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Influence of Dorper lamb development from birth to 120 days of age on clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19726. [PMID: 36396733 PMCID: PMC9672393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of the sheep model in research represents an attractive and economically beneficial academic reason for investigations in sheep echocardiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic parameters in Dorper lambs during the developmental period. Emphasis was placed on the use of the species in translational research for the echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart diseases, which can contribute to improvements in interventionist techniques. Ten Dorper lambs were evaluated at the following time points: 24 h after birth and 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. Clinical parameters were compiled, and echocardiogram records were obtained without sedation. Rectal temperature was lower on the first day compared to the others. From 21 days of life, there was a reduction in HR, with differences between time points. Mean and systolic blood pressure differed, with the highest values at 90 and 120 days of age. The thickness of the interventricular septum in diastole (IVSd) increased as age progressed, with the highest value at 120 days of age, and the same occurred for LVIDd (left ventricle internal diameter in diastole), LVFWd (left ventricular free wall thickness in diastole), IVSs (interventricular septum thickness in systole), LVIDs (left ventricle internal diameter in systole) and LVFWs (left ventricular free wall thickness in systole). There were differences in the size of the LA, Ao and LA/Ao ratio, which were greater at 90 days and 120 days of age. Echocardiographic changes accompany the development of lambs, where changes in echocardiographic parameters are evident with advancing age. The echocardiographic measurements in lambs obtained in the present study are similar to those in newborns.
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Park CJ, Branch ME, Vasu S, Meléndez GC. The Role of Cardiac MRI in Animal Models of Cardiotoxicity: Hopes and Challenges. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 13:367-376. [PMID: 32248349 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity have been instrumental in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease. The use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in preclinical models allows the non-invasive study of subclinical pathophysiological processes that influence cardiac function and establish imaging parameters that can be adopted into clinical practice to predict cardiovascular outcomes. Given the rising population of cancer survivors and the current lack of effective therapies for the management of cardiotoxicity, research combining clinically relevant animal models and non-invasive cardiac imaging remains essential to improve methods to monitor, predict, and treat cardiovascular adverse events. This comprehensive review summarizes the lessons learned from animal models of cardiotoxicity employing CMR and tissue characterization techniques and discusses the ongoing challenges and hopes for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mary E Branch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sujethra Vasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Giselle C Meléndez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Olivares RWI, Postma GC, Schapira A, Iglesias DE, Valdez LB, Breininger E, Gazzaneo PD, Minatel L. Biochemical and Morphological Alterations in Hearts of Copper-Deficient Bovines. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:447-455. [PMID: 30112659 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper deficiency is an important disease of cattle that produces several clinical signs and lesions, due to alterations in copper-dependent enzymes. One of the organs affected by this deficiency is the heart (falling disease), but nevertheless, these cardiac lesions have not been extensively studied in bovines. The aim of this work was to propose a possible pathogenic mechanism for cardiac lesions in cattle affected by copper deficiency. Because of the possible existence of oxidative distress caused by low levels of copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase, ultrastructural and histological lesions have been evaluated in the heart of bovines in which a Cu deficiency had been induced using high molybdenum and sulfur levels in the diet. Our results indicated that copper deficiency produces significant damage in myocardium with high levels of lipid oxidation and a significant reduction in copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase activity leading to an oxidative distress situation. However, cytochrome oxidase activity was not significantly reduced. Histological observation revealed a significant increase in the amount of connective tissue, enlarged basement membranes of myocytes, and numerous Anichkov cells, in the hearts of deficient animals. Ultrastructural observation showed a significant enhancement in the mitochondrial volume density, with presence of lesions such as swelling and cristae disruption. We conclude that copper deficiency in bovines causes morphological lesions in the heart due to an oxidative damage produced by copper-dependent enzyme alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Walter Israel Olivares
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Avenida San Martín 5285, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Cintia Postma
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Avenida San Martín 5285, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Schapira
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Avenida San Martín 5285, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario Ezequiel Iglesias
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Beatriz Valdez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Breininger
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Daniel Gazzaneo
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Avenida San Martín 5285, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Minatel
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Avenida San Martín 5285, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Koitabashi N, Ohyama Y, Tateno R, Arai M, Rokutanda N, Horiguchi J, Kurabayashi M. Reversible Cardiomyopathy After Epirubicin Administration. Int Heart J 2015; 56:466-8. [PMID: 26104177 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline-containing chemotherapy can cause irreversible and progressive left ventricular dysfunction. Epirubicin, which is widely used for breast cancer chemotherapy, is an anthracycline that has less cardiac toxicity than doxorubicin. The present report describes the case of a 70-year-old woman with breast cancer who developed severe congestive heart failure and severe cardiac dysfunction at 6 weeks from epirubicin final administration. Left ventricular function gradually improved after intensive treatment for heart failure and recovered completely within 2 months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe epirubicin-induced subacute reversible cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimichi Koitabashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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Meßner NM, Zöllner FG, Kalayciyan R, Schad LR. Pre-clinical functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Part II: The heart. Z Med Phys 2014; 24:307-22. [PMID: 25023418 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One third of all deaths worldwide in 2008 were caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the incidence of CVD related deaths rises ever more. Thus, improved imaging techniques and modalities are needed for the evaluation of cardiac morphology and function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is a minimally invasive technique that is increasingly important due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, its high soft tissue contrast and its ability of functional and quantitative imaging. It is widely accepted as the gold standard of cardiac functional analysis. In the short period of small animal MRI, remarkable progress has been achieved concerning new, fast imaging schemes as well as purpose-built equipment. Dedicated small animal scanners allow for tapping the full potential of recently developed animal models of cardiac disease. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques and applications in small animals at ultra-high fields (UHF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja M Meßner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank G Zöllner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Raffi Kalayciyan
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Bartoli CR, Sherwood LC, Giridharan GA, Slaughter MS, Wead WB, Prabhu SD, Koenig SC. Bovine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy: implications for ventricular assist device research. Artif Organs 2013; 37:E202-14. [PMID: 23876076 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have emerged as a successful treatment option for advanced heart failure. The objective of this study was to develop a clinically relevant model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy to investigate functional, histological, and molecular changes during mechanical circulatory support. In calves (n = 17, 94 ± 7 kg), 90 μm microspheres were injected percutaneously into the left coronary artery. Serial echocardiography was performed weekly to evaluate cardiac function. Sixty days after coronary microembolization, a terminal study was performed via thoracotomy to measure hemodynamics. Regional myocardial and end-organ blood flows were quantified with 15-μm fluorescent-labeled microspheres. Myocardial fibrosis, myocyte size, and myocardial apoptosis were quantified with histological stains. Eleven animals survived coronary microembolization and exhibited clinical and statistically significant echocardiographic and hemodynamic signs of severe systolic dysfunction. Statistically significant decreases in regional myocardial blood flow and increases in myocardial fibrosis, myocyte size, total myocardial apoptosis, and cardiac myocyte-specific apoptosis were observed. End-organ hypoperfusion was observed. Coronary microembolization induced stable and reproducible chronic left ventricular failure in calves. The anatomical size and physiology of the bovine heart and thorax are appropriate to study novel interventions for the clinical management of heart failure. This model is an appropriate physiological substrate in which to test VAD and adjunctive biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo R Bartoli
- MD/PhD Program, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Benefits of Aggressive Medical Management in a Bovine Model of Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure. ASAIO J 2013; 59:221-9. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e3182894e66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kimura T, Miyoshi S, Okamoto K, Fukumoto K, Tanimoto K, Soejima K, Takatsuki S, Fukuda K. The effectiveness of rigid pericardial endoscopy for minimally invasive minor surgeries: cell transplantation, epicardial pacemaker lead implantation, and epicardial ablation. J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 7:117. [PMID: 23140449 PMCID: PMC3541994 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-7-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy and safety of rigid pericardial endoscopy as the promising minimally invasive approach to the pericardial space was evaluated. Techniques for cell transplantation, epicardial pacemaker lead implantation, and epicardial ablation were developed. Methods Two swine and 5 canines were studied to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rigid pericardial endoscopy. After a double pericardiocentesis, a transurethral rigid endoscope was inserted into the pericardial space. The technique to obtain a clear visual field was examined, and acute complications such as hemodynamic changes and the effects on intra-pericardial pressure were evaluated. Using custom-made needles, pacemaker leads, and forceps, the applications for cell transplantation, epicardial pacemaker lead implantation, and epicardial ablation were also evaluated. Results The use of air, the detention of a stiff guide wire in the pericardial space, and the stretching of the pericardium with the rigid endoscope were all useful to obtain a clear visual field. A side-lying position also aided observation of the posterior side of the heart. As a cell transplantation methodology, we developed an ultrasonography-guided needle, which allows for the safe visualization of transplantation without major complications. Pacemaker leads were safely and properly implanted, which provides a better outcome for cardiac resynchronizing therapy. Furthermore, the success of clear visualization of the pulmonary veins enabled us to perform epicardial ablation. Conclusions Rigid pericardial endoscopy holds promise as a safe method for minimally invasive cell transplantation, epicardial pacemaker lead implantation, and epicardial ablation by allowing clear visualization of the pericardial space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Carbone A, Psaltis PJ, Nelson AJ, Metcalf R, Richardson JD, Weightman M, Thomas A, Finnie JW, Young GD, Worthley SG. Dietary omega-3 supplementation exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction in an ovine model of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. J Card Fail 2012; 18:502-11. [PMID: 22633309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative dose-dependent nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) remains a significant risk with the use of some chemotherapeutic agents. In this context, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been investigated for their cardioprotective potential in rodent and in vitro models of anthracycline toxicity, with conflicting results. This study evaluated prophylactic omega-3 PUFA supplementation in a large-animal model of anthracycline-induced NICM. METHODS AND RESULTS Merino sheep were randomized to oral drenching with omega-3 PUFA (fish oil; n = 8) or olive oil placebo (n = 9) 3 weeks before commencing repeated intracoronary infusions of doxorubicin (DOX) to induce cardiac dysfunction. Cumulative DOX dose was 3.6 mg/kg. Drenching was continued for 12 weeks after final DOX exposure. Despite significant increases in tissue omega-3 PUFA levels (P < .05 vs placebo), omega-3-treated sheep displayed greater signs of anthracycline cardiotoxicity than placebo animals, consisting of left ventricular dilatation and a greater decline in ejection fraction (P < .05), although myocardial fibrosis burden was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake of omega-3 PUFA fails to prevent and may indeed exacerbate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Clinical use of omega-3 supplementation during chemotherapy should be deferred until more information is available regarding the mechanisms of interaction between fatty acids and the myocardium during anthracycline exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Carbone
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Lau DH, Psaltis PJ, Mackenzie L, Kelly DJ, Carbone A, Worthington M, Nelson AJ, Zhang Y, Kuklik P, Wong CX, Edwards J, Saint DA, Worthley SG, Sanders P. Atrial remodeling in an ovine model of anthracycline-induced nonischemic cardiomyopathy: remodeling of the same sort. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011; 22:175-82. [PMID: 20662987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION All preclinical studies of atrial remodeling in heart failure (HF) have been confined to a single model of rapid ventricular pacing. To evaluate whether the atrial changes were specific to the model or represented an end result of HF, this study aimed to characterize atrial remodeling in an ovine model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen sheep, 7 with cardiomyopathy induced by repeated intracoronary doxorubicin infusions and 7 controls, were studied. The development of HF was monitored by cardiac imaging and hemodynamic parameters. Open chest electrophysiological study was performed using custom-made 128-electrode epicardial plaque assessing effective refractory period (ERP) and conduction velocity. Atrial tissues were harvested for structural analysis. The HF group had demonstrable moderate global HF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]: 37.1 vs 46.4%; P = 0.003) and showed the following compared to controls: left atrial dilatation (P = 0.02) and dysfunction (P = 0.005); longer P-wave duration (P < 0.05); higher ERP at all cycle lengths (P ≤ 0.002) and locations (P < 0.001); slower conduction velocity (P < 0.001); increased conduction heterogeneity index (P < 0.001); increased atrial fibrosis (right atrial [RA]: 5.9 ± 2.6 vs 2.8 ± 0.9%; P < 0.0001, left atrial [LA]: 3.7 ± 2.2 vs 2.4 ± 1.1%; P = 0.002), and longer induced atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes (16 ± 22 vs 2 ± 3 seconds; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION In this model of HF, there was significant atrial remodeling characterized by atrial enlargement/dysfunction, increased fibrosis, slowed/heterogeneous conduction, and increased refractoriness associated with more sustained AF. These findings appear the "same sort" to previous models of HF implicating a final common substrate leading to the development of AF in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Lau
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Departments of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital and the Disciplines of Medicine and Physiology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Geens JH, Trenson S, Rega FR, Verbeken EK, Meyns BP. Ovine models for chronic heart failure. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 32:496-506. [PMID: 19844891 DOI: 10.1177/039139880903200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testing and optimizing of surgical therapies for chronic heart failure (CHF) requires large animal models. CHF has been induced in several large animal species. Sheep have modest body mass increase and demonstrate docile behavior and are therefore a preferred species in research on surgical therapies for CHF METHODS: A literature search for existing ovine CHF models was performed, using search terms "sheep" and "heart failure". Relevant secondary references were traced. RESULTS Rapid ventricular pacing produces rapid-onset CHFE Its severity ranges from moderate left ventricular failure to severe biventricular failure, depending on length and frequency of pacing. Its counterpart in human CHF is tachycardia-induced HF since it is reversible upon cessation of pacing. Myocardial damage models include CHF induced by cardiototoxic drugs and ischemia. Ischemia-based models include coronary microembolization, occlusion and ischemia/reperfusion models. The microembolization model is relevant to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Coronary occlusion models exhibit variable functional impairment, some with aneurysm formation, and some with mitral valve regurgitation, depending on occlusion localization. They are relevant to CHF following non-reperfused myocardial infarction. Coronary occlusion/reperfusion models are relevant to the occurrence of human ãã despite coronary artery recanalization. Pressure overload of left and right ventricle is induced by aortic and pulmonary artery banding, respectively. Hypertrophy precedes CHF as in patients with valve stenosis and hypertension. Volume overload is induced by valve damage or shunt creation. Atrioventricular valve regurgitation is the most important clinical counterpart. CONCLUSION Several ovine CHF models exist. Since they exhibit important cardiac pathology differences, the choice of model should be based on the specific experimental question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef H Geens
- Dept. of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Psaltis PJ, Carbone A, Nelson AJ, Lau DH, Jantzen T, Manavis J, Williams K, Itescu S, Sanders P, Gronthos S, Zannettino ACW, Worthley SG. Reparative effects of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells delivered transendocardially in experimental nonischemic cardiomyopathy. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 3:974-83. [PMID: 20850099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study set out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) delivered by multisegmental, transendocardial implantation in the setting of nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). BACKGROUND Prospectively isolated MPC have shown capacity to mediate cardiovascular repair in myocardial ischemia. However, their efficacy in NICM remains undetermined. METHODS Mesenchymal precursor cells were prepared from ovine bone marrow by immunoselection using the tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, or STRO-3, monoclonal antibody. Fifteen sheep with anthracycline-induced NICM were assigned to catheter-based, transendocardial injections of allogeneic MPC (n = 7) or placebo (n = 8), under electromechanical mapping guidance. Follow-up was for 8 weeks, with end points assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance, echocardiography, and histology. RESULTS Intramyocardial injections were distributed similarly throughout the left ventricle in both groups. Cell transplantation was associated with 1 death late in follow-up, compared with 3 early deaths among placebo animals. Left ventricular end-diastolic size increased in both cohorts, but MPC therapy attenuated end-systolic dilation and stabilized ejection fraction, with a nonsignificant increase (37.3 ± 2.8% before, 39.2 ± 1.4% after) compared with progressive deterioration after placebo (38.8 ± 4.4% before, 32.5 ± 4.9% after, p < 0.05). Histological outcomes of cell therapy included less fibrosis burden than in the placebo group and an increased density of karyokinetic cardiomyocytes and myocardial arterioles (p < 0.05 for each). These changes occurred in the presence of modest cellular engraftment after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Multisegmental, transendocardial delivery of cell therapy can be achieved effectively in NICM using electromechanical navigation. The pleiotropic properties of immunoselected MPC confer benefit to nonischemic cardiac disease, extending their therapeutic potential beyond the setting of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Atrial protective effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a long-term study in ovine chronic heart failure. Heart Rhythm 2010; 8:575-82. [PMID: 21145429 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may prevent the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of these agents on development of the AF substrate in heart failure (HF). METHODS In this study, HF was induced by intracoronary doxorubicin infusions. Twenty-one sheep [7 with n-3 PUFAs treated HF (HF-PUFA), 7 with olive oil-treated HF controls (HF-CTL), 7 controls (CTL)] were studied. Open chest electrophysiologic study was performed with assessment of biatrial effective refractory period (ERP) and conduction. Cardiac function was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging. Atrial n-3 PUFAs levels were quantified using chromatography. Structural analysis was also performed. RESULTS Atrial n-3 PUFAs levels were twofold to threefold higher in the HF-PUFA group. n-3 PUFAs prevented the development of HF-related left atrial enlargement (P = .001) but not left ventricular/atrial dysfunction. Atrial ERP was significantly lower in the HF-PUFA group (P <.001), but ERP heterogeneity was unchanged. In addition, n-3 PUFAs suppressed atrial conduction abnormalities seen in HF of prolonged P-wave duration (P = .01) and slowed (P <.001) and heterogeneous (P <.05) conduction. The duration of induced AF episodes in HF-PUFA was shorter (P = .02), although AF inducibility was unaltered (P = NS). A 20% reduction of atrial interstitial fibrosis was seen in the HF-PUFA group (P <.05). CONCLUSION In this ovine HF study, chronic n-3 PUFAs use protected against adverse atrial remodeling by preventing atrial enlargement, fibrosis, and conduction abnormalities leading to shorter AF episodes despite lower ERP.
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Assessment of myocardial fibrosis by endoventricular electromechanical mapping in experimental nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 27:25-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-010-9657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lau DH, Mackenzie L, Rajendram A, Psaltis PJ, Kelly DR, Spyropoulos P, Zhang Y, Olakkengil SA, Russell CH, Brooks AG, Faull RJ, Saint DA, Kelly DJ, Rao MM, Worthley SG, Sanders P. Characterization of cardiac remodeling in a large animal “one-kidney, one-clip” hypertensive model. Blood Press 2010; 19:119-25. [DOI: 10.3109/08037050903576767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Psaltis PJ, Zannettino ACW, Gronthos S, Worthley SG. Intramyocardial Navigation and Mapping for Stem Cell Delivery. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2009; 3:135-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-009-9138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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