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Qin Y, Pillidge C, Harrison B, Adhikari B. Pathways in formulating foods for the elderly. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114324. [PMID: 38729692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The growth of the elderly population worldwide is posing significant challenges to human society. The progressive physical and physiological changes occur with aging, including decreased appetite, incomplete digestion, and reduced absorption of nutrients. A common feature of many elderly people's diets is a deficiency in proteins (especially easily digestible ones) and micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, zinc, iron, and calcium). One of the solutions to this problem is the incorporation of these components into suitably texture-modified foods. There is a dearth of products that meet the needs of the elderly with special medical/health conditions such as dysphagia, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as well as those who are in hospital and palliative care. Future research and development of foods for the elderly must address specific dietary needs of different subgroups of elderly people with underlying health conditions. The existence of different physical and physiological stages of the elderly means that their specific dietary requirements must be considered. This review summarizes current knowledge on nutritional requirements including those with underlying health problems and outlines the research and innovation pathways for developing new foods considering nutrition, texture, flavor, and other sensory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Qin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | | | | | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; The Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Stanciu MC, Nichifor M, Teacă CA. Bile Acid Sequestrants Based on Natural and Synthetic Gels. Gels 2023; 9:500. [PMID: 37367171 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) are non-systemic therapeutic agents used for the management of hypercholesterolemia. They are generally safe and not associated with serious systemic adverse effects. Usually, BASs are cationic polymeric gels that have the ability to bind bile salts in the small intestine and eliminate them by excretion of the non-absorbable polymer-bile salt complex. This review gives a general presentation of bile acids and the characteristics and mechanisms of action of BASs. The chemical structures and methods of synthesis are shown for commercial BASs of first- (cholestyramine, colextran, and colestipol) and second-generation (colesevelam and colestilan) and potential BASs. The latter are based on either synthetic polymers such as poly((meth)acrylates/acrylamides), poly(alkylamines), poly(allylamines) and vinyl benzyl amino polymers or biopolymers, such as cellulose, dextran, pullulan, methylan, and poly(cyclodextrins). A separate section is dedicated to molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) because of their great selectivity and affinity for the template molecules used in the imprinting technique. Focus is given to the understanding of the relationships between the chemical structure of these cross-linked polymers and their potential to bind bile salts. The synthetic pathways used in obtaining BASs and their in vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic activities are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena-Cristina Stanciu
- Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials Department, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marieta Nichifor
- Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials Department, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen-Alice Teacă
- Center for Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Chen H, Gao M, Yue X, Ni Y. Redispersion of dried plant nanocellulose: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119830. [PMID: 35868740 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has undergone substantial development as a high value-added cellulose product with broad applications. Dried products are advantageous to decrease transportation costs. However, dried nanocellulose has redispersion challenges when rewetting. In this work, drying techniques, factors affecting redispersibility, and strategies improving the nanocellulose redispersibility are comprehensively reviewed. Hydrogen bonds of nanocellulose are unavoidably developed during drying, leading to inferior redispersibility of dried nanocellulose, even hornification. Drying processes of nanocellulose are discussed first. Then, factors affecting redispersibility are discussed. Following that, strategies improving the nanocellulose redispersibility are analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. Surface charge modification and steric hindrance concept are two main pathways to overcome the redispersion challenge, which are mainly carried out by chemical modification, additive incorporation and non-cellulosic component preservation. Despite several advancements having been achieved, new approaches for enhancing the nanocellulose redispersibility are still required to promote the industrial-scale applications of nanocellulose in various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Minlan Gao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Wang X, Hou X, Zou P, Zhang M, Ma L. Development of Cationic Cellulose-Modified Bentonite-Alginate Nanocomposite Gels for Sustained Release of Alachlor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20032-20043. [PMID: 35722019 PMCID: PMC9202269 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nanocomposite gel prepared from nanoclay and natural polysaccharides showed a good sustained-release property. Herein, a cationic cellulose-modified bentonite-alginate nanocomposite gel was prepared and used to enhance the sustained release of alachlor. The underlying effect and mechanism of the structure of modified bentonite-alginate nanocomposite gels on the release behavior of alachlor were explored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the release of alachlor from the nanocomposite gels was dominated by Fickian diffusion and closely related to the adsorption capacity and permeability of the matrix. The cationic cellulose intercalated into the interlayer space of bentonite through an ion exchange reaction, which significantly enhanced the hydrophobicity of bentonite and its interaction with alachlor. The stacking aggregation of bentonite nanoplatelets and permeability of the gel network were decreased through the electrostatic interaction between cationic cellulose and alginate molecular chains, thus remarkably enhancing the sustained-release property of the nanocomposite gel. The release kinetics revealed that the release rate of alachlor from the nanocomposite gel first decreased and then increased as the content of bentonite and modified bentonite gradually increased. Also, the best sustained-release property of the nanocomposite gel was obtained at bentonite and modified bentonite additions of about 10%, under which the release time of 50% alachlor (T 50) from bentonite-alginate and modified bentonite-alginate nanocomposite gels was 4.4 and 5.6 times longer than the release time from pure alginate gels, respectively.
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Islam MS, Sharif A, Kwan N, Tam KC. Bile Acid Sequestrants for Hypercholesterolemia Treatment Using Sustainable Biopolymers: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1248-1272. [PMID: 35333534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids, the endogenous steroid nucleus containing signaling molecules, are responsible for the regulation of multiple metabolic processes, including lipoprotein and glucose metabolism to maintain homeostasis. Within our body, they are directly produced from their immediate precursors, cholesterol C (low-density lipoprotein C, LDL-C), through the enzymatic catabolic process mediated by 7-α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) or amphiphilic resins that are nonabsorbable to the human body (being complex high molecular weight polymers/electrolytes) are one of the classes of drugs used to treat hypercholesterolemia (a high plasma cholesterol level) or dyslipidemia (lipid abnormalities in the body); thus, they have been used clinically for more than 50 years with strong safety profiles as demonstrated by the Lipid Research Council-Cardiovascular Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT). They reduce plasma LDL-C and can slightly increase high-density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) levels, whereas many of the recent clinical studies have demonstrated that they can reduce glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, due to higher daily dosage requirements, lower efficacy in LDL-C reduction, and concomitant drug malabsorption, research to develop an "ideal" BAS from sustainable or natural sources with better LDL-C lowering efficacy and glucose regulations and lower side effects is being pursued. This Review discusses some recent developments and their corresponding efficacies as bile removal or LDL-C reduction of natural biopolymer (polysaccharide)-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anjiya Sharif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nathania Kwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kam C Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Stanciu MC, Nichifor M, Ailiesei GL. Bile salts adsorption on dextran-based hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:270-283. [PMID: 34481856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dextran-based gels bearing two types of pendant N, N-dimethyl-N-alkyl-N-(2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium chloride groups with different alkyl chain length substituents (C2 and C12/C16, respectively) at the quaternary nitrogen were synthesized and structural characteristics of the compounds were studied by elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The morphology and size of polymeric microspheres were examined by SEM and their swelling behavior in water was also investigated. The hydrogels were evaluated as sorbents for sodium cholate (NaCA) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDCA) in water and 10 mM NaCl solutions. Different isotherm models (nearest-neighbor-interaction, Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Raduskevich, Sips and Hill) were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism and established the characteristics of the most efficient polymeric sorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity of the gels was highly controlled by gel hydrophobicity which enhanced gel-bile salt affinity but decreased binding cooperativity. Swelling porosity, ionic strength and ligand lipophilicity were other factors that also affected the adsorption process. The hydrogel having 25 mol% pendant dodecyl groups retained the maximum amount of bile salts (1051 mg NaCA/g and 1138 mg NaDCA/g). All hydrophobically modified hydrogels revealed a better affinity and strength of binding compared to commercial Cholestyramine®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cristina Stanciu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700457, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Marieta Nichifor
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700457, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Liliana Ailiesei
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700457, Iasi, Romania
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Sun B, Wang W, He Z, Zhang M, Kong F, Sain M. Biopolymer Substrates in Buccal Drug Delivery: Current Status and Future Trend. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1661-1669. [PMID: 30277141 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181001114750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper provides a critical review of biopolymer-based substrates, especially the cellulose derivatives, for their application in buccal drug delivery. Drug delivery to the buccal mucous has the benefits of immobile muscle, abundant vascularization and rapid recovery, but not all the drugs can be administered through the buccal mucosa (e.g., macromolecular drugs), due to the low bioavailability caused by their large molecular size. This shortfall inspired the rapid development of drug-compounding technologies and the corresponding usage of biopolymer substrates. METHODS Cellulose derivatives have been extensively developed for drug manufacturing to facilitate its delivery. We engaged in structured research of cellulose-based drug compounding technologies. We summarized the characteristic cellulose derivatives which have been used as the biocompatible substrates in buccal delivery systems. The discussion of potential use of the rapidly-developed nanocellulose (NC) is also notable in this paper. RESULTS Seventy-eight papers were referenced in this perspective paper with the majority (sixty-five) published later than 2010. Forty-seven papers defined the buccal drug delivery systems and their substrates. Fifteen papers outlined the properties and applications of cellulose derivatives. Nanocellulose was introduced as a leading edge of nanomaterial with sixteen papers highlighted its adaptability in drug compounding for buccal delivery. CONCLUSION The findings of this perspective paper proposed the potential use of cellulose derivatives, the typical kind of biopolymers, in the buccal drug delivery system for promoting the bioavailability of macromolecular drugs. Nanocellulose (NC) in particular was proposed as an innovative bio-binder/carrier for the controlled-release of drugs in buccal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Center for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, M5S 3B3 ON, Canada.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, 300457 Tianjin, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, E3B 5A3 New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Weijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibin He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, E3B 5A3 New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Fangong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353 Shandong, China
| | - Mohini Sain
- Center for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, M5S 3B3 ON, Canada
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Liu Z, Chen M, Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhou J, Li H, Shi Q. Self-assembly of cationic amphiphilic cellulose-g-poly (p-dioxanone) copolymers. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 204:214-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Khan A, Wen Y, Huq T, Ni Y. Cellulosic Nanomaterials in Food and Nutraceutical Applications: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8-19. [PMID: 29251504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic nanomaterials (CNMs) are organic, green nanomaterials that are obtained from renewable sources and possess exceptional mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The associated unique physical and chemical properties have made these nanomaterials an intriguing prospect for various applications including the food and nutraceutical industry. From the immobilization of various bioactive agents and enzymes, emulsion stabilization, direct food additives, to the development of intelligent packaging systems or pathogen or pH detectors, the potential food related applications for CNMs are endless. Over the past decade, there have been several reviews published covering different aspects of cellulosic nanomaterials, such as processing-structure-property relationship, physical and chemical properties, rheology, extraction, nanocomposites, etc. In this critical review, we have discussed and provided a summary of the recent developments in the utilization of cellulosic nanomaterials in applications related to food and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Khan
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick , Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yangbing Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tanzina Huq
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick , Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick , Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
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Nsor-Atindana J, Chen M, Goff HD, Zhong F, Sharif HR, Li Y. Functionality and nutritional aspects of microcrystalline cellulose in food. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:159-174. [PMID: 28606522 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is among the most commonly used cellulose derivatives in the food industry. In order assess the recent advances of MCC in food product development and its associated nutraceutical implications, google scholar and database of journals subscribed by Jiangnan university, China were used to source literature. Recently published research articles that reported physicochemical properties of MCC for food application or potential application in food and nutraceutical functions were reviewed and major findings outlined. The selected literature reviewed demonstrated that the material has been extensively explored as a functional ingredient in food including meat products, emulsions, beverages, dairy products, bakery, confectionary and filling. The carbohydrate polymer also has many promising applications in functional and nutraceutical food industries. Though widely used as control for many dietary fiber investigations, MCC has been shown to provide positive effects on gastrointestinal physiology, and hypolipidemic effects, influencing the expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. These techno-functional and nutraceutical properties of MCC are influenced by the physicochemical of the material, which are defined by the raw material source and processing conditions. Apart from these functional properties, this review also highlighted limitations and gaps regarding the application of material in food and nutritional realms. Functional, Nutritional and health claims of MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Nsor-Atindana
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Maoshen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H Douglas Goff
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Fang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhang H, Zeng X, Xie J, Li Z, Li H. Study on the sorption process of triclosan on cationic microfibrillated cellulose and its antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:493-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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