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Lopez-Schenk R, Collins NL, Schenk NA, Beard DA. Integrated Functions of Cardiac Energetics, Mechanics, and Purine Nucleotide Metabolism. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5345-5369. [PMID: 38158366 PMCID: PMC10956446 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Purine nucleotides play central roles in energy metabolism in the heart. Most fundamentally, the free energy of hydrolysis of the adenine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) provides the thermodynamic driving force for numerous cellular processes including the actin-myosin crossbridge cycle. Perturbations to ATP supply and/or demand in the myocardium lead to changes in the homeostatic balance between purine nucleotide synthesis, degradation, and salvage, potentially affecting myocardial energetics and, consequently, myocardial mechanics. Indeed, both acute myocardial ischemia and decompensatory remodeling of the myocardium in heart failure are associated with depletion of myocardial adenine nucleotides and with impaired myocardial mechanical function. Yet there remain gaps in the understanding of mechanistic links between adenine nucleotide degradation and contractile dysfunction in heart disease. The scope of this article is to: (i) review current knowledge of the pathways of purine nucleotide depletion and salvage in acute ischemia and in chronic heart disease; (ii) review hypothesized mechanisms linking myocardial mechanics and energetics with myocardial adenine nucleotide regulation; and (iii) highlight potential targets for treating myocardial metabolic and mechanical dysfunction associated with these pathways. It is hypothesized that an imbalance in the degradation, salvage, and synthesis of adenine nucleotides leads to a net loss of adenine nucleotides in both acute ischemia and under chronic high-demand conditions associated with the development of heart failure. This reduction in adenine nucleotide levels results in reduced myocardial ATP and increased myocardial inorganic phosphate. Both of these changes have the potential to directly impact tension development and mechanical work at the cellular level. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5345-5369, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lopez-Schenk
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole L Collins
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noah A Schenk
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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2
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Zhang L, Thyagarajan D. Two Rare Cases of Long Surviving Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency with Co-Existing Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase (AMP) Deficiency. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121605. [PMID: 36552065 PMCID: PMC9775375 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD), formerly known as Brown−Vialetto−Van Laere syndrome, is a rare condition that causes a progressive neurological syndrome in early life with features of auditory and optic neuropathy, weakness of bulbar muscles and the diaphragm and sensorimotor neuropathy. Pathologic mutations in the genes that code for riboflavin transporters have been identified as the genetic basis of RTD, and the majority of the genetically confirmed cases are caused by mutations of SLC52A3, a riboflavin transporter 2 coding gene or compound mutations in SLC52A2, encoding riboflavin transporter 3. Fatality in childhood is common if the condition is left untreated, but survival into adulthood has been reported in cases treated with high-dose oral riboflavin. (2) Case summary: We report two long-term survivors of RTD type 2 due to compound heterozygous 185T> G and 1258G>A mutations in gene SLC2A2. They are two brothers in a family in which two female siblings died in childhood from a similar neurological disorder. Brother one, the older RTD survivor, is aged 71, and brother two is aged 58. Both have significant visual impairment from optic nerve atrophy and sensory ataxia. Their muscle biopsies showed decreased muscle adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deaminase activity. No AMPD1 mutation was detected through whole-genome sequencing. (3) Conclusion: Co-existing riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) type 2 and muscle AMP deaminase deficiency has not been previously reported. Apart from the possibility that there is a milder phenotype associated with these mutations in SLC2A2, AMP deaminase deficiency might have contributed to a survival benefit by preserving muscle function through accumulating intracellular AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Eastern Health, VIC 3128, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dominic Thyagarajan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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3
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Tatekoshi Y, Tanno M, Kouzu H, Abe K, Miki T, Kuno A, Yano T, Ishikawa S, Ohwada W, Sato T, Niinuma T, Suzuki H, Miura T. Translational regulation by miR-301b upregulates AMP deaminase in diabetic hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 119:138-146. [PMID: 29733818 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AMP deaminase (AMPD) plays a crucial role in adenine nucleotide metabolism. Recently we found that upregulated AMPD activity is associated with ATP depletion and contractile dysfunction under the condition of pressure overloading in the heart of a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), OLETF. Here we examined the mechanism of AMPD upregulation by T2DM. The protein level of 90-kDa full-length AMPD3 was increased in whole myocardial lysates by 55% in OLETF compared to those in LETO, a non-diabetic control. In contrast, the mRNA levels of AMPD3 in the myocardium were similar in OLETF and LETO. AMPD3 was comparably ubiquitinated in OLETF and LETO, and its degradation ex vivo was more sensitive to MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, in OLETF than in LETO. MicroRNA array analysis revealed downregulation (>50%) of 57 microRNAs in OLETF compared to those in LETO, among which miR-301b was predicted to interact with the 3'UTR of AMPD3 mRNA. AMPD3 protein level was significantly increased by a miR-301b inhibitor and was decreased by a miR-301b mimetic in H9c2 cells. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed binding of miR-301b to the 3'UTR of AMPD3 mRNA. Transfection of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with a miR-301b inhibitor increased 90-kDa AMPD3 and reduced ATP level. The results indicate that translational regulation by miR-301b mediates upregulated expression of cardiac AMPD3 protein in OLETF, which potentially reduces the adenine nucleotide pool at the time of increased work load. The miR-301b-AMPD3 axis may be a novel therapeutic target for intervening enegy metabolism in diabetic hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tatekoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Kouzu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoko Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Ohwada
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Rannou F, Scotet V, Marcorelles P, Monnoyer R, Le Maréchal C. Effects of AMPD1 common mutation on the metabolic-chronotropic relationship: Insights from patients with myoadenylate deaminase deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187266. [PMID: 29095874 PMCID: PMC5667816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Current evidence indicates that the common AMPD1 gene variant is associated with improved survival in patients with advanced heart failure. Whilst adenosine has been recognized to mediate the cardioprotective effect of C34T AMPD1, the precise pathophysiologic mechanism involved remains undefined to date. To address this issue, we used cardio-pulmonary exercise testing data (CPX) from subjects with myoadenylate deaminase (MAD) defects. METHODS From 2009 to 2013, all the patients referred in our laboratory to perform a metabolic exercise testing, i.e. a CPX with measurements of muscle metabolites in plasma during and after exercise testing, were prospectively enrolled. Subjects that also underwent an open muscle biopsy for diagnosis purpose were finally included. The metabolic-chronotropic response was assessed by calculating the slope of the linear relationship between the percent heart rate reserve and the percent metabolic reserve throughout exercise. MAD activity was measured using the Fishbein's technique in muscle biopsy sample. The common AMPD1 mutation was genotyped and the AMPD1 gene was sequenced to screen rare variants from blood DNA. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients were included in the study; 5 had complete MAD deficiency, 11 had partial MAD deficiency, and 51 had normal MAD activity. Compared with normal MAD activity subjects, MAD deficient subjects appeared to have a lower-than-expected metabolic-chronotopic response during exercise. The metabolic-chronotropic relationship is more closely correlated with MAD activity in skeletal muscle (Rs = 0.57, p = 5.93E-7, Spearman correlation) than the presence of the common AMPD1 gene variant (Rs = 0.34, p = 0.005). Age-predicted O2 pulse ratio is significantly increased in MAD deficient subjects, indicating a greater efficiency of the cardiovascular system to deliver O2 (p < 0.01, Scheffé's post hoc test). CONCLUSION The metabolic-chronotropic response is decreased in skeletal muscle MAD deficiency, suggesting a biological mechanism by which AMPD1 gene exerts cardiac effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Rannou
- Physiology Department-EA 4324, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Virginie Scotet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UMR 1078, Brest, France
| | | | - Roxane Monnoyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UMR 1078, Brest, France
| | - Cédric Le Maréchal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UMR 1078, Brest, France
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Smolenski RT, Rybakowska I, Turyn J, Romaszko P, Zabielska M, Taegtmeyer A, Słomińska EM, Kaletha KK, Barton PJR. AMP deaminase 1 gene polymorphism and heart disease-a genetic association that highlights new treatment. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:183-9. [PMID: 24431031 PMCID: PMC3955129 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide metabolism and signalling is directly linked to myocardial function. Therefore analysis how diversity of genes coding nucleotide metabolism related proteins affects clinical progress of heart disease could provide valuable information for development of new treatments. Several studies identified that polymorphism of AMP deaminase 1 gene (AMPD1), in particular the common C34T variant of this gene was found to benefit patients with heart failure and ischemic heart disease. However, these findings were inconsistent in subsequent studies. This prompted our detailed analysis of heart transplant recipients that revealed diverse effect: improved early postoperative cardiac function associated with C34T mutation in donors, but worse 1-year survival. Our other studies on the metabolic impact of AMPD1 C34T mutation revealed decrease in AMPD activity, increased production of adenosine and de-inhibition of AMP regulated protein kinase. Thus, genetic, clinical and biochemical studies revealed that while long term attenuation of AMPD activity could be deleterious, transient inhibition of AMPD activity before acute cardiac injury is protective. We suggest therefore that pharmacological inhibition of AMP deaminase before transient ischemic event such as during ischemic heart disease or cardiac surgery could provide therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland,
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6
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AMPD1 gene mutations are associated with obesity and diabetes in Polish patients with cardiovascular diseases. J Appl Genet 2010; 52:67-76. [PMID: 21108053 PMCID: PMC3026686 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-010-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed an association of the common functional polymorphism (C34T, Gln12Stop) in the adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 (AMPD1) gene with survival in heart failure (HF) and/or coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the study was to search for other mutations in selected regions of the AMPD1 gene in Polish CAD and HF patients, and to analyze their associations with obesity and diabetes. Exons 2, 3, 5, and 7 of AMPD1 were scanned for mutations in 97 patients with CAD without HF (CAD+ HF−), 104 patients with HF (HF+), and 200 newborns from North-Western Poland using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and direct sequencing. Frequencies of AMPD1 C34T mutation, as well as novel A99G, G512A, IVS4-6delT, and C784T sequence alterations, were similar in the three groups, but 860T mutated allele was less frequent in the combined CAD+ HF− and HF+ groups than in the controls (1.7% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.040). Heterozygous 34CT genotype was associated with lower (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.81) and 860AT with higher (OR = 13.7, 95%CI = 1.6–118) prevalence of diabetes or hyperglycemia in relation to wild-type homozygotes. Abdominal obesity was more frequent in 860AT patients than in wild-type homozygotes and 34CT heterozygotes (86% vs. 40% vs. 29%, p < 0.05). Nine genes containing polymorphisms linked with AMPD1 C34T mutation were found in the HapMap database. AMPD1 C34T nonsense mutation is associated with reduced prevalence of diabetes and obesity in patients with CAD or HF, but A860T substitution seems to exert opposite metabolic effects and should always be accounted for in the studies of the AMPD1 genotype.
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7
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8
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Safranow K, Czyzycka E, Binczak‐Kuleta A, Rzeuski R, Skowronek J, Wojtarowicz A, Jakubowska K, Olszewska M, Loniewska B, Kaliszczak R, Kornacewicz‐Jach Z, Ciechanowicz A, Chlubek D. Association of C34TAMPD1gene polymorphism with features of metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 69:102-12. [DOI: 10.1080/00365510802430964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Taegtmeyer AB, Breen JB, Rogers P, Johnson PH, Smith J, Smolenski RT, Banner NR, Yacoub MH, Barton PJ. Effect of adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 C34T allele on the requirement for donor inotropic support and on the incidence of early graft dysfunction after cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103:1457-62. [PMID: 19427446 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.01.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The C34T T allele of the adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 (AMPD1) gene has been associated with improved outcome in patients with cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesized that possession of this allele by donor hearts plays a role in the outcome of cardiac transplantation; 262 cardiac donors and 190 of their recipients were studied. AMPD1 C34T genotype was determined using 5' exonuclease chemistry. Requirement for inotropic agents before organ donation, 1-year post-transplantation survival, cause of death, and factors known to affect survival after transplantation were also studied. Multiple regression models for factors affecting survival were constructed. A significant yearly increase in frequency of the T allele in donors was noted (0.06 to 0.18 from 1994 to 1999). Donors with the CT or TT genotype required less inotropic support than those with the CC genotype (mean number of inotropes per donor with CT or TT genotype 0.27 compared with 0.47 per donor with CC genotype, n = 206, p = 0.03). Recipients of T-allele-carrying organs showed worse 1-year survival after transplantation (59% vs 79%, p <0.001). Excess deaths in these patients was due to early graft dysfunction (odds ratio for early graft dysfunction 6.6, 95% confidence interval 2 to 21.6, p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed donor AMPD1 genotype, recipient age, and pretransplantation anemia to independently affect 1-year post-transplantation survival (adjusted hazard ratios 3.7, 1.06, and 2.6, respectively). In conclusion, possession of the AMPD1 T allele is associated with decreased inotropic requirements before heart donation. The incidence of early graft dysfunction, however, was significantly higher in recipients who received AMPD1 T-allele-possessing organs resulting in worse 1-year survival.
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10
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Agewall S, Norman B. Association between AMPD1 Gene Polymorphism and Coagulation Factors in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HAEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS 2009; 35:440-4. [PMID: 17565237 DOI: 10.1159/000102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the C34T and G468T variations in the adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 (AMPD1) gene were associated with intima-media thickness of the carotid and brachial artery, endothelial function of the brachial artery, glucose metabolism, haemostatic variables and cardiac hypertrophy in patients (n = 109) with coronary heart disease. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and the von Willebrand factor were higher in the CC homozygote group compared to the CT/TT group (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups regarding intima-media complex of the carotid and brachial artery, presence of plaque in the carotid region, flow-mediated dilatation, ejection fraction or dimensions of the heart. In conclusion, there were no differences between the mutant AMPD1 allele carriers and CC homozygotes regarding surrogate values for atherosclerosis, endothelial function, dimensions and ejection fraction of the heart, glucose tolerance and other well-known cardiovascular risk factors, whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and von Willebrand levels were lower in the mutant AMPD1 allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agewall
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Wheeler MT, Ho M, Knowles JW, Pavlovic A, Ashley EA. Pharmacogenetics of heart failure: evidence, opportunities, and challenges for cardiovascular pharmacogenomics. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2008; 1:25-36. [PMID: 20559955 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-007-9007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a significant medical problem affecting more than five million people in the USA alone. Although clinical trials of pharmacological agents have demonstrated significant reductions in the relative risk of mortality across populations, absolute mortality remains high. In addition, individual variation in response is great. Some of this variation may be explained by genetic polymorphism. In this paper, we review the key studies to date in heart failure pharmacogenetics, setting this against a background of recent progress in the genetics of warfarin metabolism. Several polymorphisms that have supporting molecular and clinical data in the heart failure literature are reviewed, among them the beta1-adrenergic receptor variant Arg389Gly and the angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism. These variants and others are responsible for a fraction of the total variation seen in the treatment response to heart failure. With the dawn of the genomic age, further pharmacogenetic and new pharmacogenomic studies will advance our ability to tailor the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC MC 5406, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Norman B, Nygren AT, Nowak J, Sabina RL. The effect of AMPD1 genotype on blood flow response to sprint exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 103:173-80. [PMID: 18224333 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-008-0683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inherited deficiency of skeletal muscle myoadenylate deaminase (mAMPD) is a genetic disorder characterized primarily by a 34C>T transition in exon 2 of the AMPD1 gene. mAMPD deficient individuals exhibit alterations in ATP catabolic flow, resulting in greater adenosine accumulation during high intensity exercise that may possibly enhance exercise-induced hyperaemia. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals with diminished mAMPD activity due to mutations in the AMPD1 gene develop a greater and faster blood flow response to high intensity exercise than individuals with two AMPD1 normal alleles (NN). Four 34C>T homozygotes, two compound heterozygotes (34C>T in one allele and a recently identified 404delT mutation in the other AMPD1 allele), collectively termed MM, one 34C>T heterozygote (NM) and eight NN males were studied. They performed a 30 s Wingate cycling test with monitoring of power output and other parameters of exercise performance. Common femoral artery blood flow was measured before and after (up to 25 min) exercise, using ultrasonography. Mean power during Wingate cycling was approximately 10% lower in MM/NM than in NN; p<0.01. Blood flow response to exercise also differed between MM/NM and NN individuals (ANOVA; p<0.001). There was also a difference in peak post-exercise blood flow (p<0.05), and the subsequent fall in blood flow during the recovery phase (T1/2) occurred more than twice as fast in MM/NM compared to NN subjects (7.8+/-1.1 min vs. 16.1+/-1.4 min, p<0.001). These results suggest a better circulatory adaptation to exercise in individuals with diminished mAMPD activity, probably due to an AMPD1 genotype-dependent increase in adenosine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Norman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Palmer BR, Frampton CM, Richards AM, Cameron VA. AMPD1 gene polymorphism and survival in patients with stable congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 2007; 153:e13. [PMID: 17452134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2007.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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SANADA S, ASANUMA H, KORETSUNE Y, WATANABE K, NANTO S, AWATA N, HOKI N, FUKUNAMI M, KITAKAZE M, HORI M. Long-Term Oral Administration of Dipyridamole Improves Both Cardiac and Physical Status in Patients with Mild to Moderate Chronic Heart Failure: A Prospective Open-Randomized Study. Hypertens Res 2007; 30:913-9. [DOI: 10.1291/hypres.30.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Funakoshi H, Chan TO, Good JC, Libonati JR, Piuhola J, Chen X, MacDonnell SM, Lee LL, Herrmann DE, Zhang J, Martini J, Palmer TM, Sanbe A, Robbins J, Houser SR, Koch WJ, Feldman AM. Regulated Overexpression of the A
1
-Adenosine Receptor in Mice Results in Adverse but Reversible Changes in Cardiac Morphology and Function. Circulation 2006; 114:2240-50. [PMID: 17088462 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.620211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Both the A
1
- and A
3
-adenosine receptors (ARs) have been implicated in mediating the cardioprotective effects of adenosine. Paradoxically, overexpression of both A
1
-AR and A
3
-AR is associated with changes in the cardiac phenotype. To evaluate the temporal relationship between AR signaling and cardiac remodeling, we studied the effects of controlled overexpression of the A
1
-AR using a cardiac-specific and tetracycline-transactivating factor–regulated promoter.
Methods and Results—
Constitutive A
1
-AR overexpression caused the development of cardiac dilatation and death within 6 to 12 weeks. These mice developed diminished ventricular function and decreased heart rate. In contrast, when A
1
-AR expression was delayed until 3 weeks of age, mice remained phenotypically normal at 6 weeks, and >90% of the mice survived at 30 weeks. However, late induction of A
1
-AR still caused mild cardiomyopathy at older ages (20 weeks) and accelerated cardiac hypertrophy and the development of dilatation after pressure overload. These changes were accompanied by gene expression changes associated with cardiomyopathy and fibrosis and by decreased Akt phosphorylation. Discontinuation of A
1
-AR induction mitigated cardiac dysfunction and significantly improved survival rate.
Conclusions—
These data suggest that robust constitutive myocardial A
1
-AR overexpression induces a dilated cardiomyopathy, whereas delaying A
1
-AR expression until adulthood ameliorated but did not eliminate the development of cardiac pathology. Thus, the inducible A
1
-AR transgenic mouse model provides novel insights into the role of adenosine signaling in heart failure and illustrates the potentially deleterious consequences of selective versus nonselective activation of adenosine-signaling pathways in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Funakoshi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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de Groote P, Lamblin N, Helbecque N, Mouquet F, Hermant X, Amouyel P, Dallongeville J, Bauters C. The impact of the AMPD1 gene polymorphism on exercise capacity, other prognostic parameters, and survival in patients with stable congestive heart failure: a study in 686 consecutive patients. Am Heart J 2006; 152:736-41. [PMID: 16996850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that the adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) C34T polymorphism may be associated with survival in cardiac populations with a protective effect of the T allele. However, these studies included limited number of patients with few cardiovascular events. METHODS We prospectively analyzed the impact of the C34T polymorphism of the AMPD1 gene in 686 unrelated white patients with stable congestive heart failure related to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Patients underwent echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Blood samples were drawn for standard and hormonal determinations and for genetic analysis. RESULTS There were 517 (75%) CC homozygotes, 155 (23%) CT heterozygotes, and 14 (2%) TT mutated homozygotes. We did not demonstrate any impact of this polymorphism on clinical, biologic, echocardiographic, radionuclide, and exercise parameters in the whole population and in ischemic and nonischemic subgroups of patients. During a median follow-up period of 3 years, there were 145 cardiac-related deaths and 6 urgent transplantations. There was no impact of this polymorphism on survival. CONCLUSIONS In our population, we did not demonstrate any effect of the C34T polymorphism of the AMPD1 gene on major congestive heart failure parameters and on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal de Groote
- Service de Cardiologie C, Hôpital Cardiologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Boul Prof J Leclercq, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
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Collins RP, Palmer BR, Pilbrow AP, Frampton CM, Troughton RW, Yandle TG, Skelton L, Richards AM, Cameron VA. Evaluation of AMPD1 C34T genotype as a predictor of mortality in heart failure and post-myocardial infarction patients. Am Heart J 2006; 152:312-20. [PMID: 16875916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AMPD1 gene C34T polymorphism has previously been associated with prolonged survival in small cohorts of heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease patients. This study aimed to corroborate the association of the AMPD1 C34T polymorphism with survival in larger myocardial infarction (MI) and HF cohorts. METHODS Genotypes were obtained for 935 post-MI (PMI) and 433 patients with established HF, with median follow-up times of 5.4 and 3.1 years, respectively. At admission, cardiac function was assessed by nuclear ventriculography (PMI) and echocardiography (HF) and plasma cardiac neurohormones were assayed. RESULTS Differences in mortality by AMPD1 genotype did not achieve significance, either for the overall HF (P = .07) or the overall PMI group (P = .28), but AMPD1 genotype predicted mortality in patients of both cohorts with a history of MI (HxMI). In contrast to previous studies, the mutant T allele was associated with poorer outcome. Mortality in HF HxMI patients was significantly different between genotype groups (n = 144, mortality CC 56.5%, CT/TT 77.8%, P = .027), but not in patients without HxMI. In PMI patients, the association of genotype with survival in the HxMI subgroup trended toward significance (n = 147, mortality CC 29.8%, CT/TT 45.5%, P = .093). Multivariate analysis of combined PMI and HF cohorts showed that HxMI patients with CT/TT genotype were at greater risk than all other groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that AMPD1 C34T genotype is not a predictor of survival in heart disease patients, except possibly those with HxMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Collins
- Christchurch Cardioendocrine Research Group, Department of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Hanisch F, Hellsten Y, Zierz S. Ecto- and cytosolic 5′-nucleotidases in normal and AMP deaminase-deficient human skeletal muscle. Biol Chem 2006; 387:53-8. [PMID: 16497164 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is mainly deaminated by AMP deaminase. However, the C34T mutation in the AMPD1 gene severely reduces AMP deaminase activity. Alternatively, intracellular AMP is dephosphorylated to adenosine via cytosolic AMP 5'-nucleotidase (cN-I). In individuals with a homozygous C34T mutation, cN-I might be a more important pathway for AMP removal. We determined activities of AMP deaminase, cN-I, total cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase (total cN), ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ectoN) and whole homogenate 5'-nucleotidase activity in skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with different AMPD1 genotypes [homozygotes for C34T mutation (TT); heterozygotes for C34T mutation (CT); and homozygotes for wild type (CC): diseased controls CC; and normal controls CC]. AMP deaminase activity showed genotype-dependent differences. Total cN activity in normal controls accounted for 57+/-22% of whole homogenate 5'-nucleotidase activity and was not significantly different from the other groups. A weak inverse correlation was found between AMP deaminase and cN-I activities (r2=0.18, p<0.01). There were no significant differences between different groups in the activities of cN-I, whole homogenate 5'-nucleotidase and ectoN, or in cN-I expression on Western blots. No correlation for age, fibre type distribution and AMPD1 genotype was found for whole homogenate nucleotidase, total cN and cN-I using multiple linear regression analysis. There was no gender-specific difference in the activities of whole homogenate nucleotidase, total cN and cN-I. The results indicate no changes in the relative expression or catalytic behaviour of cN-I in AMP deaminase-deficient human skeletal muscle, but suggest that increased turnover of AMP by cN-I in working skeletal muscle is due to higher substrate availability of AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hanisch
- Neurological Department, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, D-06097 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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Kolek MJ, Carlquist JF, Thaneemit-Chen S, Lazzeroni LC, Whiting BM, Horne BD, Muhlestein JB, Lavori P, Anderson JL. The Role of a Common Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase (AMPD)-1 Polymorphism in Outcomes of Ischemic and Nonischemic Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2005; 11:677-83. [PMID: 16360962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.06.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common variant of the adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD)-1 gene (C34T) results in enzymatic inactivity and may increase adenosine in cardiac muscle and confer cardioprotection through ischemic preconditioning. METHODS AND RESULTS We hypothesized that AMPD1 carriers with ischemic heart failure (HF) in the Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST) might have a relative survival advantage. Patients (n = 1038, 20% black) with ischemic (58%) and nonischemic (42%) HF were followed for an average of 2.0 years for cardiovascular mortality. DNA was purified from blood using phenol/chloroform. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with 5' exonuclease chemistry. Differences in survival were assessed by comparing Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test. Genotype frequencies differed by ethnicity (P < .001) but not by disease etiology. AMPD1 genotype did not significantly modify survival in the entire study population (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.61-1.37), among ischemics (HR = 0.73, CI = 0.44-1.22, P = .23), or ischemic non-blacks (HR = 0.74, CI = 0.44-1.24, P = .25). Genotype did not modify the effect of bucindolol on mortality. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study failed to confirm a reported survival benefit among HF patients carrying the AMPD1 T-allele. However, further studies in larger, more homogeneous populations should explore the possibility of a modest survival advantage for patients with ischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kolek
- Cardiovascular Department, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA
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