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Cui X, Fu Z, Wang H, Yu W, Han F. Cloning and characterization of a hyaluronate lyase EsHyl8 from Escherichia sp. A99. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 223:106551. [PMID: 38997076 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase, an enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid (HA), is utilized in clinical settings to facilitate drug diffusion, manage extravasation, and address injection-related complications linked to HA-based fillers. In this study, a novel hyaluronate lyase EsHyl8 was cloned, expressed, and characterized from Escherichia sp. A99 of human intestinal origin. This lyase belongs to polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 8, and showed specific activity towards HA. EsHyl8 exhibited optimal degradation at 40 °C and pH 6.0. EsHyl8 exhibited a high activity of 376.32 U/mg among hyaluronidases of human gut microorganisms. EsHyl8 was stable at 37 °C and remained about 70 % of activity after incubation at 37 °C for 24 h, demonstrating excellent thermostability. The activity of EsHyl8 was inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and SDS. EsHyl8 was an endo-type enzyme whose end-product was unsaturated disaccharide. This study enhances our understanding of hyaluronidases from human gut microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Cui
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hainan Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wengong Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Feng Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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2
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Fu Y, Fu Z, Yu J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang X, Yu W, Han F. Biochemical Characterization of Hyaluronate Lyase CpHly8 from an Intestinal Microorganism Clostridium perfringens G1121. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-05025-y. [PMID: 39235659 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-05025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important component of extracellular matrices (ECM) and a linear polysaccharide involved in various physiological and pathological processes within the biological system. Several pathogens exploit HA degradation within the extracellular matrix to facilitate infection. While many intestinal microorganisms play significant roles in HA utilization in the human body, there remains a scarcity of related studies. This paper addressed this gap by screening intestinal microorganisms capable of degrading HA, resulting in the isolation of Clostridium perfringens G1121, which had been demonstrated the ability to degrade HA. Subsequent genome sequencing and analysis of C. perfringens G1121 revealed its utilization of the polysaccharide utilization loci of HA (PULHA), which was obtained by horizontal gene transfer. The PULHA contains a sequence encoding a hyaluronic acid-specific degradation enzyme designated CpHly8, belonging to polysaccharide lyase family 8. The specific activity of CpHly8 towards HA was 142.98 U/mg, with the optimum reaction temperature and pH observed at 50℃ and 6.0, respectively. The final product of HA degradation by CpHly8 was unsaturated hyaluronic acid disaccharide. Moreover, subcutaneous diffusion experiments with trypan blue in mice revealed that CpHly8 effectively promoted subcutaneous diffusion and sustained its effects long-term, suggesting its potential application as an adjunct in drug delivery. Overall, our study enriches our understanding of intestinal microbial degradation of HA, provides new evidence for horizontal gene transfer among intestinal microorganisms, and confirms that CpHly8 is a promising candidate for intestinal microbial hyaluronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Fu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hainan Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wengong Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Feng Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Ye Z, Yu L, Zhang C, Gao Y, Zhao J, Narbad A, Chen W, Zhai Q, Tian F. Modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites by Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides during in vitro human fecal fermentation: Unveiling Bacteroides as a potential primary degrader. Food Chem 2024; 450:139309. [PMID: 38631200 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes, a widely cultivated species of edible fungus, exhibits diverse functional activities attributed to its polysaccharides. In this study, we employed an in vitro model to investigate the impact of F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVP) fermentation on gut microbiota, with a particular focus on Bacteroides. FVP fermentation resulted in the proliferation of microbiota associated with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism and suppression of Escherichia-Shigella. Bacteroides emerged as potential primary degraders of FVP, with species-level analysis identifying the preference of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. intestinalis in FVP degradation. Metabolomics analysis revealed significant increases in hypoxanthine and 7-methyladenine contents, with histidine metabolism emerging as the most enriched pathway. B. nordii and B. xylanisolvens exhibited the most influence on amino acid and SCFA metabolism. Understanding the mechanisms by which gut microbiota metabolize FVP can provide valuable insights into the potential of FVP to promote intestinal health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Chuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuhang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Arjan Narbad
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Gut Health and Microbiome Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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4
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Fang Z, Ma M, Wang Y, Dai W, Shang Q, Yu G. Degradation and fermentation of hyaluronic acid by Bacteroides spp. from the human gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122074. [PMID: 38553207 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bacteroides spp. are prominent members of the human gut microbiota that play critical roles in the metabolism of complex carbohydrates from the daily diet. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a multifunctional polysaccharide which has been extensively used in the food and biomedical industry. However, how HA is degraded and fermented by Bacteroides spp. has not been fully characterized. Here, we comprehensively investigated the detailed degradation profiles and fermentation characteristics of four different HAs with discrete molecular weight (Mw) by fourteen distinctive Bacteroides spp. from the human gut microbiota. Our results indicated that high-Mw HAs were more degradable and fermentable than low-Mw HAs. Interestingly, B. salyersiae showed the best degrading capability for both high-Mw and low-Mw HAs, making it a keystone species for HA degradation among Bacteroides spp.. Specifically, HA degradation by B. salyersiae produced significant amounts of unsaturated tetrasaccharide (udp4). Co-culture experiments indicated that the produced udp4 could be further fermented and utilized by non-proficient HA-degraders, suggesting a possible cross-feeding interaction in the utilization of HA within the Bacteroides spp.. Altogether, our study provides novel insights into the metabolism of HA by the human gut microbiota, which has considerable implications for the development of new HA-based nutraceuticals and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mingfeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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5
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Dong J, Cui Y, Qu X. Metabolism mechanism of glycosaminoglycans by the gut microbiota: Bacteroides and lactic acid bacteria: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121905. [PMID: 38431412 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as a class of biopolymers, play pivotal roles in various biological metabolisms such as cell signaling, tissue development, cell apoptosis, immune modulation, and growth factor activity. They are mainly present in the colon in free forms, which are essential for maintaining the host's health by regulating the colonization and proliferation of gut microbiota. Therefore, it is important to explain the specific members of the gut microbiota for GAGs' degradation and their enzymatic machinery in vivo. This review provides an outline of GAGs-utilizing entities in the Bacteroides, highlighting their polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) and the enzymatic machinery involved in chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparin (Hep)/heparan sulfate (HS). While there are some variations in GAGs' degradation among different genera, we analyze the reputed GAGs' utilization clusters in lactic acid bacteria (LAB), based on recent studies on GAGs' degradation. The enzymatic machinery involved in Hep/HS and CS metabolism within LAB is also discussed. Thus, to elucidate the precise mechanisms utilizing GAGs by diverse gut microbiota will augment our understanding of their effects on human health and contribute to potential therapeutic strategies for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Dong
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
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Zhu L, Yu T, Wang W, Xu T, Geng W, Li N, Zan X. Responsively Degradable Nanoarmor-Assisted Super Resistance and Stable Colonization of Probiotics for Enhanced Inflammation-Targeted Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308728. [PMID: 38241751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Manipulation of the gut microbiota using oral microecological preparations has shown great promise in treating various inflammatory disorders. However, delivering these preparations while maintaining their disease-site specificity, stability, and therapeutic efficacy is highly challenging due to the dynamic changes associated with pathological microenvironments in the gastrointestinal tract. Herein, a superior armored probiotic with an inflammation-targeting capacity is developed to enhance the efficacy and timely action of bacterial therapy against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The coating strategy exhibits suitability for diverse probiotic strains and has negligible influence on bacterial viability. This study demonstrates that these armored probiotics have ultraresistance to extreme intraluminal conditions and stable mucoadhesive capacity. Notably, the HA-functionalized nanoarmor equips the probiotics with inflamed-site targetability through multiple interactions, thus enhancing their efficacy in IBD therapy. Moreover, timely "awakening" of ingested probiotics through the responsive transferrin-directed degradation of the nanoarmor at the site of inflammation is highly beneficial for bacterial therapy, which requires the bacterial cells to be fully functional. Given its easy preparation and favorable biocompatibility, the developed single-cell coating approach provides an effective strategy for the advanced delivery of probiotics for biomedical applications at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Zhu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Department of Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Na Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
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Li H, Wang G, Yan X, Hu X, Li J. Effects of acetyl groups on the prebiotic properties of glucomannan extracted from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121805. [PMID: 38368082 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the structural modification of glucomannan extracted from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds (60S) to assess the impact of acetyl groups on its prebiotic characteristics. The structural changes were examined, with a focus on the degree of acetyl group substitution (DS). Both deacetylation and acetylation had limited influence on the molecular properties of 60S. Despite these modifications, the apparent viscosity of all samples remained consistently low. In vitro fermentation experiments revealed that Escherichia-Shigella decreased as DS increased, while Bacteroides ovatus was enriched. Acetylation had no significant impact on the utilization rate of 60S but led to a reduction in the production of propionic acid. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics analysis confirmed the changes in propionic acid levels. Notably, metabolites such as N-acetyl-L-tyrosine, γ-muricholic acid, and taurocholate were upregulated by acetylated derivatives. Overall, acetyl groups are speculated to play a pivotal role in the prebiotic properties of 60S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongda Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ximei Yan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junjun Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Xia M, Hua Z, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Hou X, Yang G, Liu S, Fang Y. Improvement of Urolithin A Yield by In Vitro Cofermentation of Streptococcus thermophilus FUA329 with Human Gut Microbiota from Different Urolithin Metabotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3008-3016. [PMID: 38301119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus FUA329 converts ellagic acid (EA) to urolithin A (Uro-A), which is not autonomously converted by the gut microbiota to produce highly bioavailable and multibiologically active Uro-A in urolithin metabotype 0 (UM-0) populations. We consider that Streptococcus thermophilus FUA329 has the potential to be developed as a probiotic. Therefore, we utilized S. thermophilus FUA329 for in vitro cofermentation with gut microbiota. The results revealed that strain FUA329 increased the production of EA-converted Uro-A during in vitro cofermentation with the human gut microbiota of different urolithin metabotypes (UMs), with a significant increase in the production of Uro-A in the experimental group of UM-0. In addition, changes in the in vitro cofermentation microbial community were determined using high-throughput sequencing. Strain FUA329 modulated the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in different UMs, thereby significantly increasing the abundance of beneficial microbiota in the gut microbiota while decreasing the abundance of harmful microbiota. Of greatest interest was the significant increase in the abundance of Actinobacteria phylum after the cofermentation of strain FUA329 with UM-0 gut microbiota, which might be related to the significant increase in the production of Uro-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- China Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Ziyan Hua
- China Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yaling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- China Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Gewen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- China Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- China Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- China Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- China Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yaowei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- China Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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9
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Chen Q, Luo Y, Shen Y, Li X, Yang H, Li J, Wang J, Xiao Y. Fructose corn syrup induces inflammatory injury and obesity by altering gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related arachidonic acid metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109527. [PMID: 37979711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fructose corn syrup (FCS) intake brings a series of health problems. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of FCS-induced metabolic disorders from the perspective of gut microbiota. Mice were fed for 16 weeks with normal or 30% FCS drinking water. Compared to the control group, FCS caused significantly higher fat deposition, hepatic steatosis, liver and intestinal inflammatory damages (P<.05). FCS increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae in vivo and in vitro, which was positively correlated with the indices of metabolic disorders (P<.05). In vivo and in vitro data indicated that FCS enhanced the microbial function involved in pentose phosphate pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism, metabolomics further demonstrated that FCS led to an increase in prostaglandins (the catabolites of arachidonic acid) (P<.05). Our study confirmed that FCS can directly promote gut microbiota to synthesize inflammatory factor prostaglandins, which provides new insights and directions for the treatment of FCS-induced metabolic disorders and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Pan L, Ma M, Wang Y, Dai W, Fu T, Wang L, Shang Q, Yu G. Polyguluronate alleviates ulcerative colitis by targeting the gut commensal Lactobacillus murinus and its anti-inflammatory metabolites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128592. [PMID: 38056745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyguluronate (PG) is a fermentable polysaccharide from edible algae. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of PG on ulcerative colitis (UC) and its underlying mechanisms. Our results suggest that oral intake of PG attenuates UC and improves gut microbiota dysbiosis by promoting the growth of Lactobacillus spp. in dextran sulfate sodium-fed mice. Five different species of Lactobacillus were isolated from the feces of PG-treated mice and L. murinus was identified to have the best anti-colitis effect, suggesting a critical role for L. murinus in mediating the therapeutic effect of PG. Furthermore, PG was degraded potentially by the beta-glucuronidase from L. murinus and adding PG to the culture medium of L. murinus remarkably increased its production of anti-inflammatory metabolites, including itaconic acid, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid, and 3-amino-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-propionic acid. Additionally, L. salivarius, a human intestine-derived PG-utilizing species that is closely related to L. murinus, was also demonstrated to have potent anti-colitis effects, suggesting that it is a candidate target of PG in the human gut. Altogether, our study illustrates an unprecedented application of PG in the treatment of UC and establishes the basis for understanding its therapeutic effect from the perspective of L. murinus and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingfeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tianyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China.
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11
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Chatzigeorgiou S, Jílková J, Korecká L, Janyšková R, Hermannová M, Šimek M, Čožíková D, Slováková M, Bílková Z, Bobek J, Černý Z, Čihák M, Velebný V. Preparation of hyaluronan oligosaccharides by a prokaryotic beta-glucuronidase: Characterization of free and immobilized forms of the enzyme. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121078. [PMID: 37364952 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Popularity of hyaluronan (HA) in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, led to the investigation and development of new HA-based materials, with enzymes playing a key role. Beta-D-glucuronidases catalyze the hydrolysis of a beta-D-glucuronic acid residue from the non-reducing end of various substrates. However, lack of specificity towards HA for most beta-D-glucuronidases, in addition to the high cost and low purity of those active on HA, have prevented their widespread application. In this study, we investigated a recombinant beta-glucuronidase from Bacteroides fragilis (rBfGUS). We demonstrated the rBfGUS's activity on native, modified, and derivatized HA oligosaccharides (oHAs). Using chromogenic beta-glucuronidase substrate and oHAs, we characterized the enzyme's optimal conditions and kinetic parameters. Additionally, we evaluated rBfGUS's activity towards oHAs of various sizes and types. To increase reusability and ensure the preparation of enzyme-free oHA products, rBfGUS was immobilized on two types of magnetic macroporous bead cellulose particles. Both immobilized forms of rBfGUS demonstrated suitable operational and storage stabilities, and their activity parameters were comparable to the free form. Our findings suggest that native and derivatized oHAs can be prepared using this bacterial beta-glucuronidase, and a novel biocatalyst with enhanced operational parameters has been developed with a potential for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Chatzigeorgiou
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jílková
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Korecká
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Janyšková
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | | | - Matej Šimek
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Čožíková
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Slováková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bílková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bobek
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, České mládeže 8, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná sq. 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Černý
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Čihák
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Velebný
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
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12
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Li C, Li N, Liu C, Yin S. Causal association between gut microbiota and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: mendelian randomization study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:568. [PMID: 37543573 PMCID: PMC10403878 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational cohort studies have shown that the composition of the gut microbiota is related to the risk of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), although it is unclear if the association is causative. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically examine whether the gut microbiota was causally linked to ICP. METHODS We obtained the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of gut microbiota and ICP from published GWASs. Maximum likelihood (ML), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), and weighted model were used to investigate the causal association between gut microbiota and ICP. We further conducted a series of sensitivity analyses to confirm the robustness of the primary results of the MR analyses. Reverse MR analysis was performed on the bacterial taxa that were reported to be causally linked to ICP risk in forwarding MR analysis to evaluate the possibility of reverse causation. RESULTS MR analysis revealed that phylum Tenericutes (OR: 1.670, 95%CI: 1.073-2.598, P = 0.023), class Bacteroidia (OR: 1.644, 95%CI: 1.031-2.622, P = 0.037), class Mollicutes (OR: 1.670, 95%CI: 1.073-2.598, P = 0.023), and order Bacteroidales (OR: 1.644, 95%CI: 1.031-2.622, P = 0.037), and were positively associated with the risk of ICP. And we identified that the relative abundance of genus Dialister (OR: 0.562, 95%CI: 0.323-0.977, P = 0.041), genus Erysipelatoclostridium (OR: 0.695, 95%CI: 0.490-0.987, P = 0.042), genus Eubacterium (brachy group) (OR: 0.661, 95%CI: 0.497-0.880, P = 0.005), genus Eubacterium (hallii group) (OR: 0.664, 95%CI: 0.451-0.977, P = 0.037), genus Holdemania (OR: 0.590, 95%CI: 0.414-0.840, P = 0.003), genus Ruminococcus (torques group) (OR: 0.448, 95%CI: 0.235-0.854, P = 0.015), and genus Veillonella (OR: 0.513, 95%CI: 0.294-0.893, P = 0.018) were related to a lower risk of ICP. Additional sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the association between specific gut microbiota composition and ICP. No evidence of reverse causality from ICP to identified bacterial taxa was found in the findings of the reverse MR analyses. CONCLUSIONS Under MR assumptions, our findings propose new evidence of the relationship between gut microbiota and ICP risk. Our results show that the gut microbiota may be useful target of intervention for ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Shaowei Yin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
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13
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Chen Q, Ren R, Sun Y, Xu J, Yang H, Li X, Xiao Y, Li J, Lyu W. The combination of metagenome and metabolome to compare the differential effects and mechanisms of fructose and sucrose on the metabolic disorders and gut microbiota in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37470119 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02246c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose and fructose are the most commonly used sweeteners in the modern food industry, but there are few comparative studies on the mechanisms by which fructose and sucrose affect host health. The aim of the present study was to explain the different effects of fructose and sucrose on host metabolism from the perspective of gut microbiota. Mice were fed for 16 weeks with normal drinking water (CON), 30% fructose drinking water (CF) and 30% sucrose drinking water (SUC). Compared with fructose treatment, sucrose caused significantly higher weight gain, epididymal fat deposition, hepatic steatosis, and jejunum histological injury. Sucrose increased the abundance of LPS-producing bacteria which was positively correlated with obesity traits, while fructose increased the abundance of Lactobacillus. An in vitro fermentation experiment also showed that fructose increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, while sucrose increased the abundance of Klebsiella and Escherichia. In addition, combined with microbial functional analysis and metabolomics data, fructose led to the enhancement of carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle capacity, and increased the production of glutamate. The cross-cooperation network greatly influenced the microbiota (Klebsiella, Lactobacillus), metabolites (glutamate, fructose 1,6-biosphosphate, citric acid), and genes encoding enzymes (pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphofructokinase 1, fructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydratase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 3), suggesting that they may be the key differential factors in the process of fructose and sucrose catabolism. Therefore, the changes in gut microbiome mediated by fructose and sucrose are important reasons for their differential effects on host health and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ruochen Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jinjun Li
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wentao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Zhao R, Zhang C, Yu L, Zhang C, Zhao J, Narbad A, Zhai Q, Tian F. In Vitro Fermentation of Hyaluronan with Different Molecular Weights by Human Gut Microbiota: Differential Effects on Gut Microbiota Structure and Metabolic Function. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2103. [PMID: 37177246 PMCID: PMC10180753 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has various biological functions and is used extensively as a dietary supplement. Previous studies have shown that the probiotic effects of polysaccharides are closely associated with their molecular properties. The intestinal microbiota has been demonstrated to degrade HA; however, the regulatory effects of different molecular weights (MW) of HA on gut microbiota and metabolites are unknown. In the present study, we performed in vitro fermentation of human-derived feces for three MWs of HA (HA1, 32.3 kDa; HA2, 411 kDa; and HA3, 1510 kDa) to investigate the differences in the fermentation properties of HA with different MWs. We found that gut microbiota can utilize all HAs and, consequently, produce large amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, we showed that all three HA MWs promoted the growth of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, with HA1 being more effective at promoting the growth of Bacteroides. HAs have various regulatory effects on the structure and metabolites of the gut microbiota. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that alterations in gut microbiota and their metabolites were significantly correlated with changes in metabolic markers. For instance, HA1 enriched α-eleostearic acid and DL-3-aminoisobutyric acid by regulating the abundance of Bacteroides, and HA3 enriched Thymidin by regulating Faecalibacterium. Collectively, the fermentation properties of HA vary across MW, and our results provide insights into the potential association between the MW of HA and its fermentation characteristics by the gut microbiota. These findings provide insights into the influence of the gut microbiota and HAs on the health of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Arjan Narbad
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Gut Health and Microbiome Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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15
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Zhang C, Yu L, Zhai Q, Zhao R, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Tian F. In vitro fermentation of heparin by the human gut microbiota: Changes in the microbiota community and metabolic functions. Food Chem 2023; 406:135010. [PMID: 36463601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Levels of its utilization suggest that the host glycosaminoglycan heparin is an important carbohydrate in the human gut microbiota. However, the interaction between heparin and the gut microbiota is not well understood. In this study, an in vitro fermentation system combined with microbiome and metabolome technologies was used to study the interaction between heparin and the gut microbiota. Interestingly, we found that heparin can be used by the gut microbiota, which produce large amounts of short chain fatty acids leading to a decrease in pH. In addition, the addition of heparin increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium and decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella. Correlation analysis of the microbiome and metabolome revealed that the catabolism of heparin was accompanied by the biosynthesis of bile acids and tryptophan metabolism. Overall, this study provides new evidence on the role of heparin as a stable carbon source for the gut microbiota and forms a strong basis for the use of heparin to condition the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ruohan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine, Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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16
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Šimek M, Turková K, Schwarzer M, Nešporová K, Kubala L, Hermannová M, Foglová T, Šafránková B, Šindelář M, Šrůtková D, Chatzigeorgiou S, Novotná T, Hudcovic T, Velebný V. Molecular weight and gut microbiota determine the bioavailability of orally administered hyaluronic acid. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120880. [PMID: 37182970 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability of hyaluronan as a dietary supplement to increase skin moisture and relieve knee pain has been demonstrated in several clinical studies. To understand the mechanism of action, determining hyaluronan's bioavailability and in vivo fate is crucial. Here, we used 13C-hyaluronan combined with LC-MS analysis to compare the absorption and metabolism of oral hyaluronan in germ-free and conventional wild-type mice. The presence of Bacteroides spp. in the gut was crucial for hyaluronan absorption. Specific microorganisms cleave hyaluronan into unsaturated oligosaccharides (<3 kDa) which are partially absorbed through the intestinal wall. The remaining hyaluronan fragments are metabolized into short-chain fatty acids, which are only metabolites available to the host. The poor bioavailability (~0.2 %) of oral hyaluronan indicates that the mechanism of action is the result of the systematic regulatory function of hyaluronan or its metabolites rather than the direct effects of hyaluronan at distal sites of action (skin, joints).
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17
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Analysis of the effect of hyaluronic acid on intestinal flora and its metabolites in diabetic mice via high-throughput sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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18
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Isolation of Alginate-Degrading Bacteria from the Human Gut Microbiota and Discovery of Bacteroides xylanisolvens AY11-1 as a Novel Anti-Colitis Probiotic Bacterium. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061352. [PMID: 36986080 PMCID: PMC10053142 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate has been documented to prevent the development and progression of ulcerative colitis by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the bacterium that may mediate the anti-colitis effect of alginate has not been fully characterized. We hypothesized that alginate-degrading bacteria might play a role here since these bacteria could utilize alginate as a carbon source. To test this hypothesis, we isolated 296 strains of alginate-degrading bacteria from the human gut. Bacteroides xylanisolvens AY11-1 was observed to have the best capability for alginate degradation. The degradation and fermentation of alginate by B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 produced significant amounts of oligosaccharides and short-chain fatty acids. Further studies indicated that B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 could alleviate body weight loss and contraction of colon length, reduce the incidences of bleeding and attenuate mucosal damage in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-fed mice. Mechanistically, B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 improved gut dysbiosis and promoted the growth of probiotic bacteria, including Blautia spp. And Prevotellaceae UCG-001, in diseased mice. Additionally, B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 showed no oral toxicity and was well-tolerated in male and female mice. Altogether, we illustrate for the first time an anti-colitis effect of the alginate-degrading bacterium B. xylanisolvens AY11-1. Our study paves the way for the development of B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 as a next-generation probiotic bacterium.
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Zheng X, Wang B, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Zhao J, Cui S, Chen W. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of hyaluronic acid and its therapeutic prospects in combination with microorganisms: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120153. [PMID: 36876779 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is key to the stability of the internal environment of tissues. HA content in tissues gradually decreases with age, causing age-related health problems. Exogenous HA supplements are used to prevent or treat these problems including skin dryness and wrinkles, intestinal imbalance, xerophthalmia, and arthritis after absorption. Moreover, some probiotics are able to promote endogenous HA synthesis and alleviate symptoms caused by HA loss, thus introducing potential preventative or therapeutic applications of HA and probiotics. Here, we review the oral absorption, metabolism, and biological function of HA as well as the potential role of probiotics and HA in increasing the efficacy of HA supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Botao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250000, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Smith MM, Melrose J. Xylan Prebiotics and the Gut Microbiome Promote Health and Wellbeing: Potential Novel Roles for Pentosan Polysulfate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091151. [PMID: 36145372 PMCID: PMC9503530 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review highlights the complexities of the gut microbiome and health-promoting properties of prebiotic xylans metabolized by the gut microbiome. In animal husbandry, prebiotic xylans aid in the maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome. This prevents the colonization of the gut by pathogenic organisms obviating the need for dietary antibiotic supplementation, a practice which has been used to maintain animal productivity but which has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria that are passed up the food chain to humans. Seaweed xylan-based animal foodstuffs have been developed to eliminate ruminant green-house gas emissions by gut methanogens in ruminant animals, contributing to atmospheric pollution. Biotransformation of pentosan polysulfate by the gut microbiome converts this semi-synthetic sulfated disease-modifying anti-osteoarthritic heparinoid drug to a prebiotic metabolite that promotes gut health, further extending the therapeutic profile and utility of this therapeutic molecule. Xylans are prominent dietary cereal components of the human diet which travel through the gastrointestinal tract as non-digested dietary fibre since the human genome does not contain xylanolytic enzymes. The gut microbiota however digest xylans as a food source. Xylo-oligosaccharides generated in this digestive process have prebiotic health-promoting properties. Engineered commensal probiotic bacteria also have been developed which have been engineered to produce growth factors and other bioactive factors. A xylan protein induction system controls the secretion of these compounds by the commensal bacteria which can promote gut health or, if these prebiotic compounds are transported by the vagal nervous system, may also regulate the health of linked organ systems via the gut–brain, gut–lung and gut–stomach axes. Dietary xylans are thus emerging therapeutic compounds warranting further study in novel disease prevention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern Campus, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Liu C, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H. A colon-targeted delivery system of torularhodin encapsulated in electrospinning microspheres, and its co-metabolic regulation mechanism of gut microbiota. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Huang G, Su L, Zhang N, Han R, Leong WK, Li X, Ren X, Hsiao WLW. The prebiotic and anti-fatigue effects of hyaluronan. Front Nutr 2022; 9:977556. [PMID: 36003835 PMCID: PMC9393540 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.977556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a mucopolysaccharide that naturally exists in all living organisms as the main component of the extracellular matrix. Over the last 30 years, HA has been used as the main ingredient in cosmetic products, eye drops, and medicinal products. It is also taken orally as a health supplement. However, the physiological effect of the ingested HA is not clear. In the current study, the interaction between HA and gut microbiota, and the potential prebiotic effects were investigated. HA was used to treat the C57BL/6 mice for 15 consecutive days, then fecal genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results showed that HA could significantly change the composition of gut microbiota (GM), e.g., increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria and xylan/cellulose-degrading bacteria, whereas decreased the relative abundance of potential pathogens including sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), inflammation and cancer-related bacteria. The rotarod test was used to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of HA in C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that HA could lengthen the mice's retention time on the accelerating rotarod. HA increased the concentration of glycogen and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice's muscle and liver, whereas decreased the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, the metabolic products of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (MPDV), the model SRB bacteria, showed cytotoxic effects on H9c2 cardiomyocytes in a dosage-dependent manner. MPDV also caused mitochondrial damage by inducing mitochondrial fragmentation, depolarization, and powerless ATP production. Taken together, we show that HA possesses significant prebiotic and anti-fatigue effects in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.,Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruixuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wai Kit Leong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xuecong Ren
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated With Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
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Chen K, Gao C, Tang M, Dong Q, Wang N, Man S, Lu F, Wang H. Dietary soybeans worsen dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by disrupting intestinal ecology. Food Funct 2022; 13:6205-6216. [PMID: 35583076 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food mediates susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) associated with the microbiome. Existing studies suggest that a high-sugar and high-fat diet promotes IBDs, but whether a plant-based diet is fully harmless to IBD improvement remains unknown. In this study, for the first time, we assessed the effect of soybean and its carbohydrates on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. In a DSS-induced colitis mouse model (BALB/C WT), the oral administration of soybeans worsened colitis, which was associated with higher disease activity index, histology score and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lower expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, 16S rRNA sequencing and elimination of gut bacteria by antibiotics showed that the exacerbating colitis caused by soybeans depends on the changes in the intestinal flora. Furthermore, the gavage of soybean carbohydrates such as sucrose and raffinose-family oligosaccharides altered the intestinal microbiota and worsened inflammation. When co-cultured with macrophages (RAW 264.7), the metabolites of the disordered intestinal flora, isolated Escherichia coli and purified LPS showed high macrophage toxicity to inhibit pathogen clearance. These results indicate that the intake of soybeans and soybean carbohydrates is not conducive to recovery from IBDs based on changes in gut microbiota and metabolites affecting the activities of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Congcong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Qinchen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Ningyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Fuping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Haikuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Novel Thermostable Heparinase Based on the Genome of Bacteroides Isolated from Human Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101462. [PMID: 35627031 PMCID: PMC9141863 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the nutrients available to the human gut microbiota, the complex carbohydrates and glycosaminoglycans are important sources of carbon for some of the species of human gut microbiota. Glycosaminoglycan (heparin) from the host is a highly preferred carbohydrate for Bacteroides. To explore how gut microbiota can effectively use heparin as a carbon source for growth, we conducted a screening of the Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) database for lytic enzymes of the PL13 family and Research Center of Food Biotechnology at School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University database of Bacteroides to identify novel glycosaminoglycan-degrading bacterial strains. Four Bacteroides species (Bacteroides eggerthii, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides nordii, and Bacteroides finegoldii) that degraded heparin were selected for further studies. Analysis of the polysaccharide utilization sites of the four strains revealed that all of them harbored enzyme encoding genes of the PL13 family. Functional analysis revealed the activity of CAZymes in a medium containing heparin as the sole carbon source, suggesting their potential to degrade heparin and support growth. The four enzymes were heterologous expressed, and their enzymatic properties, kinetics, and thermal stability were determined. The lytic enzyme of B. nordii had high enzymatic activity and thermal stability. The features that cause this high thermal stability were elucidated based on an examination of the three-dimensional structure of the protein. Our findings provide an important theoretical basis for the application of glycosaminoglycans and glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes in the medical and biotechnology industries, and an important scientific basis for precision nutrition and medical intervention studies using gut microbiota or enzymes as targets.
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Rawat PS, Seyed Hameed AS, Meng X, Liu W. Utilization of glycosaminoglycans by the human gut microbiota: participating bacteria and their enzymatic machineries. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2068367. [PMID: 35482895 PMCID: PMC9067506 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2068367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are consistently present in the human colon in free forms and as part of proteoglycans. Their utilization is critical for the colonization and proliferation of gut bacteria and also the health of hosts. Hence, it is essential to determine the GAG-degrading members of the gut bacteria and their enzymatic machinery for GAG depolymerization. In this review, we have summarized the reported GAG utilizers from Bacteroides and presented their polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) and related enzymatic machineries for the degradation of chondroitin and heparin/heparan sulfate. Although similar comprehensive knowledge of GAG degradation is not available for other gut phyla, we have specified recently isolated GAG degraders from gut Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and analyzed their genomes for the presence of putative GAG PULs. Deciphering the precise GAG utilization mechanism for various phyla will augment our understanding of their effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parkash Singh Rawat
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China
| | - Ahkam Saddam Seyed Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China,CONTACT Xiangfeng Meng State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China
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26
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Enterotype-Specific Effect of Human Gut Microbiota on the Fermentation of Marine Algae Oligosaccharides: A Preliminary Proof-of-Concept In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040770. [PMID: 35215682 PMCID: PMC8876871 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota plays a critical role in the metabolism of dietary carbohydrates. Previous studies have illustrated that marine algae oligosaccharides could be utilized and readily fermented by human gut microbiota. However, the human gut microbiota is classified into three different enterotypes, and how this may affect the fermentation processes of marine algae oligosaccharides has not been studied. Here, using in vitro fermentation and 16 S high-throughput sequencing techniques, we demonstrate that the human gut microbiota has an enterotype-specific effect on the fermentation outcomes of marine algae oligosaccharides. Notably, microbiota with a Bacteroides enterotype was more proficient at fermenting carrageenan oligosaccharides (KOS) as compared to that with a Prevotella enterotype and that with an Escherichia enterotype. Interestingly, the prebiotic effects of marine algae oligosaccharides were also found to be enterotype dependent. Altogether, our study demonstrates an enterotype-specific effect of human gut microbiota on the fermentation of marine algae oligosaccharides. However, due to the availability of the fecal samples, only one sample was used to represent each enterotype. Therefore, our research is a proof-of-concept study, and we anticipate that more detailed studies with larger sample sizes could be conducted to further explore the enterotype-specific prebiotic effects of marine oligosaccharides.
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Using Microbiome-Based Approaches to Deprogram Chronic Disorders and Extend the Healthspan following Adverse Childhood Experiences. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020229. [PMID: 35208684 PMCID: PMC8879770 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which can include child trafficking, are known to program children for disrupted biological cycles, premature aging, microbiome dysbiosis, immune-inflammatory misregulation, and chronic disease multimorbidity. To date, the microbiome has not been a major focus of deprogramming efforts despite its emerging role in every aspect of ACE-related dysbiosis and dysfunction. This article examines: (1) the utility of incorporating microorganism-based, anti-aging approaches to combat ACE-programmed chronic diseases (also known as noncommunicable diseases and conditions, NCDs) and (2) microbiome regulation of core systems biology cycles that affect NCD comorbid risk. In this review, microbiota influence over three key cyclic rhythms (circadian cycles, the sleep cycle, and the lifespan/longevity cycle) as well as tissue inflammation and oxidative stress are discussed as an opportunity to deprogram ACE-driven chronic disorders. Microbiota, particularly those in the gut, have been shown to affect host–microbe interactions regulating the circadian clock, sleep quality, as well as immune function/senescence, and regulation of tissue inflammation. The microimmunosome is one of several systems biology targets of gut microbiota regulation. Furthermore, correcting misregulated inflammation and increased oxidative stress is key to protecting telomere length and lifespan/longevity and extending what has become known as the healthspan. This review article concludes that to reverse the tragedy of ACE-programmed NCDs and premature aging, managing the human holobiont microbiome should become a routine part of healthcare and preventative medicine across the life course.
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Liu C, Jiang W, Yang F, Guo Y, Yao W, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, He Q. Combination of microbiome and metabolome to analyze the cross-cooperation mechanism of Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide with gut microbiota in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2022; 13:10069-10082. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide (EPP) is a functional compound in Echinacea purpurea. At the present, it is generally recognized that plant polysaccharides can regulate the intestinal microecology, but there are few...
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Bosi A, Banfi D, Bistoletti M, Moretto P, Moro E, Crema F, Maggi F, Karousou E, Viola M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Giaroni C, Baj A. Hyaluronan: A Neuroimmune Modulator in the Microbiota-Gut Axis. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010126. [PMID: 35011688 PMCID: PMC8750446 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining host gut homeostasis by controlling several metabolic, neuronal and immune functions. Conversely, changes in the gut microenvironment may alter the saprophytic microbial community and function, hampering the positive relationship with the host. In this bidirectional interplay between the gut microbiota and the host, hyaluronan (HA), an unbranched glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix, has a multifaceted role. HA is fundamental for bacterial metabolism and influences bacterial adhesiveness to the mucosal layer and diffusion across the epithelial barrier. In the host, HA may be produced and distributed in different cellular components within the gut microenvironment, playing a role in the modulation of immune and neuronal responses. This review covers the more recent studies highlighting the relevance of HA as a putative modulator of the communication between luminal bacteria and the host gut neuro-immune axis both in health and disease conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Paola Moretto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Moro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
- Centre of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332-217412; Fax: +39-0332-217111
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
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