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Kaczmarska A, Pieczywek PM, Cybulska J, Cieśla J, Zdunek A. Structural and rheological properties of diluted alkali soluble pectin from apple and carrot. Food Chem 2024; 446:138869. [PMID: 38428075 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pectin, a complex polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, plays a crucial role in various industries due to its functional properties. The diluted alkali-soluble pectin (DASP) fractions that result from the stepwise extraction of apples and carrots were studied to evaluate their structural and rheological properties. Homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan I, in different proportions, were the main pectin domains that composed DASP from both materials. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the molecules of apple DASP were longer and more branched. A persistence length greater than 40 nm indicated that the pectin molecules deposited on mica behaved as stiff molecules. The weight-averaged molar mass was similar for both samples. Intrinsic viscosity values of 194.91 mL·g-1 and 186.79 mL·g-1 were obtained for apple and carrot DASP, respectively. Rheological measurements showed greater structural strength for apple-extracted pectin, whereas carrot pectin was characterized by a higher linear viscoelasticity limit. This comparison showed that the pectin fractions extracted by diluted alkali are structurally different and have different rheological properties depending on their botanical origin. The acquired insights can enhance the customized use of pectin residue and support further investigations in industries relying on pectin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Kaczmarska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr M Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Cieśla
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland.
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2
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Li H, Li Z, Wang P, Liu Z, An L, Zhang X, Xie Z, Wang Y, Li X, Gao W. Evaluation of citrus pectin extraction methods: Synergistic enhancement of pectin's antioxidant capacity and gel properties through combined use of organic acids, ultrasonication, and microwaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131164. [PMID: 38547940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The biological potency of pectin is intricately intertwined with its intricate molecular architecture. The fine structure of pectin is influenced by the extraction method, while the specific impact of these methods on the fine structure and the affected attributes thereof remains enigmatic. This study delves into the profound analysis of eight distinct extraction methods influence on the structure and biological activity of citrus peel pectin. The findings demonstrate that citric acid ultrasound-assisted microwave extraction yields pectin (PectinCA-US/MV) with higher viscosity and a dense, rigid chain. Pectin extracted with acetic acid ultrasound (PectinAA-US) and citric acid ultrasound (PectinCA-US) exhibits elevated galacturonic acid (GalA) levels and reduced D-galactose (Gal) content, enhancing antioxidant activity. Eight pectin-chitosan (CS) hydrogels, especially PectinCA-US/MV-CS, demonstrate commendable thermal stability, rheological properties, self-healing capability, and swelling behavior. This study characterizes citrus peel pectin properties from different extraction methods, laying a foundation for its application in food, pharmaceuticals, and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Pengwang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin 300402, China
| | - Zhouyi Xie
- Clinical Medicine of School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
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3
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Gao Y, Lipton AS, Munson CR, Ma Y, Johnson KL, Murray DT, Scheller HV, Mortimer JC. Elongated galactan side chains mediate cellulose-pectin interactions in engineered Arabidopsis secondary cell walls. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37029760 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant secondary cell wall is a thickened matrix of polysaccharides and lignin deposited at the cessation of growth in some cells. It forms the majority of carbon in lignocellulosic biomass, and it is an abundant and renewable source for forage, fiber, materials, fuels, and bioproducts. The complex structure and arrangement of the cell wall polymers mean that the carbon is difficult to access in an economical and sustainable way. One solution is to alter the cell wall polymer structure so that it is more suited to downstream processing. However, it remains difficult to predict what the effects of this engineering will be on the assembly, architecture, and properties of the cell wall. Here, we make use of Arabidopsis plants expressing a suite of genes to increase pectic galactan chain length in the secondary cell wall. Using multi-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, we show that increasing galactan chain length enhances pectin-cellulose spatial contacts and increases cellulose crystallinity. We also found that the increased galactan content leads to fewer spatial contacts of cellulose with xyloglucan and the backbone of pectin. Hence, we propose that the elongated galactan side chains compete with xyloglucan and the pectic backbone for cellulose interactions. Due to the galactan topology, this may result in comparatively weak interactions and disrupt the cell wall architecture. Therefore, introduction of this strategy into trees or other bioenergy crops would benefit from cell-specific expression strategies to avoid negative effects on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Andrew S Lipton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Coyla R Munson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Yingxuan Ma
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Kim L Johnson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Dylan T Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
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4
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Review: Tertiary cell wall of plant fibers as a source of inspiration in material design. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Guo Q, Shan Z, Shao Y, Wang N, Qian K, Goff HD, Wang Q, Cui SW, Ding HH. Conformational Properties of Flaxseed Rhamnogalacturonan-I and Correlation between Primary Structure and Conformation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132667. [PMID: 35808711 PMCID: PMC9269093 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The pectic polysaccharides extracted from flaxseed (Linum usitatissiumum L.) mucilage and kernel were characterized as rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). In this study, the conformational characteristics of RG-I fractions from flaxseed mucilage and kernel were investigated, using a Brookhaven multi-angle light scattering instrument (batch mode) and a high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) system coupled with Viscotek tetra-detectors (flow mode). The Mw of flaxseed mucilage RG-I (FM-R) was 285 kDa, and the structure-sensitive parameter (ρ) value of FM-R was calculated as 1.3, suggesting that the FM-R molecule had a star-like conformation. The Mw of flaxseed kernel RG-I (FK-R) was 550 kDa, and the structure-sensitive parameter (ρ) values ranged from 0.90 to 1.21, suggesting a sphere to star-like conformation with relatively higher segment density. The correlation between the primary structure and conformation of RG-I was further discussed to better understand the structure–function relationship, which helps the scale-up applications of pectins in food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.G.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Zhengxin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.G.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Yanhui Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.G.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Nifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.G.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Keying Qian
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (K.Q.); (H.D.G.); (S.W.C.)
| | - H. Douglas Goff
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (K.Q.); (H.D.G.); (S.W.C.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road W., Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
| | - Steve W. Cui
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (K.Q.); (H.D.G.); (S.W.C.)
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road W., Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
| | - Huihuang H. Ding
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (K.Q.); (H.D.G.); (S.W.C.)
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road W., Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Makshakova ON, Zuev YF. Interaction-Induced Structural Transformations in Polysaccharide and Protein-Polysaccharide Gels as Functional Basis for Novel Soft-Matter: A Case of Carrageenans. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050287. [PMID: 35621585 PMCID: PMC9141914 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible, nontoxic, and biodegradable polysaccharides are considered as a promising base for bio-inspired materials, applicable as scaffolds in regenerative medicine, coatings in drug delivery systems, etc. The tunable macroscopic properties of gels should meet case-dependent requirements. The admixture of proteins to polysaccharides and their coupling in more sophisticated structures opens an avenue for gel property tuning via physical cross-linking of components and the modification of gel network structure. In this review recent success in the conformational studies of binary protein–polysaccharide gels is summarized with the main focus upon carrageenans. Future perspectives and challenges in rational design of novel polysaccharide-based materials are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N. Makshakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- A. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuriy F. Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- A. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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7
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Pectin from leaves of birch (Betula pendula Roth.): Results of NMR experiments and hypothesis of the RG-I structure. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Kaczmarska A, Pieczywek PM, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Structure and functionality of Rhamnogalacturonan I in the cell wall and in solution: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118909. [PMID: 34973730 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) belongs to the pectin family and is found in many plant cell wall types at different growth stages. It plays a significant role in cell wall and plant biomechanics and shows a gelling ability in solution. However, it has a significantly more complicated structure than smooth homogalacturonan (HG) and its variability due to plant source and physiological state contributes to the fact that RG-I's structure and function is still not so well known. Since functionality is a product of structure, we present a comprehensive review concerning the chemical structure and conformation of RG-I, its functions in plants and properties in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Kaczmarska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr M Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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9
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Makshakova O, Zykwinska A, Cuenot S, Colliec-Jouault S, Perez S. Three-dimensional structures, dynamics and calcium-mediated interactions of the exopolysaccharide, Infernan, produced by the deep-sea hydrothermal bacterium Alteromonas infernus. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118732. [PMID: 34823768 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide Infernan, from the bacterial strain GY785, has a complex repeating unit of nine monosaccharides established on a double-layer of sidechains. A cluster of uronic and sulfated monosaccharides confers to Infernan functional and biological activities. We characterized the 3-dimensional structures and dynamics along Molecular Dynamics trajectories and clustered the conformations in extended two-fold and five-fold helical structures. The electrostatic potential distribution over all the structures revealed negatively charged cavities explored for Ca2+ binding through quantum chemistry computation. The transposition of the model of Ca2+complexation indicates that the five-fold helices are the most favourable for interactions. The ribbon-like shape of two-fold helices brings neighbouring chains in proximity without steric clashes. The cavity chelating the Ca2+ of one chain is completed throughout the interaction of a sulfate group from the neighbouring chain. The resulting is a 'junction zone' based on unique chain-chain interactions governed by a heterotypic binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Makshakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Agata Zykwinska
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Microbiens et Molécules Marines pour les Biotechnologies, 44311 Nantes, France.
| | - Stephane Cuenot
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, France.
| | - Sylvia Colliec-Jouault
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Microbiens et Molécules Marines pour les Biotechnologies, 44311 Nantes, France.
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France.
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10
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Liang WL, Liao JS, Qi JR, Jiang WX, Yang XQ. Physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of high methoxyl pectin with different degree of esterification. Food Chem 2021; 375:131806. [PMID: 34933235 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Moderate alkali de-esterification can change the physicochemical characteristics and thus the functional properties of high methoxyl pectin (HMP). The results revealed that de-esterification could increase negative charges (Zeta potential from -21 to -31 mV), decrease molecular weight (from 448 to 136 kDa) and apparent viscosity of HMP. Homogalacturonan (HG) content decreased (from 62% to 49%) while rhamnogalacturonan Ⅰ (RG-Ⅰ) content increased (from 32% to 46%) after de-esterification. The group characteristics of HMP with different degree of esterification (DE) were similar and no obvious impact was made on degree of crystallinity by alkali de-esterification. A conformation transition of HMP molecule implied by Congo red test were occurred as the DE decreased. With the decrease of DE, the molecular structure of HMP became shorter and smaller, and the entanglement was weaker. The de-esterification caused slight decrease of thermal stability. Alkali de-esterification would weaken the gel property and the emulsifying ability of HMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Liang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Liao
- Guangzhou Laimeng Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, PR China; School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jun-Ru Qi
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Wen-Xin Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiao-Quan Yang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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11
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Application of the Zimm-Bragg Model to the Removal of Azo Dyes with Pectin. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4947959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the ability of pectin (Pec) to remove direct red 80 (DR80), Congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO), and methyl red (MR) was studied. The removal percentages under adequate pH and ionic strength conditions were as follows: DR80 (99.5%), CR (99.8%), MO (88.6%), and MR (68%), showing that this methodology is efficient to remove azo dyes. The proposed method included the addition of native Pec to the dye aqueous solution and the formation of a gel that occurred when a calcium salt solution was added. This gel retains the molecules adsorbed onto the molecular surface of Pec through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the Zimm-Bragg model is used to describe the removal of azo dyes with native Pec. This model includes two parameters:
(nucleation constant), which is related to the tendency exerted by a dye molecule attached to the Pec to bind to other molecules present in the aqueous phase, and
(cooperativity parameter), which determines the aggregation capacity of the dye molecules already attached to the Pec. This model fits the experimental isotherms very well, suggesting that Pec binds single molecules and dye aggregates. The obtained results in the values of
ranged from 922 mol/kg (MR) to 1,157,462 mol/kg (CR), and
varied from 2.51 (MR) to 169.19 (MO). These results suggest that the use of Pec is a viable option to remove azo dyes from aqueous effluents and that the Zimm-Bragg model fits adequately the isotherms of dyes that have a high tendency to form aggregates.
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12
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Buergy A, Rolland-Sabaté A, Leca A, Renard CM. Apple puree's texture is independent from fruit firmness. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Murayama D, Rankin SA, Ikeda S. Effect of surfactant-induced competitive displacement of whey protein conjugated to acid- or alkali-extracted potato pectin on emulsion stability. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Pieczywek PM, Cieśla J, Płaziński W, Zdunek A. Aggregation and weak gel formation by pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117566. [PMID: 33483067 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel model of homogalacturonan (HG) based on the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The model was applied to investigate the mechanism of self-aggregation of low-methoxylated homogalacturonan in aqueous solutions in the absence of cations. The coarse-grained model provided new insights into the structural features of HG aggregates and networks in aqueous solutions. Depending on the properties and concentration of polysaccharides, two major patterns of self-assembly were observed for HG - ellipsoidal aggregates and a continuous three-dimensional network. Simulations showed that a decrease in the degree of dissociation of HG results in a higher rate of self-aggregation, as well as facilitating the formation of larger assemblies or thicker nanofilaments depending on the type of final self-assembly. Simulations of polysaccharides of different chain lengths suggested the existence of a structural threshold for the formation of a spatial network for HG consisting of less than 35 GalA units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mariusz Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Cieśla
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, Cracow, 30-239, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Makshakova ON, Safarova ER, Zuev YF. Structural insights in interactions between RNase from Bacillus Intermedius and rhamnogalacturonan I from potato. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117038. [PMID: 33142596 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Being biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, polysaccharides present a perspective material for drug delivery systems. This study aimed at unraveling the molecular details of interactions between rhamnogalacturonan I, brunched with galactan side chains, and RNase from Bacillus Intermedius, binase. FTIR- and NMR-spectroscopic analyses showed that binase interacts with side chains of the polysaccharide. In complexes with polysaccharide, the protein retains its native structure. The 2D-NMR techniques revealed eight protein residues responsive to polysaccharide binding. Further, computer simulations were carried out to provide the atomistic details of binase-polysaccharide complexes. Both blind and knowledge-based docking procedures elucidate the existence of epitopes on the binase surface with the preferential binding of galactan fragments. The refinement of these complexes by molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable protein-polysaccharide interactions. The results of this study strengthen the knowledge on non-specific protein-carbohydrate interactions and outline the rhamnogalacturonan I as a possible matrix material for protein delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Makshakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111, Lobachevsky str. 2/31, Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - E R Safarova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111, Lobachevsky str. 2/31, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Y F Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111, Lobachevsky str. 2/31, Kazan, Russian Federation
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16
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Zhang X, Lin J, Pi F, Zhang T, Ai C, Yu S. Rheological characterization of RG-I chicory root pectin extracted by hot alkali and chelators. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:759-770. [PMID: 32650011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to extract gelatinous chicory root pectin (CRP) and evaluated the rheological behavior of the dispersions and gels. CRP was extracted by citric acid (CEP), alkaline (AEP), ammonium oxalate (OEP) and sodium citrate (SEP). The yield, molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of esterification (DE) of pectin samples varied from 8.8 to 14.8% (w/w), 204 to 336 k Da and 4.0 to 47.4%, respectively. AFM studies showed self-organize on mica of CEP, revealing a random coil conformation due to the interaction of multiple branching, whereas, AEP exhibited long linear filamentous structures. The flow behavior study verified the pseudoplastic character of CEP and SEP at 25 °C, while OEP and AEP belonged to dilatant fluid, besides, a closed hysteresis loop was observed when the CEP concentration increased to 1.5%. OEP gel was thermo insensitive and stiff, AEP gel presented most sensitive to calcium ion but more brittle, and SEP was observed a weak syneresis in spite of the poor gelation property. The texture analysis indicated OEP gel had a superior firmness and chewiness. These findings demonstrated that CRP may be attractive as a thickener or gelling agent to modulate textures of sugar-free and calcium content food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fang Pi
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chao Ai
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China.
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17
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Pieczywek PM, Płaziński W, Zdunek A. Dissipative particle dynamics model of homogalacturonan based on molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14691. [PMID: 32895471 PMCID: PMC7477560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we present an alternative dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) parametrization strategy based on data extracted from the united-atom molecular simulations. The model of the homogalacturonan was designed to test the ability of the formation of large-scale structures via hydrogen bonding in water. The extraction of coarse-grained parameters from atomistic molecular dynamics was achieved by means of the proposed molecule aggregation algorithm based on an iterative nearest neighbour search. A novel approach to a time-scale calibration scheme based on matching the average velocities of coarse-grained particles enabled the DPD forcefield to reproduce essential structural features of homogalacturonan molecular chains. The successful application of the proposed parametrization method allowed for the reproduction of the shapes of radial distribution functions, particle velocities and diffusivity of the atomistic molecular dynamics model using DPD force field. The structure of polygalacturonic acid molecules was mapped into the DPD force field by means of the distance and angular bond characteristics, which closely matched the MD results. The resulting DPD trajectories showed that randomly dispersed homogalacturonan chains had a tendency to aggregate into highly organized 3D structures. The final structure resembled a three-dimensional network created by tightly associated homogalacturonan chains organized into thick fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270, Lublin, Poland.
| | - W Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270, Lublin, Poland
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18
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Khotimchenko M. Pectin polymers for colon-targeted antitumor drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:S0141-8130(20)33147-0. [PMID: 32387365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors is always associated with the severe side effects negatively affecting all organs and systems in human body. One of the approaches for reduction of the toxic influence and enhancement of the antitumor drug administration efficiency is supposed to be the use of the biopolymer delivery systems. Pectins are considered the most promising components for colon targeted drug dosage forms as they are stable in the changing gastrointestinal media and easily degraded by pectinases produced by colonic microflora. A various range of the pectin-containing delivery systems were developed contributing higher concentration of the active drug molecules in particular site inside intestine and their lower blood level resulting in lowered risk of the severe side effects. This review discusses the various forms of the pectin-based materials such as hydrogels, tablets and pellets, films, microspheres, microsponges, nanoparticles, etc. as drug delivery device and attempted to report the vast literature available on pectin biopolymers in drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khotimchenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Ayax-10, Russki island, Vladivostok 690920, Russia.
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19
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Mnich E, Bjarnholt N, Eudes A, Harholt J, Holland C, Jørgensen B, Larsen FH, Liu M, Manat R, Meyer AS, Mikkelsen JD, Motawia MS, Muschiol J, Møller BL, Møller SR, Perzon A, Petersen BL, Ravn JL, Ulvskov P. Phenolic cross-links: building and de-constructing the plant cell wall. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:919-961. [PMID: 31971193 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: Up to 2019Phenolic cross-links and phenolic inter-unit linkages result from the oxidative coupling of two hydroxycinnamates or two molecules of tyrosine. Free dimers of hydroxycinnamates, lignans, play important roles in plant defence. Cross-linking of bound phenolics in the plant cell wall affects cell expansion, wall strength, digestibility, degradability, and pathogen resistance. Cross-links mediated by phenolic substituents are particularly important as they confer strength to the wall via the formation of new covalent bonds, and by excluding water from it. Four biopolymer classes are known to be involved in the formation of phenolic cross-links: lignins, extensins, glucuronoarabinoxylans, and side-chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I. Lignins and extensins are ubiquitous in streptophytes whereas aromatic substituents on xylan and pectic side-chains are commonly assumed to be particular features of Poales sensu lato and core Caryophyllales, respectively. Cross-linking of phenolic moieties proceeds via radical formation, is catalyzed by peroxidases and laccases, and involves monolignols, tyrosine in extensins, and ferulate esters on xylan and pectin. Ferulate substituents, on xylan in particular, are thought to be nucleation points for lignin polymerization and are, therefore, of paramount importance to wall architecture in grasses and for the development of technology for wall disassembly, e.g. for the use of grass biomass for production of 2nd generation biofuels. This review summarizes current knowledge on the intra- and extracellular acylation of polysaccharides, and inter- and intra-molecular cross-linking of different constituents. Enzyme mediated lignan in vitro synthesis for pharmaceutical uses are covered as are industrial exploitation of mutant and transgenic approaches to control cell wall cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Mnich
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Jiang WX, Qi JR, Huang YX, Zhang Y, Yang XQ. Emulsifying properties of high methoxyl pectins in binary systems of water-ethanol. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115420. [PMID: 31826436 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pectin is widely distributed in plant cell wall, most of which have limited emulsifying properties. Ethanol could alter the solubility of pectin, and affect its emulsifying properties. No creaming and breaking of emulsion appeared in 21% (v/v) ethanol contained emulsion. This project investigated the influence of ethanol (0%-35%, v/v) on conformation and emulsifying properties of pectin. Results shown that ethanol could reduce the helix conformation and zeta potential of pectin chain, which leading to compact conformation and enhanced interaction among pectin molecules. Although emulsion droplet diameter increased with ethanol content, the most stable emulsion was found in 21% (v/v) ethanol. CLSM also indicated over-aggregated pectin have a poor adsorption capacity on the interface of O/W. All results manifested the emulsifying properties of pectin can be improved by 21% (v/v) ethanol. This study provides a new strategy to improve the emulsifying property of pectin by changing its conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Jun-Ru Qi
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Ying-Xing Huang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Xiao-Quan Yang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
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21
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Zhang CQ, Chen X, Ding K. Structural characterization of a galactan from Dioscorea opposita Thunb. and its bioactivity on selected Bacteroides strains from human gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 218:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Murayama D, Ando D, Ikeda S. Surfactant-Induced Competitive Displacement of Potato Pectin-Protein Conjugate from the Air-Water Interface. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8197-8204. [PMID: 31287317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Potato pectin contains some proteinaceous components and exhibits emulsifying and emulsion stabilizing abilities. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of the pectin moiety of the pectin-protein conjugate present in pectic extracts from potato tubers on their interfacial properties. Potato pectin was extracted from highly purified cell wall materials to avoid the contamination of unconjugated proteins. The abilities of the potato pectin to adsorb to graphite surfaces and to resist surfactant-induced competitive displacement from the air-water interface were investigated using atomic force microscopy. The pectin moiety of the potato pectin was capable of adsorbing to graphite surfaces even after alkali treatment. Furthermore, the potato pectin exhibited enhanced resistance to surfactant-induced competitive displacement from the interface as a result of the formation of network structures of self-assembled pectin moieties at the interface. The present results suggest the importance of the pectin moiety with regard to the interfacial properties of potato pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Murayama
- Department of Food Science , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Daisuke Ando
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Shinya Ikeda
- Department of Food Science , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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23
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Gawkowska D, Cieśla J, Zdunek A, Cybulska J. Cross-linking of diluted alkali-soluble pectin from apple (Malus domestica fruit) in different acid-base conditions. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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24
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Fishman ML, Chau HK, Hotchkiss AT, White A, Garcia RA, Cooke PH. Effect of long term cold storage and microwave extraction time on the physical and chemical properties of citrus pectin. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Petrova AA, Kozlova LV, Gaifullina IZ, Ananchenko BA, Martinson EA, Mikshina PV, Gorshkova TA. AFM analysis reveals polymorphism of purified flax rhamnogalacturonans I of distinct functional types. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 216:238-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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26
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A nanostructural view of the cell wall disassembly process during fruit ripening and postharvest storage by atomic force microscopy. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Posé S, Marcus SE, Knox JP. Differential metabolism of pectic galactan in tomato and strawberry fruit: detection of the LM26 branched galactan epitope in ripe strawberry fruit. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:95-105. [PMID: 29688577 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based approaches have been used to study cell wall architecture and modifications during the ripening process of two important fleshy fruit crops: tomato and strawberry. Cell wall polymers in both unripe and ripe fruits have been sequentially solubilized and fractions analyzed with sets of monoclonal antibodies focusing on the pectic polysaccharides. We demonstrate the specific detection of the LM26 branched galactan epitope, associated with rhamnogalacturonan-I, in cell walls of ripe strawberry fruit. Analytical approaches confirm that the LM26 epitope is linked to sets of rhamnogalacturonan-I and homogalacturonan molecules. The cellulase-degradation of cellulose-rich residues that releases cell wall polymers intimately linked with cellulose microfibrils has been used to explore aspects of branched galactan occurrence and galactan metabolism. In situ analyses of ripe strawberry fruits indicate that the LM26 epitope is present in all primary cell walls and also particularly abundant in vascular tissues. The significance of the occurrence of branched galactan structures in the side chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I pectins in the context of ripening strawberry fruit is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Posé
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Susan E Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Semenyuk PI, Zhiryakova MV, Izumrudov VA. Supercharged Polyplexes: Full-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Study. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Makshakova ON, Faizullin DA, Mikshina PV, Gorshkova TA, Zuev YF. Spatial structures of rhamnogalacturonan I in gel and colloidal solution identified by 1D and 2D-FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192:231-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Jarvis MC. Structure of native cellulose microfibrils, the starting point for nanocellulose manufacture. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0045. [PMID: 29277742 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging consensus that higher plants synthesize cellulose microfibrils that initially comprise 18 chains. However, the mean number of chains per microfibril in situ is usually greater than 18, sometimes much greater. Microfibrils from woody tissues of conifers, grasses and dicotyledonous plants, and from organs like cotton hairs, all differ in detailed structure and mean diameter. Diameters increase further when aggregated microfibrils are isolated. Because surface chains differ, the tensile properties of the cellulose may be augmented by increasing microfibril diameter. Association of microfibrils with anionic polysaccharides in primary cell walls and mucilages leads to in vivo mechanisms of disaggregation that may be relevant to the preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose products. For the preparation of nanocrystalline celluloses, the key issue is the nature and axial spacing of disordered domains at which axial scission can be initiated. These disordered domains do not, as has often been suggested, take the form of large blocks occupying much of the length of the microfibril. They are more likely to be located at chain ends or at places where the microfibril has been mechanically damaged, but their structure and the reasons for their sensitivity to acid hydrolysis need better characterization.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Jarvis
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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31
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Jouini M, Abdelhamid A, Chaouch MA, le Cerf D, Bouraoui A, Majdoub H, Ben Jannet H. Physico-chemical characterization and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from Opuntia microdasys var. rufida cladodes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1330-1338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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