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Zhou G, Zhang H, Su Z, Zhang X, Zhou H, Yu L, Chen C, Wang X. A Biodegradable, Waterproof, and Thermally Processable Cellulosic Bioplastic Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Modification. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2301398. [PMID: 37127887 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The growing environmental concern over petrochemical-based plastics continuously promotes the exploration of green and sustainable substitute materials. Compared with petrochemical products, cellulose has overwhelming superiority in terms of availability, cost, and biodegradability; however, cellulose's dense hydrogen-bonding network and highly ordered crystalline structure make it hard to be thermoformed. A strategy to realize the partial disassociation of hydrogen bonds in cellulose and the reassembly of cellulose chains via constructing a dynamic covalent network, thereby endowing cellulose with thermal processability as indicated by the observation of a moderate glass transition temperature (Tg = 240 °C), is proposed. Moreover, the cellulosic bioplastic delivers a high tensile strength of 67 MPa, as well as excellent moisture and solvent resistance, good recyclability, and biodegradability in nature. With these advantageous features, the developed cellulosic bioplastic represents a promising alternative to traditional plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Su
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Yu
- Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Koso T, Beaumont M, Tardy BL, Rico Del Cerro D, Eyley S, Thielemans W, Rojas OJ, Kilpeläinen I, King AWT. Highly regioselective surface acetylation of cellulose and shaped cellulose constructs in the gas-phase. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2022; 24:5604-5613. [PMID: 35924208 PMCID: PMC9290444 DOI: 10.1039/d2gc01141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase acylation is an attractive and sustainable method for modifying the surface properties of cellulosics. However, little is known concerning the regioselectivity of the chemistry, i.e., which cellulose hydroxyls are preferentially acylated and if acylation can be restricted to the surface, preserving crystallinities/morphologies. Consequently, we reexplore simple gas-phase acetylation of modern-day cellulosic building blocks - cellulose nanocrystals, pulps, dry-jet wet spun (regenerated cellulose) fibres and a nanocellulose-based aerogel. Using advanced analytics, we show that the gas-phase acetylation is highly regioselective for the C6-OH, a finding also supported by DFT-based transition-state modelling on a crystalloid surface. This contrasts with acid- and base-catalysed liquid-phase acetylation methods, highlighting that gas-phase chemistry is much more controllable, yet with similar kinetics, to the uncatalyzed liquid-phase reactions. Furthermore, this method preserves both the native (or regenerated) crystalline structure of the cellulose and the supramolecular morphology of even delicate cellulosic constructs (nanocellulose aerogel exhibiting chiral cholesteric liquid crystalline phases). Due to the soft nature of this chemistry and an ability to finely control the kinetics, yielding highly regioselective low degree of substitution products, we are convinced this method will facilitate the rapid adoption of precisely tailored and biodegradable cellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Koso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki AI Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Tulln Austria
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Blaise L Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Daniel Rico Del Cerro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki AI Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Samuel Eyley
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven Campus Kortrijk Etienne Sabbelaan 53 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven Campus Kortrijk Etienne Sabbelaan 53 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Ilkka Kilpeläinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki AI Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Alistair W T King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki AI Virtasen aukio 1 00560 Helsinki Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd Tietotie 4e 02150 Espoo Finland
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3
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Zahra H, Selinger J, Sawada D, Ogawa Y, Orelma H, Ma Y, Kumagai S, Yoshioka T, Hummel M. Evaluation of Keratin-Cellulose Blend Fibers as Precursors for Carbon Fibers. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:8314-8325. [PMID: 35847521 PMCID: PMC9275789 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One main challenge to utilize cellulose-based fibers as the precursor for carbon fibers is their inherently low carbon yield. This study aims to evaluate the use of keratin in chicken feathers, a byproduct of the poultry industry generated in large quantities, as a natural charring agent to improve the yield of cellulose-derived carbon fibers. Keratin-cellulose composite fibers are prepared through direct dissolution of the pulp and feather keratin in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH]OAc) and subsequent dry jet wet spinning (so-called Ioncell process). Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that there is an increase in the carbon yield by ∼53 wt % with 30 wt % keratin incorporation. This increase is comparable to the one observed for lignin-cellulose composite fibers, in which lignin acts as a carbon booster due to its higher carbon content. Keratin, however, reduces the mechanical properties of cellulose precursor fibers to a lesser extent than lignin. Keratin introduces nitrogen and induces the formation of pores in the precursor fibers and the resulting carbon fibers. Carbon materials derived from the keratin-cellulose composite fiber show potential for applications where nitrogen doping and pores or voids in the carbon are desirable, for example, for low-cost bio-based carbons for energy harvest or storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Zahra
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Julian Selinger
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hannes Orelma
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Biomaterial Processing and Products, Tietotie 4E, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Yibo Ma
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Shogo Kumagai
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku
University, 6-6-07 Aoba,
Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan
- Division
for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of Organization for Advanced
Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshioka
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku
University, 6-6-07 Aoba,
Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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Solubility and spinnability of cellulose-lignin blends in specific ionic liquids. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Guizani C, Trogen M, Zahra H, Pitkänen L, Moriam K, Rissanen M, Mäkelä M, Sixta H, Hummel M. Fast and quantitative compositional analysis of hybrid cellulose-based regenerated fibers using thermogravimetric analysis and chemometrics. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:6797-6812. [PMID: 34720464 PMCID: PMC8550718 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-03923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cellulose can be dissolved with another biopolymer in a protic ionic liquid and spun into a bicomponent hybrid cellulose fiber using the Ioncell® technology. Inside the hybrid fibers, the biopolymers are mixed at the nanoscale, and the second biopolymer provides the produced hybrid fiber new functional properties that can be fine-tuned by controlling its share in the fiber. In the present work, we present a fast and quantitative thermoanalytical method for the compositional analysis of man-made hybrid cellulose fibers by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in combination with chemometrics. First, we incorporated 0-46 wt.% of lignin or chitosan in the hybrid fibers. Then, we analyzed their thermal decomposition behavior in a TGA device following a simple, one-hour thermal treatment protocol. With an analogy to spectroscopy, we show that the derivative thermogram can be used as a predictor in a multivariate regression model for determining the share of lignin or chitosan in the cellulose hybrid fibers. The method generated cross validation errors in the range 1.5-2.1 wt.% for lignin and chitosan. In addition, we discuss how the multivariate regression outperforms more common modeling methods such as those based on thermogram deconvolution or on linear superposition of reference thermograms. Moreover, we highlight the versatility of this thermoanalytical method-which could be applied to a wide range of composite materials, provided that their components can be thermally resolved-and illustrate it with an additional example on the measurement of polyester content in cellulose and polyester fiber blends. The method could predict the polyester content in the cellulose-polyester fiber blends with a cross validation error of 1.94 wt.% in the range of 0-100 wt.%. Finally, we give a list of recommendations on good experimental and modeling practices for the readers who want to extend the application of this thermoanalytical method to other composite materials. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-021-03923-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamseddine Guizani
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikaela Trogen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hilda Zahra
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Leena Pitkänen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kaniz Moriam
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Marja Rissanen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Mäkelä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, PO Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Herbert Sixta
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Finland
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Zhou C, Wang Y. Recent progress in the conversion of biomass wastes into functional materials for value-added applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2020; 21:787-804. [PMID: 33354165 PMCID: PMC7738282 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1848213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The amount of biomass wastes is rapidly increasing, which leads to numerous disposal problems and governance issues. Thus, the recycling and reuse of biomass wastes into value-added applications have attracted more and more attention. This paper reviews the research on biomass waste utilization and biomass wastes derived functional materials in last five years. The recent research interests mainly focus on the following three aspects: (1) extraction of natural polymers from biomass wastes, (2) reuse of biomass wastes, and (3) preparation of carbon-based materials as novel adsorbents, catalyst carriers, electrode materials, and functional composites. Various biomass wastes have been collected from agricultural and forestry wastes, animal wastes, industrial wastes and municipal solid wastes as raw materials with low cost; however, future studies are required to evaluate the quality and safety of biomass wastes derived products and develop highly feasible and cost-effective methods for the conversion of biomass wastes to enable the industrial scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufan Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- CONTACT Yixiang Wang Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QuebecH9X 3V9, Canada
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Protz R, Lehmann A, Ganster J, Fink HP. Solubility and spinnability of cellulose-lignin blends in aqueous NMMO. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117027. [PMID: 33142586 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The direct dissolution and joint spinning of cellulose and lignin from NMMO-water were investigated by using dissolving pulp and purified KRAFT lignin. Compared to the rather narrow dissolution window of cellulose in the NMMO-water system, lignin with concentrations up to 15 wt.-% was shown to dissolve in a range from 30 % NMMO to 70 % NMMO at room temperature. The quasi-ternary phase diagram of cellulose-lignin-(NMMO-monohydrate) is represented by a cross section at 95 °C. Dry-jet wet spinning was realized for the cellulose-lignin compound up to 50 % lignin loading. The spinnability decreases with increasing lignin content. SEM and TEM investigations of the fibers exhibit a core-shell structure with a dense core and a porous shell with lower lignin content. In accordance with the X-ray fiber diagrams, it can be concluded that cellulose governs fiber formation and fiber properties while lignin acts mainly as a filler in the core region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Protz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - A Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - J Ganster
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - H-P Fink
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Guizani C, Larkiala S, Moriam K, Sawada D, Elsayed S, Rantasalo S, Hummel M, Sixta H. Air gap spinning of a cellulose solution in [
DBNH
][
OAc
] ionic liquid with a novel vertically arranged spinning bath to simulate a closed loop operation in the Ioncell® process. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sauli Larkiala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Kaniz Moriam
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Sherif Elsayed
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Sami Rantasalo
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Herbert Sixta
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Espoo Finland
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Processing and valorization of cellulose, lignin and lignocellulose using ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
In the present work, freeze crystallization studies, as a novel concentration method for aqueous 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH][OAc]) ionic liquid solution, were conducted. In order to find the appropriate temperature and composition range for freeze crystallization, the solid–liquid equilibrium of a binary [DBNH][OAc]–water compound system was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results of this analysis showed that the melting temperature of the pure ionic liquid was 58 ℃, whereas the eutectic temperature of the binary compound system was found to be −73 ℃. The activity coefficient of water was determined based on the freezing point depression data obtained in this study. In this study, the lowest freezing point was −1.28 ℃ for the aqueous 6 wt.% [DBNH][OAc] solution. Ice crystal yield and distribution coefficient were obtained for two types of aqueous solutions (3 wt.% and 6 wt.% [DBNH][OAc]), and two freezing times (40 min and 60 min) were used as the main parameters to compare the two melt crystallization methods: static layer freeze and suspension freeze crystallization. Single-step suspension freeze crystallization resulted in higher ice crystal yields and higher ice purities when compared with the single-step static layer freeze crystallization. The distribution coefficient values obtained showed that the impurity ratios in ice and in the initial solution for suspension freeze crystallization were between 0.11 and 0.36, whereas for static layer freeze crystallization these were between 0.28 and 0.46. Consequently, suspension freeze crystallization is a more efficient low-energy separation method than layer freeze crystallization for the aqueous-ionic liquid solutions studied and, therefore, this technique can be applied as a concentration method for aqueous-ionic liquid solutions.
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Amaral HR, Cipriano DF, Santos MS, Schettino MA, Ferreti JV, Meirelles CS, Pereira VS, Cunha AG, Emmerich FG, Freitas JC. Production of high-purity cellulose, cellulose acetate and cellulose-silica composite from babassu coconut shells. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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