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Ren K, Hou S, Johnson SE, Lomasney J, Haney CR, Lee J, Ge Z, Lee DC, Goldberger JJ, Arora R, Zhao M. In Vivo Mapping of Myocardial Injury Outside the Infarct Zone: Tissue at an Intermediate Pathological State. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032577. [PMID: 38639350 PMCID: PMC11179872 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal was to determine the feasibility of mapping the injured-but-not-infarcted myocardium using 99mTc-duramycin in the postischemic heart, with spatial information for its characterization as a pathophysiologically intermediate tissue, which is neither normal nor infarcted. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary occlusion was conducted in Sprague Dawley rats with preconditioning and 30-minute ligation. In vivo single-photon emission computed tomography was acquired after 3 hours (n=6) using 99mTc-duramycin, a phosphatidylethanolamine-specific radiopharmaceutical. The 99mTc-duramycin+ areas were compared with infarct and area-at-risk (n=8). Cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells were isolated for gene expression profiling. Cardiac function was measured with echocardiography (n=6) at 4 weeks. In vivo imaging with 99mTc-duramycin identified the infarct (3.9±2.4% of the left ventricle and an extensive area 23.7±2.2% of the left ventricle) with diffuse signal outside the infarct, which is pathologically between normal and infarcted (apoptosis 1.8±1.6, 8.9±4.2, 13.6±3.8%; VCAM-1 [vascular cell adhesion molecule 1] 3.2±0.8, 9.8±4.1, 15.9±4.2/mm2; tyrosine hydroxylase 14.9±2.8, 8.6±4.4, 5.6±2.2/mm2), with heterogeneous changes including scattered micronecrosis, wavy myofibrils, hydropic change, and glycogen accumulation. The 99mTc-duramycin+ tissue is quantitatively smaller than the area-at-risk (26.7% versus 34.4% of the left ventricle, P=0.008). Compared with infarct, gene expression in the 99mTc-duramycin+-noninfarct tissue indicated a greater prosurvival ratio (BCL2/BAX [B-cell lymphoma 2/BCL2-associated X] 7.8 versus 5.7 [cardiomyocytes], 3.7 versus 3.2 [endothelial]), and an upregulation of ion channels in electrophysiology. There was decreased contractility at 4 weeks (regional fractional shortening -8.6%, P<0.05; circumferential strain -52.9%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The injured-but-not-infarcted tissue, being an intermediate zone between normal and infarct, is mapped in vivo using phosphatidylethanolamine-based imaging. The intermediate zone contributes significantly to cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Ren
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
- Present address:
Department of NeurologyTangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiP.R. China
| | - Songwang Hou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Steven E. Johnson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Jon Lomasney
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Chad R. Haney
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Chemistry of Life ProcessesNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
| | - Jungwha Lee
- Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Zhi‐dong Ge
- Cardiovascular‐Thoracic Surgery and the Heart CenterStanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Jeffrey J. Goldberger
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
- Present address:
Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of MedicineUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Rishi Arora
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
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2
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Shi H, El Kazzi M, Liu Y, Gao A, Schroder AL, Vuong S, Young PA, Rayner BS, Vreden C, King NJC, Witting PK. Multiplex analysis of mass imaging data: Application to the pathology of experimental myocardial infarction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13790. [PMID: 35080155 PMCID: PMC9286669 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) affords simultaneous immune‐labelling/imaging of multiple antigens in the same tissue. Methods utilizing multiplex data beyond co‐registration are lacking. This study developed and applied an innovative spatial analysis workflow for multiplex imaging data to IMC data determined from cardiac tissues and revealed the mechanism(s) of neutrophil‐mediated post‐myocardial‐infarction damage. Methods IMC produced multiplex images with various redox/inflammatory markers. The cardiac peri‐infarct zone (PIZ) was determined to be up to 240 µm from the infarct border based on the presence of neutrophils. The tissue region beyond the infarct was defined as the remote area (RA). ImageJ was used to quantify the immunoreactivity. Functional assessments included infarct size, cell necro/apoptosis, total thiol assay and echocardiogram. Results Expression of damage markers decreased in order from the infarct area to PIZ and then RA, reflecting the neutrophil density in the regions. Concentrically spaced “shoreline contour analysis” around the cardiac infarct extending into the PIZ showed that immunoreactivity for damage markers decreased linearly with increasing distance from the infarct, concomitant with a decreasing neutrophil‐myeloperoxidase (MPO) gradient from the infarct to the PIZ. Stratifying by concentric bands around individual MPO+‐signal identified that the immunoreactivity of haem‐oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and phosphorylated‐p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (pP38) peaked near neutrophils. Furthermore, spatial dependence between neutrophils and markers of cardiac cellular damage was confirmed by nearest‐neighbour distance analysis. Post‐infarction tissue exhibited declined functional parameters that were associated with neutrophil migration from the infarct to PIZ. Conclusion This image‐based quantitative protocol revealed the spatial association and provided potential molecular pathways responsible for neutrophil‐mediated damage post‐infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shi
- Redox Biology Group Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Mary El Kazzi
- Redox Biology Group Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Redox Biology Group Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Antony Gao
- Redox Biology Group Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Angie L. Schroder
- Redox Biology Group Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Sally Vuong
- The Heart Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Pamela A. Young
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Benjamin S. Rayner
- The Heart Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Caryn Vreden
- Immunopathology Group Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Cytometry Facility and Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Nicholas J. C. King
- Immunopathology Group Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Cytometry Facility and Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease and Biosecurity The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Paul K. Witting
- Redox Biology Group Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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3
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Datta Chaudhuri R, Banerjee D, Banik A, Sarkar S. Severity and duration of hypoxic stress differentially regulates HIF-1α-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptotic signaling milieu during myocardial infarction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 690:108430. [PMID: 32473132 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity and duration of hypoxia is known to determine apoptotic fate in heart; however, its implication during myocardial infarction (MI) remains unaddressed. Therefore the aim of the study was to determine apoptotic regulation in cardiomyocytes under varied hypoxic intensity and duration and to unravel the role of HIF-1α in such modulation. METHODS Treatment of cardiomyocytes to varied hypoxic intensity and duration was carried out in vitro, which was mimicked in vivo by dose-dependent Isoproterenol hydrochloride treatment for varied time-points. Myocardium-targeted HIF-1α knockdown in vivo was performed to decipher its role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis under varied stress. Signaling intermediates were analyzed by RT-PCR, immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation. DCFDA-based ROS assay, Griess assay for NO release and biochemical assays for estimating caspase activity were performed. RESULTS Severe stress resulted in cardiomyocyte apoptosis in both shorter and longer time-points. Moderate stress, on the other hand, induced apoptosis only in the shorter time-point which was downregulated in the longer time-point. ROS activity was upregulated under severe hypoxic stress for both time-points and only in the early time-point under moderate hypoxia. Increased ROS accumulation activated ERK-1/2 which stabilized nuclear HIF-1α, promoting bnip3-mediated apoptosis. Stable HSP90-IRE-1 association in such cells caused elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress-related caspase-12 activity. Sustained moderate hypoxia caused decline in ROS activity, but upregulated NFκB-dependent NO generation. NO-stabilized HIF-1α was predominantly cytosolic, since low ROS levels downregulated ERK-1/2 activity, thereby suppressing bnip3 expression. Cytosolic HIF-1α in such cells sequestered HSP90 from IRE-1, downregulating caspase-12 activity due to proteasomal degradation of IRE-1. Accordingly, myocardium-specific in vivo silencing of HIF-1α was beneficial at both time-points under severe stress as also for lesser duration of moderate stress. However, silencing of HIF-1α aggravated apoptotic injury during sustained moderate stress. CONCLUSION ROS-mediated HIF-1α stabilization promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis on one hand while NO-mediated stabilization of HIF-1α disrupts apoptosis depending upon the severity and duration of hypoxia. Therefore the outcome of modulation of cardiac HIF-1α activity is regulated by both the severity and duration of ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Datta Chaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Durba Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anirban Banik
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sagartirtha Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
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4
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Der Sarkissian S, Aceros H, Williams PM, Scalabrini C, Borie M, Noiseux N. Heat shock protein 90 inhibition and multi-target approach to maximize cardioprotection in ischaemic injury. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3378-3388. [PMID: 32335899 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several advances in medicine, ischaemic heart disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The unravelling of molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology has revealed targets for pharmacological interventions. However, transfer of these pharmcological possibilities to clinical use has been disappointing. Considering the complexity of ischaemic disease at the cellular and molecular levels, an equally multifaceted treatment approach may be envisioned. The pharmacological principle of 'one target, one key' may fall short in such contexts, and optimal treatment may involve one or many agents directed against complementary targets. Here, we introduce a 'multi-target approach to cardioprotection' and propose heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as a target of interest. We report on a member of a distinct class of HSP90 inhibitor possessing pleiotropic activity, which we found to exhibit potent infarct-sparing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant Der Sarkissian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Henry Aceros
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Mélanie Borie
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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5
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Molecular Mechanism Underlying Hypoxic Preconditioning-Promoted Mitochondrial Translocation of DJ-1 in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation H9c2 Cells. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010071. [PMID: 31878239 PMCID: PMC6983240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 was recently reported to be involved in the cardioprotection of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced oxidative stress damage, by preserving mitochondrial complex I activity and, subsequently, inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the molecular mechanism by which HPC enables mitochondrial translocation of DJ-1, which has no mitochondria-targeting sequence, to preserve mitochondrial complex I, is largely unknown. In this study, co-immunoprecipitation data showed that DJ-1 was associated with glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75), and this association was significantly enhanced after HPC. Immunofluorescence imaging and Western blot analysis showed that HPC substantially enhanced the translocation of DJ-1 from cytosol to mitochondria in H9c2 cells subjected to H/R, which was mimicked by DJ-1 overexpression induced by pFlag-DJ-1 transfection. Importantly, knockdown of Grp75 markedly reduced the mitochondrial translocation of DJ-1 induced by HPC and pFlag-DJ-1 transfection. Moreover, HPC promoted the association of DJ-1 with mitochondrial complex I subunits ND1 and NDUFA4, improved complex I activity, and inhibited mitochondria-derived ROS production and subsequent oxidative stress damage after H/R, which was also mimicked by pFlag-DJ-1 transfection. Intriguingly, these effects of HPC and pFlag-DJ-1 transfection were also prevented by Grp75 knockdown. In conclusion, these results indicated that HPC promotes the translocation of DJ-1 from cytosol to mitochondria in a Grp75-dependent manner and Grp75 is required for DJ-1-mediated protection of HPC on H/R-induced mitochondrial complex I defect and subsequent oxidative stress damage.
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6
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Chan JYH, Chan SHH. Differential impacts of brain stem oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:120-136. [PMID: 31153955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on work-done in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), this review presents four lessons learnt from studying the differential impacts of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone and their clinical and therapeutic implications. The first lesson is that an increase in sympathetic vasomotor tone because of augmented oxidative stress in the RVLM is responsible for the generation of neurogenic hypertension. On the other hand, a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM underpins the succession of increase to decrease in sympathetic vasomotor tone during the progression towards brain stem death. The second lesson is that, by having different cellular sources, regulatory mechanisms on synthesis and degradation, kinetics of chemical reactions, and downstream signaling pathways, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species should not be regarded as a singular moiety. The third lesson is that well-defined differential roles of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress with distinct regulatory mechanisms in the RVLM during neurogenic hypertension and brain stem death clearly denote that they are not interchangeable phenomena with unified cellular actions. Special attention must be paid to their beneficial or detrimental roles under a specific disease or a particular time-window of that disease. The fourth lesson is that, to be successful, future antioxidant therapies against neurogenic hypertension must take into consideration the much more complicated picture than that presented in this review on the generation, maintenance, regulation or modulation of the sympathetic vasomotor tone. The identification that the progression towards brain stem death entails a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM may open a new vista for therapeutic intervention to slow down this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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7
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Aceros H, Der Sarkissian S, Borie M, Stevens LM, Mansour S, Noiseux N. Celastrol-type HSP90 modulators allow for potent cardioprotective effects. Life Sci 2019; 227:8-19. [PMID: 30986447 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac ischemic conditioning has been shown to decrease ischemic injury in experimental models and clinically. Activation of survival pathways leading to heat shock proteins (HSP) modulation is an important contributor to this effect. We have previously shown that celastrol, an HSP90 modulator, achieves cardioprotection through activation of cytoprotective HSP's and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This is the first comparative evaluation of several modulators of HSP90 activity for cardioprotection. Furthermore, basic celastrol structure-activity relationship was characterized in order to develop novel potent infarct sparing agents suitable for clinical development. MAIN METHODS Combining in vitro cell culture using rat myocardial cell line exposed to ischemic and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) stresses, and ex vivo Langendorff rat heart perfusion I/R model, we evaluated cardioprotective effects of various compounds. Selected signalling pathways were evaluated by western blot and reporter gene activation. KEY FINDINGS From a variety of HSP90 modulator chemotypes, the celastrol family was most efficient in inducing cytoprotective HSP70 and HO-1 protein overexpression and cell survival in vitro. Celastrol and two synthetic analogs were protective against ischemia and prevented ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury when given as pre-treatment or at time of reperfusion, increasing viability and reducing mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that the two synthetic analogs show cardioprotective activity at lower concentrations compared to celastrol, with activation of multiple survival pathways. SIGNIFICANCE Celastrol backbone is essential for cardioprotection through HSP90 activity modulation. These compounds hold promise as novel adjunct treatment to improve outcome in the clinical management of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Aceros
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shant Der Sarkissian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Borie
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Mathieu Stevens
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samer Mansour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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8
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Vogt S, Irqsusi M, Naraghi H, Sattler A, Ruppert V, Weber P, Rhiel A, Ramzan R. Mitochondrial active and relaxed state respiration after heat shock mRNA response in the heart. J Therm Biol 2019; 80:106-112. [PMID: 30784473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Induction of Heat Shock Proteins results in cytoprotection. Beneficial effect results from transcription and translational cellular components' involvement that defends metabolism and thus induce ischemic protection of the tissue. Mitochondrial respiration is also involved in stress- induced conditions. It is not a uniform process. Cytochrome c Oxidase (CytOx) representing complex IV of the Electron Transfer Chain (ETC) has a regulatory role for mitochondrial respiratory activity, which is tested in our study after hsp induction. Moreover, protein translation for mitochondrial components was probed by the detection of MT-CO1 for Subunit 1 of CytOx neosynthesis. Wistar rats were subjected to whole-body hyperthermia at 42.0-42.5 °C for 15 min followed by a normothermic recovery period. Heat shock response was monitored time dependent from LV biopsies of all control and heat treated animals with PCR-analysis for hsp 32, 60, 70.1, 70.2, 90 and MT-CO1 expression at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 360 min recovery (n = 5 in each group), respectively. Enzymatic activity of CytOx were evaluated polarographically. High energy phosphates were detected by chromatographic analysis. The mRNA expression of MT-CO1 peaked at 60 min and was accompanied by hsp 32 (r = 0.457; p = 0.037) and hsp 70.2 (r = 0.615; p = 0.003) upregulation. With hsp induction, mitochondrial respiration was increased initially. Enzymatic activity reconciled from active into relaxed status wherein CytOx activity was completely inhibited by ATP. Myocardial ATP content increased from stress induced point i.e. < 1 µmol g-1 protein w/w to finally 1.5 ± 0.53 µmol g-1 protein w/w at 120 min recovery interval. Hyperthermic, myocardial hsp- induction goes along with increased CytOx activity representing an increased "active" mitochondrial respiration. In parallel, de -novo holoenzyme assembly of CytOx begins as shown by MT-CO1 upregulation at 60 min recovery time crossing with a final return to the physiological "relaxed" state and ATP -inhibited respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogt
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Irqsusi
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Hamid Naraghi
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Alexander Sattler
- Center for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Volker Ruppert
- Center for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Petra Weber
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
| | - Annika Rhiel
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
| | - Rabia Ramzan
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
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9
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Majumder A, Singh M, George AK, Homme RP, Laha A, Tyagi SC. Remote ischemic conditioning as a cytoprotective strategy in vasculopathies during hyperhomocysteinemia: An emerging research perspective. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:77-92. [PMID: 30272816 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of nonprotein amino acid homocysteine (Hcy), that is, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) (~5% of general population) has been associated with severe vasculopathies in different organs; however, precise molecular mechanism(s) as to how HHcy plays havoc with body's vascular networks are largely unknown. Interventional modalities have not proven beneficial to counter multifactorial HHcy's effects on the vascular system. An ancient Indian form of exercise called 'yoga' causes transient ischemia as a result of various body postures however the cellular mechanisms are not clear. We discuss a novel perspective wherein we argue that application of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) could, in fact, deliver anticipated results to patients who are suffering from chronic vascular dysfunction due to HHcy. RIC is the mechanistic phenomenon whereby brief episodes of ischemia-reperfusion events are applied to distant tissues/organs; that could potentially offer a powerful tool in mitigating chronic lethal ischemia in target organs during HHcy condition via simultaneous reduction of inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. We opine that during ischemic conditioning our organs cross talk by releasing cellular messengers in the form of exosomes containing messenger RNAs, circular RNAs, anti-pyroptotic factors, protective cytokines like musclin, transcription factors, small molecules, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic factors, antioxidants, and vasoactive gases. All these could help mobilize the bone marrow-derived stem cells (having tissue healing properties) to target organs. In that context, we argue that RIC could certainly play a savior's role in an unfortunate ischemic or adverse event in people who have higher levels of the circulating Hcy in their systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Akash K George
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rubens Petit Homme
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Anwesha Laha
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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10
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Pan YL, Han ZY, He SF, Yang W, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Chen ZW. miR‑133b‑5p contributes to hypoxic preconditioning‑mediated cardioprotection by inhibiting the activation of caspase‑8 and caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7097-7104. [PMID: 29568969 PMCID: PMC5928670 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study using a microRNA (miRNA/miR) microarray assay, we demonstrated that miR-133b-5p was upregulated in response to hypoxic preconditioning (HPC). The present study was designed to investigate the role of the miR‑133b‑5p in HPC‑induced cardioprotection and the underlying mechanisms involving caspase‑8 and caspase‑3 apoptotic signaling. Adult rats were subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with or without ischemic preconditioning (IPC), and the level of miR‑133b‑5p in myocardium was measured. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury, with or without HPC. miR‑133b‑5p antagomir was transfected into the cardiomyocytes to observe whether it could block HPC‑induced cardioprotection. Cellular injury was evaluated by detecting cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and apoptotic rate. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the level of miR‑133b‑5p. The activation of caspase‑8 and caspase‑3 were measured by western blot analysis to detect the cleaved fragments as well as a colorimetric assay. Following myocardial I/R injury, the expression of miR‑133b‑5p was decreased in myocardium, while this decrease was restored by IPC. HPC protected neonatal rat cardiomyocytes against H/R injury by increasing cell viability, while reducing LDH release and cell apoptosis. These protective effects were coupled with the upregulation of miR‑133b‑5p. However, the knockdown of miR‑133b‑5p in the cardiomyocytes blocked HPC‑mediated cardioprotection as reflected by the aggravation of cell injury and apoptosis. HPC upregulated miR‑133b‑5p level was markedly suppressed by the antagomir. In addition, the cleavage and activities of caspase‑8 and caspase‑3 were inhibited by HPC while reversed by knockdown of miR‑133b‑5p. Upregulation of miR‑133b‑5p contributes to HPC‑mediated cardioprotection in cardiomyocytes, and the mechanism may be associated with inhibition of caspase‑8 and caspase‑3 apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lu Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Yi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Fang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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11
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Ding H, Xu XW, Wang H, Xiao L, Zhao L, Duan GL, Li XR, Ma ZX, Chen HP. DJ-1 plays an obligatory role in the cardioprotection of delayed hypoxic preconditioning against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress through maintaining mitochondrial complex I activity. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:147-154. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ling Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Xia Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - He-Ping Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
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12
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Effect of sulfated galactan from Porphyra haitanensis on H 2O 2-induced premature senescence in WI-38 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:1235-1239. [PMID: 28860061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Porphyran sulfated galactan extracted from red algae Porphyra haitanensis is a sulfated polysaccharide, which possesses excellent activities. In the present study, WI-38 cells were treated with H2O2 to induce premature senescence and then the protection of porphyran against aging in vitro and associated molecular mechanisms were investigated. The protection occurred in a dose-dependent manner, offering an optimal efficacy starting at 10μg/mL. The proportion of SA-β-gal positive cells in porphyran group decreases from 53% to 23% in the cultures at 30 PDs. Porphyran has been detected specifically reducing SAHF-like foci formation in senescent cells. In addition, porphyran significantly affected the p53-p21 pathways in H2O2-treated WI-38 cells. Our data suggest the promising role of porphyran as an attractive and bio-safe agent with the potential to retard senescence and attenuate senescence-related diseases.
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13
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Pavo N, Lukovic D, Zlabinger K, Zimba A, Lorant D, Goliasch G, Winkler J, Pils D, Auer K, Jan Ankersmit H, Giricz Z, Baranyai T, Sárközy M, Jakab A, Garamvölgyi R, Emmert MY, Hoerstrup SP, Hausenloy DJ, Ferdinandy P, Maurer G, Gyöngyösi M. Sequential activation of different pathway networks in ischemia-affected and non-affected myocardium, inducing intrinsic remote conditioning to prevent left ventricular remodeling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43958. [PMID: 28266659 PMCID: PMC5339807 DOI: 10.1038/srep43958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the pathway networks of ischemia-affected and remote myocardial areas after repetitive ischemia/reperfusion (r-I/R) injury without ensuing myocardial infarction (MI) to elaborate a spatial- and chronologic model of cardioprotective gene networks to prevent left ventricular (LV) adverse remodeling. Domestic pigs underwent three cycles of 10/10 min r-I/R by percutaneous intracoronary balloon inflation/deflation in the mid left anterior descending artery, without consecutive MI. Sham interventions (n = 8) served as controls. Hearts were explanted at 5 h (n = 6) and 24 h (n = 6), and transcriptomic profiling of the distal (ischemia-affected) and proximal (non-affected) anterior myocardial regions were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) and post-processing with signaling pathway impact and pathway network analyses. In ischemic region, r-I/R induced early activation of Ca-, adipocytokine and insulin signaling pathways with key regulator STAT3, which was also upregulated in the remote areas together with clusterin (CLU) and TNF-alpha. During the late phase of cardioprotection, antigen immunomodulatory pathways were activated with upregulation of STAT1 and CASP3 and downregulation of neprilysin in both zones, suggesting r-I/R induced intrinsic remote conditioning. The temporo-spatially differently activated pathways revealed a global myocardial response, and neprilysin and the STAT family as key regulators of intrinsic remote conditioning for prevention of adverse remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Pavo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abelina Zimba
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Lorant
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CeMSIIS - Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Auer
- Department of Obstretrics and Gynecology - Molecular Oncology Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Baranyai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Sárközy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Jakab
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Garamvölgyi
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Wang H, Li YY, Qiu LY, Yan YF, Liao ZP, Chen HP. Involvement of DJ‑1 in ischemic preconditioning‑induced delayed cardioprotection in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:995-1001. [PMID: 28035392 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DJ‑1 protein, as a multifunctional intracellular protein, has been demonstrated to serve a critical role in regulating cell survival and oxidative stress. To provide in vivo evidence that DJ‑1 is involved in the delayed cardioprotection induced by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) against oxidative stress caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the present study subjected male Sprague‑Dawley rats to IPC (3 cycles of 5‑min coronary occlusion/5‑min reperfusion) 24 h prior to I/R (30‑min coronary occlusion/120‑min reperfusion). A lentiviral vector containing short hairpin RNA was injected into the left ventricle three weeks prior to IPC, to knockdown DJ‑1 in situ. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase‑MB (CK‑MB) release, infarct size, cardiac function, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DJ‑1 protein expression levels were assessed. IPC caused a significant increase in the expression levels of DJ‑1 protein. In addition, IPC reduced LDH and CK‑MB release, attenuated myocardial infarct size, improved cardiac function following I/R, and inhibited the elevation of ROS and MDA and the decrease in activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx. However, in situ knockdown of DJ‑1 attenuated the IPC‑induced delayed cardioprotection, and reversed the inhibitory effect of IPC on I/R‑induced oxidative stress. The present study therefore provided novel evidence that DJ‑1 is involved in the delayed cardioprotection of IPC against I/R injury in vivo. Notably, DJ‑1 is required for IPC to inhibit I/R‑induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Ping Liao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - He-Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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15
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Argon Induces Protective Effects in Cardiomyocytes during the Second Window of Preconditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071159. [PMID: 27447611 PMCID: PMC4964531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that argon has organoprotective properties. So far, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of argon preconditioning in cardiomyocytes within the first and second window of preconditioning. Primary isolated cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were subjected to 50% argon for 1 h, and subsequently exposed to a sublethal dosage of hypoxia (<1% O2) for 5 h either within the first (0–3 h) or second window (24–48 h) of preconditioning. Subsequently, the cell viability and proliferation was measured. The argon-induced effects were assessed by evaluation of mRNA and protein expression after preconditioning. Argon preconditioning did not show any cardioprotective effects in the early window of preconditioning, whereas it leads to a significant increase of cell viability 24 h after preconditioning compared to untreated cells (p = 0.015) independent of proliferation. Argon-preconditioning significantly increased the mRNA expression of heat shock protein (HSP) B1 (HSP27) (p = 0.048), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) (p = 0.001), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p < 0.001) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (p = 0.001). No difference was found with respect to activation of pro-survival kinases in the early and late window of preconditioning. The findings provide the first evidence of argon-induced effects on the survival of cardiomyocytes during the second window of preconditioning, which may be mediated through the induction of HSP27, SOD2, VEGF and iNOS.
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16
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DJ-1 Mediates the Delayed Cardioprotection of Hypoxic Preconditioning Through Activation of Nrf2 and Subsequent Upregulation of Antioxidative Enzymes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 66:148-58. [PMID: 25915512 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that DJ-1 is implicated in the delayed cardioprotective effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury as an endogenous protective protein. This study aims to further investigate the underlying mechanism by which DJ-1 mediates the delayed cardioprotection of HPC against H/R-induced oxidative stress. Using a well-characterized cellular model of HPC from rat heart-derived H9c2 cells, we found that HPC promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its cytoplasmic inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1) dissociation and resulted in increased nuclear translocation, antioxidant response element-binding, and transcriptional activity of Nrf2 24 hours after HPC, with subsequent upregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which provided delayed protection against H/R-induced oxidative stress in normal H9c2 cells. However, the aforementioned effects of HPC were abolished in DJ-1-knockdown H9c2 cells, which were restored by restoration of DJ-1 expression. Importantly, we showed that inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway in H9c2 cells mimicked the effects of DJ-1 knockdown and abolished HPC-derived induction of antioxidative enzymes (MnSOD and HO-1) and the delayed cardioprotection. In addition, inhibition of Nrf2 also reversed the effects of restored DJ-1 expression on induction of antioxidative enzymes and delayed cardioprotection by HPC in DJ-1-knockdown H9c2 cells. Taken together, this work revealed that activation of Nrf2 pathway and subsequent upregulation of antioxidative enzymes could be a critical mechanism by which DJ-1 mediates the delayed cardioprotection of HPC against H/R-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells.
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17
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Akopova O, Nosar V, Gavenauskas B, Bratus L, Kolchinskaya L, Mankovska I, Sagach V. The effect of atp-dependent potassium uptake on mitochondrial functions under acute hypoxia. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:67-75. [PMID: 26739597 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The opening of mitochondrial K(+) АТР-channel (mtK(+) АТР-channel) is supposed to be important in the modulation of mitochondrial functions under hypoxia, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified yet. The aim of this work was to study the effect of acute hypoxia on mtK(+) АТР-channel activity and to estimate the contribution of the channel in the modulation of mitochondrial functions. MtK(+) АТР-channel activity was assessed polarographically from the rate of State 4 respiration and by potentiometric monitoring of potassium efflux from deenergized mitochondria. It was shown that hypoxia reliably increased mtK(+) АТР-channel activity, which resulted in the changes of respiration rates (increase of State 4 and suppression of State 3 respiration), uncoupling (the decrease of respiratory control ratio) and suppression of phosphorylation. These effects were well mimicked by mtK(+) АТР-channel opener diazoxide (DZ) in isolated rat liver mitochondria. MtK(+) АТР-channel opening in vitro suppressed phosphorylation too, but increased phosphorylation efficiency, while mtK(+) АТР-channel blockers reduced it dramatically. The correlation was established between mtK(+) АТР-channel activity and the endurance of the rats to physical training under hypoxia. Hypoxia improved physical endurance, but treatment by mtK(+) АТР-channel blockers glibenklamide and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) prior to hypoxia strongly reduced both the channel activity and the endurance limits. This was in accord with the observation that under glibenklamide and 5-HD administration hypoxia failed to restore mtK(+) АТР-channel activity. Based on the experiments, we came to the conclusion that mtK(+) АТР-channel opening played a decisive role in the regulation of energy metabolism under acute hypoxia via the modulation of phosphorylation system in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Akopova
- Circulation Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Bogomoletz str. 4, 01601, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Valentina Nosar
- Hypoxic States Research Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Bronislav Gavenauskas
- Hypoxic States Research Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Larissa Bratus
- Hypoxic States Research Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Liudmila Kolchinskaya
- Circulation Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Bogomoletz str. 4, 01601, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Mankovska
- Hypoxic States Research Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Vadim Sagach
- Circulation Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Bogomoletz str. 4, 01601, Kiev, Ukraine
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18
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Hypoxia-induced force increase (HIFI) is a novel mechanism underlying the strengthening of labor contractions, produced by hypoxic stresses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26195731 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503497112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For successful birth, contractions need to become progressively stronger. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, however. We have found that a novel mechanism, hypoxia-induced force increase (HIFI), is switched on selectively, at term, and is essential to strengthening contractions. HIFI is initiated as contractions cyclically reduce blood flow and produce repeated hypoxic stresses, with associated metabolic and transcriptomic changes. The increases in contractility are a long-lasting, oxytocin-independent, intrinsic mechanism present only in the full-term pregnant uterus. HIFI is inhibited by adenosine receptor antagonism and blockade of cyclooxygenase-2 signaling, and partially reproduced by brief episodes of acidic (but not alkalotic) pH. HIFI explains how labor can progress despite paradoxical metabolic challenge, and provides a new mechanistic target for the 1 in 10 women suffering dysfunctional labor because of poor contractions.
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19
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Percutaneous carbon dioxide mist treatment has protective effects in experimental myocardial infarction. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:474-80. [PMID: 25906762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous treatment with carbon dioxide (CO2) mist, CO2 gas dissolved in water, contributes to improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated pretreatment with CO2 mist on cardiac dysfunction after MI. The CO2 mist was generated by a dry mist production unit. The whole body of rats below the axilla was wrapped in a polyethylene bag, which was sealed and filled with the CO2 mist in the draft cabinet for 30 min daily for 7 days. MI was induced by ligation of the coronary artery in untreated (UT), CO2 gas-pretreated (CG), and CO2 mist-pretreated (CM) rats. The infarct size and the increase in oxidative stress due to MI were significantly smaller in the CM rats than in the UT rats. Furthermore, the expression of inflammation-related genes, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and fibrosis-related genes, such as transforming growth factor-β1, was significantly suppressed in the CM rats. The CM rats had a better left ventricular ejection fraction than the UT rats 7 days after MI. These parameters in the CG rats were the same as in the UT group. Thus, CO2 mist preparative treatment may be potentially useful for the reduction of MI.
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Uryash A, Bassuk J, Kurlansky P, Altamirano F, Lopez JR, Adams JA. Non-invasive technology that improves cardiac function after experimental myocardial infarction: Whole Body Periodic Acceleration (pGz). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121069. [PMID: 25807532 PMCID: PMC4373845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) may produce significant inflammatory changes and adverse ventricular remodeling leading to heart failure and premature death. Pharmacologic, stem cell transplantation, and exercise have not halted the inexorable rise in the prevalence and great economic costs of heart failure despite extensive investigations of such treatments. New therapeutic modalities are needed. Whole Body Periodic Acceleration (pGz) is a non-invasive technology that increases pulsatile shear stress to the endothelium thereby producing several beneficial cardiovascular effects as demonstrated in animal models, normal humans and patients with heart disease. pGz upregulates endothelial derived nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and its phosphorylation (p-eNOS) to improve myocardial function in models of myocardial stunning and preconditioning. Here we test whether pGz applied chronically after focal myocardial infarction in rats improves functional outcomes from MI. Focal MI was produced by left coronary artery ligation. One day after ligation animals were randomized to receive daily treatments of pGz for four weeks (MI-pGz) or serve as controls (MI-CONT), with an additional group as non-infarction controls (Sham). Echocardiograms and invasive pressure volume loop analysis were carried out. Infarct transmurality, myocardial fibrosis, and markers of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined along with protein analysis of eNOS, p-eNOS and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).At four weeks, survival was 80% in MI-pGz vs 50% in MI-CONT (p< 0.01). Ejection fraction and fractional shortening and invasive pressure volume relation indices of afterload and contractility were significantly better in MI-pGz. The latter where associated with decreased infarct transmurality and decreased fibrosis along with increased eNOS, p-eNOS. Additionally, MI-pGz had significantly lower levels of iNOS, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), and higher level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). pGz improved survival and contractile performance, associated with improved myocardial remodeling. pGz may serve as a simple, safe, non-invasive therapeutic modality to improve myocardial function after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States of America
| | - Jorge Bassuk
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States of America
| | - Paul Kurlansky
- Columbia Heart Source, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Departments of Molecular Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Departments of Molecular Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States of America
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Tregub P, Kulikov V, Motin Y, Bespalov A, Osipov I. Combined exposure to hypercapnia and hypoxia provides its maximum neuroprotective effect during focal ischemic injury in the brain. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 24:381-7. [PMID: 25498739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present research, we compared the neuroprotective efficiency of combined and isolated exposure to hypoxia and hypercapnia preceding focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats. The study was conducted to verify the hypothesis of a possible increase in normobaric hypoxia (NbH; 90 mm Hg) efficiency when combined with permissive hypercapnia (PH; 50 mm Hg). METHODS The rats from the test groups were subjected to a 15-fold exposure to NbH (90 mm Hg) and/or PH (50 mm Hg). After the 15th exposure, cerebral ischemic injury was induced by photochemical thrombosis. Seventy-two hours later, neurologic deficit was determined on the Neurological Severity Score scale and by the rotarod test, and the volume of cerebral infarction was measured after focal photochemical thrombosis. RESULTS The neurologic deficit decreased most efficiently in rats that underwent PH and hypercapnic hypoxia (HH) exposure, whereas NbH had no impact on the neurologic status of the animals. On the contrary, motor coordination disturbances were minimal during exposure to hypoxia and HH. All respiratory interventions reduced the cerebral ischemic infarction volume in rats. The smallest infarction volumes were registered in the area of photochemical thrombosis in rats from the hypercapnic-hypoxic impact group, whereas exposure to NbH or PH did not show any cross difference. CONCLUSIONS The impact of PH has greater neuroprotective potential compared with NbH. Thus, we can assume that hypercapnia is a predominant factor in providing neuroprotection in combination with hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tregub
- Department of Pathophysiology, Federal Agency for Health and Social Development, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Altai Region, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Kulikov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Federal Agency for Health and Social Development, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Altai Region, Russia
| | - Yuri Motin
- Department of Histology, Federal Agency for Health and Social Development, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Altai Region, Russia
| | - Andrey Bespalov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Federal Agency for Health and Social Development, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Altai Region, Russia
| | - Ilya Osipov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Federal Agency for Health and Social Development, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Altai Region, Russia
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Xu B, Zhang J, Strom J, Lee S, Chen QM. Myocardial ischemic reperfusion induces de novo Nrf2 protein translation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1638-47. [PMID: 24915518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a bZIP transcription factor regulating the expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes. We have found that Nrf2 knockout mice have an increased infarction size in response to regional ischemic reperfusion and have a reduced degree of cardiac protection by means of ischemic preconditioning. With cycles of brief ischemia and reperfusion (5'I/5'R) that induce cardiac protection in wild type mice, an elevated Nrf2 protein was observed without prior increases of Nrf2 mRNA. When an mRNA species is being translated into a protein, it is occupied by multiple ribosomes. The level of ribosome-associated Nrf2 mRNA increased following cycles of 5'I/5'R, supporting de novo Nrf2 protein translation. A dicistronic reporter assay indicated a role of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of Nrf2 mRNA in oxidative stress induced Nrf2 protein translation in isolated cardiomyocytes. Western blot analyses after isolation of proteins binding to biotinylated Nrf2 5' UTR from the myocardium or cultured cardiomyocytes demonstrated that cycles of 5'I/5'R or oxidants caused an increased association of La protein with Nrf2 5' UTR. Ribonucleoprotein complex immunoprecipitation assays confirmed such association indeed occurring in vivo. Knocking down La using siRNA was able to prevent Nrf2 protein elevation by oxidants in cultured cardiomyocytes and by cycles of 5'I/5'R in the myocardium. Our data point out a novel mechanism of cardiac protection by de novo Nrf2 protein translation involving interaction of La protein with 5' UTR of Nrf2 mRNA in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jack Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Joshua Strom
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Sang Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Qin M Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Goetzenich A, Hatam N, Preuss S, Moza A, Bleilevens C, Roehl AB, Autschbach R, Bernhagen J, Stoppe C. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in late-phase preconditioning with xenon, isoflurane and levosimendan in rat cardiomyocytes. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013; 18:321-8. [PMID: 24351506 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The protective effects of late-phase preconditioning can be triggered by several stimuli. Unfortunately, the transfer from bench to bedside still represents a challenge, as concomitant medication or diseases influence the complex signalling pathways involved. In an established model of primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we analysed the cardioprotective effects of three different stimulating pharmaceuticals of clinical relevance. The effect of additional β-blocker treatment was studied as these were previously shown to negatively influence preconditioning. METHODS Twenty-four hours prior to hypoxia, cells pre-treated with or without metoprolol (0.55 µg/ml) were preconditioned with isoflurane, levosimendan or xenon. The influences of these stimuli on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as inducible and endothelial nitric synthase (iNOS/eNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The preconditioning was proved by trypan blue cell counts following 5 h of hypoxia and confirmed by fluorescence staining. RESULTS Five hours of hypoxia reduced cell survival in unpreconditioned control cells to 44 ± 4%. Surviving cell count was significantly higher in cells preconditioned either by 2 × 15 min isoflurane (70 ± 16%; P = 0.005) or by xenon (59 ± 8%; P = 0.049). Xenon-preconditioned cells showed a significantly elevated content of VEGF (0.025 ± 0.010 IDV [integrated density values when compared with GAPDH] vs 0.003 ± 0.006 IDV in controls; P = 0.0003). The protein expression of HIF-1α was increased both by levosimendan (0.563 ± 0.175 IDV vs 0.142 ± 0.042 IDV in controls; P = 0.0289) and by xenon (0.868 ± 0.222 IDV; P < 0.0001) pretreatment. A significant elevation of mRNA expression of iNOS was measureable following preconditioning by xenon but not by the other chosen stimuli. eNOS mRNA expression was found to be suppressed by β-blocker treatment for all stimuli. In our model, independently of the chosen stimulus, β-blocker treatment had no significant effect on cell survival. CONCLUSIONS We found that the stimulation of late-phase preconditioning involves several distinct pathways that are variably addressed by the different stimuli. In contrast to isoflurane treatment, xenon-induced preconditioning does not lead to an increase in COX-2 gene transcription but to a significant increase in HIF-1α and subsequently VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goetzenich
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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24
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Tregub P, Kulikov V, Bespalov A. Tolerance to acute hypoxia maximally increases in case of joint effect of normobaric hypoxia and permissive hypercapnia in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:165-70. [PMID: 24083870 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied the comparative efficacy of independent and combined effects of normobaric hypoxia (90mmHg) and permissive hypercapnia (50mmHg) in increasing the tolerance of rats to acute hypobaric hypoxia. METHODS We determined the time to loss of pose and life duration as a measure to assess the degree of tolerance of animals to hypobaric hypoxia by exposing them to an altitude of 11,500m (barometric=180mmHg). RESULTS Exposure to hypercapnic hypoxia increased the tolerance to acute hypobaric hypoxia compared to exposure to normobaric hypoxia or permissive hypercapnia alone. DISCUSSION The positive effects of hypercapnia and hypercapnic hypoxia occurred after one exposure, and increasing the number of exposures proportionally increased the tolerance to acute hypobaric hypoxia. The effect of permissive hypercapnia on increasing the tolerance to acute hypobaric hypoxia was found to be significantly greater than that of exposure to normobaric hypoxia. Therefore, we propose that hypercapnia is the dominant factor in increasing tolerance to acute hypobaric hypoxia. CONCLUSION Tolerance to acute hypoxia maximally increases in case of joint effect of normobaric hypoxia and permissive hypercapnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tregub
- Department of Pathophysiology, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia.
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25
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Huang XS, Chen HP, Yu HH, Yan YF, Liao ZP, Huang QR. Nrf2-dependent upregulation of antioxidative enzymes: a novel pathway for hypoxic preconditioning-mediated delayed cardioprotection. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:33-41. [PMID: 24048861 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been well demonstrated that hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) can attenuate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced oxidant stress and elicit delayed cardioprotection by upregulating the expression of multiple antioxidative enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and so on. However, the underlying mechanisms of HPC-induced upregulation of antioxidative enzymes are not fully understood. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an essential transcription factor that regulates expression of several antioxidant genes via binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) and plays a crucial role in cellular defence against oxidative stress. Here, we wondered whether activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway is responsible for the induction of antioxidative enzymes by HPC and contributes to the delayed cardioprotection of HPC. Cellular model of HPC from rat heart-derived H9c2 cells was induced 24 h prior to H/R. The results showed that HPC efficiently attenuated H/R-induced viability loss and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. In addition, HPC increased nuclear translocation and ARE binding of Nrf2 during the late phase, upregulated the expression of antioxidative enzymes (HO-1 and MnSOD), inhibited H/R-induced oxidant stress. However, when Nrf2 was specifically knocked down by siRNA, the induction of antioxidative enzymes by HPC was completely abolished and, as a result, the inhibitory effect of HPC on H/R-induced oxidant stress was reversed, and the delayed cardioprotection induced by HPC was also abolished. These results suggest that HPC upregulates antioxidative enzymes through activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway and confers delayed cardioprotection against H/R-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
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26
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Della-Morte D, Guadagni F, Palmirotta R, Ferroni P, Testa G, Cacciatore F, Abete P, Rengo F, Perez-Pinzon MA, Sacco RL, Rundek T. Genetics and genomics of ischemic tolerance: focus on cardiac and cerebral ischemic preconditioning. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1741-57. [PMID: 23171338 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A subthreshold ischemic insult applied to an organ such as the heart and/or brain may help to reduce damage caused by subsequent ischemic episodes. This phenomenon is known as ischemic tolerance mediated by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and represents the most powerful endogenous mechanism against ischemic injury. Various molecular pathways have been implicated in IPC, and several compounds have been proposed as activators or mediators of IPC. Recently, it has been established that the protective phenotype in response to ischemia depends on a coordinated response at the genomic, molecular, cellular and tissue levels by introducing the concept of 'genomic reprogramming' following IPC. In this article, we sought to review the genetic expression profiles found in cardiac and cerebral IPC studies, describe the differences between young and aged organs in IPC-mediated protection, and discuss the potential therapeutic application of IPC and pharmacological preconditioning based on the genomic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Wang J, Takahashi K, Piao H, Qu P, Naruse K. 9-Phenanthrol, a TRPM4 inhibitor, protects isolated rat hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70587. [PMID: 23936231 PMCID: PMC3723883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to elucidate its pathophysiology, ischemia-reperfusion injury lacks an effective preventative intervention. Because transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4) is functionally expressed by many cell types in the cardiovascular system and is involved in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, we decided to assess its suitability as a target of therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the possible cardioprotective effect of 9-phenanthrol, a specific inhibitor of TRPM4. Isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were pretreated with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution (control), 9-phenanthrol, or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, a blocker of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel) and then subjected to global ischemia followed by reperfusion with the K-H solution. To evaluate the extent of heart damage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the effluent solution was measured, and the size of infarcted area of the heart was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. In controls, cardiac contractility decreased, and LDH activity and the infarcted area size increased. In contrast, in hearts pretreated with 9-phenanthrol, contractile function recovered dramatically, and the infarcted area size significantly decreased. The cardioprotective effects of 9-phenanthrol was not completely blocked by 5-HD. These findings show that 9-phenanthrol exerts a cardioprotective effect against ischemia in the isolated rat heart and suggest that its mechanism of action is largely independent of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hulin Piao
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Qu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Keiji Naruse
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Van der Mieren G, Nevelsteen I, Vanderper A, Oosterlinck W, Flameng W, Herijgers P. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and food restriction restore delayed preconditioning in diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:36. [PMID: 23432808 PMCID: PMC3598767 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Classical and delayed preconditioning are powerful endogenous protection mechanisms against ischemia-reperfusion damage. However, it is still uncertain whether delayed preconditioning can effectively salvage myocardium in patients with co-morbidities, such as diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. We investigated delayed preconditioning in mice models of type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome and investigated interventions to optimize the preconditioning potential. Methods Hypoxic preconditioning was induced in C57Bl6-mice (WT), leptin deficient ob/ob (model for type II diabetes) and double knock-out (DKO) mice with combined leptin and LDL-receptor deficiency (model for metabolic syndrome). Twenty-four hours later, 30 min of regional ischemia was followed by 60 min reperfusion. Left ventricular contractility and infarct size were studied. The effect of 12 weeks food restriction or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) on this was investigated. Differences between groups were analyzed for statistical significance by student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by a Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. Factorial ANOVA was used to determine the interaction term between preconditioning and treatments, followed by a Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the relationship between infarct size and contractility (PRSW). A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Results Left ventricular contractility is reduced in ob/ob compared with WT and even further reduced in DKO. ACE-I improved contractility in ob/ob and DKO mice. After ischemia/reperfusion without preconditioning, infarct size was larger in DKO and ob/ob versus WT. Hypoxic preconditioning induced a strong protection in WT and a partial protection in ob/ob mice. The preconditioning potential was lost in DKO. Twelve weeks of food restriction or ACE-I restored the preconditioning potential in DKO and improved it in ob/ob. Conclusion Delayed preconditioning is restored by food restriction and ACE-I in case of type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Van der Mieren
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit Experimental Cardiac Surgery, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
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Kim CH, Hao J, Ahn HY, Kim SW. Activation of Akt/protein kinase B mediates the protective effects of mechanical stretching against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Vet Sci 2013; 13:235-44. [PMID: 23000580 PMCID: PMC3467398 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt/protein kinase B is a well-known cell survival factor and activated by many stimuli including mechanical stretching. Therefore, we evaluated the cardioprotective effect of a brief mechanical stretching of rat hearts and determined whether activation of Akt through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in stretch-induced cardioprotection (SIC). Stretch preconditioning reduced infarct size and improved post-ischemic cardiac function compared to the control group. Phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream substrate, GSK-3β, was increased by mechanical stretching and completely blocked by wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. Treatment with lithium or SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitors) before ischemia induction mimicked the protective effects of SIC on rat heart. Gadolinium (Gd3+), a blocker of stretch-activated ion channels (SACs), inhibited the stretch-induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. Furthermore, SIC was abrogated by wortmannin and Gd3+. In vivo stretching induced by an aorto-caval shunt increased Akt phosphorylation and reduced myocardial infarction; these effects were diminished by wortmannin and Gd3+ pretreatment. Our results showed that mechanical stretching can provide cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, the activation of Akt, which might be regulated by SACs and the PI3K pathway, plays an important role in SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea.
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30
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Zhong C, Fleming N, Lu X, Moore P, Liu H. Age-associated differences in gene expression in response to delayed anesthetic preconditioning. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1459-1472. [PMID: 22009153 PMCID: PMC3528372 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the protective benefits of anesthetic preconditioning (APC) are significantly attenuated in the aged myocardium. In this study, we investigated the effect of aging on gene expression in delayed APC. Hearts from Fischer 344 rats, age 4 or 24 months, were divided into five groups: control; ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); and delayed APC at 6, 12, and 24 h. Whole-genome array was studied using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. Data were analyzed for significant ≥2.0-fold changes in gene expression. Microarray results were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Of the 28,000 genes represented on the Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Microarray chip, 24 transcripts in 6 h APC, 28 in 12 h APC, and 28 in 24 h APC group displayed significant up-regulation in mRNA levels, and 70 transcripts in 6 h APC, 101 in 12 h APC, and 82 in 24 h APC displayed significant down-regulation in young rat hearts. These altered genes fall into functional categories of cell defense/death, cell structure, gene expression/protein synthesis, inflammatory response/growth/remodeling, and signaling/communication. Although alterations for some genes were in common, the numbers of changed genes in old rats were markedly and consistently lower than the young rats. Twenty-four hour delayed APC also significantly reduced infarct size and improved myocardial left ventricular function in young hearts, effects that were not observed in old rat hearts. We concluded that delayed APC profoundly and differentially affected gene expression profiles of the cardiomyocyte in an age-associated pattern. The impaired genomic response to delayed APC could underlie the loss of the protective benefits of preconditioning in aged hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Zhong
- />Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - N. Fleming
- />Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 1200, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - X. Lu
- />Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - P. Moore
- />Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 1200, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - H. Liu
- />Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 1200, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
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Duan Z, Zhang L, Liu J, Xiang X, Lin H. Early protective effect of total hypoxic preconditioning on rats against systemic injury from hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. J Surg Res 2012; 178:842-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Time course analysis of cardiac pacing-induced gene expression changes in the canine heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 372:257-66. [PMID: 23014934 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid right ventricular pacing in anesthetized dogs results in marked protection against ischemia and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias, 24 h later. We have previous evidence that this protection associates with altered expression of genes, encoding proteins involved in the delayed cardioprotection. However, the sequence of transcriptional changes occurring between the pacing stimulus and the test ischemia has not yet been elucidated. Thus, we designed studies in which the expression of 29 genes was examined by real-time PCR at various time intervals, i.e., immediately (0 h), 6, 12, and 24 h after short periods (4 times 5 min) of rapid (240 beats min(-1)) right ventricular pacing in the canine. Sham-operated dogs (the pacing electrode was introduced but the dogs were not paced) served as controls. Compared with these dogs, pacing induced an early up-regulation of genes which encode, for example, HSP90, MnSOD, ERK1, PKCε, Bcl2, and sGC; all these somehow relate to the early phase of the protection. These genes remained either up-regulated or, after a transient lower expression (around 6 h), were up-regulated again, suggesting their involvement in the delayed protection. There were also some genes which down-regulated soon after the pacing stimulus (e.g., Bax, Casp3, Casp9, MMP9, GSK3β), and showed also low expression 24 h later. Genes encoding eNOS and iNOS, as well as Cx43 were only up-regulated 12 h after pacing. We conclude that cardiac pacing induces time-dependent changes in gene expression, and the sequence of these changes is important in the development of the delayed protection.
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Uryash A, Wu H, Bassuk J, Kurlansky P, Adams JA. Preconditioning with periodic acceleration (pGz) provides second window of cardioprotection. Life Sci 2012; 91:178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Heme oxygenase-1 induction and organic nitrate therapy: beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction, nitrate tolerance, and vascular oxidative stress. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:842632. [PMID: 22506100 PMCID: PMC3312327 DOI: 10.1155/2012/842632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic nitrates are a group of very effective anti-ischemic drugs. They are used for the treatment of patients with stable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic congestive heart failure. A major therapeutic limitation inherent to organic nitrates is the development of tolerance, which occurs during chronic treatment with these agents, and this phenomenon is largely based on induction of oxidative stress with subsequent endothelial dysfunction. We therefore speculated that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) could be an efficient strategy to overcome nitrate tolerance and the associated side effects. Indeed, we found that hemin cotreatment prevented the development of nitrate tolerance and vascular oxidative stress in response to chronic nitroglycerin therapy. Vice versa, pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), a nitrate that was previously reported to be devoid of adverse side effects, displayed tolerance and oxidative stress when the HO-1 pathway was blocked pharmacologically or genetically by using HO-1+/– mice. Recently, we identified activation of Nrf2 and HuR as a principle mechanism of HO-1 induction by PETN. With the present paper, we present and discuss our recent and previous findings on the role of HO-1 for the prevention of nitroglycerin-induced nitrate tolerance and for the beneficial effects of PETN therapy.
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Grabek KR, Karimpour-Fard A, Epperson LE, Hindle A, Hunter LE, Martin SL. Multistate proteomics analysis reveals novel strategies used by a hibernator to precondition the heart and conserve ATP for winter heterothermy. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:1263-75. [PMID: 21914784 PMCID: PMC3217319 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00125.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hibernator's heart functions continuously and avoids damage across the wide temperature range of winter heterothermy. To define the molecular basis of this phenotype, we quantified proteomic changes in the 13-lined ground squirrel heart among eight distinct physiological states encompassing the hibernator's year. Unsupervised clustering revealed a prominent seasonal separation between the summer homeotherms and winter heterotherms, whereas within-season state separation was limited. Further, animals torpid in the fall were intermediate to summer and winter, consistent with the transitional nature of this phase. A seasonal analysis revealed that the relative abundances of protein spots were mainly winter-increased. The winter-elevated proteins were involved in fatty acid catabolism and protein folding, whereas the winter-depleted proteins included those that degrade branched-chain amino acids. To identify further state-dependent changes, protein spots were re-evaluated with respect to specific physiological state, confirming the predominance of seasonal differences. Additionally, chaperone and heat shock proteins increased in winter, including HSPA4, HSPB6, and HSP90AB1, which have known roles in protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury and apoptosis. The most significant and greatest fold change observed was a disappearance of phospho-cofilin 2 at low body temperature, likely a strategy to preserve ATP. The robust summer-to-winter seasonal proteomic shift implies that a winter-protected state is orchestrated before prolonged torpor ensues. Additionally, the general preservation of the proteome during winter hibernation and an increase of stress response proteins, together with dephosphorylation of cofilin 2, highlight the importance of ATP-conserving mechanisms for winter cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine R Grabek
- Human Medical Genetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Müller BAL, Dhalla NS. Mechanisms of the beneficial actions of ischemic preconditioning on subcellular remodeling in ischemic-reperfused heart. Curr Cardiol Rev 2011; 6:255-64. [PMID: 22043201 PMCID: PMC3083806 DOI: 10.2174/157340310793566118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac function is compromised by oxidative stress which occurs upon exposing the heart to ischemia reperfusion (I/R) for a prolonged period. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during I/R incur extensive damage to the myocardium and result in subcellular organelle remodeling. The cardiac nucleus, glycocalyx, myofilaments, sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcolemma, and mitochondria are affected by ROS during I/R injury. On the other hand, brief periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion, or ischemic preconditioning (IPC), have been shown to be cardioprotective against oxidative stress by attenuating the cellular damage and alterations of subcellular organelles caused by subsequent I/R injury. Endogenous defense mechanisms, such as antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins, are activated by IPC and thus prevent damage caused by oxidative stress. Although these cardioprotective effects of IPC against I/R injury are considered to be a consequence of changes in the redox state of cardiomyocytes, IPC is considered to promote the production of NO which may protect subcellular organelles from the deleterious actions of oxidative stress. The article is intended to focus on the I/R-induced oxidative damage to subcellular organelles and to highlight the cardioprotective effects of IPC. In addition, the actions of various endogenous cardioprotective interventions are discussed to illustrate that changes in the redox state due to IPC are cardioprotective against I/R injury to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- By Alison L Müller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6
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Goswami SK, Das DK. Oxygen Sensing, Cardiac Ischemia, HIF-1α and Some Emerging Concepts. Curr Cardiol Rev 2011; 6:265-73. [PMID: 22043202 PMCID: PMC3083807 DOI: 10.2174/157340310793566136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen plays a critical role in the perpetuation and propagation of almost all forms of life. The primary site of cellular oxygen consumption is the mitochondrial electron transport chain and in addition, oxygen is also used as a substrate for various enzymes involved in cellular homeostasis. Although our knowledge of the biochemistry and physiology of oxygen transport is century old, recent development of sophisticated tools of biophysical chemistry revealed that tissue oxygenation and oxygen sensing is a highly evolved process, especially in mammals. Perturbation of normal oxygen supply is associated with diseases like tumorigenesis, myocardial infarction and stroke. Available information suggests that when tissue oxygen supply is limited, mitochondria emanate signals involving reactive oxygen species generation which in turn stabilizes oxygen sensing transcription factor HIF-1. Upon stabilization, HIF-1 elicits necessary genetic response to cope with the diminished oxygen level. In view of such critical role of HIF-1 in cellular oxygen sensing, recently there has been a heightened interest in understanding the biology of HIF-1 in the context of cardiovascular system. The following review describes some of the recent advances in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal K Goswami
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, CT 06030- 1110, USA
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Tiburcy M, Didié M, Boy O, Christalla P, Döker S, Naito H, Karikkineth BC, El-Armouche A, Grimm M, Nose M, Eschenhagen T, Zieseniss A, Katschinski DM, Hamdani N, Linke WA, Yin X, Mayr M, Zimmermann WH. Terminal Differentiation, Advanced Organotypic Maturation, and Modeling of Hypertrophic Growth in Engineered Heart Tissue. Circ Res 2011; 109:1105-14. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.251843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Cardiac tissue engineering should provide “realistic” in vitro heart muscle models and surrogate tissue for myocardial repair. For either application, engineered myocardium should display features of native myocardium, including terminal differentiation, organotypic maturation, and hypertrophic growth.
Objective:
To test the hypothesis that 3D-engineered heart tissue (EHT) culture supports (1) terminal differentiation as well as (2) organotypic assembly and maturation of immature cardiomyocytes, and (3) constitutes a methodological platform to investigate mechanisms underlying hypertrophic growth.
Methods and Results:
We generated EHTs from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and compared morphological and molecular properties of EHT and native myocardium from fetal, neonatal, and adult rats. We made the following key observations: cardiomyocytes in EHT (1) gained a high level of binucleation in the absence of notable cytokinesis, (2) regained a rod-shape and anisotropic sarcomere organization, (3) demonstrated a fetal-to-adult gene expression pattern, and (4) responded to distinct hypertrophic stimuli with concentric or eccentric hypertrophy and reexpression of fetal genes. The process of terminal differentiation and maturation (culture days 7–12) was preceded by a tissue consolidation phase (culture days 0–7) with substantial cardiomyocyte apoptosis and dynamic extracellular matrix restructuring.
Conclusions:
This study documents the propensity of immature cardiomyocytes to terminally differentiate and mature in EHT in a remarkably organotypic manner. It moreover provides the rationale for the utility of the EHT technology as a methodological bridge between 2D cell culture and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Tiburcy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Michael Didié
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Oliver Boy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Peter Christalla
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Stephan Döker
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Hiroshi Naito
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Bijoy Chandapillai Karikkineth
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Michael Grimm
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Monika Nose
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Anke Zieseniss
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Doerthe M. Katschinski
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Wolfgang A. Linke
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
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Oh S, Kwon D, Lee E. Cytoprotective activity of elevated static pressure against oxidative stress in normal human fibroblasts. Mol Cell Toxicol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-011-0038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Vogt S, Portig I, Irqsusi M, Ruppert V, Weber P, Ramzan R. Heat shock protein expression and change of cytochrome c oxidase activity: presence of two phylogenic old systems to protect tissues in ischemia and reperfusion. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:425-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Azad P, Ryu J, Haddad GG. Distinct role of Hsp70 in Drosophila hemocytes during severe hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:530-8. [PMID: 21616137 PMCID: PMC3138732 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe hypoxia can lead to injury and mortality in vertebrate or invertebrate organisms. Our research is focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to injury or adaptation to hypoxic stress using Drosophila as a model system. In this study, we employed the UAS-Gal4 system to dissect the protective role of Hsp70 in specific tissues in vivo under severe hypoxia. In contrast to overexpression in tissues such as muscles, heart, and brain, we found that overexpression of Hsp70 in hemocytes of flies provides a remarkable survival benefit to flies exposed to severe hypoxia for days. Furthermore, these flies were tolerant not only to severe hypoxia but also to other stresses such as oxidant stress (e.g., paraquat feeding or hyperoxia). Interestingly we observed that the better survival with Hsp70 overexpression in hemocytes under hypoxia or oxidant stress is causally linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction in whole flies. We also show that hemocytes are a major source of ROS generation, leading to injury during hypoxia, and their elimination results in a better survival under hypoxia. Hence, our study identified a protective role for Hsp70 in Drosophila hemocytes, which is linked to ROS reduction in the whole flies and thus helps in their remarkable survival during oxidant or hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Azad
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Respiratory Medicine), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julie Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Respiratory Medicine), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- The Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Respiratory Medicine), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- The Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Gabriel G. Haddad, MD, Departments of Pediatrics (Section of Respiratory Medicine), 9500 Gilman Dr MC0735, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, Phone: +1-858-822-4740, Fax- 1- 858-534-6972,
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Hu X, Wei L, Taylor TM, Wei J, Zhou X, Wang JA, Yu SP. Hypoxic preconditioning enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell migration via Kv2.1 channel and FAK activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C362-72. [PMID: 21562308 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00013.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation using stem cells including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is emerging as a potential regenerative therapy after ischemic attacks in the heart and brain. The migration capability of transplanted cells is a critical cellular function for tissue repair. Based on our recent observations that hypoxic preconditioning (HP) has multiple benefits in improving stem cell therapy and that the potassium Kv2.1 channel acts as a promoter for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation and cell motility, the present investigation tested the hypothesis that HP treatment can increase BMSC migration via the mechanism of increased Kv2.1 expression and FAK activities. BMSCs derived from green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice were treated under either normoxic (N-BMSC) or hypoxic (0.5% O(2)) (HP-BMSC) conditions for 24 h. Western blot analysis showed HP selectively upregulated Kv2.1 expression while leaving other K(+) channels, such as Kv1.5 and Kv1.4, unaffected. Compared with normoxic controls, significantly larger outward delayed rectifier K(+) currents were recorded in HP-BMSCs. HP enhanced BMSC migration/homing activities in vitro and after intravenous transplantation into rats subjected to permanent myocardial infarction (MI). The HP-promoted BMSC migration was inhibited by either blocking K(+) channels or knocking down Kv2.1. Supporting a relationship among HP, Kv2.1, and FAK activation, HP increased phosphorylation of FAK(397) and FAK(576/577), and this effect was antagonized by blocking K(+) channels. These findings provide novel evidence that HP enhances the ability of BMSCs to migrate and home to the injured region; this effect is mediated through a regulatory role of Kv2.1 on FAK phosphorylation/activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Carnicelli V, Frascarelli S, Zucchi R. Effect of acute and chronic zofenopril administration on cardiac gene expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 352:301-7. [PMID: 21394524 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether acute and chronic administration of zofenopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, may modulate the expression of genes which are involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and heart failure. We used an acute and a chronic model. In the former isolated rat hearts were perfused for 120 min in the presence or in the absence of 10 μM zofenoprilat, the active metabolite of zofenopril. In the chronic model one group of rats was treated with zofenopril (15.2 mg/Kg die per os) for 15 days, while control rats were treated with the same diet, except that zofenopril was omitted. Total RNA was extracted from hearts, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of α myosin heavy chain, superoxide dismutase, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), nitric oxide synthase 2 and 3 (NOS2, NOS3), heme oxygenase 1, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), muscle phosphofructokinase. Acute or chronic zofenopril administration did not produce any change in hemodynamic variables. qRT-PCR experiments showed that in the acute model ANP expression was slightly although not significantly increased. In the chronic model, significant changes in gene expression were detected: in particular, HSP70 was upregulated (1.06 ± 0.38 vs. 0.72 ± 0.20 arbitrary units, P = 0.025), while NOS3 was downregulated (0.66 ± 0.06 vs. 0.83 ± 0.18 arbitrary units, P = 0.007). In the chronic model, liver samples were also assayed, but no significant change in the expression of any gene was detected. We conclude that zofenopril can produce heart-specific effects on gene expression. Persistent changes were detected with regard to specific heat shock protein and nitric oxide synthase subtypes. This action might contribute to the therapeutical response, and particularly to the increased resistance to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Carnicelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, Unità di Biochimica Medica, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Kovács M, Papp R, Varga-Orvos Z, Ménesi D, Puskás LG, Végh A. Changes in gene expression following cardiac pacing-induced delayed cardioprotection in the canine heart. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2010; 61:434-48. [PMID: 21112835 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2010.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify gene expression changes in the rapid cardiac pacing-induced delayed antiarrhythmic protection in the canine, using cDNA microarrays and quantitative real-time PCR (QRT -PCR) techniques. In all dogs under light pentobarbitone anaesthesia, a pacing electrode was introduced into the right ventricle, and then the animals were divided into three groups: (1) sham-operated and sham-paced group (SP, n = 3) (2) ischaemic control group (IC; n = 3); these were without cardiac pacing and subjected only to a 25 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and (3) paced group (PC, n = 3); these animals were paced at a rate of 220-240 beats min-1 24 h prior to ischaemia. With cDNA chip 23 genes were found with altered expression in response to rapid cardiac pacing and 10 genes in the IC group when compared to SP dogs. These genes encode transcription factors (MEF2); members of signaling pathways (TGFβ2, PDE4D9), hormone related proteins (e.g. vasopressin V1 and V2 receptors). RT-QPCR was used either to confirm the results of the microarray analysis and also to study 46 genes which are already known to have a role in the late phase of PC. By this method 17 genes were up-regulated and 6 genes down-regulated in the IC group; their expression ratios changed either to the opposite or showed no alteration after cardiac pacing. This study would add some new information about those transcriptional changes that are involved in the delayed phase of cardiac protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Kovács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Yu M, Wen N, Wenzhong Z, Yuanchang X, Xiaoming D, Yongjin L. Effect of repeated ischaemic preconditioning on TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model. Arch Med Sci 2010; 6:843-7. [PMID: 22427755 PMCID: PMC3302693 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2010.19289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of TLR4 in ischaemic preconditioning is still unclear; we do not know the change of the expression of TLR4 in the process. In this study, we used ischaemic preconditioning models to observe the change of TLR4 expression and the level of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β to investigate the protective mechanism of TLR4 in ischaemic preconditioning for myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly separated into sham, ischaemic reperfusion (IR) and ischaemic preconditioning (IP) groups (6/group). Peripheral blood and cardiac muscle with pathological changes were collected after the establishment of the above three animal models. We used ELISA to determine proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β production in serum of these animals. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to assay the transcriptional level and protein level of TLR4 in cardiac muscle tissue with pathological changes, respectively. RESULTS We found that compared with the IR group, ischaemic preconditioning could effectively reduce the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in sera of rats in the IP group (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, TLR4 mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). We also found that infarct size decreased in the IP group compared with the IR group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, we can conclude that the specific mechanism of ischaemic preconditioning for RI might be closely associated with decreasing expression levels of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Wen
- Department of Anesthesia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Wenzhong
- Department of Anesthesia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Yuanchang
- Department of Anesthesia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Xiaoming
- Department of Anesthesia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Yongjin
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhu XH, Yuan HJ, Wu YN, Kang Y, Jiao JJ, Gao WZ, Liu YX, Lou JS, Xia Z. Non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning reduces oxidative stress and attenuates myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Free Radic Res 2010; 45:201-10. [PMID: 20942563 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.522576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was to explore whether repeated non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning (NLIP) can confer an equivalent cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in acute diabetic rats to the extent of conventional myocardial ischemic pre-conditioning (MIP) and whether or not the delayed protection of NLIP is mediated by reducing myocardial oxidative stress after ischemia-reperfusion. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomized to four groups: Sham group, the I/R group, the MIP group and the NLIP group. Compared with the I/R group, both the NLIP and MIP groups showed an amelioration of ventricular arrhythmia, reduced myocardial infarct size, increased activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese-SOD and glutathione peroxidase, increased expression of manganese-SOD mRNA and decreased xanthine oxidase activity and malondialdehyde concentration (All p < 0.05 vs I/R group). It is concluded that non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning reduces oxidative stress and attenuates myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
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48
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Ding B, Gibbs PEM, Brookes PS, Maines MD. The coordinated increased expression of biliverdin reductase and heme oxygenase-2 promotes cardiomyocyte survival: a reductase-based peptide counters β-adrenergic receptor ligand-mediated cardiac dysfunction. FASEB J 2010; 25:301-13. [PMID: 20876213 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-166454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HO-2 oxidizes heme to CO and biliverdin; the latter is reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase (BVR). In addition, HO-2 is a redox-sensitive K/Ca(2)-associated protein, and BVR is an S/T/Y kinase. The two enzymes are components of cellular defense mechanisms. This is the first reporting of regulation of HO-2 by BVR and that their coordinated increase in isolated myocytes and intact heart protects against cardiotoxicity of β-adrenergic receptor activation by isoproterenol (ISO). The induction of BVR mRNA, protein, and activity and HO-2 protein was maintained for ≥ 96 h; increase in HO-1 was modest and transient. In isolated cardiomyocytes, experiments with cycloheximide, proteasome inhibitor MG-132, and siBVR suggested BVR-mediated stabilization of HO-2. In both models, activation of BVR offered protection against the ligand's stimulation of apoptosis. Two human BVR-based peptides known to inhibit and activate the reductase, KKRILHC(281) and KYCCSRK(296), respectively, were tested in the intact heart. Perfusion of the heart with the inhibitory peptide blocked ISO-mediated BVR activation and augmented apoptosis; conversely, perfusion with the activating peptide inhibited apoptosis. At the functional level, peptide-mediated inhibition of BVR was accompanied by dysfunction of the left ventricle and decrease in HO-2 protein levels. Perfusion of the organ with the activating peptide preserved the left ventricular contractile function and was accompanied by increased levels of HO-2 protein. Finding that BVR and HO-2 levels, myocyte apoptosis, and contractile function of the heart can be modulated by small human BVR-based peptides offers a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of cardiac dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ding
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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49
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Esteva S, Pedret R, Fort N, Torrella JR, Pagès T, Viscor G. Oxidative stress status in rats after intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Wilderness Environ Med 2010; 21:325-31. [PMID: 21168785 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Programs of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) exposure are used to raise hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte mass. Although acclimation response increases blood oxygen transport capacity leading to a VO(2max) increase, the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) might determine the behavior of erythrocytes and plasma, thus causing a worse peripheral blood flow. The goals of the study were to establish the hematological changes and to discern whether an IHH protocol modifies the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance in laboratory rats. METHODS Male rats were subjected to an IHH program consisting of a daily 4-hour session for 5 days/week until completing 22 days of hypoxia exposure in a hypobaric chamber at a simulated altitude of 5000 m. Blood samples were taken at the end of the exposure period (H) and at 20 (P20) and 40 (P40) days after the end of the program, and compared to control (C), maintained at sea-level pressure. Hematological parameters were measured together with several oxidative stress indicators: plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). RESULTS Red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were higher in H group as compared to all the other groups (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the 4 groups in any of the oxidative stress-related parameters. CONCLUSIONS The absence of significant differences between groups indicates that our IHH program has little impact on the general redox status, even in the laboratory rat, which is more sensitive to hypoxia than humans. We conclude that IHH does not increase oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Esteva
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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A pore way to die: the role of mitochondria in reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Biochem Soc Trans 2010; 38:841-60. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0380841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their normal physiological role in ATP production and metabolism, mitochondria exhibit a dark side mediated by the opening of a non-specific pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) causes the mitochondria to breakdown rather than synthesize ATP and, if unrestrained, leads to necrotic cell death. The MPTP is opened in response to Ca2+ overload, especially when accompanied by oxidative stress, elevated phosphate concentration and adenine nucleotide depletion. These conditions are experienced by the heart and brain subjected to reperfusion after a period of ischaemia as may occur during treatment of a myocardial infarction or stroke and during heart surgery. In the present article, I review the properties, regulation and molecular composition of the MPTP. The evidence for the roles of CyP-D (cyclophilin D), the adenine nucleotide translocase and the phosphate carrier are summarized and other potential interactions with outer mitochondrial membrane proteins are discussed. I then review the evidence that MPTP opening mediates cardiac reperfusion injury and that MPTP inhibition is cardioprotective. Inhibition may involve direct pharmacological targeting of the MPTP, such as with cyclosporin A that binds to CyP-D, or indirect inhibition of MPTP opening such as with preconditioning protocols. These invoke complex signalling pathways to reduce oxidative stress and Ca2+ load. MPTP inhibition also protects against congestive heart failure in hypertensive animal models. Thus the MPTP is a very promising pharmacological target for clinical practice, especially once more specific drugs are developed.
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