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Song Y, Singh A, Feroz MM, Xu S, Zhang F, Jin W, Kumar A, Azadi P, Metzger DW, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS. Seaweed-derived fucoidans and rhamnan sulfates serve as potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents with potential for prophylaxis. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122156. [PMID: 38710572 PMCID: PMC11157668 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Seaweeds represent a rich source of sulfated polysaccharides with similarity to heparan sulfate, a facilitator of myriad virus host cell attachment. For this reason, attention has been drawn to their antiviral activity, including the potential for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. We have identified and structurally characterized several fucoidan extracts, including those from different species of brown macroalga, and a rhamnan sulfate from a green macroalga species. A high molecular weight fucoidan extracted from Saccharina japonica (FSjRPI-27), and a rhamnan sulfate extracted from Monostroma nitidum (RSMn), showed potent competitive inhibition of spike glycoprotein receptor binding to a heparin-coated SPR chip. This inhibition was also observed in cell-based assays using hACE2 HEK-293 T cells infected by pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus with IC50 values <1 μg/mL. Effectiveness was demonstrated in vivo using hACE2-transgenic mice. Intranasal administration of FSjRPI-27 showed protection when dosed 6 h prior to and at infection, and then every 2 days post-infection, with 100 % survival and no toxicity at 104 plaque-forming units per mouse vs. buffer control. At 5-fold higher virus dose, FSjRPI-27 reduced mortality and yielded reduced viral titers in bronchioalveolar fluid and lung homogenates vs. buffer control. These findings suggest the potential application of seaweed-based sulfated polysaccharides as promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Song
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States of America
| | - Maisha M Feroz
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Shirley Xu
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zheijiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ambrish Kumar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Dennis W Metzger
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States of America
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America.
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2
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Chen X, Jiang T, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhao X, Yang H. Carrageenan-ferrocene-eicosapentaenoic acid composite hydrogel induce ferroptosis and apoptosis for anti-tumor recurrence and metastasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133942. [PMID: 39025181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The immune-suppressive microenvironment of solid tumors is a key factor limiting the effectiveness of immunotherapy, which seriously threatens human life and health. Ferroptosis and apoptosis are key cell-death pathways implicated in cancers, which can synergistically activate tumor immune responses. Here, we developed a multifunctional composite hydrogel (CE-Fc-Gel) based on the self-assembly of poloxamer 407, cystamine-linked ιota-carrageenan (CA)-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and ferrocene (Fc). CE-Fc-Gel improved targeting in tumor microenvironment due to its disulfide bonds. Moreover, CE-Fc-Gel promoted lipid peroxidation, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), inducing ferroptosis by the synergistic effect of Fc and EPA. CE-Fc-Gel induced apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD), thereby promoting dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and T cell infiltration. As a result, CE-Fc-Gel significantly inhibited primary and metastatic tumors in vivo. Our findings provide a novel strategy for enhancing tumor immunotherapy by combining apoptosis, ferroptosis, and ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China; State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Tianze Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yantao Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jianqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266042, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266042, China.
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3
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Mao Z, Yang L, Lv Y, Chen Y, Zhou M, Fang C, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding Z. A glucuronogalactomannan isolated from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg: Structure and immunomodulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121922. [PMID: 38494202 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A novel acidic glucuronogalactomannan (STHP-5) was isolated from the aboveground part of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg with a molecular weight of 3.225 × 105 kDa. Analysis of chain conformation showed STHP-5 was approximately a random coil chain. STHP-5 was composed mainly of galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid. Linkages of glycosides were measured via methylation analysis and verified by NMR. In vitro, STHP-5 induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and secretion of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells, indicating STHP-5 had stimulatory activity on macrophages. STHP-5 was proven to function as a TLR4 agonist by inducing the secretion of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) in HEK-Blue™-hTLR4 cells. The TLR4 activation capacity was quantitatively measured via EC50, and it showed purified polysaccharides had stronger effects (lower EC50) on activating TLR4 compared with crude polysaccharides. In conclusion, our findings suggest STHP-5 may be a novel immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Mao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yishan Lv
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chengnan Fang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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Caetano D, Junior LA, Carneiro J, Ducatti DRB, Gonçalves AG, Noseda MD, Duarte MER. Semisynthesis of new sulfated heterorhamnan derivatives obtained from green seaweed Gayralia brasiliensis and evaluation of their anticoagulant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131506. [PMID: 38604422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Marine green algae produce sulfated polysaccharides with diverse structures and a wide range of biological activities. This study aimed to enhance the biotechnological potential of sulfated heterorhamnan (Gb1) from Gayralia brasiliensis by chemically modifying it for improved or new biological functions. Using controlled Smith Degradation (GBS) and O-alkylation with 3-chloropropylamine, we synthesized partially water-soluble amine derivatives. GBS modification increase sulfate groups (29.3 to 37.5 %) and α-l-rhamnose units (69.9 to 81.2 mol%), reducing xylose and glucose, compared to Gb1. The backbone featured predominantly 3- and 2-linked α-l-rhamnosyl and 2,3- linked α-l-rhamnosyl units as branching points. Infrared and NMR analyses confirmed the substitution of hydroxyl groups with aminoalkyl groups. The modified compounds, GBS-AHCs and GBS-AHK, exhibited altered anticoagulant properties. GBS-AHCs showed reduced effectiveness in the APTT assay, while GBS-AHK maintained a similar anticoagulant activity level to Gb1 and GBS. Increased nitrogen content and N-alkylation in GBS-AHCs compared to GBS-AHK may explain their structural differences. The chemical modification proposed did not enhance its anticoagulant activity, possibly due to the introduction of amino groups and a positive charge to the polymer. This characteristic presents new opportunities for investigating the potential of these polysaccharides in various biological applications, such as antimicrobial and antitumoral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielly Caetano
- Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Lauri Alves Junior
- Pós-graduação em Ciências - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Carneiro
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Diogo R B Ducatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Miguel D Noseda
- Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eugênia R Duarte
- Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Ciências - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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5
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Wang Y, Guo X, Huang C, Shi C, Xiang X. Biomedical potency and mechanisms of marine polysaccharides and oligosaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131007. [PMID: 38508566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Derived from bountiful marine organisms (predominantly algae, fauna, and microorganisms), marine polysaccharides and marine oligosaccharides are intricate macromolecules that play a significant role in the growth and development of marine life. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to marine polysaccharides and marine oligosaccharides as auspicious natural products due to their promising biological attributes. Herein, we provide an overview of recent advances in the miscellaneous biological activities of marine polysaccharides and marine oligosaccharides that encompasses their anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-diabetes mellitus, and anticoagulant properties. Furthermore, we furnish a concise summary of the underlying mechanisms governing the behavior of these biological macromolecules. We hope that this review inspires research on marine polysaccharides and marine oligosaccharides in medicinal applications while offering fresh perspectives on their broader facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chunxiao Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Chuanqin Shi
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255020, China.
| | - Xinxin Xiang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255020, China.
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6
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Tang Y, Zhou M, Mao Z, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ye X, Chen Y, Ding Z. Structure of a polysaccharide MDP2-1 from Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. and its anti-inflammatory effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131015. [PMID: 38521298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharides derived from Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. was evaluated in pyretic mice and HEK-Blue™ hTLR4 cells. The testing led to the identification of MDP2-1, which was then investigated for its structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory effects. Results showed that MDP2-1 had a molecular weight of 29.234 kDa and primarily consisted of galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid. Its main backbone was composed of →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→, →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →3,4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→, →2,4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→, and its side chains were connected by →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, α-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, and α-L-Araf-(1→. In vivo experiments on mice demonstrated that MDP2-1 attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury, and in vitro experiments on RAW264.7 cells showed that MDP2-1 reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators and mitigated LPS-induced inflammatory damage by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4 downstream NF-κB/MAPK pathway. These findings suggest that MDP2-1 is a novel anti-inflammatory agent for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youying Tang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zian Mao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Wang S, Pang Z, Fan H, Tong Y. Advances in anti-EV-A71 drug development research. J Adv Res 2024; 56:137-156. [PMID: 37001813 PMCID: PMC10834817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is capable of causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which may lead to neurological sequelae and even death. As EV-A71 is resistant to environmental changes and mutates easily, there is still a lack of effective treatments or globally available vaccines. AIM OF REVIEW For more than 50 years since the HFMD epidemic, related drug research has been conducted. Progress in this area can promote the further application of existing potential drugs and develop more efficient and safe antiviral drugs, and provide useful reference for protecting the younger generation and maintaining public health security. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW At present, researchers have identified hundreds of EV-A71 inhibitors based on screening repurposed drugs, targeted structural design, and rational modification of previously effective drugs as the main development strategies. This review systematically introduces the current potential drugs to inhibit EV-A71 infection, including viral inhibitors targeting key sites such as the viral capsid, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), 2C protein, internal ribosome entry site (IRES), 3C proteinase (3Cpro), and 2A proteinase (2Apro), starting from each stage of the viral life cycle. Meanwhile, the progress of host-targeting antiviral drugs and their development are summarized in terms of regulating host immunity, inhibiting autophagy or apoptosis, and regulating the cellular redox environment. In addition, the current clinical methods for the prevention and treatment of HFMD are summarized and discussed with the aim of providing support and recommendations for the treatment of enterovirus infections including EV-A71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zehan Pang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
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8
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Wu H, Luo Q, Chen Y, Liao S, Chen H, Chen Y, Qin Y. Inhibiting mechanism of Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus polysaccharide 3 against the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Virology 2023; 587:109848. [PMID: 37499528 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes diarrhea, vomiting, and death in piglets. Our previous study has revealed the anti-PEDV activity of Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus polysaccharide 3 (AOFP3). However, it is still unknown whether AOFP3 can inhibit the replication of PEDV. Therefore, the effect of AOFP3 on PEDV replication was investigated in the present study, along with analysis of viral RdRp activity and expression of hnRNP A1 by RNA polymerase activity assay in vitro, RIP assay, and Western blotting. The results showed that both the PEDV gene and protein levels in IPEC-J2 cells decreased with AOFP3 treatment. In addition, AOFP3 significantly reduced PEDV's replication by down-regulating the activity of PEDV RdRp and reducing the expression of hnRNP A1, whereas only the bind of RdRp to PEDV 3'UTR was inhibited in AOFP3 treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Wu
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Luo
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Suya Liao
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Huricha Chen
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Yao Qin
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
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9
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Chi Y, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Nie X, Luo S. Preparation, structures, and biological functions of rhamnan sulfate from green seaweed of the genus Monostroma: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125964. [PMID: 37487994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnan sulfate, a rhamnose-rich sulfated polysaccharide, is present in the cell walls of green seaweed belonging to the genus Monostroma. This macromolecule demonstrates promising therapeutic properties, including anti-coagulant, thrombolytic, anti-viral, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory activities, which hold potential applications in food and medical industries. However, rhamnan sulfate has not garnered as much attention from researchers as other seaweed polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, and fucoidan. This review discusses the extraction and purification techniques of rhamnan sulfate, delves into its chemical structures and related elucidation approaches, and provides an overview of its biological functions. Future research should focus on the structure-activity relationship of rhamnan sulfate and the industrial preparation of rhamnan sulfate with a specific homogeneous structure to facilitate its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Chi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China.
| | - Yanhui Jiang
- Faculty of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Xiaobao Nie
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Si Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
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10
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Barbosa JR, de Fátima Henriques Lourenço L. Sulfated polysaccharides act as baits to interfere with the binding of the spike protein (SARS-CoV-2) to the ACE2 receptor and can be administered through food. J Funct Foods 2023; 104:105532. [PMID: 37035109 PMCID: PMC10073580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human civilization is experiencing a global crisis involving an unprecedented viral pandemic, with a high mortality rate, uncontrolled spread, and few effective drugs for treatment. Here, we critically evaluate how sulfated polysaccharides can be applied via foods to reduce the infectious process and increase the chances of an adequate immune response. The approach is directed to the infectious process by SARS-CoV-2 and protein S as a therapeutic focus. We discuss the antiviral activities of certain natural and specific sulfated polysaccharides that bind tightly to protein S. Finally, we identified that sulfated polysaccharides act as baits to interfere with the binding of the spike protein (SARS-CoV-2) to the ACE2 receptor and can be administered through food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatas Rodrigues Barbosa
- Institute of Technology (ITEC), Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá 66075-900, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Fátima Henriques Lourenço
- Institute of Technology (ITEC), Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá 66075-900, Belém, PA, Brazil
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11
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Yao H, Liu S, Liu T, Ren D, Yang Q, Zhou Z, Mao J. Screening of marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:172. [PMID: 37115432 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediments are one of the largest habitats on Earth, and their unique ecology, such as high salinity, high pressure, and hypoxia, may activate certain silent genes in marine microbes, resulting in microbes, enzymes, active products, and specific metabolic pathways that can adapt to these specific ecological environments. Marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites are of great significance and have potential commercial development prospects for food, pharmaceutical, chemical industries, agriculture, environmental protection and human nutrition and health. In recent years, although there have been numerous scientific reports surrounding marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites, a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking. This paper presents the development and renewal of traditional culture-dependent and omics analysis techniques and their application to the screening of marine sediment-derived microorganisms producing bioactive substances. It also highlights recent research advances in the last five years surrounding the types, functional properties and potential applications of bioactive metabolites produced by marine sediment-derived microorganisms. These bioactive metabolites mainly include antibiotics, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, sugars, proteins, peptides, and some other small molecule metabolites. In addition, the review ends with concluding remarks on the challenges and future directions for marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites. The review report not only helps to deepen the understanding of marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites, but also provides some useful information for the exploitation and utilization of marine microbial resources and the mining of new compounds with potential functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongliang Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qilin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Preparation methods, biological activities, and potential applications of marine algae oligosaccharides: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Sulfated Polysaccharides from Macroalgae-A Simple Roadmap for Chemical Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020399. [PMID: 36679279 PMCID: PMC9861475 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment presents itself as a treasure chest, full of a vast diversity of organisms yet to be explored. Among these organisms, macroalgae stand out as a major source of natural products due to their nature as primary producers and relevance in the sustainability of marine ecosystems. Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) are a group of polymers biosynthesized by macroalgae, making up part of their cell wall composition. Such compounds are characterized by the presence of sulfate groups and a great structural diversity among the different classes of macroalgae, providing interesting biotechnological and therapeutical applications. However, due to the high complexity of these macromolecules, their chemical characterization is a huge challenge, driving the use of complementary physicochemical techniques to achieve an accurate structural elucidation. This review compiles the reports (2016-2021) of state-of-the-art methodologies used in the chemical characterization of macroalgae SPs aiming to provide, in a simple way, a key tool for researchers focused on the structural elucidation of these important marine macromolecules.
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14
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Geng L, Zhang Q, Suo Q, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang C, Wu N. Inhibitory activity of a sulfated oligo-porphyran from Pyropia yezoensis against SARS-CoV-2. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120173. [PMID: 36876788 PMCID: PMC9523908 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread around the world at an unprecedented rate. A more homogeneous oligo-porphyran with mean molecular weight of 2.1 kD, named OP145, was separated from Pyropia yezoensis. NMR analysis showed OP145 was mainly composed of →3)-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-α-l-Gal (6S) repeating units with few replacement of 3,6-anhydride, and the molar ratio was 1:0.85:0.11. MALDI-TOF MS revealed OP145 contained mainly tetrasulfate-oligogalactan with Dp range from 4 to 10 and with no more than two 3,6-anhydro-α-l-Gal replacement. The inhibitory activity of OP145 against SARS-CoV-2 was investigated in vitro and in silico. OP145 could bind to Spike glycoprotein (S-protein) through SPR result, and pseudovirus tests confirmed that OP145 could inhibite the infection with an EC50 of 37.52 μg/mL. Molecular docking simulated the interaction between the main component of OP145 and S-protein. All the results indicated that OP145 had the potency to treat and prevent COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qishan Suo
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingxia Wang
- Public Technology Service Center, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Nantong Zhongke Marine Science and Technology Research and Development Center, Nantong, China.
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15
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Structural Characterization and Anti-Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Effect of High-Sulfated Ulva pertusa Polysaccharide. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010062. [PMID: 36678559 PMCID: PMC9865482 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The high-sulfated derivative of Ulva pertusa polysaccharide (HU), with unclear structure, has better anti-hyperlipidmia activity than U pertusa polysaccharide ulvan (U). In this study, we explore the main structure of HU and its therapeutic effect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main structure of HU was elucidated using FT-IR and NMR (13C, 1H, COSY, HSQC, HMBC). The anti-NAFLD activity of HU was explored using the high-fat diet mouse model to detect indicators of blood lipid and liver function and observe the pathologic changes in epididymal fat and the liver. Results showed that HU had these main structural fragments: →4)-β-D-Glcp(1→4)-α-L-Rhap2,3S(1→; →4)-α-L-Rhap3S(1→4)-β-D-Xylp2,3S(1→; →4)-α-L-Rhap3S(1→4)-β-D-Xylp(1→; →4)-α-L-IdopA3S(1→4)-α-L-Rhap3S(1→; →4)-β-D-GlcpA(1→3)-α-L-Rhap(1→; →4)-α-L-IdopA3S(1→4)-β-D-Glcp3Me(1→; →4)-β-D-Xylp2,3S(1→4)-α-L-IdopA3S(1→; and →4)-β-D-Xylp(1→4)-α-L-IdopA3S(1→. Treatment results indicated that HU markedly decreased levels of TC, LDL-C, TG, and AST. Furthermore, lipid droplets in the liver were reduced, and the abnormal enlargement of epididymal fat cells was suppressed. Thus, HU appears to have a protective effect on the development of NAFLD.
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16
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Kaur M, Kala S, Parida A, Bast F. Concise review of green algal genus Monostroma Thuret. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2022; 35:1-10. [PMID: 36320446 PMCID: PMC9607784 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-022-02854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monostroma (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyta) is the most intensively cultivated genus among green seaweeds, accounting for over 90% of total green algal cultivation. It is commonly found in the eulittoral zones of marine and estuarine habitats, thus contributing significantly to the ecology of the coastal ecosystem. Morphologically, the frond of Monostroma is blade-like with eponymous one-cell thickness; therefore, it is also known as "Slender sea lettuce". Monostroma nitidum is often used for salad ingredients, boiled tsukudani, soups, etc., due to its health benefits. Monostroma kuroshiense is commercially cultivated in East Asia and South America for the edible product "hitoegusa-nori" or "hirohano-hitoegusa nori", popular sushi wraps. This genus remains one of the well-studied seaweed genera for ecophysiology, habitat-dependent seasonality of its growth pattern, gametangial ontogeny and phylogenetics. Moreover, rhamnan sulfate (RS), a sulfated polysaccharide, is the main component of the fiber extracted from M. nitidum and studied for various biological activities. This review presents the taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, life history, distribution, ecology, physiology, cultivation and harvesting, chemical composition, and biotechnological applications of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401 India
| | - Swarna Kala
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401 India
| | - Aseema Parida
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401 India
| | - Felix Bast
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401 India
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17
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Zhang L, Liao W, Huang Y, Wen Y, Chu Y, Zhao C. Global seaweed farming and processing in the past 20 years. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSeaweed has emerged as one of the most promising resources due to its remarkable adaptability, short development period, and resource sustainability. It is an effective breakthrough to alleviate future resource crises. Algal resources have reached a high stage of growth in the past years due to the increased output and demand for seaweed worldwide. Several aspects global seaweed farming production and processing over the last 20 years are reviewed, such as the latest situation and approaches of seaweed farming. Research progress and production trend of various seaweed application are discussed. Besides, the challenges faced by seaweed farming and processing are also analyzed, and the related countermeasures are proposed, which can provide advice for seaweed farming and processing. The primary products, extraction and application, or waste utilization of seaweed would bring greater benefits with the continuous development and improvement of applications in various fields.
Graphical Abstract
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18
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Structural characteristics of native and chemically sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and their antimelanoma effects. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Immunomodulatory Effect of Polysaccharide from Fermented Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) on RAW 264.7 Macrophage and Balb/c Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131925. [PMID: 35804740 PMCID: PMC9266266 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the immunomodulatory effects of a polysaccharide fraction from fermented M. citrifolia L. (FMP) in RAW 264.7 macrophages and Balb/c mice. M. citrifolia was fermented for 72 h using Lactobacillus brevis; polysaccharides were extracted using ethanol precipitation. The RAW 264.7 cells exposed to FMP (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) for 24 h showed increased NO production, proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) release, and COX-2 and iNOS protein expression. FMP (100, 200 mg/kg) and deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA) (20 mg/kg) administered orally to Balb/c mice for 14 days upregulated NO production and NK cytotoxicity in abdominal cavity and spleen, respectively. Th1 and Th2 cytokines production and immune cell numbers increased in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), Peyer’s patches (PP), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Therefore, FMP containing DAA can be used as materials for health functional foods to enhance immune responses.
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20
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Structure and antiviral activity of a pectic polysaccharide from the root of Sanguisorba officinalis against enterovirus 71 in vitro/vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 281:119057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Huang W, Tan H, Nie S. Beneficial effects of seaweed-derived dietary fiber: Highlights of the sulfated polysaccharides. Food Chem 2022; 373:131608. [PMID: 34815114 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds and their derivatives are important bioresources of natural bioactive compounds. Nutritional studies indicate that dietary fibers derived from seaweeds have great beneficial potentials in human health and can be developed as functional food. Moreover, sulfated polysaccharides are more likely to be the main bioactive components which are widely distributed in various species of seaweeds including Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Chlorophyceae. The catabolism by gut microbiota of the seaweeds-derived dietary fibers (DFs) may be one of the pivotal pathways of their physiological functions. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the latest results of the physiological characteristics of seaweed-derived dietary fiber and highlighted the roles of sulfated polysaccharides in the potential regulatory mechanisms against disorders. Meanwhile, the effects of different types of seaweed-derived dietary fiber on gut microbiota were discussed. The analysis of the structure-function correlations and gut microbiota related mechanisms and will contribute to further better applications in food and biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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22
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Algal Metabolites Can Be an Immune Booster against COVID-19 Pandemic. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030452. [PMID: 35326102 PMCID: PMC8944855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The world has faced the challenges of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for the last two years, first diagnosed at the end of 2019 in Wuhan and widely distributed worldwide. As a result, the WHO has proclaimed the illness brought on by this virus to be a global pandemic. To combat COVID-19, researcher communities continuously develop and implement rapid diagnoses, safe and effective vaccinations and other alternative therapeutic procedures. However, synthetic drug-related side effects and high costs have piqued scientists’ interest in natural product-based therapies and medicines. In this regard, antiviral substances derived from natural resources and some medicines have seen a boom in popularity. For instance, algae are a rich source of compounds such as lectins and sulfated polysaccharides, which have potent antiviral and immunity-boosting properties. Moreover, Algae-derived compounds or metabolites can be used as antibodies and vaccine raw materials against COVID-19. Furthermore, some algal species can boost immunity, reduce viral activity in humans and be recommended for usage as a COVID-19 preventative measure. However, this field of study is still in its early stages of development. Therefore, this review addresses critical characteristics of algal metabolites, their antioxidant potential and therapeutic potential in COVID-19.
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23
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Glasson CRK, Luiten CA, Carnachan SM, Daines AM, Kidgell JT, Hinkley SFR, Praeger C, Andrade Martinez M, Sargison L, Magnusson M, de Nys R, Sims IM. Structural characterization of ulvans extracted from blade (Ulva ohnoi) and filamentous (Ulva tepida and Ulva prolifera) species of cultivated Ulva. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:571-579. [PMID: 34813787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ulvans from Ulva ohnoi, Ulva tepida and Ulva prolifera were extracted under mild acidic conditions, isolated and their composition and structure determined. The ulvans contained mostly rhamnose (31.6-46.7 mol%) and glucuronic acid (26.6-37.5 mol%), with smaller amounts of xylose (3.4-10.4 mol%) and iduronic acid (3.1-7.6 mol%). In addition, the ulvan samples also contained galactose (4.4-26.0 mol%). Glycosyl linkage analysis showed that ulvan from U. ohnoi contained mostly →4)-GlcpA-(1→ and →3,4)-Rhap-(1→. Preparation of partially methylated alditol acetate standards of idose showed that U. ohnoi contained →4)-IdopA-(1→. In addition to these residues, glycosyl linkage analysis of U. tepida and U. prolifera showed the presence of →2,3,4)-Rhap-(1→, →4)-Xylp-(1→, →2,4)-GlcpA-(1→ and →3,4)-GlcpA-(1→. These two species also contained galactose linkages. These data, together with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy indicated that U. ohnoi comprised mostly of type A3S ulvanobiuronic acid repeats [→4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap3S-(1→], together with smaller amounts of type B3S ulvanobiuronic acid repeats [→4)-α-L-IdopA-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap3S-(1→] and ulvanobiose (U3S [→4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap3S-(1→]). NMR spectra of U. tepida and U. prolifera showed resonances not detected in U. ohnoi, highlighting the complexity of the ulvans from these species. Regardless of the structural diversity of the ulvan samples there was very little antioxidant or inhibitory activity detected on enzymatic processes investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R K Glasson
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia; Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Cara A Luiten
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Alison M Daines
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Joel T Kidgell
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Christina Praeger
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia; Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Maria Andrade Martinez
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - Liam Sargison
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Marie Magnusson
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
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24
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Ray B, Ali I, Jana S, Mukherjee S, Pal S, Ray S, Schütz M, Marschall M. Antiviral Strategies Using Natural Source-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Major Human Pathogenic Viruses. Viruses 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 35062238 PMCID: PMC8781365 DOI: 10.3390/v14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a mere fraction of the huge variety of human pathogenic viruses can be targeted by the currently available spectrum of antiviral drugs. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has highlighted the urgent need for molecules that can be deployed quickly to treat novel, developing or re-emerging viral infections. Sulfated polysaccharides are found on the surfaces of both the susceptible host cells and the majority of human viruses, and thus can play an important role during viral infection. Such polysaccharides widely occurring in natural sources, specifically those converted into sulfated varieties, have already proved to possess a high level and sometimes also broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This antiviral potency can be determined through multifold molecular pathways, which in many cases have low profiles of cytotoxicity. Consequently, several new polysaccharide-derived drugs are currently being investigated in clinical settings. We reviewed the present status of research on sulfated polysaccharide-based antiviral agents, their structural characteristics, structure-activity relationships, and the potential of clinical application. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides involved in viral infection or in antiviral activity, respectively, are discussed, together with a focus on the emerging methodology contributing to polysaccharide-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saikat Pal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Polat S, Trif M, Rusu A, Šimat V, Čagalj M, Alak G, Meral R, Özogul Y, Polat A, Özogul F. Recent advances in industrial applications of seaweeds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-30. [PMID: 34875930 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2010646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds have been generally utilized as food and alternative medicine in different countries. They are specifically used as a raw material for wine, cheese, soup, tea, noodles, etc. In addition, seaweeds are potentially good resources of protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids and dietary fiber. The quality and quantity of biologically active compounds in seaweeds depend on season and harvesting period, seaweed geolocation as well as ecological factors. Seaweeds or their extracts have been studied as innovative sources for a variety of bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, carrageenan, fucoidan, etc. These secondary metabolites have been shown to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-obesity and anti-tumour properties. They have been used in pharmaceutical/medicine, and food industries since bioactive compounds from seaweeds are regarded as safe and natural. Therefore, this article provides up-to-date information on the applications of seaweed in different industries such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics, dermatology and agriculture. Further studies on innovative extraction methods, safety issue and health-promoting properties should be reconsidered. Moreover, the details of the molecular mechanisms of seaweeds and their bioactive compounds for physiological activities are to be clearly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Polat
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Monica Trif
- Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (CENTIV) GmbH, Syke, Germany
| | - Alexandru Rusu
- CENCIRA Agrofood Research and Innovation Centre, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Raciye Meral
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Yesim Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Abdurahman Polat
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Wang S, Xu X, Sun C, Zhang J, He X, Zhang Z, Huang H, Yan J, Jin W, Mao G. Sulphated glucuronomannan tetramer and hexamer from Sargassum thunbergii exhibit anti-human cytomegalovirus activity by blocking viral entry. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118510. [PMID: 34560939 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a major public health burden worldwide. The anti-HCMV activity of glucuronomannan oligosaccharides (Gs) and sulphated glucuronomannan oligosaccharides (SGs) was investigated. Among these Gs and SGs, G4S1 and G6S1 (higher sulphated glucuronomannan tetramer and hexamer) showed satisfactory anti-HCMV activity starting at 50 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the morphology, western blotting, qPCR and TCID50 assay showed that they prevented lytic cytopathic changes, inhibited the expression of IE1/2 and UL44, and reduced the UL123 copy number and virus titre significantly. It was interesting to note that degree of sulphation and polymerization was more important for anti-HCMV activity. Moreover, the anti-HCMV activities of G4S1 and G6S1 were stable when stored at 4 °C, -20 °C, and -80 °C for at least three months and mainly occurred in the early stage of HCMV infection through the negative charge of the sulphate groups and the interaction between SGs and the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanying Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Chuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Xinyue He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Hong Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China.
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China.
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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Rhamnan Sulfate from Monostroma nitidum. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120685. [PMID: 34940684 PMCID: PMC8707894 DOI: 10.3390/md19120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major human health concern. The pathogen responsible for COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), invades its host through the interaction of its spike (S) protein with a host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In addition to ACE2, heparan sulfate (HS) on the surface of host cells also plays a significant role as a co-receptor. Our previous studies demonstrated that sulfated glycans, such as heparin and fucoidans, show anti-COVID-19 activities. In the current study, rhamnan sulfate (RS), a polysaccharide with a rhamnose backbone from a green seaweed, Monostroma nitidum, was evaluated for binding to the S-protein from SARS-CoV-2 and inhibition of viral infectivity in vitro. The structural characteristics of RS were investigated by determining its monosaccharide composition and performing two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. RS inhibition of the interaction of heparin, a highly sulfated HS, with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (from wild type and different mutant variants) was studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In competitive binding studies, the IC50 of RS against the S-protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binding to immobilized heparin was 1.6 ng/mL, which is much lower than the IC50 for heparin (~750 ng/mL). RS showed stronger inhibition than heparin on the S-protein RBD or pseudoviral particles binding to immobilized heparin. Finally, in an in vitro cell-based assay, RS showed strong antiviral activities against wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the delta variant.
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Effect of high-pressure ultrasonic extraction on structural characterization and biological activities of polysaccharide from ginger stems and leaves. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Potential Antiviral Properties of Industrially Important Marine Algal Polysaccharides and Their Significance in Fighting a Future Viral Pandemic. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091817. [PMID: 34578399 PMCID: PMC8473461 DOI: 10.3390/v13091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, the world has witnessed diverse virus associated pandemics. The significant inhibitory effects of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2 shows its therapeutic potential in future biomedical applications and drug development. Algal polysaccharides exhibited significant role in antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidative, antiviral, anticoagulant, antihepatotoxic and immunomodulating activities. Owing to their health benefits, the sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae are a great deal of interest globally. Algal polysaccharides such as agar, alginate, carrageenans, porphyran, fucoidan, laminaran and ulvans are investigated for their nutraceutical potential at different stages of infection processes, structural diversity, complexity and mechanism of action. In this review, we focus on the recent antiviral studies of the marine algae-based polysaccharides and their potential towards antiviral medicines.
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Chen X, Wang Z, Kan J. Polysaccharides from ginger stems and leaves: Effects of dual and triple frequency ultrasound assisted extraction on structural characteristics and biological activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Mazepa E, Noseda MD, Ferreira LG, de Carvalho MM, Gonçalves AG, Ducatti DRB, de L Bellan D, Gomes RP, da S Trindade E, Franco CRC, Pellizzari FM, Winnischofer SMB, Duarte MER. Chemical structure of native and modified sulfated heterorhamnans from the green seaweed Gayralia brasiliensis and their cytotoxic effect on U87MG human glioma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:710-721. [PMID: 34310994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble sulfated heterorhamnan (Gb1) was isolated from the green seaweed Gayralia brasiliensis and purified by ultrafiltration, yielding a homogeneous polysaccharide (Gb1r). Both fractions contained rhamnose, xylose, galacturonic and glucuronic acids, galactose, and glucose. Chemical and spectroscopic methods allowed the determination of Gb1 and Gb1r chemical structure. Their backbones were constituted by 3-, 2-, and 2,3-linked rhamnosyl units (1:0.49:0.13 and 1:0.58:0.17, respectively), which are unsulfated (13.5 and 14.6%), disulfated (16.6 and 17.8%) or monosulfated at C-2 (8 and 8.6%) and C-4 (24.5 and 23.4%). Gb1 was oversulfated giving rise to Gb1-OS, which presented ~2.5-fold higher content of disulfated rhamnosyl units than Gb1, as determined by methylation analyses and NMR spectroscopy. Gb1 and Gb1-OS potently reduced the viability of U87MG human glioblastoma cells. Gb1 caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, increased annexin V-stained cells, and no DNA fragmentation, while Gb1-OS increased the percentage of cells in the S and G2 phases and the levels of fragmented DNA and cells double-stained with annexin V/propidium iodide, suggesting an apoptosis mechanism. The results suggest that the different effects of Gb1 and Gb1-OS were related to differences in the sulfate content and position of these groups along the polysaccharide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Mazepa
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Miguel D Noseda
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Luciana G Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana M de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo R B Ducatti
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Daniel de L Bellan
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Brazil
| | - Rafaela P Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo da S Trindade
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, UFPR, Brazil
| | - Célia R C Franco
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, UFPR, Brazil
| | - Franciane M Pellizzari
- Phycology and Marine Water Quality Laboratory, Paraná State University (UNESPAR), Campus Paranaguá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sheila M B Winnischofer
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Brazil.
| | - Maria E R Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Nigam S, Singh R, Bhardwaj SK, Sami R, Nikolova MP, Chavali M, Sinha S. Perspective on the Therapeutic Applications of Algal Polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 30:785-809. [PMID: 34305487 PMCID: PMC8294233 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-021-02231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Algae are an enormous source of polysaccharides and have gained much interest in human flourishing as organic drugs. Algal polysaccharides have aroused interest in the health sector owing to the various bioactivities namely anticancer, antiviral, immunoregulation, antidiabetic and antioxidant effects. The research community has comprehensively described the importance of algal polysaccharides regarding their extraction, purification, and potential use in various sectors. However, regardless of all the intriguing properties and potency in the health sector, these algal polysaccharides deserve detailed investigation. Hence, the present review emphasizes extensively on the previous and latest developments in the extraction, purification, structural properties and therapeutic bioactivities of algal polysaccharides to upgrade the knowledge for further advancement in this area of research. Moreover, the review also addresses the challenges, prospective research gaps and future perspective. We believe this review can provide a boost to upgrade the traditional methods of algal polysaccharide production for the development of efficacious drugs that will promote human welfare. Graphic Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Nigam
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201 313 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sheetal Kaushik Bhardwaj
- Vant Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rokkayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria P. Nikolova
- Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Ruse “A. Kanchev”, 8 Studentska Str, 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria
| | - Murthy Chavali
- Nano Technology Research Centre (NTRC), MCETRC, and Aarshanano Composite Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522 201 India
| | - Surbhi Sinha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 Uttar Pradesh India
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Reynolds D, Huesemann M, Edmundson S, Sims A, Hurst B, Cady S, Beirne N, Freeman J, Berger A, Gao S. Viral inhibitors derived from macroalgae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria: A review of antiviral potential throughout pathogenesis. ALGAL RES 2021; 57:102331. [PMID: 34026476 PMCID: PMC8128986 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are abiotic obligate parasites utilizing complex mechanisms to hijack cellular machinery and reproduce, causing multiple harmful effects in the process. Viruses represent a growing global health concern; at the time of writing, COVID-19 has killed at least two million people around the world and devastated global economies. Lingering concern regarding the virus' prevalence yet hampers return to normalcy. While catastrophic in and of itself, COVID-19 further heralds in a new era of human-disease interaction characterized by the emergence of novel viruses from natural sources with heretofore unseen frequency. Due to deforestation, population growth, and climate change, we are encountering more viruses that can infect larger groups of people with greater ease and increasingly severe outcomes. The devastation of COVID-19 and forecasts of future human/disease interactions call for a creative reconsideration of global response to infectious disease. There is an urgent need for accessible, cost-effective antiviral (AV) drugs that can be mass-produced and widely distributed to large populations. Development of AV drugs should be informed by a thorough understanding of viral structure and function as well as human biology. To maximize efficacy, minimize cost, and reduce development of drug-resistance, these drugs would ideally operate through a varied set of mechanisms at multiple stages throughout the course of infection. Due to their abundance and diversity, natural compounds are ideal for such comprehensive therapeutic interventions. Promising sources of such drugs are found throughout nature; especially remarkable are the algae, a polyphyletic grouping of phototrophs that produce diverse bioactive compounds. While not much literature has been published on the subject, studies have shown that these compounds exert antiviral effects at different stages of viral pathogenesis. In this review, we follow the course of viral infection in the human body and evaluate the AV effects of algae-derived compounds at each stage. Specifically, we examine the AV activities of algae-derived compounds at the entry of viruses into the body, transport through the body via the lymph and blood, infection of target cells, and immune response. We discuss what is known about algae-derived compounds that may interfere with the infection pathways of SARS-CoV-2; and review which algae are promising sources for AV agents or AV precursors that, with further investigation, may yield life-saving drugs due to their diversity of mechanisms and exceptional pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daman Reynolds
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Michael Huesemann
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Scott Edmundson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Amy Sims
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brett Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sherry Cady
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Beirne
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Freeman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Adam Berger
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
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Andrew M, Jayaraman G. Marine sulfated polysaccharides as potential antiviral drug candidates to treat Corona Virus disease (COVID-19). Carbohydr Res 2021; 505:108326. [PMID: 34015720 PMCID: PMC8091805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has increased the mortality rate and engaged several adverse effects on the affected individuals. Currently available antiviral drugs have found to be unsuccessful in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The demand for efficient antiviral drugs has created a huge burden on physicians and health workers. Plasma therapy seems to be less accomplishable due to insufficient donors to donate plasma and low recovery rate from viral infection. Repurposing of antivirals has been evolved as a suitable strategy in the current treatment and preventive measures. The concept of drug repurposing represents new experimental approaches for effective therapeutic benefits. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits several complications such as lung damage, blood clot formation, respiratory illness and organ failures in most of the patients. Based on the accumulation of data, sulfated marine polysaccharides have exerted successful inhibition of virus entry, attachment and replication with known or unknown possible mechanisms against deadly animal and human viruses so far. Since the virus entry into the host cells is the key process, the prevention of such entry mechanism makes any antiviral strategy effective. Enveloped viruses are more sensitive to polyanions than non-enveloped viruses. Besides, the viral infection caused by RNA virus types embarks severe oxidative stress in the human body that leads to malfunction of tissues and organs. In this context, polysaccharides play a very significant role in providing shielding effect against the virus due to their polyanionic rich features and a molecular weight that hinders their reactive surface glycoproteins. Significantly the functional groups especially sulfate, sulfate pattern and addition, uronic acids, monosaccharides, glycosidic linkage and high molecular weight have greater influence in the antiviral activity. Moreover, they are very good antioxidants that can reduce the free radical generation and provokes intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, polysaccharides enable a host-virus immune response, activate phagocytosis and stimulate interferon systems. Therefore, polysaccharides can be used as candidate drugs, adjuvants in vaccines or combination with other antivirals, antioxidants and immune-activating nutritional supplements and antiviral materials in healthcare products to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monic Andrew
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kuznetsova TA, Andryukov BG, Makarenkova ID, Zaporozhets TS, Besednova NN, Fedyanina LN, Kryzhanovsky SP, Shchelkanov MY. The Potency of Seaweed Sulfated Polysaccharides for the Correction of Hemostasis Disorders in COVID-19. Molecules 2021; 26:2618. [PMID: 33947107 PMCID: PMC8124591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemostasis disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and outcome of COVID-19. First of all, the hemostasis system suffers due to a complicated and severe course of COVID-19. A significant number of COVID-19 patients develop signs of hypercoagulability, thrombocytopenia, and hyperfibrinolysis. Patients with severe COVID-19 have a tendency toward thrombotic complications in the venous and arterial systems, which is the leading cause of death in this disease. Despite the success achieved in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the search for new effective anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and fibrinolytics, as well as their optimal dose strategies, continues to be relevant. The wide therapeutic potential of seaweed sulfated polysaccharides (PSs), including anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and fibrinolytic activities, opens up new possibilities for their study in experimental and clinical trials. These natural compounds can be important complementary drugs for the recovery from hemostasis disorders due to their natural origin, safety, and low cost compared to synthetic drugs. In this review, the authors analyze possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the hemostasis disorders observed in the pathological progression of COVID-19, and also focus the attention of researchers on seaweed PSs as potential drugs aimed to correction these disorders in COVID-19 patients. Modern literature data on the anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and fibrinolytic activities of seaweed PSs are presented, depending on their structural features (content and position of sulfate groups on the main chain of PSs, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and type of glycosidic bonds, the degree of PS chain branching, etc.). The mechanisms of PS action on the hemostasis system and the issues of oral bioavailability of PSs, important for their clinical use as oral anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents, are considered. The combination of the anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and fibrinolytic properties, along with low toxicity and relative cheapness of production, open up prospects for the clinical use of PSs as alternative sources of new anticoagulant and antithrombotic compounds. However, further investigation and clinical trials are needed to confirm their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (I.D.M.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Boris G. Andryukov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (I.D.M.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Ilona D. Makarenkova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (I.D.M.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (I.D.M.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Natalya N. Besednova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (I.D.M.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Ludmila N. Fedyanina
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky
- Medical Association of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Yu. Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (I.D.M.); (T.S.Z.); (N.N.B.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Federal Scientific Center of the Eastern Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
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Li P, Yan Z, Chen Y, He P, Yang W. Analysis of monosaccharide composition of water-soluble polysaccharides from Codium fragile by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1452-1460. [PMID: 33533562 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Codium fragile is a green alga belonging to Codiales family. The sulfated polysaccharides of this alga have anti-coagulation, antiviral, anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory properties. In this study, we developed a reliable and rapid method for the analysis of 10 monosaccharides using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the negative electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. Monosaccharides, including two pentoses (xylose, arabinose); two deoxyhexoses (rhamnose, fucose); three hexoses (mannose, glucose, galactose); two hexuronic acids (glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid), and an N-acetyl-hexosamine (glucosamine), were derivatized using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and simultaneously analyzed within 9 min. Optimization of the derivatization process, especially by using various 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone concentrations, was studied. The calibration curves showed good linearity with a squared correlation coefficient > 0.995. The spiked recovery was determined to be 91.1-105.7% with the relative intra-day and inter-day standard deviations ranging from 2.58-6.71% and 3.15-7.67%, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for all 10 monosaccharides ranged from 0.02 to 0.10 μg/mL and 0.05 to 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. Using this method, the monosaccharides comprising the polysaccharides of Codium fragile were determined to be arabinose, galactose, and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyong Yan
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei He
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
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Ma Y, Zhang Q, Liu W, Chen Z, Zou C, Fu L, Wang Y, Liu Y. Preventive Effect of Depolymerized Sulfated Galactans from Eucheuma serra on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Caused Diarrhea via Modulating Intestinal Flora in Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:80. [PMID: 33535475 PMCID: PMC7912752 DOI: 10.3390/md19020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the preventive effect of depolymerized sulfated polysaccharides from Eucheuma serra (DESP) on bacterial diarrhea by regulating intestinal flora was investigated in vivo. Based on the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-infected mouse diarrhea model, DESP at doses ranging from 50 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg alleviated weight loss and decreased the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index. Serological tests showed that the levels of inflammation-related factors were effectively suppressed. Furthermore, the repaired intestinal mucosa was verified by morphology and pathological tissue section observations. Compared with the model group, the richness and diversity of the intestinal flora in the DESP group increased according to the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of the gut microbiota. Specifically, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased, and Proteobacteria decreased after DESP administration. At the family level, DESP effectively improved the abundance of Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, while significantly inhibiting the growth of Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, the antimicrobial diarrhea function of DESP may be related to the regulation of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.C.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.C.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.C.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhaohua Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.C.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chao Zou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.C.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Linglin Fu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Yanbo Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.C.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.)
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Yixiang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (W.L.); (Z.C.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Barbosa JR, de Carvalho Junior RN. Polysaccharides obtained from natural edible sources and their role in modulating the immune system: Biologically active potential that can be exploited against COVID-19. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 108:223-235. [PMID: 33424125 PMCID: PMC7781518 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global crisis caused by the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, better known as COVID-19, brought the need to improve the population's immunity. The foods rich in polysaccharides with immunomodulation properties are among the most highly rated to be used as immune response modulators. Thus, the use of polysaccharides obtained from food offers an innovative strategy to prevent serious side effects of viral infections. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review revisits the current studies on the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, its characteristics, target cell interactions, and the possibility of using polysaccharides from functional foods as activators of the immune response. Several natural foods are explored for the possibility of being used to obtain polysaccharides with immunomodulatory potential. And finally, we address expectations for the use of polysaccharides in the development of potential therapies and vaccines. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The negative consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic across the world are unprecedented, thousands of lives lost, increasing inequalities, and incalculable economic losses. On the other hand, great scientific advances have been made regarding the understanding of the disease and forms of treatment. Polysaccharides, due to their characteristics, have the potential to be used as potential drugs with the ability to modulate the immune response. In addition, they can be used safely, as they have no toxic effects, are biocompatible and biodegradable. Finally, these biopolymers can still be used in the development of new therapies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatas Rodrigues Barbosa
- LABEX/FEA (Extraction Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Para), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, PA, Brazil
- LABTECS (Supercritical Technology Laboratory), PCT-Guamá (Guamá Science and Technology Park), UFPA (Federal University of Para), Avenida Perimetral da Ciência km 01,Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-750, Brazil
| | - Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior
- LABEX/FEA (Extraction Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Para), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, PA, Brazil
- LABTECS (Supercritical Technology Laboratory), PCT-Guamá (Guamá Science and Technology Park), UFPA (Federal University of Para), Avenida Perimetral da Ciência km 01,Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-750, Brazil
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Farid AH, Smith NJ. Dietary supplementation of Ascophylum nodosum improved kidney function of mink challenged with Aleutian mink disease virus. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:465. [PMID: 33256708 PMCID: PMC7706252 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed additives which can ease the negative effects of infection by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) are of interest to mink farmers. The effects of kelp meal (Ascophylum nodosum) supplementation on immune response, virus replication and blood parameters of mink inoculated with AMDV were assessed. AMDV-free black mink (n = 75) were intranasally inoculated with a local strain of AMDV and fed a commercial pellet supplemented with kelp meal at the rates of 1.5% or 0.75% of the feed or were kept as controls (no kelp) for 451 days. Blood was collected on days 0 (pre-inoculation), 31, 56, 99, 155, 366 and 451 post-inoculation (dpi). RESULTS No significant difference was observed among the treatments for the proportion of animals positive for antibodies against the virus measured by the counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), viremia measured by PCR, antibody titer measured by quantitative ELISA, total serum protein measured by a refractometer or elevated levels of gamma globulin measured by iodine agglutination test at the sampling occasions. At the termination of the experiment on 451 dpi, there were no differences among treatments for antibody titer measured by CIEP, total serum protein, albumin, globulins, albumin:globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and proportions of PCR positive spleen, lymph node or bone marrow samples, but blood urea nitrogen and creatine levels were significantly lower in the 1.5% kelp supplemented group than in the controls. CONCLUSION Kelp supplementation improved kidney function of mink infected with AMDV with no effect on liver function, immune response to infection by AMDV or virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hossain Farid
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Nancy J. Smith
- Perennia Food and Agriculture, Bible Hill, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5 Canada
- Present Address: Farm Credit Canada, 332 Willow St, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5A5 Canada
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Bhatt A, Arora P, Prajapati SK. Can Algal Derived Bioactive Metabolites Serve as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Like Viral Infection? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596374. [PMID: 33262750 PMCID: PMC7686535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhatt
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Pratham Arora
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Riccio G, Ruocco N, Mutalipassi M, Costantini M, Zupo V, Coppola D, de Pascale D, Lauritano C. Ten-Year Research Update Review: Antiviral Activities from Marine Organisms. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071007. [PMID: 32645994 PMCID: PMC7407529 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet and are characterized by huge taxonomic and chemical diversity of marine organisms. Several studies have shown that marine organisms produce a variety of compounds, derived from primary or secondary metabolism, which may have antiviral activities. In particular, certain marine metabolites are active towards a plethora of viruses. Multiple mechanisms of action have been found, as well as different targets. This review gives an overview of the marine-derived compounds discovered in the last 10 years. Even if marine organisms produce a wide variety of different compounds, there is only one compound available on the market, Ara-A, and only another one is in phase I clinical trials, named Griffithsin. The recent pandemic emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19, highlights the need to further invest in this field, in order to shed light on marine compound potentiality and discover new drugs from the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Riccio
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Nadia Ruocco
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Mirko Mutalipassi
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Maria Costantini
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Daniela Coppola
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5833-221
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Marine Algae Polysaccharides as Basis for Wound Dressings, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Engineering: A Review. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8070481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review considers the physicochemical and biological properties of polysaccharides (PS) from brown, red, and green algae (alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans, and ulvans) used in the latest technologies of regenerative medicine (tissue engineering, modulation of the drug delivery system, and the design of wound dressing materials). Information on various types of modern biodegradable and biocompatible PS-based wound dressings (membranes, foams, hydrogels, nanofibers, and sponges) is provided; the results of experimental and clinical trials of some dressing materials in the treatment of wounds of various origins are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the ability of PS to form hydrogels, as hydrogel dressings meet the basic requirements set out for a perfect wound dressing. The current trends in the development of new-generation PS-based materials for designing drug delivery systems and various tissue-engineering scaffolds, which makes it possible to create human-specific tissues and develop target-oriented and personalized regenerative medicine products, are also discussed.
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Jin W, He X, Long L, Fang Q, Wei B, Sun J, Zhang W, Wang H, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Structural characterization and anti-lung cancer activity of a sulfated glucurono-xylo-rhamnan from Enteromorpha prolifera. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116143. [PMID: 32241440 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A sulfated glucurono-xylo-rhamnan (EP-3-H) was purified from a green alga, Enteromorpha prolifera. EP-3-H and its oligomers were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and one and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resource spectroscopy. The structural analysis showed EP-3-H has a backbone of glucurono-xylo-rhamnan, branches with glucuronic acid and sulfated at C3 of rhamnose and/or C2 of xylose. The inhibition of EP-3-H on human lung cancer A549 cell proliferation in vitro and its therapeutic effects in BALB/c-nu mice in vivo were determined to evaluate the anti-lung cancer activity of EP-3-H. The tumor inhibition level was 59 %, suggesting that EP-3-H might be a good candidate for the treatment of lung cancer. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies revealed the IC50 on the binding of fibroblast growth factors, (FGF1 and FGF2), to heparin were 0.85 and 1.47 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that EP-3-H inhibits cancer proliferation by interacting with these growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Xinyue He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Liufei Long
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiufu Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiadong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA; Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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Biological Activities of Rhamnan Sulfate Extract from the Green Algae Monostroma nitidum (Hitoegusa). Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040228. [PMID: 32344720 PMCID: PMC7230702 DOI: 10.3390/md18040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monostroma nitidum is a green single-cell layered algae that grows on the southwest coast of Japan. It is often used for salad ingredients, boiled tsukudani, soups, etc., due to its health benefits. M. nitidum is composed of many cell aggregates, and the various substances that fill the intercellular space are dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals. Rhamnan sulfate (RS), a sulfated polysaccharide, is main the component of the fiber extracted from M. nitidum. Recently, some biological properties of RS have been demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies that probably protect human subjects from viruses and ameliorate vascular dysfunction caused by metabolic disorders, especially lifestyle-related diseases. In this review, we focus on the antithrombotic effects of RS and introduce its antiviral and other biological activities.
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Bhatt A, Arora P, Prajapati SK. Can Algal Derived Bioactive Metabolites Serve as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Like Viral Infection? Front Microbiol 2020. [PMID: 33262750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb2020596374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhatt
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Pratham Arora
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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