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Salgado P, Rubilar O, Salazar C, Márquez K, Vidal G. In Situ Synthesis of Cu 2O Nanoparticles Using Eucalyptus globulus Extract to Remove a Dye via Advanced Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1087. [PMID: 38998692 PMCID: PMC11243407 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution, particularly from organic contaminants like dyes, is a pressing issue, prompting exploration into advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as potential solutions. This study focuses on synthesizing Cu2O on cellulose-based fabric using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extracts. The resulting catalysts effectively degraded methylene blue through photocatalysis under LED visible light and heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions with H2O2, demonstrating reusability. Mechanistic insights were gained through analyses of the extracts before and after Cu2O synthesis, revealing the role of phenolic compounds and reducing sugars in nanoparticle formation. Cu2O nanoparticles on cellulose-based fabric were characterized in terms of their morphology, structure, and bandgap via SEM-EDS, XRD, Raman, FTIR, UV-Vis DRS, and TGA. The degradation of methylene blue was pH-dependent; photocatalysis was more efficient at neutral pH due to hydroxyl and superoxide radical production, while Fenton-like reactions showed greater efficiency at acidic pH, primarily generating hydroxyl radicals. Cu2O used in Fenton-like reactions exhibited lower reusability compared to photocatalysis, suggesting deterioration. This research not only advances understanding of catalytic processes but also holds promise for sustainable water treatment solutions, contributing to environmental protection and resource conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salgado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudio Salazar
- Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados (CIPA), Concepción 4051381, Chile
| | - Katherine Márquez
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Grupo de Ingeniería y Biotecnología Ambiental (GIBA-UDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4070411, Chile
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Zhang Y, Guo H, Fu C, Li W, Li B, Zhu L. Cellulose supported TiO 2/Cu 2O for highly asymmetric conjugate addition of α,β-unsaturated compounds in aqueous phase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131205. [PMID: 38643922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A series of new kind green cellulose-supported bimetallic TiO2/Cu2O (Cell@TiO2/Cu2O) catalytic materials were obtained by in-situ reduction method employing cellulose as the carrier. The effects of metal percentage composition on the morphology and construction of the catalytic materials were systematically investigated. The Cell@TiO2/Cu2O were characterized by FT-IR, TG, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDS, and the element content was obtained by elemental analysis. Then, the achieved catalytic materials were applied to the chiral borylation reaction of α,β-unsaturated compounds, including nitrile compounds, esters, and α,β-unsaturated ketones. Remarkably, this approach provides an efficient strategy to gain an important class of chiral organic boron compounds with target chiral products in high yields as well as enantioselectivities. Besides, the Cell@TiO2/Cu2O could be easily recycled and effectively reused. This work constructed bimetallic TiO2/Cu2O on cellulose as a newly catalyst to obtain chiral boron compounds in aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Haifeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chengpeng Fu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Weishuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Bojie Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Yang J, Liu D, Song X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Rao L, Fu L, Wang Z, Yang X, Li Y, Liu Y. Recent Progress of Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Photocatalysts and Their Applications. Gels 2022; 8:270. [PMID: 35621568 PMCID: PMC9141161 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of science and technology, photocatalytic technology is of great interest. Nanosized photocatalysts are easy to agglomerate in an aqueous solution, which is unfavorable for recycling. Therefore, hydrogel-based photocatalytic composites were born. Compared with other photocatalytic carriers, hydrogels have a three-dimensional network structure, high water absorption, and a controllable shape. Meanwhile, the high permeability of these composites is an effective way to promote photocatalysis technology by inhibiting nanoparticle photo corrosion, while significantly ensuring the catalytic activity of the photocatalysts. With the growing energy crisis and limited reserves of traditional energy sources such as oil, the attention of researchers was drawn to natural polymers. Like almost all abundant natural polymer compounds in the world, cellulose has the advantages of non-toxicity, degradability, and biocompatibility. It is used as a class of reproducible crude material for the preparation of hydrogel photocatalytic composites. The network structure and high hydroxyl active sites of cellulose-based hydrogels improve the adsorption performance of catalysts and avoid nanoparticle collisions, indirectly enhancing their photocatalytic performance. In this paper, we sum up the current research progress of cellulose-based hydrogels. After briefly discussing the properties and preparation methods of cellulose and its descendant hydrogels, we explore the effects of hydrogels on photocatalytic properties. Next, the cellulose-based hydrogel photocatalytic composites are classified according to the type of catalyst, and the research progress in different fields is reviewed. Finally, the challenges they will face are summarized, and the development trends are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaofang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yayang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Lu Rao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Lili Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-Power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (J.Y.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.R.); (L.F.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Luo Y, Xing L, Hu C, Zhang W, Lin X, Gu J. Facile synthesis of nanocellulose-based Cu 2O/Ag heterostructure as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate for trace dye detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:366-375. [PMID: 35192906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor metal-oxide/metal heterostructures with synergetic properties have potential applications in photocatalysis and optical sensors. Here, Cu2O sub-micro cubes were synthesized under environmentally benign conditions using 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpyperdine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Then the surface of the Cu2O cubes was decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by a substitution reaction. The Cu2O/Ag heterostructures within the cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) network were employed as a promising surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) assay for efficient sensing of methylene blue (MB), reaching a maximum enhancement factor (EF) of 4.0 × 104. Their SERS intensities depended on the coverage density of AgNPs and the wavelength of the excitation laser. The excellent SERS performance may result from the charge transfer between Ag and Cu2O molecules and the strong electromagnetic field at the interface. The CNF-Cu2O/Ag substrates were capable of detecting MB dye down to 10-8 M level with a relative standard deviation of 10-15%, demonstrating great sensitivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Luo
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lida Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Chuanshuang Hu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiuyi Lin
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jin Gu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Zheng ALT, Sabidi S, Ohno T, Maeda T, Andou Y. Cu 2O/TiO 2 decorated on cellulose nanofiber/reduced graphene hydrogel for enhanced photocatalytic activity and its antibacterial applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131731. [PMID: 34388866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis has gained attention as a viable wastewater remediation technique. However, the difficulty of recovering powder-based photocatalyst has often become a major limitation for their on-site practical application. Herein, we report on the successful in-situ preparation of a novel three-dimensional (3D) photocatalyst consisting of Cu2O/TiO2 loaded on a cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/reduced graphene hydrogel (rGH) via facile hydrothermal treatment and freeze-drying. The 3D macrostructure not only provides a template for the anchoring of Cu2O and TiO2 but also provides an efficient electron transport pathway for enhanced photocatalytic activity. The results showed that the Cu2O and TiO2 were uniformly loaded onto the aerogel framework resulting in the composites with large surface area with exposed actives sites. As compared to bare rGH, CNF/rGH, Cu2O/CNF/rGH and TiO2/CNF/rGH, the Cu2O/TiO2/CNF/rGH showed improved photocatalytic activity for methyl orange (MO) degradation. MO degradation pathway is proposed based on GC-MS analysis. The enhanced photoactivity can be attributed to the charge transfer and electron-hole separation from the synergistic effect of Cu2O/TiO2 anchored on CNF/rGH. In terms of their anti-bacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the synergistic effect of the Cu2O/TiO2 anchored on the CNF/rGH framework showed excellent activity towards the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Lim Teik Zheng
- Department of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Sarah Sabidi
- Department of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Ohno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, 804-8550, Japan
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan; Collaborative Research Centre for Green Materials on Environmental Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Yoshito Andou
- Department of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan; Collaborative Research Centre for Green Materials on Environmental Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan.
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Liu H, Pan B, Wang Q, Niu Y, Tai Y, Du X, Zhang K. Crucial roles of graphene oxide in preparing alginate/nanofibrillated cellulose double network composites hydrogels. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128240. [PMID: 33297187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel strategy to prepare sodium alginate (SA)/nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC) double network (DN) hydrogel beads with the aid of graphene oxide (GO) was developed. In comparison with the multi-step freezing-thawing method, this study employs a facile one-step freeze drying method with the presence of GO sheets. The crucial roles of GO were highlighted as an efficient nucleating agent of NFC and a reinforcer for the hydrogel. The adsorption property of the DN hydrogel towards crystal violet (CV) was also studied. Results indicated that the introduction of GO could greatly facilitate the formation of double networks. Furthermore, the as-prepared DN hydrogel beads exhibited an efficacious adsorption property towards CV. The maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogels for CV was observed as 665 mg g-1. Therefore, our approach here represents a facile method for the preparation of crystalline polymer based DN hydrogels to replace the awkward freezing-thawing process, giving inspiration for DN hydrogels design and preparation. Moreover, due to its efficient adsorption capacity, the hydrogels hold great promise for the water pollution control materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Bingli Pan
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Qianjie Wang
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yumiao Niu
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yuping Tai
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xigang Du
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Wu W, Xiao H. Methods and applications of nanocellulose loaded with inorganic nanomaterials: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115454. [PMID: 31826470 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose obtained from natural renewable resources has attracted enormous interests owing to its unique morphological characteristics, excellent mechanical strength, biocompatibility and biodegradability for a variety of applications in many fields. The template structure, high specific surface area, and active surface groups make it feasible to conduct surface modification and accommodate various nano-structured materials via physical or chemical deposition. The review presented herein focuses on the methodologies of loading different nano-structured materials on nanocellulose, including metals, nanocarbons, oxides, mineral salt, quantum dots and nonmetallic elements; and further describes the applications of nanocellulose composites in the fields of catalysis, optical electronic devices, biomedicine, sensors, composite reinforcement, photoswitching, flame retardancy, and oil/water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and information, National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
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Development of biodegradable semiconducting foam based on micro-fibrillated cellulose/Cu-NPs. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:351-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Xiaolin D, Zi W, Jinjing P, Wenli G, Qiao L, Lin L, Juming Y. High photocatalytic activity of Cu@Cu2O/RGO/cellulose hybrid aerogels as reusable catalysts with enhanced mass and electron transfer. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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