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Wang L, Li D, Ye L, Zhi C, Zhang T, Miao M. Development of a self-reinforced starch-derived film with biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Food Chem 2024; 447:138974. [PMID: 38489880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The scraps produced while processing packaging materials will cause a waste of resources. In this study, starch-based self-reinforced film (SSRF) using thermoplastic starch (TPS, 45 wt%) and polypropylene (PP, 53 wt%) was developed. The effect of extrusion times (1-4 times) on the film structure and performance was explored. The results show as the number of extrusions increases, the color of SSRF deepens from gray-white to brown, and the crystallinity increases. The mechanical properties of the four types of SSRF first increase and then decrease. The 2-SSRF has the best performance, with tensile strength of 13.23 MPa, elongation at break of 61.35%, Young's modulus of 1128.99 MPa, and flexural strength of 33.19 MPa. Proper extrusion improves the compatibility of TPS and PP. However, repeated extrusion will cause PP degradation and TPS carbonization, reducing interfacial interaction. This study developed new starch-based self-reinforced film and provided theoretical guidance for reusing packaging material scraps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dexiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Jiangsu Longjun Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, PR China
| | - Chaohui Zhi
- Jiangsu Longjun Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Wang L, Li D, Ye L, Zhi C, Zhang T, Miao M. Starch-based biodegradable composites: Effects of in-situ re-extrusion on structure and performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130869. [PMID: 38493822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, starch-based biodegradable composites (SDC) were prepared by extruding using thermoplastic starch (TPS, 65%wt), polylactic acid (PLA, 30%wt) and poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT, 5%wt). Structure and properties of the SDC were compared by performing 1-, 2-, 3-times extrusion. The results show that in-situ re-extrusion refines the TPS in composites and reduces the size of the phase. As the number of extrusions increases, the ester bond of composites at 868 cm-1 disappears, the crystallinity increases, and the thermal stability decreases. Among the three types of composites, the mechanical properties and hydrophobic properties of the material obtained by the 2-times are the most outstanding. Compared with SDC, the elongation at break and Young's modulus of SDC-2 are significantly increased, with an increase of 8.01 % and 1.28 % in the machine direction and an increase of 11.02 % and 1.79 % in the transverse direction respectively. Additionally, water contact angle range of SDC-2 from 98.7° to 101.7°. Therefore, SDC prepared by 2-times in-situ re-extrusion has the best film properties and is an ideal packaging material. This study presents a novel method for fabricating starch-degradable composite films by in-situ re-extrusion, providing new insights into the development of starch packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dexiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Jiangsu Longjun Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Chaohui Zhi
- Jiangsu Longjun Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Jones H, McClements J, Ray D, Hindle CS, Kalloudis M, Koutsos V. Thermomechanical Properties of Virgin and Recycled Polypropylene-High-Density Polyethylene Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4200. [PMID: 37959880 PMCID: PMC10647352 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides evidence and discusses the variability in the thermomechanical behaviour of virgin and recycled polypropylene/high-density polyethylene blends without the addition of other components, which is sparse in the literature. Understanding the performance variability in recycled polymer blends is of critical importance in order to facilitate the re-entering of recycled materials to the consumer market and, thus, contribute towards a circular economy. This is an area that requires further research due to the inhomogeneity of recycled materials. Therefore, the thermal and mechanical properties of virgin and recycled polypropylene/high-density polyethylene blends were investigated systematically. Differential scanning calorimetry concludes that both the recycled and virgin blends are immiscible. Generally, recycled blends have lower overall crystallinity and melting temperatures compared with virgin blends while, remarkably, their crystallisation temperatures are compared favourably. Dynamical mechanical analysis showed little variation in the storage modulus of recycled and virgin blends. However, the alpha and beta relaxation temperatures are lower in recycled blends due to structural deterioration. Deterioration in the thermal and mechanical properties of recycled blends is thought to be caused by the presence of contaminants and structural degradation during reprocessing, resulting in shorter polymeric chains and the formation of imperfect crystallites. The tensile properties of recycled blends are also affected by the recycling process. The Young's modulus and yield strength of the recycled blends are inferior to those of virgin blends due to the deterioration during the recycling process. However, the elongation at break of the recycled blends is higher compared with the virgin blends, possibly due to the plasticity effect of the low-molecular-weight chain fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jones
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Jake McClements
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dipa Ray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Colin S. Hindle
- School of Engineering and The Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Merchiston Campus, 10 Colinton Road, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK
| | - Michail Kalloudis
- Impact Laboratories Ltd. (Impact Solutions), Impact Technology Centre, Fraser Road, Kirkton Campus, Livingston EH54 7BU, UK
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
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Bu H, Hu J, Han F, Wang L, Chen Q, Cheng P, Yue H, Dong T, Yun X. Polypropylene/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Breathing Film for Inhibiting Pseudomonas and Maintaining Microbial Communities and Postharvest Quality of Allium mongolicum Regel during Storage. Foods 2023; 12:3370. [PMID: 37761079 PMCID: PMC10527958 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium mongolicum Regel (A. mongolicum) is a healthy edible plant but highly perishable with a short shelf life of 1-2 d. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) could inhibit the postharvest senescence and decay of the vegetables. Thus, the aim of this study was to apply MAP with different gas permeabilities to the storage of A. mongolicum and evaluate its effects on maintaining microbial communities and the postharvest quality of A. mongolicum. The results showed that polypropylene/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PP/PBAT, abbreviated as PAT) MAP was suitable for the storage of A. mongolicum by establishing an optimal atmosphere of 0.5-0.6% O2 and 6.2-7.1% CO2 in the bag. It could delay the postharvest senescence of A. mongolicum and maintain its quality by slowing down its respiration rate and weight loss, reducing cell membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, maintaining the cell wall, and reducing infection and the growth of microorganisms. However, A. mongolicum in HPT was more perishable than that in PAT during storage. Pseudomonas was found to be the main spoilage bacteria, and they could also be effectively inhibited by PAT-MAP. The next-generation sequencing results also showed the growth of Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Streptococcus, Aureobasidium, Didymella, and Fusarium, responsible for A. mongolicum decay or human disease, was well inhibited by PAT-MAP. The results suggested that PAT-MAP could be used to maintain microbial diversity and the postharvest quality of A. mongolicum under cold storage conditions. It provided a feasible solution for the preservation, food quality, and safety control of A. mongolicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Bu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.B.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (P.C.); (T.D.)
- Inner Mongolia Institute for Drug Control, Hohhot 010020, China; (F.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.B.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (P.C.); (T.D.)
| | - Feng Han
- Inner Mongolia Institute for Drug Control, Hohhot 010020, China; (F.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Limei Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;
| | - Qianru Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.B.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (P.C.); (T.D.)
| | - Peifang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.B.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (P.C.); (T.D.)
| | - Hai Yue
- Inner Mongolia Institute for Drug Control, Hohhot 010020, China; (F.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tungalag Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.B.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (P.C.); (T.D.)
| | - Xueyan Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.B.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (P.C.); (T.D.)
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Liu Z, Meng F, Tang X, Su C, Mu Q, Ju G. Research on Properties of PBAT/CaCO 3 Composite Films Modified with Titanate Coupling Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102379. [PMID: 37242953 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High cost, low crystallinity, and low-melt strength limit the market application of the biodegradable material poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which has become a major obstacle to the promotion of PBAT products. Herein, with PBAT as resin matrix and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as filler, PBAT/CaCO3 composite films were designed and prepared with a twin-screw extruder and single-screw extrusion blow-molding machine designed, and the effects of particle size (1250 mesh, 2000 mesh), particle content (0-36%) and titanate coupling agent (TC) surface modification of CaCO3 on the properties of PBAT/CaCO3 composite film were investigated. The results showed that the size and content of CaCO3 particles had a significant effect on the tensile properties of the composites. The addition of unmodified CaCO3 decreased the tensile properties of the composites by more than 30%. TC-modified CaCO3 improved the overall performance of PBAT/CaCO3 composite films. The thermal analysis showed that the addition of titanate coupling agent 201 (TC-2) increased the decomposition temperature of CaCO3 from 533.9 °C to 566.1 °C, thereby enhancing the thermal stability of the material. Due to the heterogeneous nucleation of CaCO3, the addition of modified CaCO3 raised the crystallization temperature of the film from 97.51 °C to 99.67 °C and increased the degree of crystallization from 7.09% to 14.83%. The tensile property test results showed that the film reached the maximum tensile strength of 20.55 MPa with the addition of TC-2 at 1%. The results of contact angle, water absorption, and water vapor transmission performance tests showed that TC-2 modified CaCO3 increased the water contact angle of the composite film from 85.7° to 94.6° and decreased the water absorption from 13% to 1%. When the additional amount of TC-2 was 1%, the water vapor transmission rate of the composites was reduced by 27.99%, and the water vapor permeability coefficient was reduced by 43.19%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Fantao Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xianggang Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Chengzhuang Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Qinglin Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Guannan Ju
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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6
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Bartolucci L, Cordiner S, De Maina E, Kumar G, Mele P, Mulone V, Igliński B, Piechota G. Sustainable Valorization of Bioplastic Waste: A Review on Effective Recycling Routes for the Most Widely Used Biopolymers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097696. [PMID: 37175402 PMCID: PMC10178466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastics-based materials have a high carbon footprint, and their disposal is a considerable problem for the environment. Biodegradable bioplastics represent an alternative on which most countries have focused their attention to replace of conventional plastics in various sectors, among which food packaging is the most significant one. The evaluation of the optimal end-of-life process for bioplastic waste is of great importance for their sustainable use. In this review, the advantages and limits of different waste management routes-biodegradation, mechanical recycling and thermal degradation processes-are presented for the most common categories of biopolymers on the market, including starch-based bioplastics, PLA and PBAT. The analysis outlines that starch-based bioplastics, unless blended with other biopolymers, exhibit good biodegradation rates and are suitable for disposal by composting, while PLA and PBAT are incompatible with this process and require alternative strategies. The thermal degradation process is very promising for chemical recycling, enabling building blocks and the recovery of valuable chemicals from bioplastic waste, according to the principles of a sustainable and circular economy. Nevertheless, only a few articles have focused on this recycling process, highlighting the need for research to fully exploit the potentiality of this waste management route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bartolucci
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cordiner
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele De Maina
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Pietro Mele
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mulone
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Bartłomiej Igliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GPCHEM, Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, Legionów 40a/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Kumar R, Sadeghi K, Jang J, Seo J. Mechanical, chemical, and bio-recycling of biodegradable plastics: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163446. [PMID: 37075991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of petroleum-based non-biodegradable plastics for various applications has led to global concerns regarding the severe environmental issues associated with them. However, biodegradable plastics are emerging as green alternatives to petroleum-based non-biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics, which include bio-based and petroleum-based biodegradable polymers, exhibit advantageous properties such as renewability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Furthermore, certain biodegradable plastics are compatible with existing recycling streams intended for conventional plastics and are biodegradable in controlled and/or predicted environments. Recycling biodegradable plastics before their end-of-life (EOL) degradation further enhances their sustainability and reduces their carbon footprint. Since the production of biodegradable plastic is increasing and these materials will coexist with conventional plastics for many years to come, it is essential to identify the optimal recycling options for each of the most prevalent biodegradable plastics. The substitution of virgin biodegradable plastics by their recyclates leads to higher savings in the primary energy demand and reduces global warming impact. This review covers the current state of the mechanical, chemical, and bio-recycling of post-industrial and post-consumer waste of biodegradable plastics and their related composites. The effects of recycling on the chemical structure and thermomechanical properties of biodegradable plastics are also reported. Additionally, the improvement of biodegradable plastics by blending them with other polymers and nanoparticles is comprehensively discussed. Finally, the status of bioplastic usage, life cycle assessment, EOL management, bioplastic market, and the challenges associated with the recyclability of biodegradable plastics are addressed. This review gives comprehensive insights into the recycling processes that may be employed for the recycling of biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
| | - Kambiz Sadeghi
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Jang
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
| | - Jongchul Seo
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea.
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Wang K, Zou F, Tao H, Gao W, Guo L, Cui B, Yuan C, Liu P, Lu L, Wu Z. Effects of different rapid cooling temperatures and annealing on functional properties of starch straws after thermoplastic extrusion. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120534. [PMID: 36737187 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve the performance of starch straws in rapidly cooling and annealing procedure of thermoplastic extrusion, control straw was prepared through slowly cooling at 25 °C, and starch straw was prepared through regulating different rapid cooling temperatures including 20 °C, 5 °C, -10 °C and -20 °C. The results indicated that control straw exhibited a homogeneous state, while starch straws treated by rapid cooling displayed like a wash-board structure. Compared to control straw, the ratio of the absorption peak intensity of 1047 and 1022 cm-1 increased from 1.050 to 1.455 as cooling temperatures decreased from 25 °C to -20 °C, indicating short-range order of the double helix structure significantly enhanced. The relative crystallinities of starch straws increased from 12.01 % to 16.58 %. The maximum bending force value (60.92 N) of starch straws cooled at -20 °C was significantly higher than that (46.14 N) of control straw. Conversely, the modulus of elasticity in bending values (4.21-16.43 N/cm) of rapid cooling-treated straws were significantly lower than that (48.42 N/cm) of control straw. Water absorption of rapid cooling-treated straws were lower than that of control straw, indicating the hydrophobicity property of starch straws significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Feixue Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Haiteng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China.
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China.
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Zhengzong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Rd., Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
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Manufacture and Characterization of Polypropylene (PP) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Blocks for Potential Use as Masonry Component in Civil Construction. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122463. [PMID: 35746039 PMCID: PMC9227878 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of suitable destinations for plastics materials can be a global environmental problem. The alternative use of materials for sustainable construction encourages the standardization of waste and promotes effective social, environmental and economic gains at the local level and ensures savings and income for communities. The aim of this paper is the development, manufacture, and characterization of PP and HDPE recycled polyolefin blocks as masonry components in civil construction. These blocks were manufactured by the rotational molding process. Besides this, the mechanical, physical, impact and flammability properties of the blocks were studied. In conclusion, HDPE showed better behavior than PP in tests realized.
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A Comparative Study on the Aerobic Biodegradation of the Biopolymer Blends of Poly(butylene succinate), Poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) and Poly(lactic acid). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091894. [PMID: 35567063 PMCID: PMC9101927 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the rate and mechanisms of the aerobic biodegradation of biopolymer blends under controlled composting conditions using the CO2 evolution respirometric method. The biopolymer blends of poly (butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) blended with poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and PBAT blended with poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt extrusion, were tested to evaluate the amount of carbon mineralized under home and industrial composting conditions. The changes in the structural, chemical, thermal and morphological characteristics of the biopolymer blends before and after biodegradation were investigated by FT-IR, DSC, TGA, XRD and SEM. Both blends showed higher degradation rates under industrial composting conditions, when compared to home composting conditions. This was confirmed by FT-IR analysis showing an increase in the intensity of hydroxyl and carbonyl absorption bands. SEM revealed that there was microbial colony formation and disintegration on the surfaces of the biopolymer blends. The obtained results suggest that industrial composting conditions are the most suitable for an enhanced biodegradation of the biopolymer blends viz PBAT–PBS and PBAT–PLA.
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11
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Xu Y, Zhang F, Zhai W, Cheng S, Li J, Wang Y. Unraveling of Advances in 3D-Printed Polymer-Based Bone Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:566. [PMID: 35160556 PMCID: PMC8840342 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of large-area irregular bone defects is one of the complex problems in orthopedic clinical treatment. The bone repair scaffolds currently studied include electrospun membrane, hydrogel, bone cement, 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds, etc., among which 3D printed polymer-based scaffolds Bone scaffolds are the most promising for clinical applications. This is because 3D printing is modeled based on the im-aging results of actual bone defects so that the printed scaffolds can perfectly fit the bone defect, and the printed components can be adjusted to promote Osteogenesis. This review introduces a variety of 3D printing technologies and bone healing processes, reviews previous studies on the characteristics of commonly used natural or synthetic polymers, and clinical applications of 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds, analyzes and elaborates the characteristics of ideal bone tissue scaffolds, from t he progress of 3D printing bone tissue scaffolds were summarized in many aspects. The challenges and potential prospects in this direction were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Xu
- Basic Research Key Laboratory of General Surgery for Digital Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.X.); (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- Basic Research Key Laboratory of General Surgery for Digital Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.X.); (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Weijie Zhai
- Basic Research Key Laboratory of General Surgery for Digital Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.X.); (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Shujie Cheng
- Basic Research Key Laboratory of General Surgery for Digital Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.X.); (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Jinghua Li
- Basic Research Key Laboratory of General Surgery for Digital Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.X.); (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Basic Research Key Laboratory of General Surgery for Digital Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.X.); (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.C.)
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Bearing Tribology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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13
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Polyolefins and Polyethylene Terephthalate Package Wastes: Recycling and Use in Composites. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14217306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plastics are versatile materials used in a variety of sectors that have seen a rapid increase in their global production. Millions of tonnes of plastic wastes are generated each year, which puts pressure on plastic waste management methods to prevent their accumulation within the environment. Recycling is an attractive disposal method and aids the initiative of a circular plastic economy, but recycling still has challenges to overcome. This review starts with an overview of the current European recycling strategies for solid plastic waste and the challenges faced. Emphasis lies on the recycling of polyolefins (POs) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which are found in plastic packaging, as packaging contributes a signification proportion to solid plastic wastes. Both sections, the recycling of POs and PET, discuss the sources of wastes, chemical and mechanical recycling, effects of recycling on the material properties, strategies to improve the performance of recycled POs and PET, and finally the applications of recycled POs and PET. The review concludes with a discussion of the future potential and opportunities of recycled POs and PET.
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14
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Tavanaie MA, Ghahari AH. A study on melt recycling of bio‐based polypropylene/thermoplastic starch compound. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Lackner M, Ivanič F, Kováčová M, Chodák I. Mechanical properties and structure of mixtures of poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with thermoplastic starch (TPS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOBASED PLASTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24759651.2021.1882774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lackner
- University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Wien, Austria
| | - František Ivanič
- Dúbravská cesta 5799/9, 845 41 Karlova Ves, Polymer Institute SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kováčová
- Dúbravská cesta 5799/9, 845 41 Karlova Ves, Polymer Institute SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Chodák
- Dúbravská cesta 5799/9, 845 41 Karlova Ves, Polymer Institute SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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State-Of-The-Art and Trends in CO 2 Laser Cutting of Polymeric Materials-A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173839. [PMID: 32878119 PMCID: PMC7503707 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser cutting finds one of its most relevant applications in the processing of a wide variety of polymeric materials like thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Different types of polymeric materials like polypropylene (PP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), low- and high-density polyethylene (LDPE, HDPE), are processed by laser for different household as well as commercial products in the industry. The reason is their easy availability and economical aspect in the market. The problems associated with laser cutting include heat-affected zone (HAZ) generated on the cut surface, kerf width (KW), surface roughness (SR), dross formation, and striations formation. Furthermore, other related problems include taper cutting for deep parts and high-power consumption. The primary purpose of this work is a comprehensive literature review in CO2 laser cutting of polymeric materials. The influence of parametric variation on the cut quality is also explained. Cut quality in terms of KW, SR, HAZ, dross formation, and striations formation is analyzed by optimizing cutting variables like laser power (PL), cutting speed (CS), assist gas pressure (Pg), pulse frequency, nozzle type and its diameter, and stand-off distance (SOD). The effects of the laser cutting on the properties of different thermoplastics/thermosetting materials are also reported. However, this topic requires further studies on exploring the range of polymeric materials, and their optimal parameters selection to improve the cut quality. Therefore, the research gaps and future research directions are also highlighted in the context of CO2 laser cutting for polymeric materials.
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17
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Li Y, Bai Y, Huang J, Yuan C, Ding T, Liu D, Hu Y. Airglow discharge plasma treatment affects the surface structure and physical properties of zein films. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Guo H, Yue L, Rui G, Manas-Zloczower I. Recycling Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) with Improved Properties through Dynamic Cross-Linking. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Guo
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Liang Yue
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Guanchun Rui
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ica Manas-Zloczower
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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19
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Xuzhen Zhang, Xiang H, Li X, Wen X, Lu C. Surface Modification of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Acetic Anhydride and its Effects on Poly(butylenesadipate-co-terephthalate) Based Composite. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Effect of Dip Coating Polymer Solutions on Properties of Thermoplastic Cassava Starch. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111746. [PMID: 31653000 PMCID: PMC6918419 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was prepared by melt-mixing cassava starch with glycerol. Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PE-MAH) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions at 2% (w/v) were used to coat TPS using the dip coating process. The tensile strength of TPS increased with the dip coating solution technique, especially for PLA coating. Swelling index, water-soluble matter and water droplet contact angle confirmed the water resistant improvement of TPS by PE-MAH and the PLA dip coating solution. Plasticizer bleeding was found in uncoated TPS after storage, but not in the coated TPS. Coating TPS with PE-MAH and PLA improved the tensile properties, water resistance and conquered plasticizer bleeding problems in TPS.
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21
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Leal IL, Silva Rosa YC, Silva Penha J, Cruz Correia PR, Silva Melo P, Guimarães DH, Barbosa JDV, Druzian JI, Machado BAS. Development and application starch films: PBAT with additives for evaluating the shelf life of Tommy Atkins mango in the fresh‐cut state. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lessa Leal
- Department of Food and BiotechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
- Food Science Program, Pharmacy FacultyFederal University of Bahia, Ademar de Barros Avenue, Ondina 40170‐115 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Yasmin Carolino Silva Rosa
- Department of Food and BiotechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Josenai Silva Penha
- Department of Food and BiotechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Paulo Romano Cruz Correia
- Food Science Program, Pharmacy FacultyFederal University of Bahia, Ademar de Barros Avenue, Ondina 40170‐115 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Pollyana Silva Melo
- Department of Materials EngineeringUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Danilo Hansen Guimarães
- Department of Materials EngineeringUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa
- Health Institute of TechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Janice Izabel Druzian
- Food Science Program, Pharmacy FacultyFederal University of Bahia, Ademar de Barros Avenue, Ondina 40170‐115 Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Department of Food and BiotechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
- Health Institute of TechnologyUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning – SENAI, Orlando Gomes Avenue, 1845 ‐ Piatã 41650‐010 Salvador Bahia Brazil
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22
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Zheng Z, Liu Y, Dai B, Meng C, Guo Z. Fabrication of cellulose-based halogen-free flame retardant and its synergistic effect with expandable graphite in polypropylene. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:257-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Jaramillo AF, Riquelme SA, Sánchez-Sanhueza G, Medina C, Solís-Pomar F, Rojas D, Montalba C, Melendrez MF, Pérez-Tijerina E. Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Nanocomposites and Composite Based on Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Using Cu and Cu/Cu 2O Nanoparticles and CuSO 4. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:158. [PMID: 31073776 PMCID: PMC6509317 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites and a composite based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were synthesized using commercial copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs), copper/cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu|Cu2O-NPs), and copper sulfate (CuSO4), respectively. The Cu|Cu2O-NPs were synthesized using chemical reduction and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesis of Cu|Cu2O-NPs yielded a mixture of Cu and Cu2O, with metal Cu having a spherical morphology of approximately 40 nm in diameter and Cu2O with a diameter of 150 nm. To prepare the nanocomposites (NCs) and the composite material (MC), the NPs and the CuSO4 salt were incorporated into the PBAT matrix in concentrations of 1, 3, and 5% p/p via an ex situ method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and agar diffusion assays were used for structural, thermomechanical, and antimicrobial characterization. Results showed that the reinforcements did not modify the chemical structure of the PBAT and only slightly increased the percentage of crystallization. The mechanical and thermal properties of the PBAT did not change much with the addition of fillers, except for a slight increase in tensile strength and thermal stability, respectively. The agar diffusion antimicrobial assays showed that the NCs and MCs had good inhibitory responses against the nonresistant strains Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus. The MCs based on CuSO4 had the highest biocidal effect, even against the resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Jaramillo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000 Temuco, Chile
| | - S. A. Riquelme
- Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, 4070409 Concepción, Chile
| | - G. Sánchez-Sanhueza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Discipline, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - C. Medina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (DIM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, 219 Edmundo Larenas, Concepción, Chile
| | - F. Solís-Pomar
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical-Mathematical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451 San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León México
| | - D. Rojas
- Advanced Nanocomposites Research Group (GINA), Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, 4070409 Concepción, Chile
| | - C. Montalba
- Departamento de Tecnologías Industriales, Universidad de Talca, Camino a Los Niches KM 1, Curicó, Chile
| | - M. F. Melendrez
- Advanced Nanocomposites Research Group (GINA), Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, 4070409 Concepción, Chile
| | - E. Pérez-Tijerina
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical-Mathematical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451 San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León México
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24
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Nazareth M, Marques MRC, Leite MCA, Castro ÍB. Commercial plastics claiming biodegradable status: Is this also accurate for marine environments? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:714-722. [PMID: 30583241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about plastic pollution and global public policies have encouraged consumers to acquire environmentally friendly products. Thus, products made of biodegradable plastics have been preferred by the public, despite their costs. However, greenwashing practices, promising more environmental benefits than the products actually offer, has become frequent. Nevertheless, no studies assessing the occurrence of greenwashing in commercial plastic products sold in large world economies have been performed. The present study aimed to experimentally evaluate alterations in structure and chemical composition of selected plastic products marketed in Canada, USA and Brazil. The aging experiments carried out by seawater immersion for 180 days showed no evidence of degradation in 4 out of the 6 studied samples, despite product claims of biodegradability or 100% degradability status. This finding denotes unequivocal greenwashing practices, even including bags made of polyethylene, an ordinary non-biodegradable polymer. Thus, the inadequate adoption of green marketing is deceiving to consumers and may lead to improper disposal of these materials. These practices are highly counterproductive in view of the global public policies recently adopted to control plastic pollution. Therefore, considering the technologies currently available for identification of polymers, a strict control should be exercised over products that claim biodegradable status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monick Nazareth
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica R C Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia C A Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo, 11030-100, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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25
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Long H, Wu Z, Dong Q, Shen Y, Zhou W, Luo Y, Zhang C, Dong X. Mechanical and thermal properties of bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene/polylactic acid composites for 3D printing. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Long
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center; College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center; College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Qianqian Dong
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center; College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Yuting Shen
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center; College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Wuyi Zhou
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center; College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Ying Luo
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center; College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center; College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Xianming Dong
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center; College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
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Ayu RS, Khalina A, Harmaen AS, Zaman K, Jawaid M, Lee CH. Effect of Modified Tapioca Starch on Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of PBS Blends for Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1187. [PMID: 30961112 PMCID: PMC6290640 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, polybutylene succinate (PBS) was blended with five types of modified tapioca starch to investigate the effect of modified tapioca starch in PBS blends for food packaging by identifying its properties. Tensile and flexural properties of blends found deteriorated for insertion of starch. This is due to poor interface, higher void contents and hydrolytic degradation of hydrophilic starch. FTIR results show all starch/PBS blends are found with footprints of starch except OH stretching vibration which is absent in B40 blends. Besides, Broad O⁻H absorption in all specimens show that these are hydrogen bonded molecules and no free O⁻H bonding was found. SEM testing shows good interfacial bonding between PBS and starch except E40 blends. Therefore, poor results of E40 blends was expected. In TGA, a slightly weight loss found between 80 to 100 °C due to free water removal. Apart from this, insertion of all types of starch reduces thermal stability of blend. However, high crystallinity of starch/PBS blend observed better thermal stability but lower char yield. Starch A and B blends are suggested to be used as food wrap and food container materials while starch D blend is suitable for grocery plastic bags according to observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiqah S Ayu
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdan Khalina
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Saffian Harmaen
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Khairul Zaman
- Polycomposite Sdn Bhd, Taman Kajang Sentral, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ching Hao Lee
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Sundum T, Szécsényi KM, Kaewtatip K. Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic starch composites with fly ash modified by planetary ball milling. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 191:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Solar energy tube processing of lemon residues for use as fillers in polyester-based green composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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29
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Kedzierski M, D'Almeida M, Magueresse A, Le Grand A, Duval H, César G, Sire O, Bruzaud S, Le Tilly V. Threat of plastic ageing in marine environment. Adsorption/desorption of micropollutants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:684-694. [PMID: 29475712 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ageing of various plastics in marine environment was monitored after immersion of two synthetic (polyvinylchloride, PVC, and polyethylene terephthalate, PET) and one biodegradable (poly(butylene adipate co-terephtalate), PBAT) plastics for 502days in the bay of Lorient (Brittany, France). Data analysis indicates that aged PVC rapidly releases estrogenic compounds in seawater with a later adsorption of heavy metals; PET undergoes a low weakening of the surface whereas no estrogenic activity is detected; PBAT ages faster in marine environment than PVC. Aged PBAT exhibits heterogeneous surface with some cavities likely containing clay minerals from the chlorite group. Besides, this degraded material occasionally shows a high estrogenic activity. Overall, this study reports, for the first time, that some aged plastics, without being cytotoxic, can release estrogenic compounds in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hélène Duval
- Université Bretagne Sud, IRDL FRE CNRS 3744, 56100 Lorient, France
| | - Guy César
- SERPBIO, Université Bretagne Sud, 56321 Lorient, France
| | - Olivier Sire
- Université Bretagne Sud, IRDL FRE CNRS 3744, 56100 Lorient, France
| | - Stéphane Bruzaud
- Université Bretagne Sud, IRDL FRE CNRS 3744, 56100 Lorient, France
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Subramaniam M, Sharma S, Gupta A, Abdullah N. Enhanced degradation properties of polypropylene integrated with iron and cobalt stearates and its synthetic application. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malini Subramaniam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang Pahang Malaysia 26300
| | - Swati Sharma
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang Pahang Malaysia 26300
| | - Arun Gupta
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang Pahang Malaysia 26300
| | - Norhayati Abdullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang Pahang Malaysia 26300
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