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Li F, Weng K, Tanaka T, He J, Zheng H, Noda D, Irifune S, Sato H. Fabrication of Waterborne Silicone-Modified Polyurethane Nanofibers for Nonfluorine Elastic Waterproof and Breathable Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1505. [PMID: 38891452 PMCID: PMC11174452 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Waterproof and breathable membranes have a huge market demand in areas, such as textiles and medical protection. However, existing fluorinated nanofibrous membranes, while possessing good waterproof and breathable properties, pose health and environmental hazards. Consequently, fabricating fluorine-free, eco-friendly waterborne membranes by integrating outstanding waterproofing, breathability, and robust mechanical performance remains a significant challenge. Herein, we successfully prepared waterborne silicone-modified polyurethane nanofibrous membranes with excellent elasticity, waterproofing, and breathability properties through waterborne electrospinning, using a small quantity of poly(ethylene oxide) as a template polymer and in situ doping of the poly(carbodiimide) crosslinking agent, followed by a simple hot-pressing treatment. The silicone imparted the nanofibrous membrane with high hydrophobicity, and the crosslinking agent enabled its stable porous structure. The hot-pressing treatment (120 °C) further reduced the pore size and improved the water resistance. This environmentally friendly nanofibrous membrane showed a high elongation at break of 428%, an ultra-high elasticity of 67.5% (160 cycles under 400% tensile strain), an air transmission of 13.2 mm s-1, a water vapor transmission rate of 5476 g m-2 d-1, a hydrostatic pressure of 51.5 kPa, and a static water contact angle of 137.9°. The successful fabrication of these environmentally friendly, highly elastic membranes provides an important reference for applications in healthcare, protective textiles, and water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda-shi 386-8567, Nagano, Japan; (F.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Kai Weng
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda-shi 386-8567, Nagano, Japan; (F.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Toshihisa Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda-shi 386-8567, Nagano, Japan; (F.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Jianxin He
- International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles of Henan Province, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Haimin Zheng
- International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles of Henan Province, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Daisuke Noda
- Silicone-Electronics Materials Research Center, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-10, Hitomi, Matsuida-Machi, Annaka-shi 379-0224, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shinji Irifune
- Silicone-Electronics Materials Research Center, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-10, Hitomi, Matsuida-Machi, Annaka-shi 379-0224, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Sato
- Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Mfg. Co., Ltd., 2087-4, Ohta, Sakura-shi 285-0808, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Zhang N. Largely Improved Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Nanocomposites via In Situ Polymerization with Low Loading of Graphene Oxide. J MACROMOL SCI B 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2022.2071043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engneering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, China
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3
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Advanced and traditional processing of thermoplastic polyurethane wastes. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Electrospun Bioscaffold Based on Cellulose Acetate and Dendrimer-modified Cellulose Nanocrystals for Controlled Drug Release. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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5
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Batool JA, Rehman K, Qader A, Akash MSH. Biomedical applications of carbohydrate-based polyurethane: From biosynthesis to degradation. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1669-1687. [PMID: 35040410 DOI: 10.2174/1573412918666220118113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The foremost common natural polymers are carbohydrate-based polymers or polysaccharides, having a long chain of monosaccharide or disaccharide units linked together via a glycosidic linkage to form a complex structure. There are several uses of carbohydrate-based polymers in biomedical sector due to its attractive features including less toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, high reactivity, availability, and relatively inexpensive. The aim of our study was to explore the synthetic approaches for the preparation of numerous carbohydrate-based polyurethanes (PUs) and their wide range of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The data summarized in this study shows that the addition of carbohydrates in the structural skeleton of PUs not only improve their suitability but also effect the applicability for employing them in biological applications. Carbohydrate-based units are incorporated into the PUs, which is the most convenient method for the synthesis of novel biocompatible and biodegradable carbohydrate-based PUs to use in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Ara Batool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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6
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Zhou W, Gong X, Li Y, Si Y, Zhang S, Yu J, Ding B. Waterborne electrospinning of fluorine-free stretchable nanofiber membranes with waterproof and breathable capabilities for protective textiles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 602:105-114. [PMID: 34118600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Smart membranes with robust liquid water resistance and water vapor transmission capabilities have attracted growing attentions in personal protective equipment and environmental protection. However, current fluorine-free waterproof and breathable nanofibrous membranes are usually prepared through toxic solvent-based electrospinning, which raises great concerns about their environmental impacts. EXPERIMENTS We develop environmentally friendly fluorine-free polyurethane nanofibrous membranes with robust waterproof and breathable performances via waterborne electrospinning without post-coating treatment. The incorporation of the low surface energy long-chain alkyls and polycarbodiimide crosslinker imparts the interconnective porous channels with high hydrophobicity to waterborne fluorine-free polyurethane nanofibrous membranes. FINDINGS The waterborne fluorine-free nanofibrous membranes show high water contact angle of 137.1°, robust hydrostatic pressure of 35.9 kPa, desirable water vapor transmission rate of 4885 g m-2 d-1, excellent air permeability of 19.9 mm s-1, good tensile elongation of 372.4%, and remarkable elasticity of 56.9%, thus offering strong potential for protective textiles and leaving no toxic solvent residues. This work could also serve as a guide for the design of green and high-performance fibrous materials used for medical hygiene, wearable electronics, water desalination, and oil/water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaobao Gong
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Si
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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7
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Panaitescu DM, Nicolae CA, Melinte V, Scutaru AL, Gabor AR, Popa MS, Oprea M, Buruiana T. Influence of microfibrillated cellulose and soft biocomponent on the morphology and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymers Department National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest Romania
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- Polymers Department National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest Romania
| | - Violeta Melinte
- Polyaddition and Photochemistry Department Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi Romania
| | - Andreea Laura Scutaru
- Polyaddition and Photochemistry Department Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi Romania
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- Polymers Department National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest Romania
| | - Marius Stelian Popa
- Polymers Department National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest Romania
| | - Madalina Oprea
- Polymers Department National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest Romania
| | - Tinca Buruiana
- Polyaddition and Photochemistry Department Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi Romania
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8
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Gonzalez E, Barquero A, Muñoz-Sanchez B, Paulis M, Leiza JR. Green Electrospinning of Polymer Latexes: A Systematic Study of the Effect of Latex Properties on Fiber Morphology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:706. [PMID: 33799700 PMCID: PMC7999345 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Green electrospinning is a relatively new promising technology in which a polymer (latex) can be spun from an aqueous dispersion with the help of a template polymer. This method is a green, clean and safe technology that is able to spin hydrophobic polymers using water as an electrospinning medium. In this article, a systematic study that investigates the influence of the template polymer molar mass, the total solids content of the initial dispersion and the particle/template ratio is presented. Furthermore, the influence of the surfactant used to stabilize the polymer particles, the surface functionality of the polymer particles and the use of a bimodal particle size distribution on the final fiber morphology is studied for the first time. In green electrospinning, the viscosity of the initial complex blend depends on the amount and molar mass of the template polymer but also on the total solids content of the dispersion to be spun. Thus, both parameters must be carefully taken into account in order to fine-tune the final fiber morphology. Additionally, the particle packing and the surface chemistry of the polymer particles also play an important role in the obtained nanofibers quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.); (B.M.-S.); (M.P.); (J.R.L.)
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9
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Herrán R, Molinari FN, Bilbao E, Monsalve LN, Amalvy JI. Fabrication of electrospun fibers from a waterborne soy‐based polyurethane employing polyethylene oxide as a coformer. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Herrán
- Grupo Materiales Poliméricos Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA–CCT CONICET La Plata/UNLP) La Plata Argentina
| | - Fabricio N. Molinari
- INTI Materiales Avanzados Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial San Martín Argentina
| | - Emanuel Bilbao
- INTI Nanomateriales Funcionales Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial San Martín Argentina
- CONICET Godoy Cruz 2290 Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Leandro N. Monsalve
- INTI Nanomateriales Funcionales Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial San Martín Argentina
- CONICET Godoy Cruz 2290 Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Javier I. Amalvy
- Grupo Materiales Poliméricos Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA–CCT CONICET La Plata/UNLP) La Plata Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (CITEMA‐UTN/CIC) Berisso Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA) La Plata Argentina
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10
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Advances in Waterborne Polyurethane and Polyurethane-Urea Dispersions and Their Eco-friendly Derivatives: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030409. [PMID: 33514067 PMCID: PMC7865350 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethanes and polyurethane-ureas, particularly their water-based dispersions, have gained relevance as an extremely versatile area based on environmentally friendly approaches. The evolution of their synthesis methods, and the nature of the reactants (or compounds involved in the process) towards increasingly sustainable pathways, has positioned these dispersions as a relevant and essential product for diverse application frameworks. Therefore, in this work, it is intended to show the progress in the field of polyurethane and polyurethane-urea dispersions over decades, since their initial synthesis approaches. Thus, the review covers from the basic concepts of polyurethane chemistry to the evolution of the dispersion's preparation strategies. Moreover, an analysis of the recent trends of using renewable reactants and enhanced green strategies, including the current legislation, directed to limit the toxicity and potentiate the sustainability of dispersions, is described. The review also highlights the strengths of the dispersions added with diverse renewable additives, namely, cellulose, starch or chitosan, providing some noteworthy results. Similarly, dispersion's potential to be processed by diverse methods is shown, evidencing, with different examples, their suitability in a variety of scenarios, outstanding their versatility even for high requirement applications.
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11
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Alonso-Lerma B, Larraza I, Barandiaran L, Ugarte L, Saralegi A, Corcuera MA, Perez-Jimenez R, Eceiza A. Enzymatically produced cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement for waterborne polyurethane and its applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117478. [PMID: 33357930 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne polyurethanes (WBPUs) have been proposed as ecofriendly elastomers with several applications in coatings and adhesives. WBPU's physicochemical properties can be enhanced by the addition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The way CNCs are isolated has a strong effect on their properties and can determine their role as reinforcement. In this work, CNCs produced using ancestral endoglucanase (EnCNCs) were used as reinforcement for WBPU and compared with CNC produced by sulfuric acid hydrolysis (AcCNC). The enzymatic method produced highly thermostable and crystalline CNCs. The addition of small contents of EnCNCs improved the thermomechanical stability and mechanical properties of WBPUs, even better than commercial AcCNCs. Besides, WBPU reinforced by adding EnCNCs was studied as a coating for paper materials, increasing its abrasion resistance and as electrospun nanocomposite mats where EnCNCs helped maintaining the morphology of the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Alonso-Lerma
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Izaskun Larraza
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Ugarte
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ainara Saralegi
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Corcuera
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raul Perez-Jimenez
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Evolgene Genomics S.L., San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- Group 'Materials + Technologies', Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain.
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12
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Influence of the addition of PEG into PCL‐based waterborne polyurethane‐urea dispersions and films properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Redondo A, Jang D, Korley LTJ, Gunkel I, Steiner U. Electrospinning of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Polyurethane Fibrous Mats. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051021. [PMID: 32369944 PMCID: PMC7284984 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the electrospinning of mechanically-tunable, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-reinforced polyurethanes (PUs). Using high-aspect ratio CNCs from tunicates, the stiffness and strength of electrospun PU/CNC mats are shown to generally increase. Furthermore, by tuning the electrospinning conditions, fibrous PU/CNC mats were created with either aligned or non-aligned fibers, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. PU/CNC mats having fibers aligned in the strain direction were stiffer and stronger compared to mats containing non-aligned fibers. Interestingly, fiber alignment was accompanied by an anisotropic orientation of the CNCs, as confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering, implying their alignment additionally benefits both stiffness and strength of fibrous PU/CNC nanocomposite mats. These findings suggest that CNC alignment could serve as an additional reinforcement mechanism in the design of stronger fibrous nanocomposite mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Redondo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Daseul Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (D.J.); (L.T.J.K.)
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (D.J.); (L.T.J.K.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (U.S.)
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (U.S.)
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14
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Chen SH, Chou PY, Chen ZY, Lin FH. Electrospun Water-Borne Polyurethane Nanofibrous Membrane as a Barrier for Preventing Postoperative Peritendinous Adhesion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1625. [PMID: 30939838 PMCID: PMC6480376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritendinous adhesion is a major complication after tendon injury and the subsequent repairs or reconstructions. The degree of adhesion can be reduced by the interposition of a membranous barrier between the traumatized tendon and the surrounding tissue. In the present study, electrospun water-borne polyurethane (WPU) nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) were created for use after the reparation or reconstruction of tendons to reduce adhesion. In the electrospinning process, water was employed as the solvent for WPU, and this solvent was ecofriendly and nontoxic. The nanofibrous architecture and pore size of the WPU NFMs were analyzed. Their microporosity (0.78⁻1.05 µm) blocked the penetration of fibroblasts, which could result in adhesion and scarring around the tendon during healing. The release of WPU mimicked the lubrication effect of the synovial fluid produced by the synovium around the tendon. In vitro cell studies revealed that the WPU NFMs effectively reduced the number of fibroblasts that became attached and that there was no significant cytotoxicity. In vivo studies with the rabbit flexor tendon repair model revealed that WPU NFMs reduced the degree of peritendinous adhesion, as determined using a gross examination; a histological cross section evaluation; and measurements of the range of motion of interphalangeal joints (97.1 ± 14.7 and 79.0 ± 12.4 degrees in proximal and distal interphalangeal joints respectively), of the length of tendon excursion (11.6 ± 1.9 cm), and of the biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Heng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Pang-Yun Chou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
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15
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Younas M, Noreen A, Sharif A, Majeed A, Hassan A, Tabasum S, Mohammadi A, Zia KM. A review on versatile applications of blends and composites of CNC with natural and synthetic polymers with mathematical modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:591-626. [PMID: 30447361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is world's most abundant, renewable and recyclable polysaccharide on earth. Cellulose is composed of both amorphous and crystalline regions. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are extracted from crystalline region of cellulose. The most attractive feature of CNC is that it can be used as nanofiller to reinforce several synthetic and natural polymers. In this article, a comprehensive overview of modification of several natural and synthetic polymers using CNCs as reinforcer in respective polymer matrix is given. The immense activities of CNCs are successfully utilized to enhance the mechanical properties and to broaden the field of application of respective polymer. All the technical scientific issues have been discussed highlighting the recent advancement in biomedical and packaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younas
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Sharif
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Majeed
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abida Hassan
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Tabasum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
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16
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Felfel RM, Hossain KMZ, Kabir SF, Liew SY, Ahmed I, Grant DM. Flexible and transparent films produced from cellulose nanowhisker reinforced agarose. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 194:328-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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