolds. Thus, we present here all of the material engineering enhancement approaches achieved so far in this biopolymer in terms of mechanical reinforcement, thermal and electrical performance, wettability, water sorption and diffusion, antimicrobial activity, in vivo and in vitro biological behavior, including toxicity, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, immunological response, biodegradation, porosity, and its use as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. These improvements to overcome the drawbacks of the alginate biopolymer could exponentially increase the significant number of alginate applications that go from the paper industry to the bioprinting of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Hurtado
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK;
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
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17
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Laurano R, Boffito M, Ciardelli G, Chiono V. Wound Dressing Products: a Translational Investigation from the Bench to the Market. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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18
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3D printed bio polymeric materials as a new perspective for wound dressing and skin tissue engineering applications: a review. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Sattayapanich K, Chaiwat W, Boonmark S, Bureekaew S, Sutthasupa S. Alginate-based hydrogels embedded with ZnO nanoparticles as highly responsive colorimetric oxygen indicators. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04164b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple fabrication of hydrogel-based colorimetric oxygen indicators as alternative smart materials for oxygen sensitive products and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodchakorn Sattayapanich
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Weerawut Chaiwat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sininart Boonmark
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Sareeya Bureekaew
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Sutthira Sutthasupa
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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20
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Mayer S, Tallawi M, De Luca I, Calarco A, Reinhardt N, Gray LA, Drechsler K, Moeini A, Germann N. Antimicrobial and physicochemical characterization of 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose-based wound dressings systems. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118506. [PMID: 34420752 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biobased and biodegradable films were prepared by physically mixing 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) with two other biopolymers, zein and gelatin, in three different proportions. The antimicrobial activities of the composite blends against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria increase with the increase of DAC content. Cell viability tests on mammalian cells showed that the materials were not cytotoxic. In addition, DAC and gelatin were able to promote thermal degradation of the blends. However, DAC increased the stiffness and decreased the glass transition temperature of the blends, while gelatin was able to decrease the stiffness of the film. Morphological analysis showed the effect of DAC on the surface smoothness of the blends. The contact angle confirmed that all blends were within the range of hydrophilic materials. Although all the blends showed impressive performance for wound dressing application, the blend with gelatin might be more suitable for this purpose due to its better mechanical performance and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mayer
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marwa Tallawi
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ilenia De Luca
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Calarco
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nikita Reinhardt
- Chair of Carbon Composites, Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Technical University of Munich, 85478 Garching, Germany
| | - Luciano Avila Gray
- Chair of Carbon Composites, Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Technical University of Munich, 85478 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Drechsler
- Chair of Carbon Composites, Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Technical University of Munich, 85478 Garching, Germany
| | - Arash Moeini
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Natalie Germann
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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21
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Zheng Z, Qi J, Hu L, Ouyang D, Wang H, Sun Q, Lin L, You L, Tang B. A cannabidiol-containing alginate based hydrogel as novel multifunctional wound dressing for promoting wound healing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Willson K, Atala A, Yoo JJ. Bioprinting Au Natural: The Biologics of Bioinks. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1593. [PMID: 34827591 PMCID: PMC8615908 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of appropriate bioinks is a complex task, dependent on the mechanical and biochemical requirements of the final construct and the type of printer used for fabrication. The two most common tissue printers are micro-extrusion and digital light projection printers. Here we briefly discuss the required characteristics of a bioink for each of these printing processes. However, physical printing is only a short window in the lifespan of a printed construct-the system must support and facilitate cellular development after it is printed. To that end, we provide a broad overview of some of the biological molecules currently used as bioinks. Each molecule has advantages for specific tissues/cells, and potential disadvantages are discussed, along with examples of their current use in the field. Notably, it is stressed that active researchers are trending towards the use of composite bioinks. Utilizing the strengths from multiple materials is highlighted as a key component of bioink development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA; (K.W.); (A.A.)
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23
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Wang TL, Zhou ZF, Liu JF, Hou XD, Zhou Z, Dai YL, Hou ZY, Chen F, Zheng LP. Donut-like MOFs of copper/nicotinic acid and composite hydrogels with superior bioactivity for rh-bFGF delivering and skin wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:275. [PMID: 34503490 PMCID: PMC8427876 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin injury and the resultant defects are common clinical problems, and usually lead to chronic skin ulcers and even life-threatening diseases. Copper, an essential trace element of human body, has been reported to promote the regeneration of skin by stimulating proliferation of endothelial cell and enhance angiogenesis. Results Herein, we have prepared a new donut-like metal–organic frameworks (MOF) of copper-nicotinic acid (CuNA) by a simple solvothermal reaction. The rough surface of CuNA is beneficial for loading/release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The CuNAs with/without bFGF are easily processed into a light-responsive composite hydrogel with GelMA, which not only show excellent mechanical properties, but also display superior biocompatibility, antibacterial ability and bioactivity. Moreover, in the in vivo full-thickness defect model of skin wound, the resultant CuNA-bFGF@GelMA hydrogels significantly accelerate the wound healing, by simultaneously inhibiting the inflammatory response, promoting the new blood vessels formation and the deposition of collagen and elastic fibers. Conclusions Considering the superior biocompatibility, antibacterial ability and bioactivity, the CuNA and its composite light-responsive hydrogel system will be promising in the applications of skin and even other tissue regeneration. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01014-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Fei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Trauma Emergency Center, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jun-Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Lu Dai
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China.
| | - Long-Po Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Trauma Emergency Center, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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24
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Serrano-Aroca Á, Ferrandis-Montesinos M, Wang R. Antiviral Properties of Alginate-Based Biomaterials: Promising Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5897-5907. [PMID: 35006918 PMCID: PMC8291135 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it essential to explore alternative antiviral materials. Alginate is a biodegradable, renewable, biocompatible, water-soluble and antiviral biopolymer with many potential biomedical applications. In this regard, this review shows 17 types of viruses that have been tested in contact with alginate and its related biomaterials. Most of these studies show that alginate-based materials possess little or no toxicity and are able to inhibit a wide variety of viruses affecting different organisms: in humans by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, the hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, Sindbis virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, poliovirus type 1, rabies virus, rubella virus, and the influenza virus; in mice by the murine norovirus; in bacteria by the T4 coliphage, and in plants by the tobacco mosaic virus and the potato virus X. Many of these are enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, like SARS-CoV-2, which render alginate-based materials highly promising in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de
Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad
Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro
94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Ferrandis-Montesinos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Universidad
Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante,
Spain
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese
Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of
Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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25
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Bhattacharjee B, Ghosh S, Patra D, Haldar J. Advancements in release-active antimicrobial biomaterials: A journey from release to relief. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1745. [PMID: 34374498 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Escalating medical expenses due to infectious diseases are causing huge socioeconomic pressure on mankind globally. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has further aggravated this problem. Drug-resistant pathogens are also capable of forming thick biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces to thrive in a harsh environment. To address these clinical problems, various strategies including antibacterial agent delivering matrices and bactericidal coatings strategies have been developed. In this review, we have discussed various types of polymeric vehicles such as hydrogels, sponges/cryogels, microgels, nanogels, and meshes, which are commonly used to deliver antibiotics, metal nanoparticles, and biocides. Compositions of these polymeric matrices have been elaborately depicted by elucidating their chemical interactions and potential activity have been discussed. On the other hand, various implant/device-surface coating strategies which exploit the release-active mechanism of bacterial killing are discussed in elaboration. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinta Bhattacharjee
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreyan Ghosh
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dipanjana Patra
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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26
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Farias YB, Coutinho AK, Tupuna‐Yerovi DS, Rios ADO. Incorporation of norbixin in biodegradable alginate films crosslinked with Ca
2+
: Pro‐oxidant action. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Buratto Farias
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Diego Santiago Tupuna‐Yerovi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Agroindustrial Engineering Department Pontifícia Universidad Católica del Ecuador – Sede Manabí Portoviejo Ecuador
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27
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Pavelková M, Vysloužil J, Kubová K, Pavloková S, Molinková D, Celer V, Pechová A, Mašek J, Vetchý D. Assessment of Antimicrobic, Antivirotic and Cytotoxic Potential of Alginate Beads Cross-Linked by Bivalent Ions for Vaginal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020165. [PMID: 33513747 PMCID: PMC7910877 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial agent abuse poses a serious threat for future pharmacotherapy, including vaginal administration. The solution can be found in simple polymeric systems with inherent antimicrobial properties without the need to incorporate drugs, for instance alginate beads cross-linked by bivalent ions. The main goal of the presented study was to provide improvement on the well-documented cytotoxicity of Cu2+ cross-linked alginate. Alginate beads were prepared by external ionotropic gelation by cross-linking with Cu2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions, separately and in mixtures. Morphological properties, swelling capacity, ion release and efficacy against the most common vaginal pathogens (C. albicans, E. coli, E. faecalis and virus strain—human herpesvirus type 1) were evaluated. The prepared particles (particle size 1455.68 ± 18.71–1756.31 ± 16.58 µm) had very good sphericity (0.86 ± 0.04–0.97 ± 0.06). In mixture samples, Cu2+ hampered second ion loading, and was also released incompletely (18.75–44.8%) compared to the single ion Cu2+ sample (71.4%). Efficacy against the selected pathogens was confirmed in almost all samples. Although anticipating otherwise, ion mixture samples did not show betterment over a Cu2+ cross-linked sample in cytotoxicity–pathogen efficacy relation. However, the desired improvement was found in a single ion Zn2+ sample whose minimal inhibition concentrations against the pathogens (0.6–6.12 mM) were close to, or in the same mathematical order as, its toxic concentration of 50 (1.891 mM). In summary, these findings combined with alginate’s biocompatibility and biodegradability give the combination solid potential in antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Pavelková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.)
| | - Jakub Vysloužil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-541-562-869
| | - Kateřina Kubová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.)
| | - Sylvie Pavloková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.)
| | - Dobromila Molinková
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Vladimír Celer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Alena Pechová
- Department of Animal Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - David Vetchý
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.)
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Felz S, Kleikamp H, Zlopasa J, van Loosdrecht MC, Lin Y. Impact of metal ions on structural EPS hydrogels from aerobic granular sludge. Biofilm 2020; 2:100011. [PMID: 33447798 PMCID: PMC7798472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural extracellular polymeric substances (structural EPS) can form stable hydrogels and are considered to be responsible for the stability of biofilms and aerobic granular sludge. Structural EPS were extracted from aerobic granular sludge and characterized for their gel-forming capacity with different alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The structural EPS hydrogels were compared to alginate hydrogels. Alginate is a well characterized polymer which is able to form stiff hydrogels with multivalent ions. The stiffness of the obtained hydrogels was measured with dynamic mechanical analysis and quantified by the Young's modulus. Furthermore the stability of structural EPS hydrogels towards disintegration in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was evaluated at pH 4.5-10.5 and compared to that of alginate, polygalacturonic acid and κ-carrageenan. The stiffness of alginate hydrogels was multiple times higher than that of structural EPS. Alkaline earth metals resulted in stiffer alginate hydrogels than transition metals. For structural EPS this trend was opposite to alginate. Independent of the pH, polysaccharide hydrogels were quickly disintegrated when being exposed to EDTA. Structural EPS hydrogels demonstrated greater stability towards EDTA and were still intact after one month at pH 4.5-8.5. It is suggested that the gelling mechanism of structural EPS is not only related to metal ion complexation of the polymers, but to a combination of interactions of multiple functional groups present in structural EPS. This study helps to further understand and characterize structural EPS from aerobic granular sludge, and therewith understand its stability and that of biofilms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Felz
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Kleikamp
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jure Zlopasa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
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Priyanka, Kumar A. Smart soft supramolecular hybrid hydrogels modulated by Zn 2+/Ag NPs with unique multifunctional properties and applications. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15095-15108. [PMID: 33107505 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01886d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of low molecular weight molecule-mediated biocompatible soft supramolecular hydrogels, considered to be next-generation materials for biomedical applications, is a challenging task. In this context, the present work reports the synthesis of the hybrid hydrogel (CISZ2H) comprising ternary nanohybrids (Zn2+-Ag NPs@β-FeOOH@5'-CMP), consisting of greener components as a building block with hydrophobic tail (containing Zn2+ ions, Ag NPs, and β-FeOOH) and hydrophilic head (5'-cytidine monophosphate (5'-CMP)). The presence of Zn2+ ions and Ag NPs in the nanohybrids introduces new coordination sites and induces the puckering of the ribose sugar in 5'-CMP to generate the solid-like network in the self-assembly via micellar formation involving building blocks. Extensive cross-linking among organic and inorganic moieties provide these hydrogels with unique physicochemical features of improved mechanical strength (∼71 000 Pa), large water retention capability (600%), self-healing, and injectability as arrived at by thixotropic measurements, low toxicity, and enhanced drug/dye loading capabilities. Thus, the co-doped Zn2+ ions and Ag NPs in CISZ2H impart it with enhanced mechanical stability, shear thinning, external stimuli-responsiveness (pH and temperature), sustained slow drug release, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity, and antibacterial features, thereby making this hydrogel safer for drug delivery, wound healing, sensing, and tissue engineering. The excellent features of the as-synthesized hydrogels make it a smart soft material for advanced applications with enormous future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, India.
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, India.
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Silva J, Vanat P, Marques-da-Silva D, Rodrigues JR, Lagoa R. Metal alginates for polyphenol delivery systems: Studies on crosslinking ions and easy-to-use patches for release of protective flavonoids in skin. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:447-457. [PMID: 32280834 PMCID: PMC7139165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of bioactive natural compounds like polyphenols is an attractive approach for enhanced functionalities of biomaterials. In particular flavonoids have important pharmacological activities, and controlled release systems may be instrumental to realize the full potential of these phytochemicals. Alginate presents interesting attributes for dermal and other biomaterial applications, and studies were carried here to support the development of polyphenol-loaded alginate systems. Studies of capillary viscosity indicated that ionic medium is an effective strategy to modulate the polyelectrolyte effect and viscosity properties of alginates. On gelation, considerable differences were observed between alginate gels produced with Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Zn2+ as crosslinkers, especially concerning shrinkage and morphological regularity. Stability assays with different polyphenols in the presence of alginate-gelling cations pointed to the choice of calcium, barium and zinc as safer crosslinkers. Alginate-based films loaded with epicatechin were prepared and the kinetics of release of the flavonoid investigated. The results with calcium, barium and zinc alginate matrices indicated that the release dynamics is dependent on film thicknesses, but also on the crosslinking metal used. On these grounds, an alginate-based system of convenient use was devised, so that flavonoids can be easily loaded at simple point-of-care conditions before dermal application. This epicatechin-loaded patch was tested on an ex-vivo skin model and demonstrated capacity to deliver therapeutically relevant concentrations on skin surface. Moreover, the flavonoid released was not modified and retained full antioxidant bioactivity. The alginate-based system proposed offers a multifunctional approach for flavonoid controllable delivery and protection of skin injured or under risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Silva
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal
| | - Pavlo Vanat
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal
| | | | - Joaquim Rui Rodrigues
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado LSRE-LCM, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal
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Nazarnezhada S, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi G, Samadian H, Khaksari M, Ghatar JM, Khastar H, Rezaei N, Mousavi SR, Shirian S, Salehi M. Alginate hydrogel containing hydrogen sulfide as the functional wound dressing material: In vitro and in vivo study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3323-3331. [PMID: 32888985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Functional and bioactive wound dressing materials are revolutionary for wound care and healing applications. In this concept, we fabricated alginate hydrogel (Alg) containing H2S as the wound dressing materials and assessed the morphology, swelling, degradation, and release behavior, as well as the biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and wound healing activity. The results depicted that the prepared hydrogels have a porous structure with the pore size in the range of 50 to 100 μm. Swelling and degradation studies showed that the hydrogel absorbed water about 179 ± 5% of initial dry weight during 96 h and loos about 80% of the initial dry weight after 7 days. The in vitro assessments illustrated that the optimum concentration of H2S was 0.5% and the higher concentration induced hemolysis and cell toxicity. The in vivo study revealed that the treatment by Alg/H2S 0.5% induced the highest wound closure percent with a value of 98 ± 1.22%. Moreover, the treatment by Alg/H2S 0.5% elicited the formation of sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and complete epithelization without any fibroplasia or inflammation, revealed by the histopathological observations. Accordingly, these results illustrated that the prepared Alg/H2S 0.5% could be applied as the functional and bioactive wound dressing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Nazarnezhada
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghasem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Jila Majidi Ghatar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Khastar
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Nariman Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mousavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 6416547815, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Alginate hydrogels for bone tissue engineering, from injectables to bioprinting: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhang M, Chen S, Zhong L, Wang B, Wang H, Hong F. Zn2+-loaded TOBC nanofiber-reinforced biomimetic calcium alginate hydrogel for antibacterial wound dressing. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:235-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Raman S, Keil C, Dieringer P, Hübner C, Bueno A, Gurikov P, Nissen J, Holtkamp M, Karst U, Haase H, Smirnova I. Alginate aerogels carrying calcium, zinc and silver cations for wound care: Fabrication and metal detection. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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35
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A Novel Inherently Flame-Retardant Composite Based on Zinc Alginate/Nano-Cu 2O. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101575. [PMID: 31569681 PMCID: PMC6835664 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel flame-retardant composite material based on zinc alginate (ZnAlg) and nano-cuprous oxide (Cu2O) was prepared through a simple, eco-friendly freeze-drying process and a sol-gel method. The composites were characterized and their combustion and flammability behavior were tested. The composites had high thermal stability and achieved nearly non-flammability with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 58. The results show remarkable improvement of flame-retardant properties in the ZnAlg/Cu2O composites, compared to ZnAlg. Furthermore, the pyrolysis behavior was determined by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and the flame-retardant mechanism was proposed based on the combined experimental results. The prepared composites show promising application prospects in building materials and the textile industry.
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36
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Iskandar L, Rojo L, Di Silvio L, Deb S. The effect of chelation of sodium alginate with osteogenic ions, calcium, zinc, and strontium. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:573-584. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328219861904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilis Iskandar
- King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, London, UK
| | - Luis Rojo
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, London, UK
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, London, UK
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An injectable, degradable hydrogel plug for tracheal occlusion in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:430-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Huang Y, Shi F, Wang L, Yang Y, Khan BM, Cheong KL, Liu Y. Preparation and evaluation of Bletilla striata polysaccharide/carboxymethyl chitosan/Carbomer 940 hydrogel for wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:729-737. [PMID: 30940589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at developing an effective, safe and economic hydrogel, with wound healing ability, by making use of polysaccharides. Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) and the bioactive natural polymers, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), were physically blended with Carbomer 940 (CBM940) in order to promote gel-forming and improve water retention. FT-IR displayed hydrogen bonding between CBM940 and CMC played a role in physical gel formation. XRD showed broad and weak intensity peak of Bsp/CMC/CBM940 hydrogel. SEM, rheological measurement and water loss test revealed that the best hydrogel with optimum characteristics in relation to porous structure, elastic property and water retention could be obtained by mixing Bsp, CMC and CBM940 in a ratio of 4:1:1. In vitro studies proved that the Bsp/CMC/CBM940 hydrogel possessed blood compatibility. M293T cells viability was over 85% via MTT assay which revealed non-cytotoxicity. Hydroxyl radical scavenging property highly improved while Bsp combined with CMC. The full-thickness wound experiment illustrated 71.64 ± 6.64% and 83.80 ± 5.56% wound healing rates for Bsp4:CMC1:CBM9401 hydrogel on Day 7 and Day 14, respectively, which showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in comparison to the positive control. Histological observation expressed epithelization, dense collagen fiber and neovascular formation in hydrogel group on Day 14. Bsp/CMC/CBM940 hydrogel can, hence, serve as an attractive candidate for healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Fulin Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Liming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Yu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Bilal Muhammad Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.
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39
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Frígols B, Martí M, Salesa B, Hernández-Oliver C, Aarstad O, Teialeret Ulset AS, Inger Sӕtrom G, Aachmann FL, Serrano-Aroca Á. Graphene oxide in zinc alginate films: Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, zinc release, water sorption/diffusion, wettability and opacity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212819. [PMID: 30845148 PMCID: PMC6405205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is considered an exceptional biomaterial due to its hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity and low-cost in comparison with other biopolymers. We have recently demonstrated that the incorporation of 1% graphene oxide (GO) into alginate films crosslinked with Ca2+ cations provides antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, and no cytotoxicity for human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. However, many other reports in literature have shown controversial results about the toxicity of GO demanding further investigation. Furthermore, the synergic effect of GO with other divalent cations with intrinsic antibacterial and cytotoxic activity such as Zn2+ has not been explored yet. Thus, here, two commercially available sodium alginates were characterised and utilized in the synthesis of zinc alginate films with GO following the same chemical route reported for the calcium alginate/GO composites. The results of this study showed that zinc release, water sorption/diffusion and wettability depended significantly on the type of alginate utilized. Furthermore, Zn2+ and GO produced alginate films with increased water diffusion, wettability and opacity. However, neither the combination of GO with Zn2+ nor the use of different types of sodium alginates modified the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the zinc alginates against these Gram-positive pathogens and human cells respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Frígols
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Martí
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Salesa
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Hernández-Oliver
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olav Aarstad
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Sissel Teialeret Ulset
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerd Inger Sӕtrom
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Finn Lillelund Aachmann
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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Kang JI, Park KM, Park KD. Oxygen-generating alginate hydrogels as a bioactive acellular matrix for facilitating wound healing. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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41
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Catanzano O, Soriente A, La Gatta A, Cammarota M, Ricci G, Fasolino I, Schiraldi C, Ambrosio L, Malinconico M, Laurienzo P, Raucci MG, Gomez d’Ayala G. Macroporous alginate foams crosslinked with strontium for bone tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:72-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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42
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Influence of different divalent ions cross-linking sodium alginate-polyacrylamide hydrogels on antibacterial properties and wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:292-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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43
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Wahid F, Zhou YN, Wang HS, Wan T, Zhong C, Chu LQ. Injectable self-healing carboxymethyl chitosan-zinc supramolecular hydrogels and their antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1233-1239. [PMID: 29634970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Injectable and self-healing hydrogels have found numerous applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering and 3D cell culture. Herein, we report an injectable self-healing carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) supramolecular hydrogels cross-linked by zinc ions (Zn2+). Supramolecular hydrogels were obtained by simple addition of metal ions solution to CMCh solution at an appropriate pH value. The mechanical properties of these hydrogels were adjustable by the concentration of Zn2+. For example, the hydrogel with the highest concentration of Zn2+ (CMCh-Zn4) showed strongest mechanical properties (storage modulus~11,000Pa) while hydrogel with the lowest concentration of Zn2+ (CMCh-Zn1) showed weakest mechanical properties (storage modulus~220Pa). As observed visually and confirmed rheologically, the CMCh-Zn1 hydrogel with the lowest Zn2+ concentration showed thixotropic property. CMCh-Zn1 hydrogel also presented injectable property. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of the prepared supramolecular hydrogels were studied against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by agar well diffusion method. The results revealed Zn2+ dependent antibacterial properties against both kinds of strains. The inhibition zones were ranging from ~11-24mm and ~10-22mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. We believe that the prepared supramolecular hydrogels could be used as a potential candidate in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Wahid
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ya-Ning Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hai-Song Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tong Wan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Li-Qiang Chu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China.
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45
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Dang Q, Liu K, Liu C, Xu T, Yan J, Yan F, Cha D, Zhang Q, Cao Y. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of 3,6-O-N-acetylethylenediamine modified chitosan as potential antimicrobial wound dressing material. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 180:1-12. [PMID: 29103484 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to prepare 3,6-O-N-acetylethylenediamine modified chitosan (AEDMCS) and evaluate its potential use as an antimicrobial wound dressing material. UV, FTIR, and 1H NMR results demonstrated N-acetylethylenediamine groups were successfully grafted to C3OH and C6OH on polysaccharide skeletons. TGA, XRD, and solubility tests indicated that as compared with chitosan, AEDMCS had diminished thermostability, decreased crystallinity, and greatly improved solubility. AEDMCS, with degrees of deacetylation and substitution being respectively 90.3% and 0.72, exhibited higher antibacterial activity than chitosan against six bacteria generally causing wound infections. Meanwhile, AEDMCS had permissible hemolysis and cytotoxicity and low BSA adsorption even at a AEDMCS concentration of 25mg/mL. Acute toxicity tests showed AEDMCS was nontoxic. Moreover, the wound healing property was preliminarily evaluated, illustrating that AEDMCS enhanced wound healing rates as expected and had no significant differences as compared with chitosan. These results suggested AEDMCS might be a potential material used as antibacterial wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Dang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chengsheng Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Tao Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jingquan Yan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Feilong Yan
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Dongsu Cha
- The Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yachan Cao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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46
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In vitro drug release profiles of pH-sensitive hydroxyethylacryl chitosan/sodium alginate hydrogels using paracetamol as a soluble model drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Liu S, Li K, Yao F, Xu L, Fu G. Lanthanide ions-induced formation of hierarchical and transparent polysaccharide hybrid films. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 163:28-33. [PMID: 28267507 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nacre-like hybrid films based on N-succinyl chitosan (NSC), sodium alginate (SA) and lanthanide ions were fabricated via coordination interactions. In this work, the binary building blocks (NSC and SA) were self-assembled into aligned hydrogel films by coordination with lanthanide ions, and hierarchical NSC-SA hybrid films were obtained upon drying. Two species of lanthanide ions (Gd3+ and Yb3+) were used to fabricate the hierarchical NSC-SA hybrid films. The as-prepared NSC-SA hybrid films exhibit high tensile strength and stability. The tensile strength and toughness of as-prepared hybrid films reach 122.10MPa and 3.89MJm-3, respectively. Meanwhile, the well-aligned lamellar microstructures also exhibit a good light transmittance. The highest light transmittance reaches 92% for NSC-SA hybrid films at 760nm. This fabrication method for hierarchical NSC-SA hybrid films is innovative due to the utilization of rare earth coordination bonding, and can serve as the basic strategy for the construction of high-performance composites in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
| | - Kewen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
| | - Fang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guodong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China.
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48
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Bajpai M, Shukla P, Bajpai SK. Enhancement in the stability of alginate gels prepared with mixed solution of divalent ions using a diffusion through dialysis tube (DTDT) approach. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1294452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Malagurski I, Levic S, Pantic M, Matijasevic D, Mitric M, Pavlovic V, Dimitrijevic-Brankovic S. Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of Zn-mineralized alginate nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:313-321. [PMID: 28363555 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
New bioactive and antimicrobial biomaterials were produced by alginate-mediated biomineralization with Zn-mineral phase. The synthesis procedure is simple, cost-effective and resulted in two different Zn-mineralized alginate nanocomposites, Zn-carbonate/Zn-alginate and Zn-phosphate/Zn-alginate. The presence of Zn-mineral phase and its type, have significantly affected nanocomposite morphology, stability, total metallic loading and potential to release Zn(II) in physiological environment. Antimicrobial experiments showed that both types of Zn-mineralized nanocomposites exhibit strong antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. These results suggest that alginate biomineralization, where minerals are salts of essential metallic ions like Zn(II), represents a good strategy for designing multifunctional biomaterials for potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Malagurski
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Steva Levic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Pantic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danka Matijasevic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Mitric
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Pavlovic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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50
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Design of pectin-sodium alginate based films for potential healthcare application: Study of chemico-physical interactions between the components of films and assessment of their antimicrobial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:981-990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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