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Shi L, Deng J, He J, Zhu F, Jin Y, Zhang X, Ren Y, Du X. Integrative transcriptomics and proteomics analysis reveal the protection of Astragaloside IV against myocardial fibrosis by regulating senescence. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176632. [PMID: 38718959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a pivotal pathological process implicated in various cardiovascular diseases, particularly heart failure. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a natural compound derived from Astragalus membranaceus, possesses potent cardioprotective properties. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-MF effects, particularly in relation to senescence, remain elusive. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying molecular mechanisms of AS-IV in treating ISO-induced MF in mice, employing transcriptomics, proteomics, in vitro, and in vivo experiments. We assessed the positive effects of AS-IV on ISO-induced MF using HE staining, Masson staining, ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, transthoracic echocardiography, transmission electron microscopy, and DHE fluorescence staining. Additionally, we elucidated the regulatory role of AS-IV in MF through comprehensive transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, complemented by Western blotting and RT-qPCR validation of pertinent molecular pathways. Our findings demonstrated that AS-IV treatment markedly attenuated ISO-induced myocardial injury and oxidative stress, concomitantly inhibiting the release of SASPs. Furthermore, integrated transcriptomics and proteomics analyses revealed that the anti-MF mechanism of AS-IV was associated with regulating cellular senescence and the p53 signaling pathway. These results highlight AS-IV exerts its anti-MF effects not only by inhibiting oxidative stress but also by modulating senescence through the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Shi
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Jingwei Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun He
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yuxia Jin
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China.
| | - Xuqin Du
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China.
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2
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Alzaabi MA, Abdelsalam A, Alhammadi M, Bani Hani H, Almheiri A, Al Matrooshi N, Al Zaman K. Evaluating Biomarkers as Tools for Early Detection and Prognosis of Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review. Card Fail Rev 2024; 10:e06. [PMID: 38915376 PMCID: PMC11194781 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2023.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of heart failure (HF) worldwide, which has significant consequences for healthcare costs, patient death and quality of life. Therefore, there has been much focus on finding and using biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostication and therapy of HF. This overview of the research presents a thorough examination of the current state of HF biomarkers and their many uses. Their function in diagnosing HF, gauging its severity and monitoring its response to therapy are all discussed. Particularly promising in HF diagnosis and risk stratification are the cardiac-specific biomarkers, B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Markers of oxidative stress, extracellular matrix, renal function, inflammation and cardiac peptides have shown promise in evaluating HF severity and prognosis. MicroRNAs and insulin-like growth factor are two emerging biomarkers that have shown potential in helping with HF diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moza A Alzaabi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amin Abdelsalam
- Department of Cardiology, Al Qassemi HospitalSharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Majid Alhammadi
- College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hasan Bani Hani
- College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Almheiri
- College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadya Al Matrooshi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Al Zaman
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Cleland JGF, Kalra PR, Mentz RJ, Ponikowski P, Talha KM. Critical re-evaluation of the identification of iron deficiency states and effective iron repletion strategies in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2024; 26:1298-1312. [PMID: 38727791 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
According to current guidelines, iron deficiency is defined by a serum ferritin level <100 ng/ml or a transferrin saturation (TSAT) <20% if the serum ferritin level is 100-299 μg/L. These criteria were developed to encourage the use of intravenous iron as an adjunct to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in the treatment of renal anaemia. However, in patients with heart failure, these criteria are not supported by any pathophysiological or clinical evidence that they identify an absolute or functional iron deficiency state. A low baseline TSAT-but not serum ferritin level-appears to be a reliable indicator of the effect of intravenous iron to reduce major heart failure events. In randomized controlled trials, intravenous iron decreased the risk of cardiovascular death or total heart failure hospitalization in patients with a TSAT <20% (risk ratio 0.67 [0.49-0.92]) but not in patients with a TSAT ≥20% (risk ratio 0.99 [0.74-1.30]), with the magnitude of the risk reduction being proportional to the severity of hypoferraemia. Patients who were enrolled in clinical trials solely because they had a serum ferritin level <100 μg/L showed no significant benefit on heart failure outcomes, and it is noteworthy that serum ferritin levels of 20-300 μg/L lie entirely within the range of normal values for healthy adults. Current guidelines reflect the eligibility criteria of clinical trials, which inadvertently adopted unvalidated criteria to define iron deficiency. Reliance on these guidelines would lead to the treatment of many patients who are not iron deficient (serum ferritin level <100 μg/L but normal TSAT) and ignores the possibility of iron deficiency in patients with a low TSAT but with serum ferritin level of >300 μg/L. Importantly, analyses of benefit based on trial eligibility-driven guidelines substantially underestimate the magnitude of heart-failure-event risk reduction with intravenous iron in patients who are truly iron deficient. Based on all available data, we recommend a new mechanism-based and trial-tested approach that reflects the totality of evidence more faithfully than the historical process adopted by clinical investigators and by the guidelines. Until additional evidence is forthcoming, an iron deficiency state in patients with heart failure should be defined by a TSAT <20% (as long as the serum ferritin level is <400 μg/L), and furthermore, the use of a serum ferritin level <100 μg/L alone as a diagnostic criterion should be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology of German Heart Center Charité, Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - John G F Cleland
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul R Kalra
- Department of Cardiology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Robert J Mentz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Chen Z, Li Z, Xu R, Xie Y, Li D, Zhao Y. Design, Synthesis, and In Vivo Evaluation of Isosteviol Derivatives as New SIRT3 Activators with Highly Potent Cardioprotective Effects. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6749-6768. [PMID: 38572607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) persist as the predominant cause of mortality, urging the exploration of innovative pharmaceuticals. Mitochondrial dysfunction stands as a pivotal contributor to CVDs development. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a prominent mitochondrial deacetylase known for its crucial role in protecting mitochondria against damage and dysfunction, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for CVDs treatment. Utilizing isosteviol, a natural ent-beyerene diterpenoid, 24 derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vivo using a zebrafish model, establishing a deduced structure-activity relationship. Among these, derivative 5v exhibited significant efficacy in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in zebrafish and murine models. Subsequent investigations revealed that 5v selectively elevated SIRT3 expression, leading to the upregulation of SOD2 and OPA1 expression, effectively preventing mitochondrial dysfunction, mitigating oxidative stress, and preserving cardiomyocyte viability. As a novel structural class of SIRT3 activators with robust therapeutic effects, 5v emerges as a promising candidate for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyin Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruilong Xu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dehuai Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Angelone T, Rocca C, Lionetti V, Penna C, Pagliaro P. Expanding the Frontiers of Guardian Antioxidant Selenoproteins in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:369-432. [PMID: 38299513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Physiological levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) function as fundamental messengers for many cellular and developmental processes in the cardiovascular system. ROS/RNS involved in cardiac redox-signaling originate from diverse sources, and their levels are tightly controlled by key endogenous antioxidant systems that counteract their accumulation. However, dysregulated redox-stress resulting from inefficient removal of ROS/RNS leads to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent Advances: Basic and clinical studies demonstrate the critical role of selenium (Se) and selenoproteins (unique proteins that incorporate Se into their active site in the form of the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine [Sec]), including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, in cardiovascular redox homeostasis, representing a first-line enzymatic antioxidant defense of the heart. Increasing attention has been paid to emerging selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (i.e., a multifunctional intracellular organelle whose disruption triggers cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to multiple CVD), which are crucially involved in redox balance, antioxidant activity, and calcium and ER homeostasis. Critical Issues: This review focuses on endogenous antioxidant strategies with therapeutic potential, particularly selenoproteins, which are very promising but deserve more detailed and clinical studies. Future Directions: The importance of selective selenoproteins in embryonic development and the consequences of their mutations and inborn errors highlight the need to improve knowledge of their biological function in myocardial redox signaling. This could facilitate the development of personalized approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 369-432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Toscana "Gabriele Monasterio," Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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6
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Chawla HV, Singh N, Singh SB. The Association Between Oxidative Stress and the Progression of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55313. [PMID: 38559549 PMCID: PMC10981797 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive multifactorial condition where the role of oxidative stress may have implications in the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite growing interest among researchers and clinicians, the limited, unorganized, and divergent findings regarding the association between oxidative stress and the progression of heart failure (HF) have prompted us to conduct this study. Drawing upon the evolving nature of this research domain, this study is one of the first of its kind to present a systematic and comprehensive overview of the existing evidence regarding the role of oxidative stress production in the progression of HF. This study systematically reviews peer-reviewed empirical studies published in English, particularly focusing on the association between oxidative stress and the progression of HF. Parameters, such as publication year, study design, population demographics (size, age, and gender), types of HF, and characterization of markers in the existing studies, were reviewed. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) procedure, a thorough search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Sage databases, without any restrictions on the publication dates of articles, which yielded a total of 1,808 records on the association of oxidative stress production with clinical outcomes in HF patients. The analysis of the content of 17 articles offered a robust observation of this phenomenon, providing insights into the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidant markers, and the enzymes involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their association with the progression and severity of HF. The findings highlighted various knowledge gaps and future research priorities are recommended in the areas of interest and unexplored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh V Chawla
- Acute Medicine, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, GBR
| | - Nikita Singh
- Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Singh
- Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, IND
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7
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Lee SR, Directo D. Fish Oil Supplementation with Resistance Exercise Training Enhances Physical Function and Cardiometabolic Health in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:4516. [PMID: 37960168 PMCID: PMC10650161 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a condition associated with an increased risk of dysregulation in cardiovascular and metabolic health among older women. While fish oil (FO) has garnered great attention for its health-enhancing properties, its potential for enhancing cardiometabolic health in this demographic remains to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of an 8 wk administration of FO combined with programmed resistance exercise training (RET) on physical function and risk factors associated with cardiometabolic health in healthy older women. Twenty, healthy, older women were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups: resistance training with placebo (RET-PL) or RET with fish oil (RET-FO). Physical function, blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG), and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Physical function was greatly enhanced in both RET and RET-FO. Handgrip strength substantially increased only in RET-FO. RET-FO exhibited significant decreases in BP, TG, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and oxidative stress (MDA and 8-OHdG) levels, while no detectable changes were found in RET-PL. Our findings indicate that FO administration during 8 wks of RET appears to enhance muscle function and lower risk factors linked to cardiometabolic disorders in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
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8
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de Koning MSLY, Emmens JE, Romero-Hernández E, Bourgonje AR, Assa S, Figarska SM, Cleland JGF, Samani NJ, Ng LL, Lang CC, Metra M, Filippatos GS, van Veldhuisen DJ, Anker SD, Dickstein K, Voors AA, Lipsic E, van Goor H, van der Harst P. Systemic oxidative stress associates with disease severity and outcome in patients with new-onset or worsening heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112:1056-1066. [PMID: 36997667 PMCID: PMC10062262 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may be a key pathophysiological mediator in the development and progression of heart failure (HF). The role of serum-free thiol concentrations, as a marker of systemic oxidative stress, in HF remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between serum-free thiol concentrations and disease severity and clinical outcome in patients with new-onset or worsening HF. METHODS Serum-free thiol concentrations were determined by colorimetric detection in 3802 patients from the BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT-CHF). Associations between free thiol concentrations and clinical characteristics and outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and a composite of HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality during a 2-years follow-up, were reported. RESULTS Lower serum-free thiol concentrations were associated with more advanced HF, as indicated by worse NYHA class, higher plasma NT-proBNP (P < 0.001 for both) and with higher rates of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) decrease in free thiols: 1.253, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.171-1.341, P < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (HR per SD: 1.182, 95% CI: 1.086-1.288, P < 0.001), and the composite outcome (HR per SD: 1.058, 95% CI: 1.001-1.118, P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS In patients with new-onset or worsening HF, a lower serum-free thiol concentration, indicative of higher oxidative stress, is associated with increased HF severity and poorer prognosis. Our results do not prove causality, but our findings may be used as rationale for future (mechanistic) studies on serum-free thiol modulation in heart failure. Associations of serum-free thiol concentrations with heart failure severity and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie L Y de Koning
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna E Emmens
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Solmaz Assa
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylwia M Figarska
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Leong L Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lipsic
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ng ML, Ang X, Yap KY, Ng JJ, Goh ECH, Khoo BBJ, Richards AM, Drum CL. Novel Oxidative Stress Biomarkers with Risk Prognosis Values in Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030917. [PMID: 36979896 PMCID: PMC10046491 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in cardiovascular and other disease states, damage DNA, lipids, proteins, other cellular and extra-cellular components. OS is both initiated by, and triggers inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, matrix remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, and neurohumoral activation. These have been linked to the development of heart failure (HF). Circulating biomarkers generated by OS offer potential utility in patient management and therapeutic targeting. Novel OS-related biomarkers such as NADPH oxidases (sNox2-dp, Nrf2), advanced glycation end-products (AGE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), are signaling molecules reflecting pathobiological changes in HF. This review aims to evaluate current OS-related biomarkers and their associations with clinical outcomes and to highlight those with greatest promise in diagnosis, risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Xu Ang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kwan Yi Yap
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Ng
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Eugene Chen Howe Goh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Bing Jie Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Mongirdienė A, Liuizė A, Karčiauskaitė D, Mazgelytė E, Liekis A, Sadauskienė I. Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Left Ventricle Markers in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050803. [PMID: 36899939 PMCID: PMC10001312 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is proposed in the literature as an important player in the development of CHF and correlates with left ventricle (LV) dysfunction and hypertrophy in the failing heart. In this study, we aimed to verify if the serum oxidative stress markers differ in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients' groups depending on the LV geometry and function. Patients were stratified into two groups according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values: HFrEF (<40% (n = 27)) and HFpEF (≥40% (n = 33)). Additionally, patients were stratified into four groups according to LV geometry: NG-normal left ventricle geometry (n = 7), CR-concentric remodeling (n = 14), cLVH-concentric LV hypertrophy (n = 16), and eLVF-eccentric LV hypertrophy (n = 23). We measured protein (protein carbonyl (PC), nitrotyrosine (NT-Tyr), dityrosine), lipid (malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidizes (HDL) oxidation and antioxidant (catalase activity, total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) markers in serum. Transthoracic echocardiogram analysis and lipidogram were also performed. We found that oxidative (NT-Tyr, dityrosine, PC, MDA, oxHDL) and antioxidative (TAC, catalase) stress marker levels did not differ between the groups according to LVEF or LV geometry. NT-Tyr correlated with PC (rs = 0.482, p = 0.000098), and oxHDL (rs = 0.278, p = 0.0314). MDA correlated with total (rs = 0.337, p = 0.008), LDL (rs = 0.295, p = 0.022) and non-HDL (rs = 0.301, p = 0.019) cholesterol. NT-Tyr negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (rs = -0.285, p = 0.027). LV parameters did not correlate with oxidative/antioxidative stress markers. Significant negative correlations were found between the end-diastolic volume of the LV and the end-systolic volume of the LV and HDL-cholesterol (rs = -0.935, p < 0.0001; rs = -0.906, p < 0.0001, respectively). Significant positive correlations between both the thickness of the interventricular septum and the thickness of the LV wall and the levels of triacylglycerol in serum (rs = 0.346, p = 0.007; rs = 0.329, p = 0.010, respectively) were found. In conclusions, we did not find a difference in serum concentrations of both oxidant (NT-Tyr, PC, MDA) and antioxidant (TAC and catalase) concentrations in CHF patients' groups according to LV function and geometry was found. The geometry of the LV could be related to lipid metabolism in CHF patients, and no correlation between oxidative/antioxidant and LV markers in CHF patients was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Mongirdienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 4, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnė Liuizė
- Cardiology Clinic, University Hospital, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Karčiauskaitė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Mazgelytė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Liekis
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Eiveniu Str. 4, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Sadauskienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 4, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Eiveniu Str. 4, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
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11
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Fang X, Ardehali H, Min J, Wang F. The molecular and metabolic landscape of iron and ferroptosis in cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:7-23. [PMID: 35788564 PMCID: PMC9252571 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 297.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of iron homeostasis is essential for proper cardiac function. A growing body of evidence suggests that iron imbalance is the common denominator in many subtypes of cardiovascular disease. In the past 10 years, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, has become increasingly recognized as an important process that mediates the pathogenesis and progression of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, drug-induced heart failure, myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes might lead to improvements in disease management. In this Review, we summarize the relationship between the metabolic and molecular pathways of iron signalling and ferroptosis in the context of cardiovascular disease. We also discuss the potential targets of ferroptosis in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and describe the current limitations and future directions of these novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexian Fang
- grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918The First Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Junxia Min
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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12
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Yen PT, Huang SE, Hsu JH, Kuo CH, Chao YY, Wang LS, Yeh JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Effects of Puerarin in Postmenopausal Cardioprotection: Roles of Akt and Heme Oxygenase-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 51:149-168. [PMID: 36437552 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2350009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During menopause, the sharp decline in estrogen levels leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women. The inflammatory response and oxidative stress are reportedly involved in the development of cardiovascular disorders postmenopause. In this study, we evaluated the cardioprotective effects of puerarin, a phytoestrogen derived from the root of Pueraria lobate, and investigated its underlying molecular mechanisms. Puerarin alleviated cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and hydrogen peroxide-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Puerarin scavenges free radicals and reduces apoptosis, thereby suppressing NADPH oxidase-1 and Bax activation to attenuate the production of ROS and restore Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, puerarin inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide production and decreased the hypertrophic phenotype under LPS stimulation. Treatment with puerarin reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and restored glutathione levels when facing oxidative stress. Mechanistically, puerarin inhibited both the LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4/NF-[Formula: see text]B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Furthermore, it reversed both the LPS-mediated downregulation of Akt activation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. The cardioprotective effects of puerarin were abolished by inhibitors of Akt and HO-1 and the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant (ICI). This indicated that the estrogen receptor mediated by these two molecules plays important roles in conferring the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative functions of puerarin. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of puerarin for treating heart disease in postmenopausal women through Akt and HO-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Tzu Yen
- Jian Sheng Tang Chinese Medicine Clinic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-En Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Chao
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Shuo Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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13
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HFpEF and Atrial Fibrillation: The Enigmatic Interplay of Dysmetabolism, Biomarkers, and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9539676. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9539676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a complex pathophysiology that encompasses systemic proinflammatory state and dysregulated levels of cardiometabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers. The prevalence of both HFpEF and atrial fibrillation (AF) is continuously rising, especially in the elderly. The aim of our study was to explore if there were any differences in biomarker levels and vascular function in the elderly patients with HFpEF with and without AF and to assess interconnections between clinically relevant biomarkers and cardiac and vascular function. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study of
years with HFpEF who were divided into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of AF. We have sonographically assessed echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and the peripheral vascular function parameters, namely, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD). NT-proBNP, irisin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and malondialdehyde (MDA) blood levels were determined. Results. Fifty-two patients (mean age
years, 67% females) were included. Patients with HFpEF and AF had significantly lower levels of irisin (median 4.75 vs. 13.5 ng/mL,
), leptin (median 9.5 vs. 15.0 ng/L,
), and MDA (median 293 vs. 450 ng/mL,
) and significantly higher values of NT-proBNP (median 2365 vs. 529 ng/L,
) but not vascular function parameters, as compared to HFpEF patients without AF. MDA was significantly correlated with diastolic function (
,
) and FMD (
,
), while adiponectin was inversely associated with FMD (
,
) and left ventricular ejection fraction (
,
). Conclusions. Our results have demonstrated that patients with HFpEF and AF have significantly lower leptin, irisin, and MDA levels compared to patients with HFpEF but without AF. These results offer new insights into the complexity of vascular function and cardiometabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers in the context of HFpEF, AF, and aging.
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14
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Bruehl S, Milne G, Schildcrout J, Shi Y, Anderson S, Shinar A, Polkowski G, Mishra P, Billings FT. Oxidative stress is associated with characteristic features of the dysfunctional chronic pain phenotype. Pain 2022; 163:786-794. [PMID: 34382610 PMCID: PMC8807797 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The dysfunctional chronic pain (Dysfunctional CP) phenotype is an empirically identifiable CP subtype with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms that cuts across specific medical CP diagnoses. This study tested whether the multidimensional pain and psychosocial features that characterize the dysfunctional CP phenotype are associated broadly with elevated oxidative stress (OS). Measures of pain intensity, bodily extent of pain, catastrophizing cognitions, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, pain interference, and function were completed by 84 patients with chronic osteoarthritis before undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Blood samples were obtained at the initiation of surgery before incision or tourniquet placement. Plasma levels of F2-isoprostanes and isofurans, the most highly specific measures of in vivo OS, were quantified using gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The results indicated that controlling for differences in age, sex, and body mass index, higher overall OS (mean of isoprostanes and isofurans) was associated with significantly (P < 0.05) greater pain intensity, more widespread pain, greater depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing, higher pain interference, and lower function. OS measures were not significantly associated with sleep disturbance or anxiety levels (P >0.10). The results build on prior case-control findings suggesting that presence of a CP diagnosis is associated with elevated OS, highlighting that it may specifically be individuals displaying characteristics of the dysfunctional CP phenotype who are characterized by elevated OS. Clinical implications of these findings remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bruehl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Schildcrout
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yaping Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sara Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Shinar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory Polkowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Puneet Mishra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frederic T. Billings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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Lu Y, An L, Taylor MRG, Chen QM. Nrf2 signaling in heart failure: expression of Nrf2, Keap1, antioxidant, and detoxification genes in dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:115-127. [PMID: 35073209 PMCID: PMC8897001 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00079.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidative stress have been found with heart failure. Whether failing hearts express antioxidant and detoxification enzymes have not been addressed systematically. Nrf2 gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Using RNA-Seq data set from explanted hearts of 37 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 13 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), and 14 nonfailure (NF) donors as a control, we addressed whether failing hearts change the expression of Nrf2, its negative regulator Keap1, and antioxidant or detoxification genes. Significant increases in the ratio of Nrf2 to Keap1 were found to associate with DCM or ICM. Antioxidant genes showed decreased expression in both types of heart failure, including NQO1, SOD1, GPX3, GPX4, GSR, PRDX1, and TXNRD1. Detoxification enzymes, GCLM and EPHX1, also showed decreased expression, whereas the CYP1B1 transcript was elevated in both DCM and ICM. The genes encoding metal-binding protein ferritin were decreased, whereas five out of 12 metallothionein genes showed elevated expression. Our finding on Nrf2 gene expression has been validated by meta-analysis of seven independent data sets of microarray or RNA-Seq for differential gene expression in DCM and ICM from NF controls. In conclusion, minor elevation of Nrf2 gene expression is not coupled to increases in antioxidant and detoxification genes, supporting an impairment of Nrf2 signaling in patients with heart failure. Decreases in multiple antioxidant and detoxification genes are consistent with the observed increases of oxidative stress in failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- 1Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,2Interdisciplanary Program in Statistics and Data Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lingling An
- 3Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Matthew R. G. Taylor
- 4Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Qin M. Chen
- 1Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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16
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Al-Mubarak AA, van der Meer P, Bomer N. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Heart Failure: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:122-131. [PMID: 33835398 PMCID: PMC8163712 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW (Mal-)nutrition of micronutrients, like selenium, has great impact on the human heart and improper micronutrient intake was observed in 30-50% of patients with heart failure. Low selenium levels have been reported in Europe and Asia and thought to be causal for Keshan disease. Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is needed for enzymatic activity of the 25 so-called selenoproteins, which have a broad range of activities. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence about selenium in heart failure and to provide insights about the potential mechanisms that can be modulated by selenoproteins. RECENT FINDINGS Suboptimal selenium levels (<100 μg/L) are prevalent in more than 70% of patients with heart failure and were associated with lower exercise capacity, lower quality of life, and worse prognosis. Small clinical trials assessing selenium supplementation in patients with HF showed improvement of clinical symptoms (NYHA class), left ventricular ejection fraction, and lipid profile, while governmental interventional programs in endemic areas have significantly decreased the incidence of Keshan disease. In addition, several selenoproteins are found impaired in suboptimal selenium conditions, potentially aggravating underlying mechanisms like oxidative stress, inflammation, and thyroid hormone insufficiency. While the current evidence is not sufficient to advocate selenium supplementation in patients with heart failure, there is a clear need for high level evidence to show whether treatment with selenium has a place in the contemporary treatment of patients with HF to improve meaningful clinical endpoints. Graphical summary summarizing the potential beneficial effects of the various selenoproteins, locally in cardiac tissues and systemically in the rest of the body. In short, several selenoproteins contribute in protecting the integrity of the mitochondria. By doing so, they contribute indirectly to reducing the oxidative stress as well as improving the functionality of immune cells, which are in particular vulnerable to oxidative stress. Several other selenoproteins are directly involved in antioxidative pathways, next to excreting anti-inflammatory effects. Similarly, some selenoproteins are located in the endoplasmic reticulum, playing roles in protein folding. With exception of the protection of the mitochondria and the reduction of oxidative stress, other effects are not yet investigated in cardiac tissues. The systemic effects of selenoproteins might not be limited to these mechanisms, but also may include modulation of endothelial function, protection skeletal muscles, in addition to thyroid metabolism. ABBREVIATIONS DIO, iodothyronine deiodinase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; MsrB2, methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2; SELENOK, selenoprotein K; SELENON, selenoprotein N; SELENOP, selenoprotein P; SELENOS, selenoprotein S; SELENOT, selenoprotein T; TXNRD, thioredoxin reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, UMCG Post-zone AB43, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Daiber A, Hahad O, Andreadou I, Steven S, Daub S, Münzel T. Redox-related biomarkers in human cardiovascular disease - classical footprints and beyond. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101875. [PMID: 33541847 PMCID: PMC8113038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Global epidemiological studies show that chronic non-communicable diseases such as atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders represent the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular disease such as ischemic heart disease is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and the socioeconomic health costs. Clinical and epidemiological data show an association of typical oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products, 3-nitrotyrosine or oxidized DNA/RNA bases with all major cardiovascular diseases. This supports the concept that the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by various sources (NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial respiratory chain) represents a hallmark of the leading cardiovascular comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. These reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can lead to oxidative damage but also adverse redox signaling at the level of kinases, calcium handling, inflammation, epigenetic control, circadian clock and proteasomal system. The in vivo footprints of these adverse processes (redox biomarkers) are discussed in the present review with focus on their clinical relevance, whereas the details of their mechanisms of formation and technical aspects of their detection are only briefly mentioned. The major categories of redox biomarkers are summarized and explained on the basis of suitable examples. Also the potential prognostic value of redox biomarkers is critically discussed to understand what kind of information they can provide but also what they cannot achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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18
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Serum Sulfhydryl Groups, Malondialdehyde, Uric Acid, and Bilirubin as Predictors of Adverse Outcome in Heart Failure Patients due to Ischemic or Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6693405. [PMID: 33936385 PMCID: PMC8062185 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6693405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic value of oxidation-reduction (redox) markers in patients with HF due to ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. The study included 707 patients of HF allocated into two groups depending on ethology: ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) (n = 435) and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (nICM) (n = 272), who were followed up for one year. The endpoint occurrence (mortality or heart transplantation) in a 1-year follow-up was similar in the ICM and nICM group. The predictive value of endpoint occurrence of oxidative stress biomarkers such as the serum protein sulfhydryl groups (PSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), uric acid (UA), bilirubin, and MDA/PSH ratio and other clinical and laboratory data were assessed in both groups (ICM and nICM) separately using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. In multivariate analysis, the higher concentrations of UA (p = 0.015, HR = 1.024, 95% CI (1.005-1.044)) and MDA (p = 0.004, HR = 2.202, 95% CI (1.296-3.741)) were significantly associated with adverse prognosis in patients with ICM. Contrastingly, in patients with nICM, we observed that higher bilirubin concentration (p = 0.026, HR = 1.034, 95% CI (1.004-1.064)) and MDA/PSH ratio (p = 0.034, HR = 3.360, 95% CI (1.096-10.302)) were significantly associated with increased risk of death or HT. The results showed the association of different oxidative biomarkers on the unfavorable course of heart failure depending on etiology.
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19
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Marino A, Hausenloy DJ, Andreadou I, Horman S, Bertrand L, Beauloye C. AMP-activated protein kinase: A remarkable contributor to preserve a healthy heart against ROS injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:238-254. [PMID: 33675956 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Left ventricle remodeling, fibrosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury all contribute to the deterioration of cardiac function and predispose to the onset of heart failure. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the universally recognized energy sensor which responds to low ATP levels and restores cellular metabolism. AMPK activation controls numerous cellular processes and, in the heart, it plays a pivotal role in preventing onset and progression of disease. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, known as oxidative stress, can activate AMPK, conferring an additional role of AMPK as a redox-sensor. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the crosstalk between ROS and AMPK. We describe the molecular mechanisms by which ROS activate AMPK and how AMPK signaling can further prevent heart failure progression. Ultimately, we review the potential therapeutic approaches to target AMPK for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and prevention of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Marino
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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Gianazza E, Brioschi M, Martinez Fernandez A, Casalnuovo F, Altomare A, Aldini G, Banfi C. Lipid Peroxidation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:49-98. [PMID: 32640910 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVDs) continue to be a primary cause of mortality worldwide in adults aged 35-70 years, occurring more often in countries with lower economic development, and they constitute an ever-growing global burden that has a considerable socioeconomic impact on society. The ACVDs encompass diverse pathologies such as coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF), among others. Recent Advances: It is known that oxidative stress plays a relevant role in ACVDs and some of its effects are mediated by lipid oxidation. In particular, lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a process under which oxidants such as reactive oxygen species attack unsaturated lipids, generating a wide array of oxidation products. These molecules can interact with circulating lipoproteins, to diffuse inside the cell and even to cross biological membranes, modifying target nucleophilic sites within biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, and resulting in a plethora of biological effects. Critical Issues: This review summarizes the evidence of the effect of LPO in the development and progression of atherosclerosis-based diseases, HF, and other cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the role of protein adduct formation. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies targeted at lipoxidation in ACVDs are also discussed. Future Directions: The identification of valid biomarkers for the detection of lipoxidation products and adducts may provide insights into the improvement of the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients and the development of therapeutic strategies against the oxidative effects that can then be applied within a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gianazza
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Brioschi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Arenas de Larriva AP, Limia-Pérez L, Alcalá-Díaz JF, Alonso A, López-Miranda J, Delgado-Lista J. Ceruloplasmin and Coronary Heart Disease-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103219. [PMID: 33096845 PMCID: PMC7589051 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicate that oxidative stress might play a central role in the initiation and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases. It remains unclear whether ceruloplasmin acts as a passive marker of inflammation or as a causal mediator. To better understand the impact of ceruloplasmin blood levels on the risk of cardiovascular disease, and paying special attention to coronary heart disease, we conducted a search on the two most commonly used electronic databases (Medline via PubMed and EMBASE) to analyze current assessment using observational studies in the general adult population. Each study was quality rated using criteria developed by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Most of 18 eligible studies reviewed support a direct relationship between ceruloplasmin elevated levels and incidence of coronary heart disease. Our results highlight the importance of promoting clinical trials that determine the functions of ceruloplasmin as a mediator in the development of coronary heart disease and evaluate whether the treatment of elevated ceruloplasmin levels has a role in the prognosis or prevention of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio P. Arenas de Larriva
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.P.A.d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.-M.); (J.D.-L.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Limia-Pérez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.P.A.d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.-M.); (J.D.-L.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Alcalá-Díaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.P.A.d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.-M.); (J.D.-L.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - José López-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.P.A.d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.-M.); (J.D.-L.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.P.A.d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.-M.); (J.D.-L.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Nishihara T, Tokitsu T, Sueta D, Oike F, Takae M, Fujisue K, Usuku H, Ito M, Kanazawa H, Araki S, Arima Y, Takashio S, Nakamura T, Sakamoto K, Suzuki S, Kaikita K, Yamamoto E, Tsujita K. Clinical significance of reactive oxidative metabolites in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. J Card Fail 2020; 27:57-66. [PMID: 32791184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the clinical significance of the derivative of reactive oxygen metabolites (DROM), a new marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HFrEF). METHODS AND RESULTS Serum DROM concentrations were measured in 201 consecutive patients with HFrEF (EF < 50%) in stable condition. DROM values were significantly higher in patients with HFrEF than in risk-matched patients without HF (P < 0.01). They also correlated significantly with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and B-type natriuretic peptide. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significantly higher probabilities of HF-related events in the high-DROM group than in the low-DROM group (log-rank test, P < 0.01). Multivariable Cox hazard analysis revealed that DROM were independent and significant predictors of cardiovascular events. In a subgroup analysis, DROM levels were also measured at the aortic root and coronary sinus in 49 patients. The transcardiac gradient of DROM values was significantly higher in patients with HFrEF than in patients without HF (P = 0.04), indicating an association between DROM production in the coronary circulation and HFrEF development. Changes in DROM following optimal therapy were significantly associated with LVEF improvement (r = 0.34, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The higher levels of DROM and their association with cardiovascular events suggest the clinical benefit of DROM measurements in the risk stratification of patients with HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Nishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Tokitsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumi Oike
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takae
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Fujisue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Usuku
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miwa Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Araki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaikita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science and Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Protein Carbonyl Content Is a Predictive Biomarker of Eccentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hemodialysis Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9040202. [PMID: 31775390 PMCID: PMC6963343 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and elevated oxidative stress are associated with poor outcomes in chronic hemodialysis patients. Abnormal left ventriculаr geomеtry and different geometric patterns play an important role as well. Our study analyzed the role of oxidative stress on myocardial remodeling in these patients. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) content, and total antioxidative capacity (TAC) were investigated in 104 hemodialysis patients together with transthoracic echocardiography. Compared to patients with normal ventricular geometry, patients with LVH had increased MDA and PC plasma concentration. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that protein carbonyls, as biomarkers of oxidative protein modification, were an independent predictor of eccentric hypertrophy (eLVH), including higher LV end-diastolic diameter and LV end-diastolic volume, (β = 0.32 and β = 0.28, p < 0.001 for both). The incidence of eLVH increased progressively from the lowest to the highest baseline PC tertile (p < 0.001 for the trend) and the subjects in the former group showed a 76% greater risk of developing eLVH compared to their counterparts. After further adjustment for the potential mediators, PCs carried eLVH odds (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 1.256 (0.998-1.514), per standard deviation increase. High plasma protein carbonyls levels are a significant independent predictor of eccentric LVH in chronic hemodialysis patients.
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Association between activities of SOD, MDA and Na+-K+-ATPase in peripheral blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction and the complication of varying degrees of arrhythmia. Hellenic J Cardiol 2019; 60:366-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Malondialdehyde and Uric Acid as Predictors of Adverse Outcome in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9246138. [PMID: 31687090 PMCID: PMC6803743 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9246138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In chronic heart failure (HF), some parameters of oxidative stress are correlated with disease severity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of oxidative stress biomarkers in prognostic risk stratification (death and combined endpoint: heart transplantation or death). In 774 patients, aged 48-59 years, with chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (median: 24.0 (20-29)%), parameters such as total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and concentration of uric acid (UA), bilirubin, protein sulfhydryl groups (PSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The parameters were assessed as predictive biomarkers of mortality and combined endpoint in a 1-year follow-up. The multivariate Cox regression analysis was adjusted for other important clinical and laboratory prognostic markers. Among all the oxidative stress markers examined in multivariate analysis, only MDA and UA were found to be independent predictors of death and combined endpoint. Higher serum MDA concentration increased the risk of death by 103.0% (HR = 2.103; 95% CI (1.330-3.325)) and of combined endpoint occurrence by 100% (HR = 2.000; 95% CI (1.366-2.928)) per μmol/L. Baseline levels of MDA in the 4th quartile were associated with an increased risk of death with a relative risk (RR) of 3.64 (95% CI (1.917 to 6.926), p < 0.001) and RR of 2.71 (95% CI (1.551 to 4.739), p < 0.001) for the occurrence of combined endpoint as compared to levels of MDA in the 1st quartile. Higher serum UA concentration increased the risk of death by 2.1% (HR = 1.021; 95% CI (1.005-1.038), p < 0.001) and increased combined endpoint occurrence by 1.4% (HR = 1.014; 95% CI (1.005-1.028), p < 0.001), for every 10 μmol/L. Baseline levels of UA in the 4th quartile were associated with an increased risk for death with a RR of 3.21 (95% CI (1.734 to 5.931)) and RR of 2.73 (95% CI (1.560 to 4.766)) for the occurrence of combined endpoint as compared to the levels of UA in the 1st quartile. In patients with chronic HF, increased MDA and UA concentrations were independently related to poor prognosis in a 1-year follow-up.
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Comparison of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Heart Failure Patients Depending on Ischaemic or Nonischaemic Aetiology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7156038. [PMID: 31636808 PMCID: PMC6766095 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7156038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormalities in the oxidative and antioxidant states causing oxidative stress were both found in heart failure (HF) of various aetiologies and atherosclerosis. Aim of Study The goals of the study were as follows: comparison of oxidative stress parameters (OSP) in ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) (n = 479) and nonischaemic cardiomyopathy (nICM) (n = 295) patients; assessment of the relationships of OSP with functional capacity (NYHA class), maximal oxygen consumption (max.O2), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), and NT-proBNP concentration; and determination of the mutual relations of OSP in subgroups of patients with ICM and n-ICM. Methods Serum concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), uric acid (UA), bilirubin, albumin, protein sulfhydryl groups (PSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The oxidative stress index (OSI) and MDA/PSH ratio were calculated. Results Higher concentrations of TAC (1.14 vs 1.11 mmol/l; p < 0.001) and MDA (1.80 vs 1.70 μmol/l; p < 0.05) and higher MDA/PSH ratios (0.435 vs 0.358; p < 0,001) were observed in ICM than in nICM patients. Simultaneously, lower values of the OSI index (4.27 vs 4.6; p < 0, 05), PSH (4.10 vs 4.75 μmol/g of protein; p < 0,001), and bilirubin (12.70 vs 15.40 μmol/l; p < 0,001) concentrations were indicated in ICM patients. There were no differences in TOS, UA, and albumin between the examined groups. The NYHA class and VO2max correlate with MDA, bilirubin, and albumin in both groups, while with UA only in the ICM group. Correlations between the NYHA class, VO2max, and PSH were indicated in nICM. The association of LVEF with UA, bilirubin, and albumin has been demonstrated in the ICM group. The study showed negative correlations between TAC, MDA, and PSH and positive between TAC and MDA in both groups. In ICM patients, MDA positively correlated with UA. A negative correlation between PSH and concentrations of UA and bilirubin was expressed only in the nICM group. Conclusion The obtained results confirm the relationship between the severity of HF and oxidative stress. The mechanisms of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence are partially different in the ICM and the nICM patients.
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Li H, Weng Y, Yuan S, Liu W, Yu H, Yu W. Effect of sevoflurane and propofol on acute kidney injury in pediatric living donor liver transplantation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:340. [PMID: 31475210 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.06.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality after major abdominal surgery. However, little is known about the effect of anesthetics on the development of AKI after pediatric liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthetics on postoperative AKI after LT surgery. Methods A total of 120 pediatric patients scheduled for pediatric LT were randomly assigned to receive either continuous infusion of propofol or inhalation of sevoflurane. Serum creatinine (Scr), inflammatory medium and oxidative stress factors and renal biomarkers were measured before surgery (T1), 5 min after anhepatic phase (T2), 10 min after ischemia reperfusion (T3), 2 h after ischemia reperfusion (T4), 24 h after surgery (T5), and 3 d after surgery (T6) to evaluate the effects of anesthetics on the development of postoperative AKI. Results The incidence of AKI was lower in patients receiving sevoflurane than those receiving propofol. The mean arterial pressure was changed slightly in sevoflurane group. The inflammatory factors of interleukin-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, and the levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were lower in sevoflurane group, while no oxidative stress factors [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase)] and interleukin-10 showed differences between the groups. Conclusions Anesthesia with sevoflurane may be associated with a modest decrease in the incidence of AKI when compared with propofol. Further clarification with relevance to such association is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yiqi Weng
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shaoting Yuan
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongli Yu
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wenli Yu
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
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Glutathione Transferase P1 Polymorphism Might Be a Risk Determinant in Heart Failure. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:6984845. [PMID: 31275451 PMCID: PMC6589253 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6984845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed redox balance in heart failure (HF) might contribute to impairment of cardiac function, by oxidative damage, or by regulation of cell signaling. The role of polymorphism in glutathione transferases (GSTs), involved both in antioxidant defense and in regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways in HF, has been proposed. We aimed to determine whether GST genotypes exhibit differential risk effects between coronary artery disease (CAD) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) in HF patients. GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 genotypes were determined in 194 HF patients (109 CAD, 85 IDC) and 274 age- and gender-matched controls. No significant association was found for GSTA1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genotypes with HF occurrence due to either CAD or IDC. However, carriers of at least one variant GSTP1∗Val (rs1695) allele were at 1.7-fold increased HF risk than GSTP1∗Ile/Ile carriers (p = 0.031), which was higher when combined with the variant GSTA1∗B allele (OR = 2.2, p = 0.034). In HF patients stratified based on the underlying cause of disease, an even stronger association was observed in HF patients due to CAD, who were carriers of a combined GSTP1(rs1695)/GSTA1 "risk-associated" genotype (OR = 2.8, p = 0.033) or a combined GSTP1∗Ile/Val+Val/Val (rs1695)/GSTP1∗AlaVal+∗ValVal (rs1138272) genotype (OR = 2.1, p = 0.056). Moreover, these patients exhibited significantly decreased left ventricular end-systolic diameter compared to GSTA1∗AA/GSTP1∗IleIle carriers (p = 0.021). Higher values of ICAM-1 were found in carriers of the GSTP1∗IleVal+∗ValVal (rs1695) (p = 0.041) genotype, whereas higher TNFα was determined in carriers of the GSTP1∗AlaVal+∗ValVal genotype (rs1138272) (p = 0.041). In conclusion, GSTP1 polymorphic variants may determine individual susceptibility to oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in HF.
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Mao C, Yuan JQ, Lv YB, Gao X, Yin ZX, Kraus VB, Luo JS, Chei CL, Matchar DB, Zeng Y, Shi XM. Associations between superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and all-cause mortality in older adults: a community-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:104. [PMID: 30987591 PMCID: PMC6466801 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is an important theory of aging but population-based evidence has been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between biomarkers of oxidative stress, including plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA), with all-cause mortality in older adults. METHODS This is a community-based cohort study of 2224 participants (women:1227, median age: 86 years). We included individuals aged 65 or above and with plasma SOD activity and/or MDA tests at baseline. We evaluated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by multivariable Cox models. RESULTS We documented 858 deaths during six years of follow-up. There was a significant interaction effect of sex with the association between SOD activity and mortality (P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest quintile, the risk of all-cause mortality was inversely associated with increasing quintiles of plasma SOD activity in women(P-trend< 0.001), with adjusted HRs for the second through fifth quintiles of 0.73 (95% CI 0.53-1.02), 0.52(95% CI 0.38-0.72), 0.53(95% CI 0.39-0.73), and 0.48(95% CI 0.35-0.66). There were no significant associations between SOD activity and mortality in men (P-trend = 0.64), and between MDA and mortality in all participants (P-trend = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS Increased activity of SOD was independently associated with lower all-cause mortality in older women but not in men. This epidemiological study lent support for the free radical/oxidative stress theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Yuan
- Scientific Research & International Exchange Department, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue-Bin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Lab, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhao-Xue Yin
- Nutritional Epidemiology Lab, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jie-Si Luo
- Division of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Choy-Lye Chei
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Bruce Matchar
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Study of Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the study of Aging and Human Development and the Geriatric Division of School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Study of Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Nutritional Epidemiology Lab, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Lipoxidation in cardiovascular diseases. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101119. [PMID: 30833142 PMCID: PMC6859589 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids can go through lipid peroxidation, an endogenous chain reaction that consists in the oxidative degradation of lipids leading to the generation of a wide variety of highly reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as short-chain carbonyl derivatives and oxidized truncated phospholipids. RCS exert a wide range of biological effects due to their ability to interact and covalently bind to nucleophilic groups on other macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and proteins, forming reversible and/or irreversible modifications and generating the so-called advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs). Lipoxidation plays a relevant role in the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly in the atherosclerosis-based diseases in which oxidized lipids and their adducts have been extensively characterized and associated with several processes responsible for the onset and development of atherosclerosis, such as endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Herein we will review the current knowledge on the sources of lipids that undergo oxidation in the context of cardiovascular diseases, both from the bloodstream and tissues, and the methods for detection, characterization, and quantitation of their oxidative products and protein adducts. Moreover, lipoxidation and ALEs have been associated with many oxidative-based diseases, including CVD, not only as potential biomarkers but also as therapeutic targets. Indeed, several therapeutic strategies, acting at different levels of the ALEs cascade, have been proposed, essentially blocking ALEs formation, but also their catabolism or the resulting biological responses they induce. However, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of formation and targets of ALEs could expand the available therapeutic strategies.
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Cournot M, Burillo E, Saulnier PJ, Planesse C, Gand E, Rehman M, Ragot S, Rondeau P, Catan A, Gonthier MP, Feigerlova E, Meilhac O, Hadjadj S. Circulating Concentrations of Redox Biomarkers Do Not Improve the Prediction of Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007397. [PMID: 29478972 PMCID: PMC5866317 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite pathophysiological relevance and promising experimental data, the usefulness of biomarkers of oxidative stress for cardiac risk prediction is unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the prognostic value of 6 biomarkers exploring different pathways of oxidative stress for predicting adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus beyond established risk factors. Methods and Results The SURDIAGENE (Survie, Diabete de type 2 et Genetique) prospective cohort study consecutively recruited 1468 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Assays were performed at baseline, and incident cases of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)—first occurrence of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke—were recorded during a median of 64 months. Advanced oxidation protein products, oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay, ischemia‐modified albumin, and total reductive capacity of plasma were not associated with the risk of MACE in univariate analyses. Fluorescent advanced glycation end products and carbonyls were associated with MACE (hazard ratio=1.38 per SD, 95% confidence interval 1.24‐1.54, P<0.001 and hazard ratio=1.15 per SD, 95% confidence interval 1.04‐1.27, P=0.006, respectively) in univariate analysis, but when added to a multivariate predictive model including traditional risk factors for MACE, these markers did not significantly improve c‐statistics or integrated discrimination index of the model. Conclusions These plasma concentrations of 6 markers, which cover a broad spectrum of oxidative processes, were not significantly associated with MACE occurrence and were not able to improve MACE risk discrimination and classification beyond classical risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Cournot
- INSERM UMR 1188 DéTROI (Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien) Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France .,Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHU de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France.,Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Gabriel Martin, Saint-Paul, France
| | - Elena Burillo
- INSERM UMR 1188 DéTROI (Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien) Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Saulnier
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHU de Poitiers, France.,INSERM, CIC 1402, Poitiers, France.,UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Cynthia Planesse
- INSERM UMR 1188 DéTROI (Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien) Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | | | | | - Stéphanie Ragot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHU de Poitiers, France.,Pole Dune, CHU de Poitiers, France.,INSERM, CIC 1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- INSERM UMR 1188 DéTROI (Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien) Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Aurélie Catan
- INSERM UMR 1188 DéTROI (Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien) Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- INSERM UMR 1188 DéTROI (Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien) Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Eva Feigerlova
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHU de Poitiers, France.,Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, CHU de Poitiers, France.,INSERM, CIC 1402, Poitiers, France.,UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, France.,INSERM U1082, Poitiers, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- INSERM UMR 1188 DéTROI (Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien) Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHU de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHU de Poitiers, France.,Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, CHU de Poitiers, France.,INSERM, CIC 1402, Poitiers, France.,UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, France.,INSERM U1082, Poitiers, France
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Yan S, Wu G. Could ALDH2 *2 be the reason for low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer for East Asia women? Oncotarget 2017; 9:12503-12512. [PMID: 29552329 PMCID: PMC5844765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is curious that East Asian women have a low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in various epidemiological studies. Although different explanations were given, they appear unsubstantial. We notice that East Asian population usually are inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mutation (ALDH2 * 2) carriers, and ALDH plays an important role in the resistance of ovarian cancer to chemotherapeutics, especially in ovarian cancer stem cells. Therefore, we hypothesize whether ALDH2 mutation is the major reason for low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in East Asian women, and use the evidence from literature, transcriptomic data with average 5-year overall survival to confirm our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Yan
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Guang Wu
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
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Abstract
Although substantial improvements have been made in majority of cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) remains a major health problem, with both increasing incidence and prevalence over the past decades. For that reason, the number of potential biomarkers that could contribute to diagnosis and treatment of HF patients is, almost exponentially, increasing over the recent years. The biomarkers that are, at the moment, more or less ready for use in everyday clinical practice, reflect different pathophysiological processes present in HF. In this review, seven groups of biomarkers associated to myocardial stretch (mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide, MR-proANP), myocyte injury (high-sensitive troponins, hs-cTn; heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, H-FABP; glutathione transferase P1, GSTP1), matrix remodeling (galectin-3; soluble isoform of suppression of tumorigenicity 2, sST2), inflammation (growth differentiation factor-15, GDF-15), renal dysfunction (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL; kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1), neurohumoral activation (adrenomedullin, MR-proADM; copeptin), and oxidative stress (ceruloplasmin; myeloperoxidase, MPO; 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG; thioredoxin 1, Trx1) in HF will be overviewed. It is important to note that clinical value of individual biomarkers within the single time points in both diagnosis and outcome prediction in HF is limited. Hence, the future of biomarker application in HF lies in the multimarker panel strategy, which would include specific combination of biomarkers that reflect different pathophysiological processes underlying HF.
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Oleuropein attenuates the progression of heart failure in rats by antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:245-252. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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To Supplement or Not: A Role for Antioxidant Vitamins in the Management of Heart Failure? Am J Med 2016; 129:767-8. [PMID: 27059382 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Neurohormonal activation with attendant aldosteronism contributes to the clinical appearance of congestive heart failure (CHF). Aldosteronism is intrinsically coupled to Zn and Ca dyshomeostasis, in which consequent hypozincemia compromises Zn homeostasis and Zn-based antioxidant defenses that contribute to the CHF prooxidant phenotype. Ionized hypocalcemia leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism with parathyroid hormone-mediated Ca overloading of diverse cells, including cardiomyocytes. When mitochondrial Ca overload exceeds a threshold, myocyte necrosis follows. The reciprocal regulation involving cytosolic free [Zn]i as antioxidant and [Ca]i as prooxidant can be uncoupled in favor of Zn-based antioxidant defenses. Increased [Zn]i acts as a multifaceted antioxidant by: (1) inhibiting Ca entry through L-type channels and hence cardioprotectant from the Ca-driven mitochondriocentric signal-transducer effector pathway to nonischemic necrosis, (2) serving as catalytic regulator of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, and (3) activating its cytosolic sensor, metal-responsive transcription factor that regulates the expression of relevant antioxidant defense genes. Albeit present in subnanomolar range, increased cytosolic free [Zn]i enhances antioxidant capacity that confers cardioprotection. It can be achieved exogenously by ZnSO4 supplementation or endogenously using a β3-receptor agonist (eg, nebivolol) that enhances NO generation to release inactive cytosolic Zn bound to metallothionein. By recognizing the pathophysiologic relevance of Zn dyshomeostasis in the prooxidant CHF phenotype and by exploiting the pharmacophysiologic potential of [Zn]i as antioxidant, vulnerable cardiomyocytes under assault from neurohormonal activation can be protected and the myocardium spared from adverse structural remodeling.
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Khorrami A, Hammami M, Garjani M, Maleki-Dizaji N, Garjani A. Tacrolimus ameliorates functional disturbances and oxidative stress in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:68. [PMID: 25312839 PMCID: PMC4201681 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-014-0068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory responses play a major role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Early inhibition of inflammation may improve post MI cardiac function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tacrolimus on cardiac function, hemodynamic parameters as well as histopathologic and electrocardiographic changes in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of control, isoproterenol alone, tacrolimus alone, and isoproterenol plus tacrolimus (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg). Isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously for two consecutive days to induce myocardial infarction, and simultaneously tacrolimus was administered orally twice a day for three days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Administration of isoproterenol resulted in myocardial edema and necrosis as well as a marked reduction in the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular contractility (LVdP/dtmax) and relaxation (LVdP/dtmin) along with a severe elevation in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Isoproterenol also elevated the ST-segment and suppressed the R-amplitude and R-R interval on ECG. It was found that all doses of tacrolimus could amend the ECG pattern and ameliorated the isoproterenol induced disturbances in cardiac function. Acute and short term treatment with tacrolimus at dose of 2 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) improved LVdP/dtmax from 2712 ± 82 in myocardial infarcted rats to 4592 ± 149 mmHg/sec. Similarly, tacrolimus lowered LVEDP from 17.6 ± 0.68 in MI group to the value of 5.6 ± 0.22 mmHg (P < 0.001). Furthermore, tacrolimus was found to reduce malondialdehyde concentration in serum and myocardium by 50-70% (P < 0.001).
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El ácido úrico y la actividad de gammaglutamil transferasa se asocian a los índices de remodelado ventricular izquierdo en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica. Rev Esp Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu D, Huang P, Li X, Ge M, Luo G, Hei Z. Using inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in urine to predict early acute kidney injury in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Biomarkers 2014; 19:424-9. [PMID: 24888736 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.924997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the value of inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS Urinary excretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 8-keto prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT), were measured before surgery (baseline), at 2 h after graft reperfusion and 24 h after OLT in 28 liver transplantation patients. RESULTS The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, SOD, MDA, 6-keto-PGF1α, H2O2 and 8-iso-PGF2α in urine were all significantly higher in patients who had AKI than in those who did not at 2 h after graft reperfusion and 24 h after OLT (p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Tianhe district, Guangzhou City , China
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Radovanovic S, Savic-Radojevic A, Pekmezovic T, Markovic O, Memon L, Jelic S, Simic D, Radic T, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Simic T. Uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity are associated with left ventricular remodeling indices in patients with chronic heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:632-42. [PMID: 25037542 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase are prognostic indicators in chronic heart failure. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the association between uric acid, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and chronic heart failure progression and prognosis remains largely unknown. METHODS The association of uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase with flow-mediated dilation and echocardiographic indices of cardiac remodeling was addressed in 120 patients with chronic ischemic heart failure. To determine the independent contribution of uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase to the flow-mediated dilation and echocardiographic indices of remodeling, a series of multiple linear regression models, based on traditional and nontraditional risk factors impacting upon these parameters, were constructed. RESULTS Uric acid, but not gamma-glutamyl transferase, was an independent predictor of flow-mediated dilation. Uric acid was associated with all the echocardiographic indices of left ventricular dysfunction tested in 3 multiple-regression models. Uric acid correlated with left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic volume, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (r = 0.337; r = 0.340; r = 0.321; r = 0.294; P = .001, respectively). Gamma-glutamyl transferase was an independent predictor of left ventricular end-systolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume, after adjustment for all variables. Gamma-glutamyl transferase correlated with left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic volume, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (r = 0.238, P = .009; r = 0.219, P = .016; r = 0.359, P < .001; r = 0.369, P = .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Serum uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels are associated with left ventricular remodeling in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Radovanovic
- Odeljenje Kardiologije, Klinicko-Bolnicki Centar Bezanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Institut za Medicinsku i Klinicku Biohemiju, Medicinski Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Pekmezovic
- Institut za Epidemiologiju, Medicinski Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Markovic
- Odeljenje Kardiologije, Klinicko-Bolnicki Centar Bezanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia; Medicinski Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Memon
- Odeljenje Kardiologije, Klinicko-Bolnicki Centar Bezanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jelic
- Odeljenje Kardiologije, Klinicko-Bolnicki Centar Bezanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia; Medicinski Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Simic
- Medicinski Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia; Klinika za Kardiovaskularne Bolesti, Klinicki Centar Srbije, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Radic
- Institut za Medicinsku i Klinicku Biohemiju, Medicinski Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Institut za Medicinsku i Klinicku Biohemiju, Medicinski Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institut za Medicinsku i Klinicku Biohemiju, Medicinski Fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zheng H, Li Y, Xie N. Association of serum total bilirubin levels with diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Biol Res 2014; 47:7. [PMID: 25027460 PMCID: PMC4101732 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is one of the main characteristics of heart failure patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. As bilirubin is regarded as an important endogenous antioxidant molecule, serum total bilirubin levels were compared between heart failure patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and normal controls in this study. We recruited 327 heart failure patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and 200 healthy controls. Patients were divided into 4 subgroups by their comprehensive echocardiographic manifestations, 1-mild, 2-moderate, 3-severe (reversible restrictive), 4-severe (fixed restrictive). Total bilirubin levels were compared using stepwise multiple regressions adjusted for selected factors. RESULTS After adjusting for gender, age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride, serum total bilirubin levels were significantly lower in the heart failure group compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Patients in the subgroup (4-severe) showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of total bilirubin when compared with the subgroup (1-mild). CONCLUSIONS TB level was negatively correlated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in heart failure patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, which might provide a new insight into the complicated mechanisms of heart failure with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
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Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1-34. [PMID: 24382882 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through metabolism and to which we are exposed from the environment has been elucidated. Although the human genome has 19 ALDH genes, one ALDH emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies. This ALDH, ALDH2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism. Less known is a new body of research to be discussed in this review, suggesting that ALDH2 dysfunction may contribute to a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction is also associated with Fanconi anemia, pain, osteoporosis, and the process of aging. Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies. These data together with studies in animal models and the use of new pharmacological tools that activate ALDH2 depict a new picture related to ALDH2 as a critical health-promoting enzyme.
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Gerling IC, Ahokas RA, Kamalov G, Zhao W, Bhattacharya SK, Sun Y, Weber KT. Gene Expression Profiles of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveal Transcriptional Signatures as Novel Biomarkers for Cardiac Remodeling in Rats with Aldosteronism and Hypertensive Heart Disease. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2013; 1:S2213-1779(13)00324-7. [PMID: 24416716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In searching for a noninvasive surrogate tissue having mimicry with the prooxidant/-proinflammatory hypertensive heart disease (HHD) phenotype, we turned to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We tested whether iterations in [Ca2+]i, [Zn2+]i and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and PBMC would complement each other eliciting similar shifts in gene expression profiles in these tissues demonstrable during preclinical (wk 1) and pathologic (wk 4) stages of aldosterone/salt treatment (ALDOST). BACKGROUND Inappropriate neurohormonal activation contributes to pathologic remodeling of myocardium in HHD associated with aldosteronism. In rats receiving chronic ALDOST, evidence of reparative fibrosis replacing necrotic cardiomyocytes and coronary vasculopathy appears at wk 4 associated with the induction of oxidative stress by mitochondria that overwhelms endogenous, largely Zn2+-based, antioxidant defenses. Biomarker-guided prediction of risk prior to the appearance of cardiac pathology would prove invaluable. METHODS In PBMC and cardiomyocytes, quantitation of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ and Zn2+, H2O2 and 8-iosprostane levels, as well as isolation of RNA and gene expression, together with statistical and clustering analyses, and confirmation of genes by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR, were performed. RESULTS Compared to controls, at wk 1 and 4 ALDOST, we found comparable: increments in [Ca2+]i, [Zn2+]i and 8-isoprotane coupled to increased H2O2 production in cardiac mitochondria and PBMC, together with the common networks of expression profiles dominated by genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation and repair. These included three central Ingenuity pathway-linked genes: p38MAPK, a stress-responsive protein; NFκB, a redox-sensitive transcription factor and a proinflammatory cascade it regulates; and TGF-β1, a fibrogenic cytokine involved in tissue repair. CONCLUSIONS Significant overlapping demonstrated in the molecular mimicry of PBMC and cardiomyocytes during preclinical and pathologic stages of ALDOST implicates that transcriptional signatures of PBMC may serve as early noninvasive and novel sentinels predictive of impending pathologic remodeling in HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan C Gerling
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert A Ahokas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - German Kamalov
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Syamal K Bhattacharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yao Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Karl T Weber
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Le DE, Pascotto M, Leong-Poi H, Sari I, Micari A, Kaul S. Anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects of beta blockers in a canine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy: comparison between carvedilol and metoprolol. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:384. [PMID: 24072434 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is controversy regarding the superiority of carvedilol (C) over metoprolol (M) in congestive heart failure. We hypothesized that C is superior to M in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy because of its better anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects. In order to test our hypothesis we used a chronic canine model of multivessel ischemic cardiomyopathy where myocardial microcatheters were placed from which interstitial fluid was collected over time to measure leukocyte count and cytokine levels. After development of left ventricular dysfunction, the animals were randomized into four groups: sham (n = 7), placebo (n = 8), M (n = 11), and C (n = 10), and followed for 3 months after treatment initiation. Tissue was examined for immunohistochemistry, oxidative stress, and capillary density. At 3 months both rest and stress wall thickening were better in C compared to the other groups. At the end of 3 months of treatment end-systolic wall stress also decreased the most in C. Similarly resting myocardial blood flow (MBF) improved the most in C as did the stress endocardial/epicardial MBF. Myocardial interstitial fluid showed greater attenuation of leukocytosis with C compared to M, which was associated with less fibrosis and oxidative stress. C also had higher IL-10 level and capillary density. In conclusion, in a chronic canine model of multivessel ischemic cardiomyopathy we found 3 months of C treatment resulted in better resting global and regional function as well as better regional function at stress compared to M. These changes were associated with higher myocardial levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and less myocardial oxidative stress, leukocytosis, and fibrosis. Capillary density and MBF were almost normalized. Thus in the doses used in this study, C appears to be superior to M in a chronic canine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy from beneficial effects on inflammation and angiogenesis. Further studies are required for comparing additional doses of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elizabeth Le
- Hospital and Specialty Medicine - Cardiology, Portland VA Medical Center and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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Inflammatory biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular disease. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1353-71. [PMID: 23756129 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complex; multiple biological pathways have been implicated, including, but not limited to, inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress may serve to help identify patients at risk for CVD, to monitor the efficacy of treatments, and to develop new pharmacological tools. However, due to the complexities of CVD pathogenesis there is no single biomarker available to estimate absolute risk of future cardiovascular events. Furthermore, not all biomarkers are equal; the functions of many biomarkers overlap, some offer better prognostic information than others, and some are better suited to identify/predict the pathogenesis of particular cardiovascular events. The identification of the most appropriate set of biomarkers can provide a detailed picture of the specific nature of the cardiovascular event. The following review provides an overview of existing and emerging inflammatory biomarkers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidant biomarkers. The functions of each biomarker are discussed, and prognostic data are provided where available.
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de Meirelles LR, Matsuura C, Resende ADC, Salgado AA, Pereira NR, Coscarelli PG, Mendes-Ribeiro AC, Brunini TMC. Chronic exercise leads to antiaggregant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in heart failure patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013; 21:1225-32. [PMID: 23695648 DOI: 10.1177/2047487313491662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) patients are at an increased risk of thrombotic events. Here, we investigated the effects of exercise training on platelet function and factors involved in its modulation in HF. DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty HF patients were randomized to 6 months of supervised exercise training or to a control group that remained sedentary. Exercise training consisted of 30 min of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise, followed by resistance and stretching exercises, performed three times a week. Blood was collected before and after the intervention for platelet and plasma obtainment. RESULTS Peak VO2 increased after exercise training (18.0 ± 2.2 vs. 23.8 ± 0.5 mlO2/kg/min; p < 0.05). Exercise training reduced platelet aggregation induced by both collagen and ADP (approximately -6%; p < 0.05), as well as platelet nitric oxide synthase activity (0.318 ± 0.030 vs. 0.250 ± 0.016 pmol/10(8) cells; p < 0.05). No difference in the above-mentioned variables were observed in the control group. No significant difference was observed in intraplatelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels among groups. There was a significant increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in plasma and platelets, resulting in a decrease in both lipid and protein oxidative damage. Systemic levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and tumour necrosis factor α were also reduced in HF after training. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that regular exercise training is a valuable adjunct to optimal medical management of HF, reducing platelet aggregation via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and, therefore, reducing the risk of future thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antônio C Mendes-Ribeiro
- State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Menazza S, Canton M, Sorato E, Boengler K, Schulz R, Di Lisa F. Old and new biomarkers of oxidative stress in heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddstr.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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