1
|
Lancaster JW. Heart Failure in Older People Part 1: Disease State Review and Lifestyle Interventions. Sr Care Pharm 2024; 39:325-332. [PMID: 39180178 DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2024.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The care for patients with heart failure (HF) has evolved greatly over the past decade. While new guidelines have provided more clarity on categorization and staging, and novel agents have been approved for use, there are still questions surrounding the optimal strategies as they relate to diet and exercise. Additionally, overall health care costs have increased for patients, driven in part by medication therapy. Given the myriad comorbidities associated with the diagnosis of HF, senior care pharmacists are positioned to positively impact the care for patients with HF, regardless of setting. As the guidelines continue to evolve, addressing a wider spectrum of the disease, including iron deficiency, mental health, and pain, so must the pharmacist's role in caring for patients with HF. Senior care pharmacists engaged in the management of older people with HF must be especially attuned to the unique and individualized care each patient needs, offering guidance and education in balancing treatment modalities across all aspects of care. In this three-part series, we will explore a number of areas central to the management of HF. This first section will focus on the cost of treatment, pathophysiology, and non-pharmacologic management. Series two and three will address guideline-directed medication therapy and special population management, respectively.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kato NP, Nagatomo Y, Kawai F, Kitai T, Mizuno A. Fluid Restriction for Patients with Heart Failure: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. J Pers Med 2024; 14:741. [PMID: 39063995 PMCID: PMC11277838 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluid restriction has long been believed to benefit patients with heart failure by counteracting the activated renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous activity. However, its effectiveness remains controversial. In this paper, we summarized the current recommendations and reviewed the scientific evidence on fluid restriction in the setting of both acute decompensated heart failure and compensated heart failure. While a recent meta-analysis demonstrated the beneficial effects of fluid restriction on both all-cause mortality and hospitalization compared to usual care, several weaknesses were identified in the assessment of the methodological quality of the meta-analysis using AMSTAR 2. Further randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to elucidate the benefits of fluid restriction for both clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko P. Kato
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan;
| | - Fujimi Kawai
- Library, Department of Academic Resources, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Kitai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita 564-8565, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Mizuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng Y, Chen Q, Xia C, Liu H. Thirst symptoms in patients with heart failure: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38771082 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify the risk and protective factors affecting thirst symptoms in patients with heart failure (HF) and intervention strategies to alleviate thirst symptoms. DESIGN An integrative review. METHODS A total of 61 articles were retrieved. Screening yielded a total of 21 articles which were appraised for quality. The quality of studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. DATA SOURCES Ten electronic databases were searched in October 2023, including Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, Wiley, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang. In addition, we searched grey databases and manually searched reference lists of included and relevant reviews. RESULTS In total, 1644 articles were retrieved, of which 21 were included. Eight studies addressed the factors. Six themes emerged as risk factors, including demographics, severity of disease, psycho-environmental, medication, fluid restriction and homeostasis. Conversely, an increase in fluid intake, a high score of sodium restriction diet attitude and using ARB were identified as protective factors. Thirteen studies focus on intervention strategies. Five unique intervention strategies were identified, including Traditional Chinese Medicine, mint-related interventions, sour-flavour interventions, improved water restriction and cluster nursing strategy. CONCLUSION This finding identified the factors associated with thirst symptoms in patients with HF, especially concerning the elaboration of risk factors, which suggests that healthcare professionals should focus on the risk factors for thirst in patients with HF and consciously avoid the occurrence of these risk factors. Additionally, there are considerable cultural differences in interventions, therefore, to increase adherence during symptom management, careful selection of appropriate intervention strategies based on the requirements and preferences of patients is required. While there are some therapies, there aren't enough high-quality empirical investigations. Thus, multi-centre, large-sample studies are also required in subsequent research to demonstrate the interventions' effectiveness. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION The nurse must notice the symptoms of thirst in HF to slow down the disease's progression and improve the patient's physical and emotional well-being. REPORTING METHOD The review complies with the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zheng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiongshan Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chengyu Xia
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Van den Eynde J, Verbrugge FH. Renal Sodium Avidity in Heart Failure. Cardiorenal Med 2024; 14:270-280. [PMID: 38565080 DOI: 10.1159/000538601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased renal sodium avidity is a hallmark feature of the heart failure syndrome. SUMMARY Increased renal sodium avidity refers to the inability of the kidneys to elicit potent natriuresis in response to sodium loading. This eventually causes congestion, which is a major contributor to hospital admissions and mortality in heart failure. KEY MESSAGES Important novel concepts such as the renal tamponade hypothesis, accelerated nephron loss, and the role of hypochloremia, the sympathetic nervous system, inflammation, the lymphatic system, and interstitial sodium buffers are involved in the pathophysiology of renal sodium avidity. A good understanding of these concepts is crucially important with respect to treatment recommendations regarding dietary sodium restriction, fluid restriction, rapid up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapies, combination diuretic therapy, natriuresis-guided diuretic therapy, use of hypertonic saline, and ultrafiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mullens W, Damman K, Dhont S, Banerjee D, Bayes-Genis A, Cannata A, Chioncel O, Cikes M, Ezekowitz J, Flammer AJ, Martens P, Mebazaa A, Mentz RJ, Miró Ò, Moura B, Nunez J, Ter Maaten JM, Testani J, van Kimmenade R, Verbrugge FH, Metra M, Rosano GMC, Filippatos G. Dietary sodium and fluid intake in heart failure. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2024; 26:730-741. [PMID: 38606657 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium and fluid restriction has traditionally been advocated in patients with heart failure (HF) due to their sodium and water avid state. However, most evidence regarding the altered sodium handling, fluid homeostasis and congestion-related signs and symptoms in patients with HF originates from untreated patient cohorts and physiological investigations. Recent data challenge the beneficial role of dietary sodium and fluid restriction in HF. Consequently, the European Society of Cardiology HF guidelines have gradually downgraded these recommendations over time, now advising for the limitation of salt intake to no more than 5 g/day in patients with HF, while contemplating fluid restriction of 1.5-2 L/day only in selected patients. Therefore, the objective of this clinical consensus statement is to provide advice on fluid and sodium intake in patients with acute and chronic HF, based on contemporary evidence and expert opinion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Mullens
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V, Genk, Belgium
- Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Kevin Damman
- University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Dhont
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V, Genk, Belgium
- Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Debasish Banerjee
- Renal and Transplantation Unit, St George's University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Cannata
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Medicine Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maja Cikes
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Zagreb School of Medicine & University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Justin Ezekowitz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andreas J Flammer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pieter Martens
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg A.V, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Òscar Miró
- Department of Emergency, Hospital Clínic, 'Processes and Pathologies, Emergencies Research Group' IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brenda Moura
- Hospital das Forças Armadas and Cintesis - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julio Nunez
- Cardiology Department and Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jozine M Ter Maaten
- University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Testani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roland van Kimmenade
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M C Rosano
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Research Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
- Cardiology, San Raffaele Cassino, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Shah A, Jani Y, Higgins D, Saleem N, Chafer K, Sydes MR, Asselbergs FW, Lumbers RT. Rationale and design of the THIRST Alert feasibility study: a pragmatic, single-centre, parallel-group randomised controlled trial of an interruptive alert for oral fluid restriction in patients treated with intravenous furosemide. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080410. [PMID: 38216198 PMCID: PMC10806795 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute heart failure (HF) is a major cause of unplanned hospitalisation characterised by excess body water. A restriction in oral fluid intake is commonly imposed on patients as an adjunct to pharmacological therapy with loop diuretics, but there is a lack of evidence from traditional randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to support the safety and effectiveness of this intervention in the acute setting.This study aims to explore the feasibility of using computer alerts within the electronic health record (EHR) system to invite clinical care teams to enrol patients into a pragmatic RCT at the time of clinical decision-making. It will additionally assess the effectiveness of using an alert to help address the clinical research question of whether oral fluid restriction is a safe and effective adjunct to pharmacological therapy for patients admitted with fluid overload. METHODS AND ANALYSIS THIRST (Randomised Controlled Trial within the electronic Health record of an Interruptive alert displaying a fluid Restriction Suggestion in patients with the treatable Trait of congestion) Alert is a single-centre, parallel-group, open-label pragmatic RCT embedded in the EHR system that will be conducted as a feasibility study at an National Health Service (NHS) hospital in London. The clinical care team will be invited to enrol suitable patients in the study using a point-of-care alert with a target sample size of 50 patients. Enrolled patients will then be randomised to either restricted or unrestricted oral fluid intake. Two primary outcomes will be explored (1) the proportion of eligible patients enrolled in the study and (2) the mean difference in oral fluid intake between randomised groups. A series of secondary outcomes are specified to evaluate the effectiveness of the alert, adherence to the randomised treatment allocation and the quality of data generated from routine care, relevant to the outcomes of interest. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by Riverside Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 22/LO/0889) and will be published on completion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05869656.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Clinical and Research Informatics Unit, NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anoop Shah
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Clinical and Research Informatics Unit, NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yogini Jani
- Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research & Education - CMORE, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Higgins
- Clinical and Research Informatics Unit, NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nausheen Saleem
- Clinical and Research Informatics Unit, NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kris Chafer
- Clinical and Research Informatics Unit, NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Robert Sydes
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Colin-Ramirez E, Arcand J, Saldarriaga C, Ezekowitz JA. The current state of evidence for sodium and fluid restriction in heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 82:43-54. [PMID: 38215917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The field of heart failure has evolved in terms of the therapies that are available including pharmaceutical and device therapies. There is now substantial randomized trial data to indicate that dietary sodium restriction does not provide the reduction in clinical events with accepted heterogeneity in the clinical trial results. Dietary sodium restriction should be considered for some but not all patients and with different objectives than clinical outcomes but instead for potential quality of life benefit. In addition, fluid restriction, once the mainstay of clinical practice, has not shown to be of any additional benefit for patients in hospital or in the ambulatory care setting and therefore should be considered to be used cautiously (if at all) in clinical practice. Further developments and clinical trials are needed in this area to better identify patients who may benefit or have harm from these lower cost interventions and future research should focus on large scale, high quality, clinical trials rather than observational data to drive clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Arcand
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clara Saldarriaga
- Centro Cardiovascular Colombiano Clinica Santa Maria (Clinica Cardio VID), Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Justin A Ezekowitz
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Ding J, Xi Y, Huo M, Mou Y, Song Y, Zhou H, Cui X. Thirst in heart failure: A scoping review. Nurs Open 2023; 10:4948-4958. [PMID: 37247329 PMCID: PMC10333895 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to summarise the overall picture of thirst-related research in patients with heart failure. DESIGN We conducted a scoping review following the Arskey and O'Malley methodological framework along with the PAGER framework. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Jonna Briggs Institute, ProQuest Database, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PQDT, CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP and CBM. Additionally, grey literature including grey databases (Opengrey, OpenDoar, Openaire and BASEL Bielefeld Academic Search Engine), conferences or articles (Scopus and Microsoft Academic), graduate theses databases (eTHOS, DART Europe, Worldcat and EBSCO Open Dissertations) and government information media (UK guidance and regulations, USA government websites, EU Bookshop and UN official publications) were searched. The databases were searched from inception to 18 August 2022 for Articles written in English and Chinese. Two researchers independently screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a third researcher adjudicated disagreements. RESULTS We retrieved 825 articles, of which 26 were included. Three themes were summarised from these articles: (a) the incidence of thirst in patients with heart failure; (b) the thirst-related factors in patients with heart failure; and (c) the intervention measures of thirst in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Chen
- Department of NursingGansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhouGansuChina
- Cardiovascular DepartmentThe First People's Hospital of Li CountyLixianGansuChina
| | - Jin Ding
- Cardiovascular CenterAffiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Yingbo Xi
- Cardiovascular CenterAffiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Minfeng Huo
- Department of Basic MedicineGansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Yingjian Mou
- Cardiovascular DepartmentThe First People's Hospital of Li CountyLixianGansuChina
| | - Yu Song
- Department of NursingGansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Hailing Zhou
- Department of NursingGansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhouGansuChina
- Cardiovascular CenterAffiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Xiaoqin Cui
- Department of NursingGansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhouGansuChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lifestyle Modification in Heart Failure Management: Are We Using Evidence-Based Recommendations in Real World Practice? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2023; 5:21-33. [PMID: 36818143 PMCID: PMC9902645 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The heart failure (HF) guideline's purpose is to assist medical professionals while treating patients with HF in accordance with the best current research. Many cases of HF are both, avoidable and treatable thanks to scientific trials. Management is, therefore, based on lifestyle changes, also called non-pharmacological treatment. These, based on lifestyle changes, should be recommended in every patient at risk for HF or with diagnosed of HF, but evidence in itself is scarce. DASH Diet could be clearly beneficial while Mediterranean diet doesn't have enough evidence at the present moment. Smoking should be stopped, and excessive amounts of alcohol drinking avoided, but there is no clinical trial nor registry performed on these aspects. A moderate salt restriction is better than a strict reduction. Exercise and cardiac rehabilitation are beneficial but there are no clear recommendations about type, duration, etc. Most of the evidence that we have in HF patients with obesity is contradictory. Finally, due to the high number of aged frail patients in HF lifestyle changes should be individualized, but again available data is scant. Therefore, due to the lack of current evidence, these gaps need to be considered and need new efforts on investigation in the next future.
Collapse
|
10
|
Herrmann JJ, Beckers-Wesche F, Baltussen LEHJM, Verdijk MHI, Bellersen L, Brunner-la Rocca HP, Jaarsma T, Pisters R, Sanders-van Wijk S, Rodwell L, Van Royen N, Gommans DHF, Van Kimmenade RRJ. Fluid REStriction in Heart failure versus liberal fluid UPtake: Rationale and design of the randomised FRESH-UP study. J Card Fail 2022; 28:1522-1530. [PMID: 35705150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS It is common practice for clinicians to advise fluid restriction to heart failure (HF) patients, but data from clinical trials are lacking. Moreover, fluid restriction is associated with thirst distress and may adversely impact quality of life (QoL). To address this gap in evidence, the Fluid REStriction in Heart failure versus liberal fluid UPtake (FRESH-UP) study was initiated. METHODS The FRESH-UP study is a randomised, controlled, open-label, multicentre trial to investigate the effect of a 3-month period of liberal fluid intake versus fluid restriction (1500ml/day) on QoL in outpatient chronic HF patients (NYHA II-III). The primary aim is to assess the effect on QoL after 3 months using the Overall Summary Score of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Thirst distress as assessed by the Thirst Distress Scale for patients with HF, KCCQ Clinical Summary Score, each of the KCCQ domains and clinically meaningful changes in these scores, the EQ-5D-5L, patient reported fluid intake and safety (i.e. death, HF hospitalisations) are secondary outcomes. The FRESH-UP study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04551729). CONCLUSION The results of the FRESH-UP study will substantially add to the level of evidence concerning fluid management in chronic HF and may impact QoL of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Job J Herrmann
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Marjolein H I Verdijk
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Bellersen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tiny Jaarsma
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Ron Pisters
- Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Sanders-van Wijk
- Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen/Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Rodwell
- Section Biostatistics, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Van Royen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D H Frank Gommans
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ezekowitz JA. Fluid restriction: Time to let it flow? J Card Fail 2022; 28:1480-1481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.03.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
12
|
García-García A, Alvarez-Sala-Walther LA, Lee HY, Sierra C, Pascual-Figal D, Camafort M. Is there sufficient evidence to justify changes in dietary habits in heart failure patients? A systematic review. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:37-47. [PMID: 34482681 PMCID: PMC8747930 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing worldwide, leading to high morbidity and mortality. The global management of HF involves lifestyle changes in addition to pharmacological treatments. Changes include exercise and dietary recommendations, mainly salt and fluid restriction, but without any clear evidence. We conducted a systematic review to analyse the degree of evidence for these dietary recommendations in HF. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT), and observational studies in humans were selected. Studies were considered eligible if they included participants with HF and sodium and/or fluid restriction. Publications in languages other than English or Spanish were excluded. We included 15 studies related to sodium or fluid restriction. Nine RCT and six observational studies showed some improvements in symptoms and quality of life and a degree of reduction in new hospitalizations, but the results are based on limited population groups, applying different methodologies, and with different restriction goals. We found a lack of clear evidence of the benefits of sodium/fluid restriction in chronic HF. The evidence is limited to few studies with conflicting results. Randomized clinical trials are needed to fill this gap in our knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra García-García
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Gregorio Marañon" University General Hospital, Madrid,
Spain
| | | | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Cristina Sierra
- Department of Internal Medicine-ICMiD, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Domingo Pascual-Figal
- Department of Cardiology, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University General Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia,
Spain
| | - Miguel Camafort
- Department of Internal Medicine-ICMiD, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Caton JB, Jimenez S, Wang SX. Things We Do for No Reason™: Fluid Restriction for the Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Hosp Med 2021; 16:754-756. [PMID: 34826269 DOI: 10.12788/jhm.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia B Caton
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Shirin Jimenez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Samantha Xy Wang
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Simão DO, Júlia da Costa R, Fonseca Verneque BJ, Ferreira do Amaral J, Chagas GM, Duarte CK. Sodium and/or fluid restriction and nutritional parameters of adult patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:33-44. [PMID: 34620336 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome resulting from the structural and/or functional impairment of blood supply to tissues. Congestion and edema associated with water retention are the main symptoms presented by patients. Fluid (FR) and sodium restriction are non-pharmacological measures indicated in clinical practice to mitigate this symptom, despite their low evidence level. AIM Assessing the impact of sodium and/or fluid restriction on nutritional parameters of adult patients with HF, based on systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS The study was conducted in June 2020, on the following databases: EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Web of Science. Citations were also collected in the gray literature such as thesis banks and preprints. Randomized clinical trials conducted with patients in the age group 18 years, or older, who were hospitalized or under outpatient/clinical follow-up, and who were subjected to intervention based on fluid and/or sodium restriction in comparison to the control, were herein selected. RESULTS Although FR-based diets are effective in reducing liquid intake, they increase individuals' thirst sensation and body weight in comparison to non-FR diets. The association between this intervention and sodium restriction is also effective in reducing liquid intake as sodium intake decreases. However, the association of the most severe (<2000 mg/day) and moderate (2000-2400 mg/day) sodium restrictions with FR has reduced energy intake, although without evidence of weight change - only the most severe sodium restriction was capable of keeping individuals' thirst sensation. In addition, moderate sodium restrictions (2300 to 3000 mg/day) in association with FR were capable of decreasing urinary sodium excretion. On the other hand, prescriptions of severe or moderate sodium restriction (<2,400 mg/d) alone have reduced individuals' body weight and BMI, although they did not change their caloric intake. However, severe sodium restriction (<2,000 mg) has led to higher body weight than the low-sodium diet (2000 to 2,4000 mg/day). CONCLUSION Sodium restriction may not be an effective strategy because it adversely affects individuals' weight, a fact that suggests increased congestion. Weight-based FR is supported to bethe best way to individualize this non-pharmacological treatment and it does not appear to affect nutritional parameters capable of putting patients with HF at higher malnutrition risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Oliveira Simão
- Unidade Multiprofissional e Reabilitação - Nutrição Clínica, Hospital Das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Júlia da Costa
- Departamento de Nutrição da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Joana Ferreira do Amaral
- Departamento de Nutrição Clínica e Social da Escola de Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Gicele Mendes Chagas
- Unidade Multiprofissional e Reabilitação - Nutrição Clínica, Hospital Das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Kümmel Duarte
- Departamento de Nutrição da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gupta AK, Tomasoni D, Sidhu K, Metra M, Ezekowitz JA. Evidence-Based Management of Acute Heart Failure. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:621-631. [PMID: 33440229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure (AHF) is a complex, heterogeneous, clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, incurring significant health care costs. Patients transition from home to the emergency department, the hospital, and home again and require decisions surrounding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis at each step of the way. The purpose of this review is to examine the epidemiology, etiology, and classifications of AHF and specifically focus on practical information relevant to the clinician. We examine the mechanisms of decompensation relevant to clinical presentations-including precipitating factors, neuroendocrine interactions, and inflammation-along with how consideration of these factors may help select therapies for an individual patient. The prevalence and significance of end-organ manifestations such as renal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurologic manifestations are discussed. We also highlight how the development of renal dysfunction relates to the choice of a variety of diuretics that may be useful in specific circumstances and review guideline-directed medical therapy. We discuss the practical use (and pitfalls) of a variety of evidence-based clinical scoring criteria available to risk stratify patients with AHF. Finally, evidence-based management of AHF is discussed, including both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies, including the lack of evidence for using old and new vasodilators and the recent evidence regarding initiation of newer therapies in hospital. Overall, we suggest that clinicians consider implementing the newer data in AHF and subject existing practice patterns and treatments to the same rigour as new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun K Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Kiran Sidhu
- Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marco Metra
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Justin A Ezekowitz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schumacher CA, Van Dril EK, Shealy KM, Goldman JD. Optimizing Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications in Patients With Heart Failure. Clin Diabetes 2021; 39:105-116. [PMID: 33551561 PMCID: PMC7839600 DOI: 10.2337/cd20-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
17
|
Jones TW, Smith SE, Van Tuyl JS, Newsome AS. Sepsis With Preexisting Heart Failure: Management of Confounding Clinical Features. J Intensive Care Med 2020; 36:989-1012. [PMID: 32495686 DOI: 10.1177/0885066620928299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preexisting heart failure (HF) in patients with sepsis is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Core sepsis management includes aggressive volume resuscitation followed by vasopressors (and potentially inotropes) if fluid is inadequate to restore perfusion; however, large fluid boluses and vasoactive agents are concerning amid the cardiac dysfunction of HF. This review summarizes evidence regarding the influence of HF on sepsis clinical outcomes, pathophysiologic concerns, resuscitation targets, hemodynamic interventions, and adjunct management (ie, antiarrhythmics, positive pressure ventilatory support, and renal replacement therapy) in patients with sepsis and preexisting HF. Patients with sepsis and preexisting HF receive less fluid during resuscitation; however, evidence suggests traditional fluid resuscitation targets do not increase the risk of adverse events in HF patients with sepsis and likely improve outcomes. Norepinephrine remains the most well-supported vasopressor for patients with sepsis with preexisting HF, while dopamine may induce more cardiac adverse events. Dobutamine should be used cautiously given its generally detrimental effects but may have an application when combined with norepinephrine in patients with low cardiac output. Management of chronic HF medications warrants careful consideration for continuation or discontinuation upon development of sepsis, and β-blockers may be appropriate to continue in the absence of acute hemodynamic decompensation. Optimal management of atrial fibrillation may include β-blockers after acute hemodynamic stabilization as they have also shown independent benefits in sepsis. Positive pressure ventilatory support and renal replacement must be carefully monitored for effects on cardiac function when HF is present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Jones
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, 15506University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Susan E Smith
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, 15506University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph S Van Tuyl
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, 14408St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Sikora Newsome
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, 15506University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McGuinty C, Leong D, Weiss A, MacIver J, Kaya E, Hurlburt L, Billia F, Ross H, Wentlandt K. Heart Failure: A Palliative Medicine Review of Disease, Therapies, and Medications With a Focus on Symptoms, Function, and Quality of Life. J Pain Symptom Manage 2020; 59:1127-1146.e1. [PMID: 31866489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.12.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in heart failure (HF) treatment, HF remains a progressive, extremely symptomatic, and terminal disease with a median survival of 2.1 years after diagnosis. HF often leads to a constellation of symptoms, including dyspnea, fatigue, depression, anxiety, insomnia, pain, and worsened cognitive function. Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their caregivers facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness and therefore is well suited to support these patients. However, historically, palliative care has often focused on supporting patients with malignant disease, rather than a progressive chronic disease such as HF. Predicting mortality in patients with HF is challenging. The lack of obvious transition points in disease progression also raises challenges to primary care providers and specialists to know at what point to integrate palliative care during a patient's disease trajectory. Although therapies for HF often result in functional and symptomatic improvements including health-related quality of life (HRQL), some patients with HF do not demonstrate these benefits, including those patients with a preserved ejection fraction. Provision of palliative care for patients with HF requires an understanding of HF pathogenesis and common medications used for these patients, as well as an approach to balancing life-prolonging and HRQL care strategies. This review describes HF and current targeted therapies and their effects on symptoms, hospital admission rates, exercise performance, HRQL, and survival. Pharmacological interactions with and precautions related to commonly used palliative care medications are reviewed. The goal of this review is to equip palliative care clinicians with information to make evidence-based decisions while managing the balance between optimal disease management and patient quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline McGuinty
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek Leong
- Department of Pharmacy, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Weiss
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Palliative Care, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane MacIver
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ebru Kaya
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hurlburt
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filio Billia
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Ross
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirsten Wentlandt
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Palliative Care, Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Palliative Care, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Buttà C, Roberto M, Tuttolomondo A, Petrantoni R, Miceli G, Zappia L, Pinto A. Old and New Drugs for Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 26:1571-1583. [PMID: 31878852 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666191226165402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure (HF) is a progressive disease with high mortality and limited medical therapeutic options. Long-term mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation remain goldstandard treatments for these patients; however, access to these therapies is limited by the advanced age and multiple comorbidities of affected patients, as well as by the limited number of organs available. METHODS Traditional and new drugs available for the treatment of advanced HF have been researched. RESULTS To date, the cornerstone for the treatment of patients with advanced HF remains water restriction, intravenous loop diuretic therapy and inotropic support. However, many patients with advanced HF experience loop diuretics resistance and alternative therapeutic strategies to overcome this problem have been developed, including sequential nephron blockade or use of the hypertonic saline solution in combination with high-doses of furosemide. As classic inotropes augment myocardial oxygen consumption, new promising drugs have been introduced, including levosimendan, istaroxime and omecamtiv mecarbil. However, pharmacological agents still remain mainly short-term or palliative options in patients with acute decompensation or excluded from mechanical therapy. CONCLUSION Traditional drugs, especially when administered in combination, and new medicaments represent important therapeutic options in advanced HF. However, their impact on prognosis remains unclear. Large trials are necessary to clarify their therapeutic potential and prognostic role in these fragile patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Buttà
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Roberto
- Servizio di Cardiologia, Cardiocentro Ticino Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Medicina Interna e con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Petrantoni
- Pronto Soccorso, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio di Cefalù, 90015 Cefalù PA, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miceli
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Medicina Interna e con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Zappia
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Medicina Interna e con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Neubauer BE, Gray JT, Hemann BA. Heart Failure: Optimizing Recognition and Management in Outpatient Settings. Prim Care 2018; 45:63-79. [PMID: 29406945 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure represents a growing chronic medical condition with major implications on patient morbidity, mortality, and cost to health care systems. In this article, the heart failure syndrome is reviewed from a perspective of diagnosis and management, with updated therapeutic options reflected in major guidelines published since this topic was last reviewed in Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice in 2013. An emphasis is placed on the use of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology's staging system as a framework to improve early identification and treatment of patients at risk of symptomatic heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Neubauer
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Jeffery T Gray
- Internal Medicine Residency, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889-5600, USA
| | - Brian A Hemann
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889-5600, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aronow WS, Shamliyan TA. Dietary Sodium Interventions to Prevent Hospitalization and Readmission in Adults with Congestive Heart Failure. Am J Med 2018; 131:365-370.e1. [PMID: 29307539 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert S Aronow
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aggressive fluid and sodium restriction in decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Results from a randomized clinical trial. Nutrition 2018; 54:111-117. [PMID: 29793053 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sodium and fluid restriction is commonly prescribed for heart failure patients. However, its role in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a diet with sodium and fluid restriction with an unrestricted diet in patients admitted for decompensated HFpEF. METHODS Patients were randomized to a diet with sodium (0.8 g/d) and fluid (800 mL/d) restriction (intervention group [IG]) or an unrestricted diet (control group [CG]) and followed for 7 d or hospital discharge. The primary outcome was weight loss. Secondary outcomes included clinical stability, perception of thirst, neurohormonal activation, nutrient intake, readmission, and mortality rate after 30 d. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were included (30, IG; 23, CG). The mean ejection fraction was 62% ± 8% for IG and 60% ± 7% for CG (P = 0.44). Weight loss was similar in both groups, being 1.6 ± 2.2 kg in the IG and 1.8 ± 2.1 kg in CG (P = 0.49) as well as the reduction in the congestion score (IG = 3.4 ± 3.5; CG = 3.8 ± 3.4; P = 0.70). The daily perception of thirst was higher in the IG (P = 0.03). Lower energy consumption was seen in the IG (P <0.001). No significant between-group differences at 30 d were found. CONCLUSIONS Aggressive sodium and fluid restriction does not provide symptomatic or prognosis benefits, but does produce greater perception of thirst, may impair the patient's food intake, and does not seem to have an important neurohormonal effect in patients admitted for decompensated HFpEF.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ezekowitz JA, O'Meara E, McDonald MA, Abrams H, Chan M, Ducharme A, Giannetti N, Grzeslo A, Hamilton PG, Heckman GA, Howlett JG, Koshman SL, Lepage S, McKelvie RS, Moe GW, Rajda M, Swiggum E, Virani SA, Zieroth S, Al-Hesayen A, Cohen-Solal A, D'Astous M, De S, Estrella-Holder E, Fremes S, Green L, Haddad H, Harkness K, Hernandez AF, Kouz S, LeBlanc MH, Masoudi FA, Ross HJ, Roussin A, Sussex B. 2017 Comprehensive Update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1342-1433. [PMID: 29111106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the inception of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society heart failure (HF) guidelines in 2006, much has changed in the care for patients with HF. Over the past decade, the HF Guidelines Committee has published regular updates. However, because of the major changes that have occurred, the Guidelines Committee believes that a comprehensive reassessment of the HF management recommendations is presently needed, with a view to producing a full and complete set of updated guidelines. The primary and secondary Canadian Cardiovascular Society HF panel members as well as external experts have reviewed clinically relevant literature to provide guidance for the practicing clinician. The 2017 HF guidelines provide updated guidance on the diagnosis and management (self-care, pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, device, and referral) that should aid in day-to-day decisions for caring for patients with HF. Among specific issues covered are risk scores, the differences in management for HF with preserved vs reduced ejection fraction, exercise and rehabilitation, implantable devices, revascularization, right ventricular dysfunction, anemia, and iron deficiency, cardiorenal syndrome, sleep apnea, cardiomyopathies, HF in pregnancy, cardio-oncology, and myocarditis. We devoted attention to strategies and treatments to prevent HF, to the organization of HF care, comorbidity management, as well as practical issues around the timing of referral and follow-up care. Recognition and treatment of advanced HF is another important aspect of this update, including how to select advanced therapies as well as end of life considerations. Finally, we acknowledge the remaining gaps in evidence that need to be filled by future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eileen O'Meara
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael Chan
- Edmonton Cardiology Consultants, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anique Ducharme
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Adam Grzeslo
- Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Serge Lepage
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Miroslaw Rajda
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Sean A Virani
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabe De
- London Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Fremes
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee Green
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haissam Haddad
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karen Harkness
- Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Simon Kouz
- Centre Hospitalier Régional de Lanaudière, Joliette, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Andre Roussin
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce Sussex
- Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Miller RK, Thornton N. Does Evidence Drive Fluid Volume Restriction in Chronic Heart Failure? Nurs Clin North Am 2017; 52:261-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
25
|
Amin A, Chitsazan M, Shiukhi Ahmad Abad F, Taghavi S, Naderi N. On admission serum sodium and uric acid levels predict 30 day rehospitalization or death in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2017; 4:162-168. [PMID: 28451453 PMCID: PMC5396033 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A considerable proportion of hospitalized patients for acute decompensated heart failure will be readmitted or die in short-term follow-up. In the present study, we aimed to assess the role of admission sodium (Na) and uric acid (UA) levels in the prediction of 30 day post-discharge heart failure readmission or all-cause mortality in advanced heart failure patients admitted with acute decompensation. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and forty consecutive advanced heart failure patients who were admitted for a recent cardiac decompensation were enrolled in this prospective study. Serum Na and UA levels remained statistically unchanged during index admission (P = 0. 54 and 0.19, respectively). Within 30 days post-discharge, composite end point of heart failure rehospitalization or all-cause death occurred in 62 (44.3%) patients (event group). Length of stay was statistically similar between patients in the event and non-event groups (P = 0.38). No correlations were also found between length of stay and left ventricular ejection fraction, serum Na, UA, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatinine, and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels (all P > 0.05). Lower left ventricular ejection fraction and Na and higher UA on admission were significantly associated with 30 day event both in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Given the predictive role of baseline Na and UA for early post-discharge outcome and the absence of significant changes in their levels during initial hospitalization, admission Na and UA can be considered as prognosticators of acute decompensated heart failure, which their prognostic significance cannot be affected by routine acute heart failure therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Amin
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mitra Chitsazan
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Sepideh Taghavi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nasim Naderi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Dietary management of heart failure (HF) has largely been focused on sodium and fluid restrictions. Although safety and efficacy of these interventions in HF remain unclear, a daily sodium intake between 2000 and 3000 mg/day appears to be safe in these patients. Ongoing clinical research will inform on the safety and efficacy of a more restrictive sodium intake to less than 1500 mg/day. Data shows that routine fluid restriction in HF regardless of symptoms may be unnecessary; however, in patients with signs of congestion, fluid restriction to 2.0 L/day may be advisable. Recently, more attention has been paid to other nutritional aspects of HF beyond sodium and fluid intake, although there is still little evidence available to guide nutritional management of HF. Assuring that patients meet daily requirements for key micronutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, folate, vitamin E, vitamin D, zinc, and thiamine, is essential in order to prevent deficiencies. More appropriate macronutrient composition of the diet is still to be determined; however, a diet containing 50-55% carbohydrates, 25-30% fat, and 15-20% protein seems acceptable for patients with HF with or without non-end-stage renal disease. Additionally, increased protein intake may be considered in malnourished/cachectic patients. Consulting a registered dietitian is especially helpful for patients with recent HF exacerbations or for patients with multiple comorbidities who may need to follow several dietary restrictions and may benefit of individualized dietary counseling in order to ensure appropriate intake of energy, protein, and micronutrients. Today, there are still several knowledge gaps in guiding the dietary management of HF. In this article, we review current recommendations for the dietary management of HF and the evidence supporting this practice.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Fluid restriction is usually recommended in chronic heart failure. However, the evidence base to support this is not that clear. Searching in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple databases, we identified five systematic reviews evaluating 11 studies addressing the question of this article, including seven randomized trials. We extracted data, combined the evidence using meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table following the GRADE approach. We concluded fluid restriction probably decreases hospital readmission in chronic heart failure and might decrease mortality, but the certainty of the evidence for the latter is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Castro-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Proyecto Epistemonikos, Santiago, Chile. . Address: Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lira 63, Santiago Centro, Chile
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Proyecto Epistemonikos, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Salud Basada en Evidencia, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; GRADE working group; The Cochrane Collaboration
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Johansson P, van der Wal MH, Strömberg A, Waldréus N, Jaarsma T. Fluid restriction in patients with heart failure: how should we think? Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2016; 15:301-4. [PMID: 27169459 DOI: 10.1177/1474515116650346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Fluid restriction has long been considered one of the cornerstones in self-care management of patients with heart failure. The aim of this discussion paper is to discuss fluid restriction in heart failure and propose advice about fluid intake in heart failure patients. RESULTS Although there have been seven randomised studies on fluid restriction in heart failure patients, the effect of fluid restriction on its own were only evaluated in two studies. In both studies, a stringent fluid restriction compared to a liberal fluid intake was not more beneficial with regard to clinical stability or body weight. In the other studies fluid restriction was part of a larger study intervention including, for example, individualised dietary recommendations and follow-up by telephone. Thus, the effect of fluid restriction on its own has been poorly evaluated. CONCLUSION Fluid restriction should not be recommended to all heart failure patients. However, temporary fluid restriction can be considered in decompensated heart failure and/or patients with hyponatremia. Tailored fluid restriction based on body weight (30 ml/kg per day) seems to be most reasonable. To increase adherence to temporary fluid restriction, education, support and planned evaluations can be recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Johansson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martje Hl van der Wal
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Strömberg
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nana Waldréus
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden Department of Research, Södertälje Sjukhus, Sweden
| | - Tiny Jaarsma
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
There is growing awareness of the role of diet in both health and disease management. Much data are available on the cardioprotective diet in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. However, there is limited information on the role of diet in the management of heart failure (HF). Animal models of HF have provided interesting insight and potential mechanisms by which dietary manipulation may improve cardiac performance and delay the progression of the disease, and small-scale human studies have highlighted beneficial diet patterns. The aim of this review is to summarise the current data available on the role of diet in the management of human HF and to demonstrate that dietary manipulation needs to progress further than the simple recommendation of salt and fluid restriction.
Collapse
|
30
|
Obi Y, Kim T, Kovesdy CP, Amin AN, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Current and Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Hemodynamic Cardiorenal Syndrome. Cardiorenal Med 2016; 6:83-98. [PMID: 26989394 PMCID: PMC4790039 DOI: 10.1159/000441283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) encompasses conditions in which cardiac and renal disorders co-exist and are pathophysiologically related. The newest classification of CRS into seven etiologically and clinically distinct types for direct patient management purposes includes hemodynamic, uremic, vascular, neurohumoral, anemia- and/or iron metabolism-related, mineral metabolism-related and protein-energy wasting-related CRS. This classification also emphasizes the pathophysiologic pathways. The leading CRS category remains hemodynamic CRS, which is the most commonly encountered type in patient care settings and in which acute or chronic heart failure leads to renal impairment. SUMMARY This review focuses on selected therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of hemodynamic CRS. This is often characterized by an exceptionally high ratio of serum urea to creatinine concentrations. Loop diuretics, positive inotropic agents including dopamine and dobutamine, vasopressin antagonists including vasopressin receptor antagonists such as tolvaptan, nesiritide and angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitors are among the pharmacologic agents used. Additional therapies include ultrafiltration (UF) via hemofiltration or dialysis. The beneficial versus unfavorable effects of these therapies on cardiac decongestion versus renal blood flow may act in opposite directions. Some of the most interesting options for the outpatient setting that deserve revisiting include portable continuous dobutamine infusion, peritoneal dialysis and outpatient UF via hemodialysis or hemofiltration. KEY MESSAGES The new clinically oriented CRS classification system is helpful in identifying therapeutic targets and offers a systematic approach to an optimal management algorithm with better understanding of etiologies. Most interventions including UF have not shown a favorable impact on outcomes. Outpatient portable dobutamine infusion is underutilized and not well studied. Revisiting traditional and novel strategies for outpatient management of CRS warrants clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Obi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Orange, Calif., USA
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Orange, Calif., USA
| | - Taehee Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Orange, Calif., USA
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Orange, Calif., USA
- Department of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tenn., USA
| | - Alpesh N. Amin
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, Calif., USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Orange, Calif., USA
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Orange, Calif., USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Long Beach Health Care System, Long Beach, Calif., USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
De Vecchis R, Baldi C, Cioppa C, Giasi A, Fusco A. Effects of limiting fluid intake on clinical and laboratory outcomes in patients with heart failure. Results of a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Herz 2015; 41:63-75. [PMID: 26292805 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-015-4345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The guidelines of the Scientific Societies of Cardiology recommend limiting fluid intake as a nonpharmacological measure for the management of chronic heart failure (HF). However, many patients with HF may suffer from severe thirst. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of limiting fluid consumption based on various clinical and laboratory outcomes in patients with chronic HF. METHODS Only randomized controlled trials comparing liberal and restricted fluid oral intake in patients with HF were included. Primary outcomes were HF hospitalizations and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were the sensation of thirst, the duration of therapy with intravenous diuretics, and the serum levels of creatinine, sodium, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). RESULTS Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Significant heterogeneity was detected for the majority of outcomes. In 5 studies, patients with restricted fluid intake compared to patients with free consumption of beverages had similar rehospitalization and mortality rates. There were no differences regarding patients' sense of thirst (4 studies), duration of intravenous diuretic treatment (2 studies), serum creatinine levels (5 studies), and serum sodium levels (5 studies). Serum BNP levels were significantly higher in the group with free fluid intake (4 studies). CONCLUSION In patients with HF, liberal fluid consumption does not seem to exert an unfavorable impact on HF rehospitalizations or all-cause mortality. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to definitively confirm the present findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R De Vecchis
- Cardiology Unit, Presidio Sanitario Intermedio "Elena d'Aosta", via P.Gaurico 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
| | - C Baldi
- Heart Department, Interventional Cardiology, A.O.U. "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - C Cioppa
- Cardiology Unit, Presidio Sanitario Intermedio "Elena d'Aosta", via P.Gaurico 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Giasi
- Cardiology Unit, Presidio Sanitario Intermedio "Elena d'Aosta", via P.Gaurico 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Fusco
- Cardiology Unit, Presidio Sanitario Intermedio "Elena d'Aosta", via P.Gaurico 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The need for HF management is predicted to increase as the HF population ages. Balancing HF and the multiple cardiac comorbidities remains difficult for any single provider, but becomes Fig. 6. Five-year rates of death or urgent heart transplantation by deciles of total cholesterol in heart failure. (From Horwich TB, Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA, et al. Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure. J Card Fail 2002;8(4):222; with permission.) easier with the involvement of a team. Collaboration between physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, and other health care workers reduces the burden of care coordination and simultaneously improves delivery of care. Team-based approaches increase cost-effectiveness, reduce hospitalization rates, and equally important, give patients more resources and support, which research shows may ultimately improve compliance and outcomes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Butler J, Papadimitriou L, Georgiopoulou V, Skopicki H, Dunbar S, Kalogeropoulos A. Comparing Sodium Intake Strategies in Heart Failure: Rationale and Design of the Prevent Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure by Limiting Sodium (PROHIBIT) Study. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:636-45. [PMID: 25991806 PMCID: PMC4441040 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javed Butler
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., L.P., H.S.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (V.G., A.K.) and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing (S.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Lampros Papadimitriou
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., L.P., H.S.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (V.G., A.K.) and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing (S.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vasiliki Georgiopoulou
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., L.P., H.S.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (V.G., A.K.) and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing (S.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hal Skopicki
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., L.P., H.S.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (V.G., A.K.) and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing (S.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sandra Dunbar
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., L.P., H.S.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (V.G., A.K.) and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing (S.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andreas Kalogeropoulos
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B., L.P., H.S.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (V.G., A.K.) and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing (S.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
There are still many aspects of heart failure care for which gaps remain in the evidence base, resulting in gaps in the guidelines. We aim to highlight these guideline gaps including areas that warrant further research and other areas where new data are forthcoming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Tran
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles,California, USA
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles,California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Fu B, Qian X. Liberal Versus Restricted Fluid Administration in Heart Failure Patients. Int Heart J 2015; 56:192-5. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Division of Dermatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Biao Fu
- Division of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Division of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Piepoli M, Binno S, Villani GQ, Cabassi A. Management of oral chronic pharmacotherapy in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:321-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Rami K. Aggressive salt and water restriction in acutely decompensated heart failure: is it worth its weight in salt? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:1125-8. [PMID: 24073677 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.827466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the leading cause of hospitalization worldwide, especially in the elderly, and is associated with a high readmission rate and increased first year mortality. Fluid overload manifested by pulmonary congestion is seen in the majority of patients with ADHF and is believed to be the reason behind most admissions. ADHF is commonly treated with intravenous diuretics aimed to alleviate congestion and restore euvolemia. In fact, current European and American guidelines for heart failure (HF) consider relief of congestion as the first-line therapy in ADHF. Following the same theme of reducing fluid retention, historical approaches have recommended water and salt restriction as an essential non-pharmacological therapy in the management of symptomatic HF. This 'common sense' dietary practice was mainly based on experts' opinions and has been challenged by recent data suggesting that salt or fluid restriction has neutral outcomes in achieving clinical stability and improving signs and symptoms of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kahwash Rami
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ross Heart Hospital, Waxner Medical Center, At The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA +1 614 293 4967 +1 614 293 5614
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abete P, Testa G, Della-Morte D, Gargiulo G, Galizia G, de Santis D, Magliocca A, Basile C, Cacciatore F. Treatment for chronic heart failure in the elderly: current practice and problems. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 18:529-51. [PMID: 23124913 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-012-9363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for chronic heart failure (CHF) is strongly focused on evidence-based medicine. However, large trials are often far away from the "real world" of geriatric patients and their messages are poorly transferable to the clinical management of CHF elderly patients. Precipitating factors and especially non-cardiac comorbidity may decompensate CHF in the elderly. More importantly, drugs of first choice, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers, are still underused and effective drugs on diastolic dysfunction are not available. Poor adherence to therapy, especially for cognitive and depression disorders, worsens the management. Electrical therapy is indicated, but attention to the older age groups with reduced life expectancy has to be paid. Physical exercise, stem cells, gene delivery, and new devices are encouraging, but definitive results are still not available. Palliative care plays a key role to the end-stage of the disease. Follow-up of CHF elderly patient is very important but tele-medicine is the future. Finally, self-care management, caregiver training, and multidimensional team represent the critical point of the treatment for CHF elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Abete
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Scienze Cardiovascolari ed Immunologiche, Cattedra di Geriatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lainscak M, Blue L, Clark AL, Dahlström U, Dickstein K, Ekman I, McDonagh T, McMurray JJ, Ryder M, Stewart S, Strömberg A, Jaarsma T. Self-care management of heart failure: practical recommendations from the Patient Care Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 13:115-26. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mitja Lainscak
- Division of Cardiology; University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik; Golnik 36 SI-4204 Golnik Slovenia
- Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology; Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum; Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Ulf Dahlström
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences; Linkoping University; Linkoping Sweden
| | - Kenneth Dickstein
- Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
- Institute of Internal Medicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Inger Ekman
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences; The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University; Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | | | - Mary Ryder
- Heart Failure Unit; St Vincent's Healthcare Group; Dublin Ireland
| | - Simon Stewart
- Preventative Health; Baker IDI, Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - Anna Strömberg
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences; Linkoping University; Linkoping Sweden
| | - Tiny Jaarsma
- ISV, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences; Linkoping University; Linkoping Sweden
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Philipson H, Ekman I, Forslund HB, Swedberg K, Schaufelberger M. Salt and fluid restriction is effective in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 15:1304-10. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Inger Ekman
- University of Göteborg, Sahlgrenska Academy; Göteborg Sweden
| | | | - Karl Swedberg
- University of Göteborg, Sahlgrenska Academy; Göteborg Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
There are still many aspects of heart failure care for which gaps remain in the evidence base, resulting in gaps in the guidelines. We aim to highlight these guideline gaps including areas that warrant further research and other areas where new data are forthcoming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Tran
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, US
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, US
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Geraci SA, Horwich T, Januzzi JL, Johnson MR, Kasper EK, Levy WC, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, McMurray JJ, Mitchell JE, Peterson PN, Riegel B, Sam F, Stevenson LW, Tang WW, Tsai EJ, Wilkoff BL. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 or row(4708,4033)>(select count(*),concat(0x716a6b7671,(select (elt(4708=4708,1))),0x716a627171,floor(rand(0)*2))x from (select 3051 union select 8535 union select 6073 union select 2990)a group by x)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
43
|
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Geraci SA, Horwich T, Januzzi JL, Johnson MR, Kasper EK, Levy WC, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, McMurray JJ, Mitchell JE, Peterson PN, Riegel B, Sam F, Stevenson LW, Tang WW, Tsai EJ, Wilkoff BL. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 and 8965=8965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Geraci SA, Horwich T, Januzzi JL, Johnson MR, Kasper EK, Levy WC, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, McMurray JJ, Mitchell JE, Peterson PN, Riegel B, Sam F, Stevenson LW, Tang WW, Tsai EJ, Wilkoff BL. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 and (select (case when (1210=1210) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,1210) end) from dual) is null-- xobr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Geraci SA, Horwich T, Januzzi JL, Johnson MR, Kasper EK, Levy WC, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, McMurray JJ, Mitchell JE, Peterson PN, Riegel B, Sam F, Stevenson LW, Tang WW, Tsai EJ, Wilkoff BL. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 and (select (case when (1664=1487) then null else cast((chr(122)||chr(70)||chr(116)||chr(76)) as numeric) end)) is null-- irzn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
49
|
|
50
|
2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 and 8965=8965-- hjno] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|