1
|
Schnieder M, Chebbok M, Didié M, Wolf F, Badr M, Allam I, Bähr M, Hasenfuß G, Liman J, Schroeter MR. Comparing the diagnostic value of Echocardiography In Stroke (CEIS) - results of a prospective observatory cohort study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:118. [PMID: 33731046 PMCID: PMC7968180 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echocardiography is one of the main diagnostic tools for the diagnostic workup of stroke and is already well integrated into the clinical workup. However, the value of transthoracic vs. transesophageal echocardiography (TTE/TEE) in stroke patients is still a matter of debate. Aim of this study was to characterize relevant findings of TTE and TEE in the management of stroke patients and to correlate them with subsequent clinical decisions and therapies. Methods We evaluated n = 107 patients admitted with an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack to our stroke unit of our university medical center. They underwent TTE and TEE examination by different blinded investigators. Results Major cardiac risk factors were found in 8 of 98 (8.2%) patients and minor cardiac risk factors for stroke were found in 108 cases. We found a change in therapeutic regime after TTE or TEE in 22 (22.5%) cases, in 5 (5%) cases TEE leads to the change of therapeutic regime, in 4 (4%) TTE and in 13 cases (13.3%) TTE and TEE lead to the same change in therapeutic regime. The major therapy change was the indication to close a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in 9 (9.2%) patients with TTE and in 10 (10.2%) patients with TEE (p = 1.000). Conclusion Major finding with clinical impact on therapy change is the detection of PFO. But for the detection of PFO, TTE is non inferior to TEE, implicating that TTE serves as a good screening tool for detection of PFO, especially in young age patients. Trial registration The trial was registered and approved prior to inclusion by our local ethics committee (1/3/17).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Schnieder
- Department for Cardiology & Pneumology/Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Mohammed Chebbok
- Department for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Department for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frieder Wolf
- Department for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mostafa Badr
- Department for Cardiology & Pneumology/Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Allam
- Department for Cardiology & Pneumology/Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department for Cardiology & Pneumology/Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Department for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Liman
- Department for Cardiology & Pneumology/Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Robin Schroeter
- Department for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Volland C, Schott P, Didié M, Männer J, Unsöld B, Toischer K, Schmidt C, Urlaub H, Nickels K, Knöll R, Schmidt A, Guan K, Hasenfuß G, Seidler T. Control of p21Cip by BRCA1-associated protein is critical for cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and survival. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:592-604. [PMID: 31286143 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Identifying the key components in cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation is of relevance for the understanding of cardiac development and adaptive and maladaptive processes in the adult myocardium. BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP) has been suggested as a cytoplasmic retention factor for several proteins including Cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p21Cip. We observed profound expressional changes of BRAP in early postnatal myocardium and investigated the impact of BRAP on cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS General knockout of Brap in mice evoked embryonic lethality associated with reduced myocardial wall thickness and lethal cardiac congestion suggesting a prominent role for BRAP in cardiomyocyte proliferation. αMHC-Cre driven cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of Brap also evoked lethal cardiac failure shortly after birth. Likewise, conditional cardiomyocyte-specific Brap deletion using tamoxifen-induced knockout in adult mice resulted in marked ventricular dilatation and heart failure 3 weeks after induction. Several lines of evidence suggest that Brap deletion evoked marked inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. In cardiomyocytes with proliferative capacity, this causes developmental arrest, whereas in adult hearts loss of BRAP-induced apoptosis. This is explained by altered signalling through p21Cip which we identify as the link between BRAP and cell cycle/apoptosis. BRAP deletion enhanced p21Cip expression, while BRAP overexpression in cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mice impeded p21Cip expression. That was paralleled by enhanced nuclear Ki-67 expression and DNA synthesis. CONCLUSION By controlling p21Cip activity BRAP expression controls cell cycle activity and prevents developmental arrest in developing cardiomyocytes and apoptosis in adult cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Volland
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schott
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Männer
- Group Cardio-Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Embryology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Unsöld
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carla Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Nickels
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Molecular Genetics, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Molecular Genetics, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Seidler
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gröschel C, Sasse A, Monecke S, Röhrborn C, Elsner L, Didié M, Reupke V, Bunt G, Lichtman AH, Toischer K, Zimmermann WH, Hasenfuß G, Dressel R. CD8 +-T Cells With Specificity for a Model Antigen in Cardiomyocytes Can Become Activated After Transverse Aortic Constriction but Do Not Accelerate Progression to Heart Failure. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2665. [PMID: 30498501 PMCID: PMC6249381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure due to pressure overload is frequently associated with inflammation. In addition to inflammatory responses of the innate immune system, autoimmune reactions of the adaptive immune system appear to be triggered in subgroups of patients with heart failure as demonstrated by the presence of autoantibodies against myocardial antigens. Moreover, T cell-deficient and T cell-depleted mice have been reported to be protected from heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and we have shown recently that CD4+-helper T cells with specificity for an antigen in cardiomyocytes accelerate TAC-induced heart failure. In this study, we set out to investigate the potential contribution of CD8+-cytotoxic T cells with specificity to a model antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) in cardiomyocytes to pressure overload-induced heart failure. In 78% of cMy-mOVA mice with cardiomyocyte-specific OVA expression, a low-grade OVA-specific cellular cytotoxicity was detected after TAC. Adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD8+-T cells from T cell receptor transgenic OT-I mice before TAC did not increase the risk of OVA-specific autoimmunity in cMy-mOVA mice. After TAC, again 78% of the mice displayed an OVA-specific cytotoxicity with on average only a three-fold higher killing of OVA-expressing target cells. More CD8+ cells were present after TAC in the myocardium of cMy-mOVA mice with OT-I T cells (on average 17.5/mm2) than in mice that did not receive OVA-specific CD8+-T cells (3.6/mm2). However, the extent of fibrosis was similar in both groups. Functionally, as determined by echocardiography, the adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD8+-T cells did not significantly accelerate the progression from hypertrophy to heart failure in cMy-mOVA mice. These findings argue therefore against a major impact of cytotoxic T cells with specificity for autoantigens of cardiomyocytes in pressure overload-induced heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Gröschel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Sasse
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Monecke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Röhrborn
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leslie Elsner
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Reupke
- Central Animal Facility, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gertrude Bunt
- Clinical Optical Microscopy, Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karl Toischer
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohamed BA, Hartmann N, Tirilomis P, Sekeres K, Li W, Neef S, Richter C, Zeisberg EM, Kattner L, Didié M, Guan K, Schmitto JD, Lehnart SE, Luther S, Voigt N, Seidler T, Sossalla S, Hasenfuss G, Toischer K. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium leak contributes to arrhythmia but not to heart failure progression. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/458/eaan0724. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak via the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) has been suggested to play a mechanistic role in the development of heart failure (HF) and cardiac arrhythmia. Mice treated with a selective RyR2 stabilizer, rycal S36, showed normalization of SR Ca2+ leak and improved survival in pressure overload (PO) and myocardial infarction (MI) models. The development of HF, measured by echocardiography and molecular markers, showed no difference in rycal S36– versus placebo-treated mice. Reduction of SR Ca2+ leak in the PO model by the rycal-unrelated RyR2 stabilizer dantrolene did not mitigate HF progression. Development of HF was not aggravated by increased SR Ca2+ leak due to RyR2 mutation (R2474S) in volume overload, an SR Ca2+ leak–independent HF model. Arrhythmia episodes were reduced by rycal S36 treatment in PO and MI mice in vivo and ex vivo in Langendorff-perfused hearts. Isolated cardiomyocytes from murine failing hearts and human ventricular failing and atrial nonfailing myocardium showed reductions in delayed afterdepolarizations, in spontaneous and induced Ca2+ waves, and in triggered activity in rycal S36 versus placebo cells, whereas the Ca2+ transient, SR Ca2+ load, SR Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase function, and action potential duration were not affected. Rycal S36 treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cells isolated from a patient with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia could rescue the leaky RyR2 receptor. These results suggest that SR Ca2+ leak does not primarily influence contractile HF progression, whereas rycal S36 treatment markedly reduces ventricular arrhythmias, thereby improving survival in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belal A. Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City 35516, Egypt
| | - Nico Hartmann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petros Tirilomis
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karolina Sekeres
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wener Li
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Neef
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Richter
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group Biomedical Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M. Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Kattner
- Endotherm Life Science Molecules, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan D. Schmitto
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan E. Lehnart
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- BioMET, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stefan Luther
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group Biomedical Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Seidler
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gröschel C, Sasse A, Röhrborn C, Monecke S, Didié M, Elsner L, Kruse V, Bunt G, Lichtman AH, Toischer K, Zimmermann WH, Hasenfuß G, Dressel R. T helper cells with specificity for an antigen in cardiomyocytes promote pressure overload-induced progression from hypertrophy to heart failure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15998. [PMID: 29167489 PMCID: PMC5700082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether CD4+-T cells with specificity for an antigen in cardiomyocytes promote the progression from hypertrophy to heart failure in mice with increased pressure load due to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). OT-II mice expressing a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) with specificity for ovalbumin (OVA) on CD4+-T cells and cMy-mOVA mice expressing OVA on cardiomyocytes were crossed. The resulting cMy-mOVA-OT-II mice did not display signs of spontaneous autoimmunity despite the fact that their OVA-specific CD4+-T cells were not anergic. After TAC, progression to heart failure was significantly accelerated in cMy-mOVA-OT-II compared to cMy-mOVA mice. No OVA-specific antibodies were induced in response to TAC in cMy-mOVA-OT-II mice, yet more CD3+ T cells infiltrated their myocardium when compared with TAC-operated cMy-mOVA mice. Systemically, the proportion of activated CD4+-T cells with a Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile was increased in cMy-mOVA-OT-II mice after TAC. Thus, T helper cells with specificity for an antigen in cardiomyocytes can directly promote the progression of heart failure in response to pressure overload independently of autoantibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Gröschel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Sasse
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Röhrborn
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Monecke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leslie Elsner
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Kruse
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gertrude Bunt
- Clinical Optical Microscopy, Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl Toischer
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Didié M, Galla S, Muppala V, Dressel R, Zimmermann WH. Immunological Properties of Murine Parthenogenetic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Engineered Heart Muscle. Front Immunol 2017; 8:955. [PMID: 28855904 PMCID: PMC5557729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent parthenogenetic stem cells (pSCs) can be derived by pharmacological activation of unfertilized oocytes. Homozygosity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in pSCs makes them an attractive cell source for applications in allogeneic tissue repair. This was recently demonstrated for pSC-based tissue-engineered heart repair. A detailed analysis of immunological properties of pSC-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart muscle (EHM) thereof is, however, lacking. The aim of this study was to determine baseline and cytokine-inducible MHC class I and MHC class II as well as programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) and co-stimulatory protein (CD40, CD80, CD86) expression in pSC-derived cardiomyocytes and pSC-EHM in vitro and in vivo. Cardiomyocytes from an MHC-homologous (H2d/d) pSC-line were enriched to ~90% by making use of a recently developed cardiomyocyte-specific genetic selection protocol. MHC class I and MHC class II expression in cardiomyocytes could only be observed after stimulation with interferon gamma (IFN-γ). PDL-1 was markedly upregulated under IFN-γ. CD40, CD80, and CD86 were expressed at low levels and not upregulated by IFN-γ. EHM constructed from H2d/d cardiomyocytes expressed similarly low levels of MHC class I, MHC class II, and costimulatory molecules under basal conditions. However, in EHM only MHC class I, but not MHC class II, molecules were upregulated after IFN-γ-stimulation. We next employed a cocultivation system with MHC-matched and MHC-mismatched splenocytes and T-cells to analyze the immune stimulatory properties of EHMs. Despite MHC-mismatched conditions, EHM did not induce splenocyte or T-cell proliferation in vitro. To evaluate the immunogenicity of pSC-derived cardiomyocytes in vivo, we implanted pSC-derived embryoid bodies after elimination of non-cardiomyocytes (cardiac bodies) under the kidney capsules of MHC-matched and -mismatched mice. Spontaneous beating of cardiac bodies could be observed for 28 days in the matched and for 7 days in the mismatched conditions. Teratomas formed after 28 days only in the MHC-matched conditions. Immunohistochemistry revealed single clusters of CD3-positive cells in the border zone of the implant in the mismatched conditions with few CD3-positive cells infiltrating the implant. Taken together, MHC-matched pSC-cardiomyocyte allografts show little immune cell activation, offering an explanation for the observed long-term retention of pSC-EHM allografts in the absence of immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Satish Galla
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vijayakumar Muppala
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johannsen H, Muppala V, Gröschel C, Monecke S, Elsner L, Didié M, Zimmermann WH, Dressel R. Immunological Properties of Murine Parthenogenetic Stem Cells and Their Differentiation Products. Front Immunol 2017; 8:924. [PMID: 28824647 PMCID: PMC5543037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The perspective to transplant grafts derived from pluripotent stem cells has gained much attention in recent years. Parthenogenetic stem cells (PSCs) are an alternative pluripotent stem cell type that is attractive as source of grafts for allogeneic transplantations because most PSCs are haploidentical for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This reduced immunogenetic complexity of PSCs could tremendously simplify the search for MHC-matched allogeneic stem cells. In this study, we have characterized immunological properties of the MHC haploidentical PSC line A3 (H2d/d) and the heterologous PSC line A6 (H2b/d). Both PSC lines largely lack MHC class I molecules, which present peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and serve as ligands for inhibitory natural killer (NK) receptors. They express ligands for activating NK receptors, including the NKG2D ligand RAE-1, and the DNAM-1 ligands CD112 and CD155. Consequently, both PSC lines are highly susceptible to killing by IL-2-activated NK cells. In vitro-differentiated cells acquire resistance and downregulate ligands for activating NK receptors but fail to upregulate MHC class I molecules. The PSC line A6 and differentiated A6 cells are largely resistant to CTLs derived from T cell receptor transgenic OT-I mice after pulsing of the targets with the appropriate peptide. The high susceptibility to killing by activated NK cells may constitute a general feature of pluripotent stem cells as it has been also found with other pluripotent stem cell types. This activity potentially increases the safety of transplantations, if grafts contain traces of undifferentiated cells that could be tumorigenic in the recipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Johannsen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vijayakumar Muppala
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carina Gröschel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Monecke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leslie Elsner
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brandenburg S, Kohl T, Williams GSB, Gusev K, Wagner E, Rog-Zielinska EA, Hebisch E, Dura M, Didié M, Gotthardt M, Nikolaev VO, Hasenfuss G, Kohl P, Ward CW, Lederer WJ, Lehnart SE. Axial tubule junctions control rapid calcium signaling in atria. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3999-4015. [PMID: 27643434 DOI: 10.1172/jci88241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical atrial myocyte (AM) is characterized by sparse transverse tubule (TT) invaginations and slow intracellular Ca2+ propagation but exhibits rapid contractile activation that is susceptible to loss of function during hypertrophic remodeling. Here, we have identified a membrane structure and Ca2+-signaling complex that may enhance the speed of atrial contraction independently of phospholamban regulation. This axial couplon was observed in human and mouse atria and is composed of voluminous axial tubules (ATs) with extensive junctions to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that include ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) clusters. In mouse AM, AT structures triggered Ca2+ release from the SR approximately 2 times faster at the AM center than at the surface. Rapid Ca2+ release correlated with colocalization of highly phosphorylated RyR2 clusters at AT-SR junctions and earlier, more rapid shortening of central sarcomeres. In contrast, mice expressing phosphorylation-incompetent RyR2 displayed depressed AM sarcomere shortening and reduced in vivo atrial contractile function. Moreover, left atrial hypertrophy led to AT proliferation, with a marked increase in the highly phosphorylated RyR2-pS2808 cluster fraction, thereby maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ signaling despite decreases in RyR2 cluster density and RyR2 protein expression. AT couplon "super-hubs" thus underlie faster excitation-contraction coupling in health as well as hypertrophic compensatory adaptation and represent a structural and metabolic mechanism that may contribute to contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias.
Collapse
|
9
|
Montes-Cobos E, Li X, Fischer HJ, Sasse A, Kügler S, Didié M, Toischer K, Fassnacht M, Dressel R, Reichardt HM. Inducible Knock-Down of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Mice Disturbs Regulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Attenuates Heart Failure Induced by Pressure Overload. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143954. [PMID: 26605921 PMCID: PMC4659617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) inactivation in mice results in early postnatal lethality. Therefore we generated mice in which MR expression can be silenced during adulthood by administration of doxycycline (Dox). Using a lentiviral approach, we obtained two lines of transgenic mice harboring a construct that allows for regulatable MR inactivation by RNAi and concomitant expression of eGFP. MR mRNA levels in heart and kidney of inducible MR knock-down mice were unaltered in the absence of Dox, confirming the tightness of the system. In contrast, two weeks after Dox administration MR expression was significantly diminished in a variety of tissues. In the kidney, this resulted in lower mRNA levels of selected target genes, which was accompanied by strongly increased serum aldosterone and plasma renin levels as well as by elevated sodium excretion. In the healthy heart, gene expression and the amount of collagen were unchanged despite MR levels being significantly reduced. After transverse aortic constriction, however, cardiac hypertrophy and progressive heart failure were attenuated by MR silencing, fibrosis was unaffected and mRNA levels of a subset of genes reduced. Taken together, we believe that this mouse model is a useful tool to investigate the role of the MR in pathophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Montes-Cobos
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrike J. Fischer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Sasse
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Partner site Göttingen, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Partner site Göttingen, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Partner site Göttingen, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger M. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang T, Rubart M, Soonpaa MH, Didié M, Christalla P, Zimmermann WH, Field LJ. Cardiac engraftment of genetically-selected parthenogenetic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131511. [PMID: 26110646 PMCID: PMC4482509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenogenetic stem cells (PSCs) are a promising candidate donor for cell therapy applications. Similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), PSCs exhibit self-renewing capacity and clonogenic proliferation in vitro. PSCs exhibit largely haploidentical genotype, and as such may constitute an attractive population for allogenic applications. In this study, PSCs isolated from transgenic mice carrying a cardiomyocyte-restricted reporter transgene to permit tracking of donor cells were genetically modified to carry a cardiomyocyte-restricted aminoglycoside phosphotransferase expression cassette (MHC-neor/pGK-hygror) to permit the generation of highly enriched cardiomyocyte cultures from spontaneously differentiating PSCs by simple selection with the neomycin analogue G148. Following engraftment into isogenic recipient hearts, the selected cardiomyocytes formed a functional syncytium with the host myocardium as evidenced by the presence of entrained intracellular calcium transients. These cells thus constitute a potential source of therapeutic donor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Rubart
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mark H. Soonpaa
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Christalla
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Loren J. Field
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Unsöld B, Teucher N, Didié M, Sossalla S, Jacobshagen C, Seidler T, Schillinger W, Hasenfuß G. Negative Hemodynamic Effects of Pantoprazole at High Infusion Rates in Mice. Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 33:20-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Unsöld
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II; University Hospital Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Nils Teucher
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Claudius Jacobshagen
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Tim Seidler
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schillinger
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Unsöld B, Bremen E, Didié M, Hasenfuss G, Schäfer K. Differential PI3K signal transduction in obesity-associated cardiac hypertrophy and response to ischemia. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:90-9. [PMID: 25175008 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated insulin and inflammatory cytokine levels in obesity may chronically activate signaling pathways regulating cardiac growth and contractility. Our aim was to examine the effect of obesity on cardiac PI3K isoform and Akt activation during left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and heart failure. METHODS Wild-type mice were fed normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 2, 4, or 6 months. A subset of mice was subjected to chronic myocardial ischemia (MI). RESULTS Echocardiography revealed a progressive increase in LV mass, wall thickness, and diameters in obese mice. Systolic pump function was not impaired. Increased cardiac levels of PI3Kγ, phosphorylated Akt, GSK3β, and Epac were observed after HFD for 2 months but gradually declined and were normal or reduced after 6 months, paralleled by elevated PP2A and SOCS3 levels. MI resulted in heart failure, independent of obesity, but compensatory LV hypertrophy was absent in obese mice. Histochemical analyses revealed similar increases in cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in lean and obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that activation of Akt initially contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and that chronic metabolic and inflammatory stimulation and overexpression of inhibitory mediators decrease PI3Kγ-mediated Akt signaling and blunt compensatory hypertrophy after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Unsöld
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center of the Georg August University of Goettingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Didié M, Zimmermann WH. Ultrasound techniques for the detection of tumors and metastases in small animals. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1070:181-90. [PMID: 24092440 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8244-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Small animals are widely used for the identification of new therapeutic targets and the evaluation of potential anticancer therapies. To study tumors and metastasis in longitudinal studies of tumor progression, fast noninvasive and easy-to-handle imaging modalities are required. Here, techniques for the analysis of tumors and metastases by ultrasound imaging are described and the potential technical pitfalls are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Didié
- Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salamon J, Wicklein D, Didié M, Lange C, Schumacher U, Adam G, Peldschus K. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Single Co-Labeled Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Intracardial Injection in Mice. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014; 186:367-76. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Salamon
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - D. Wicklein
- Institute of Anatomy II: Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - M. Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Goettingen
| | - C. Lange
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - U. Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy II: Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - G. Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - K. Peldschus
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Biermann D, Bernhardt A, Neef S, Broichhausen I, Jacubeit J, Didié M, Zimmermann WH, Sachweh J, Reichenspurner H, El-Armouche A, Ehmke H, Schwoerer A. Enhanced Ca2+ influx through cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels maintains the systolic Ca2+ transient in early cardiac atrophy induced by mechanical unloading. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Leifheit-Nestler M, Wagner NM, Gogiraju R, Didié M, Konstantinides S, Hasenfuss G, Schäfer K. Importance of leptin signaling and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 activation in mediating the cardiac hypertrophy associated with obesity. J Transl Med 2013; 11:170. [PMID: 23841921 PMCID: PMC3717024 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The adipokine leptin and its receptor are expressed in the heart, and leptin has been shown to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Obesity is associated with hyperleptinemia and hypothalamic leptin resistance as well as an increased risk to develop cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the role of cardiac leptin signaling in mediating the cardiomyopathy associated with increased body weight is unclear, in particular, whether it develops subsequently to cardiac leptin resistance or overactivation of hypertrophic signaling pathways via elevated leptin levels. Methods The cardiac phenotype of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese wildtype (WT) mice was examined and compared to age-matched genetically obese leptin receptor (LepR)-deficient (LepRdb/db) or lean WT mice. To study the role of leptin-mediated STAT3 activation during obesity-induced cardiac remodeling, mice in which tyrosine residue 1138 within LepR had been replaced with a serine (LepRS1138) were also analyzed. Results Obesity was associated with hyperleptinemia and elevated cardiac leptin expression in both diet-induced and genetically obese mice. Enhanced LepR and STAT3 phosphorylation levels were detected in hearts of obese WT mice, but not in those with LepR mutations. Moreover, exogenous leptin continued to induce cardiac STAT3 activation in diet-induced obese mice. Although echocardiography revealed signs of cardiac hypertrophy in all obese mice, the increase in left ventricular (LV) mass and diameter was significantly more pronounced in LepRS1138 animals. LepRS1138 mice also exhibited an increased activation of signaling proteins downstream of LepR, including Jak2 (1.8-fold), Src kinase (1.7-fold), protein kinase B (1.3-fold) or C (1.6-fold). Histological analysis of hearts revealed that the inability of leptin to activate STAT3 in LepRdb/db and LepRS1138 mice was associated with reduced cardiac angiogenesis as well as increased apoptosis and fibrosis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that hearts from obese mice continue to respond to elevated circulating or cardiac leptin, which may mediate cardioprotection via LepR-induced STAT3 activation, whereas signals distinct from LepR-Tyr1138 promote cardiac hypertrophy. On the other hand, the presence of cardiac hypertrophy in obese mice with complete LepR signal disruption indicates that additional pathways also play a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonary Medicine, Heart Research Center, Georg August University Medicine Goettingen, Robert Koch Strasse 40, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schwoerer AP, Neef S, Broichhausen I, Jacubeit J, Tiburcy M, Wagner M, Biermann D, Didié M, Vettel C, Maier LS, Zimmermann WH, Carrier L, Eschenhagen T, Volk T, El-Armouche A, Ehmke H. Enhanced Ca²+ influx through cardiac L-type Ca²+ channels maintains the systolic Ca²+ transient in early cardiac atrophy induced by mechanical unloading. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1763-73. [PMID: 23842739 PMCID: PMC3898408 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac atrophy as a consequence of mechanical unloading develops following exposure to microgravity or prolonged bed rest. It also plays a central role in the reverse remodelling induced by left ventricular unloading in patients with heart failure. Surprisingly, the intracellular Ca2+ transients which are pivotal to electromechanical coupling and to cardiac plasticity were repeatedly found to remain unaffected in early cardiac atrophy. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the preservation of the Ca2+ transients, we investigated Ca2+ cycling in cardiomyocytes from mechanically unloaded (heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation) and control (orthotopic) hearts in syngeneic Lewis rats. Following 2 weeks of unloading, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content was reduced by ~55 %. Atrophic cardiac myocytes also showed a much lower frequency of spontaneous diastolic Ca2+ sparks and a diminished systolic Ca2+ release, even though the expression of ryanodine receptors was increased by ~30 %. In contrast, current clamp recordings revealed prolonged action potentials in endocardial as well as epicardial myocytes which were associated with a two to fourfold higher sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx under action potential clamp. In addition, Cav1.2 subunits which form the pore of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) were upregulated in atrophic myocardium. These data suggest that in early cardiac atrophy induced by mechanical unloading, an augmented sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx through LTCC fully compensates for a reduced systolic SR Ca2+ release to preserve the Ca2+ transient. This interplay involves an electrophysiological remodelling as well as changes in the expression of cardiac ion channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Schwoerer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Neef
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - I. Broichhausen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Jacubeit
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M. Wagner
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Biermann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Center for Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Didié
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C. Vettel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - L. S. Maier
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - W. H. Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - L. Carrier
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Inserm, U974; CNRS, UMR7215; UPMC UM76, Institut de Myologie, Paris, 75013 France
| | - T. Eschenhagen
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Volk
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - H. Ehmke
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Didié M, Biermann D, Buchert R, Hess A, Wittköpper K, Christalla P, Döker S, Jebran F, Schöndube F, Reichenspurner H, El-Armouche A, Zimmermann WH. Preservation of left ventricular function and morphology in volume-loaded versus volume-unloaded heterotopic heart transplants. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H533-41. [PMID: 23771692 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00218.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Total mechanical unloading of the heart in classical models of heterotopic heart transplantation leads to cardiac atrophy and functional deterioration. In contrast, partial unloading of failing human hearts with left ventricular (LV) assist devices (LVADs) can in some patients ameliorate heart failure symptoms. Here we tested in heterotopic rat heart transplant models whether partial volume-loading (VL; anastomoses: aorta of donor to aorta of recipient, pulmonary artery of donor to left atrium of donor, superior vena cava of donor to inferior vena cava of recipient; n = 27) is superior to the classical model of myocardial unloading (UL; anastomoses: aorta of donor to aorta of recipient, pulmonary artery of donor to inferior vena cava of recipient; n = 14) with respect to preservation of ventricular morphology and function. Echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and LV-pressure-volume catheter revealed attenuated myocardial atrophy with ~30% higher LV weight and better systolic contractile function in VL compared with UL (fractional area shortening, 34% vs. 18%; maximal change in pressure over time, 2,986 ± 252 vs. 2,032 ± 193 mmHg/s). Interestingly, no differences in fibrosis (Picrosirus red staining) or glucose metabolism (2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-PET) between VL and UL were observed. We conclude that the rat model of partial VL attenuates atrophic remodelling and shows superior morphological as well as functional preservation, and thus should be considered more widely as a research model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Didié M, Christalla P, Rubart M, Muppala V, Döker S, Unsöld B, El-Armouche A, Rau T, Eschenhagen T, Schwoerer AP, Ehmke H, Schumacher U, Fuchs S, Lange C, Becker A, Tao W, Scherschel JA, Soonpaa MH, Yang T, Lin Q, Zenke M, Han DW, Schöler HR, Rudolph C, Steinemann D, Schlegelberger B, Kattman S, Witty A, Keller G, Field LJ, Zimmermann WH. Parthenogenetic stem cells for tissue-engineered heart repair. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1285-98. [PMID: 23434590 DOI: 10.1172/jci66854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniparental parthenotes are considered an unwanted byproduct of in vitro fertilization. In utero parthenote development is severely compromised by defective organogenesis and in particular by defective cardiogenesis. Although developmentally compromised, apparently pluripotent stem cells can be derived from parthenogenetic blastocysts. Here we hypothesized that nonembryonic parthenogenetic stem cells (PSCs) can be directed toward the cardiac lineage and applied to tissue-engineered heart repair. We first confirmed similar fundamental properties in murine PSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), despite notable differences in genetic (allelic variability) and epigenetic (differential imprinting) characteristics. Haploidentity of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) in PSCs is particularly attractive for allogeneic cell-based therapies. Accordingly, we confirmed acceptance of PSCs in MHC-matched allotransplantation. Cardiomyocyte derivation from PSCs and ESCs was equally effective. The use of cardiomyocyte-restricted GFP enabled cell sorting and documentation of advanced structural and functional maturation in vitro and in vivo. This included seamless electrical integration of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes into recipient myocardium. Finally, we enriched cardiomyocytes to facilitate engineering of force-generating myocardium and demonstrated the utility of this technique in enhancing regional myocardial function after myocardial infarction. Collectively, our data demonstrate pluripotency, with unrestricted cardiogenicity in PSCs, and introduce this unique cell type as an attractive source for tissue-engineered heart repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Biermann D, Heilmann A, Didié M, Schlossarek S, Wahab A, Donzelli S, Carrier L, Ehmke H, Zimmermann WH, Reichenspurner H, Böger RH, Benndorf RA. The role of AT2-receptors in neonatal cardiovascular development. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Biermann D, Didié M, Wittköpper K, Christalla P, Reichenspurner H, El-Armouche A, Zimmermann WH. Volume- loading in experimental heterotopic heart transplantation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Biermann D, Heilmann A, Didié M, Schlossarek S, Wahab A, Grimm M, Römer M, Reichenspurner H, Sultan KR, Steenpass A, Ergün S, Donzelli S, Carrier L, Ehmke H, Zimmermann WH, Hein L, Böger RH, Benndorf RA. Impact of AT2 receptor deficiency on postnatal cardiovascular development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47916. [PMID: 23144713 PMCID: PMC3483305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The angiotensin II receptor subtype 2 (AT2 receptor) is ubiquitously and highly expressed in early postnatal life. However, its role in postnatal cardiac development remained unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Hearts from 1, 7, 14 and 56 days old wild-type (WT) and AT2 receptor-deficient (KO) mice were extracted for histomorphometrical analysis as well as analysis of cardiac signaling and gene expression. Furthermore, heart and body weights of examined animals were recorded and echocardiographic analysis of cardiac function as well as telemetric blood pressure measurements were performed. Moreover, gene expression, sarcomere shortening and calcium transients were examined in ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from both genotypes. KO mice exhibited an accelerated body weight gain and a reduced heart to body weight ratio as compared to WT mice in the postnatal period. However, in adult KO mice the heart to body weight ratio was significantly increased most likely due to elevated systemic blood pressure. At postnatal day 7 ventricular capillarization index and the density of α-smooth muscle cell actin-positive blood vessels were higher in KO mice as compared to WT mice but normalized during adolescence. Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac systolic function at postnatal day 7 revealed decreased contractility of KO hearts in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Moreover, cardiomyocytes from KO mice showed a decreased sarcomere shortening and an increased peak Ca(2+) transient in response to isoprenaline when stimulated concomitantly with angiotensin II. CONCLUSION The AT2 receptor affects postnatal cardiac growth possibly via reducing body weight gain and systemic blood pressure. Moreover, it moderately attenuates postnatal vascularization of the heart and modulates the beta adrenergic response of the neonatal heart. These AT2 receptor-mediated effects may be implicated in the physiological maturation process of the heart.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Blood Pressure
- Body Weight
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Gene Expression
- Heart/growth & development
- Heart/physiology
- Immunoblotting
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Contraction/genetics
- Myocardial Contraction/physiology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/deficiency
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcomeres/drug effects
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Time Factors
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Biermann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Department of Pharmacology and Heart Research Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Azadeh Wahab
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Römer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Karim R. Sultan
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Steenpass
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilian-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Donzelli
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heimo Ehmke
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram H. Zimmermann
- Department of Pharmacology and Heart Research Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H. Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf A. Benndorf
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilian-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacy, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tiburcy M, Didié M, Boy O, Christalla P, Döker S, Naito H, Karikkineth BC, El-Armouche A, Grimm M, Nose M, Eschenhagen T, Zieseniss A, Katschinski DM, Hamdani N, Linke WA, Yin X, Mayr M, Zimmermann WH. Terminal Differentiation, Advanced Organotypic Maturation, and Modeling of Hypertrophic Growth in Engineered Heart Tissue. Circ Res 2011; 109:1105-14. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.251843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Cardiac tissue engineering should provide “realistic” in vitro heart muscle models and surrogate tissue for myocardial repair. For either application, engineered myocardium should display features of native myocardium, including terminal differentiation, organotypic maturation, and hypertrophic growth.
Objective:
To test the hypothesis that 3D-engineered heart tissue (EHT) culture supports (1) terminal differentiation as well as (2) organotypic assembly and maturation of immature cardiomyocytes, and (3) constitutes a methodological platform to investigate mechanisms underlying hypertrophic growth.
Methods and Results:
We generated EHTs from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and compared morphological and molecular properties of EHT and native myocardium from fetal, neonatal, and adult rats. We made the following key observations: cardiomyocytes in EHT (1) gained a high level of binucleation in the absence of notable cytokinesis, (2) regained a rod-shape and anisotropic sarcomere organization, (3) demonstrated a fetal-to-adult gene expression pattern, and (4) responded to distinct hypertrophic stimuli with concentric or eccentric hypertrophy and reexpression of fetal genes. The process of terminal differentiation and maturation (culture days 7–12) was preceded by a tissue consolidation phase (culture days 0–7) with substantial cardiomyocyte apoptosis and dynamic extracellular matrix restructuring.
Conclusions:
This study documents the propensity of immature cardiomyocytes to terminally differentiate and mature in EHT in a remarkably organotypic manner. It moreover provides the rationale for the utility of the EHT technology as a methodological bridge between 2D cell culture and animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Tiburcy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Michael Didié
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Oliver Boy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Peter Christalla
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Stephan Döker
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Hiroshi Naito
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Bijoy Chandapillai Karikkineth
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Michael Grimm
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Monika Nose
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Anke Zieseniss
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Doerthe M. Katschinski
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Wolfgang A. Linke
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (M.T., M.D., O.B., P.C., S.D., H.N., B.C.K., A.E.-A., W.-H.Z.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.G., M.N., T.E.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany (A.Z., D.M.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (N.H., W.A.L.); and King's
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Knöll R, Linke WA, Zou P, Miocic S, Kostin S, Buyandelger B, Ku CH, Neef S, Bug M, Schäfer K, Knöll G, Felkin LE, Wessels J, Toischer K, Hagn F, Kessler H, Didié M, Quentin T, Maier LS, Teucher N, Unsöld B, Schmidt A, Birks EJ, Gunkel S, Lang P, Granzier H, Zimmermann WH, Field LJ, Faulkner G, Dobbelstein M, Barton PJR, Sattler M, Wilmanns M, Chien KR. Telethonin deficiency is associated with maladaptation to biomechanical stress in the mammalian heart. Circ Res 2011; 109:758-69. [PMID: 21799151 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.245787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Telethonin (also known as titin-cap or t-cap) is a 19-kDa Z-disk protein with a unique β-sheet structure, hypothesized to assemble in a palindromic way with the N-terminal portion of titin and to constitute a signalosome participating in the process of cardiomechanosensing. In addition, a variety of telethonin mutations are associated with the development of several different diseases; however, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and telethonin's in vivo function. OBJECTIVE Here we aim to investigate the role of telethonin in vivo and to identify molecular mechanisms underlying disease as a result of its mutation. METHODS AND RESULTS By using a variety of different genetically altered animal models and biophysical experiments we show that contrary to previous views, telethonin is not an indispensable component of the titin-anchoring system, nor is deletion of the gene or cardiac specific overexpression associated with a spontaneous cardiac phenotype. Rather, additional titin-anchorage sites, such as actin-titin cross-links via α-actinin, are sufficient to maintain Z-disk stability despite the loss of telethonin. We demonstrate that a main novel function of telethonin is to modulate the turnover of the proapoptotic tumor suppressor p53 after biomechanical stress in the nuclear compartment, thus linking telethonin, a protein well known to be present at the Z-disk, directly to apoptosis ("mechanoptosis"). In addition, loss of telethonin mRNA and nuclear accumulation of this protein is associated with human heart failure, an effect that may contribute to enhanced rates of apoptosis found in these hearts. CONCLUSIONS Telethonin knockout mice do not reveal defective heart development or heart function under basal conditions, but develop heart failure following biomechanical stress, owing at least in part to apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, an effect that may also play a role in human heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Knöll
- Imperial College, National Heart & Lung Institute, British Heart Foundation, Centre for Research Excellence, Myocardial Genetics, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grebe C, Klingebiel TM, Grau SP, Toischer K, Didié M, Jacobshagen C, Dullin C, Hasenfuss G, Seidler T. Enhanced expression of DYRK1A in cardiomyocytes inhibits acute NFAT activation but does not prevent hypertrophy in vivo. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 90:521-8. [PMID: 21273244 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway can mediate pro-hypertrophic signalling in the heart. Recently, it has been shown that dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) phosphorylates NFAT, which limits calcineurin/NFAT signal transduction in T cells and hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes. The hypothesis tested in this study was that DYRK1A prevents calcineurin/NFAT-mediated cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS In cultured rat cardiomyocytes, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of DYRK1A antagonized calcineurin-mediated nuclear NFAT translocation and the phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic growth response. To test the ability of DYRK1A to reduce hypertrophic cardiac growth in vivo, we created tetracycline-repressible Dyrk1a transgenic mice to avoid the cardiac developmental defects associated with embryonic DYRK1A expression. However, in the mouse model, histological determination of myocyte diameter, heart weight/body weight ratio, and echocardiographic measurements revealed that myocardial expression of DYRK1A failed to reduce hypertrophy induced via aortic banding or co-expression of calcineurin. This discrepancy is explained, at least in part, by insufficient long-term inhibition of NFAT and the activation of DYRK1A-resistant maladaptive genes in vivo. CONCLUSION Isolated augmentation of DYRK1A can be compensated for in vivo, and this may significantly limit anti-hypertrophic interventions aimed at enhancing DYRK1A activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Grebe
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Biermann D, Didié M, Treede H, Conradi L, Reichenspurner H, Zimmermann WH. Partial loading of heterotopic heart transplants results in preserved left ventricular function and morphology. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Biermann D, Kirstein M, Treede H, Conradi L, Didié M, Reichenspurner H, Böger R, Zimmermann WH, Benndorf R. Pathophysiological role of the AT2 receptor in cardiovascular remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Rudolph V, Andrié RP, Rudolph TK, Friedrichs K, Klinke A, Hirsch-Hoffmann B, Schwoerer AP, Lau D, Fu X, Klingel K, Sydow K, Didié M, Seniuk A, von Leitner EC, Szoecs K, Schrickel JW, Treede H, Wenzel U, Lewalter T, Nickenig G, Zimmermann WH, Meinertz T, Böger RH, Reichenspurner H, Freeman BA, Eschenhagen T, Ehmke H, Hazen SL, Willems S, Baldus S. Myeloperoxidase acts as a profibrotic mediator of atrial fibrillation. Nat Med 2010; 16:470-4. [PMID: 20305660 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Observational clinical and ex vivo studies have established a strong association between atrial fibrillation and inflammation. However, whether inflammation is the cause or the consequence of atrial fibrillation and which specific inflammatory mediators may increase the atria's susceptibility to fibrillation remain elusive. Here we provide experimental and clinical evidence for the mechanistic involvement of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme enzyme abundantly expressed by neutrophils, in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. MPO-deficient mice pretreated with angiotensin II (AngII) to provoke leukocyte activation showed lower atrial tissue abundance of the MPO product 3-chlorotyrosine, reduced activity of matrix metalloproteinases and blunted atrial fibrosis as compared to wild-type mice. Upon right atrial electrophysiological stimulation, MPO-deficient mice were protected from atrial fibrillation, which was reversed when MPO was restored. Humans with atrial fibrillation had higher plasma concentrations of MPO and a larger MPO burden in right atrial tissue as compared to individuals devoid of atrial fibrillation. In the atria, MPO colocalized with markedly increased formation of 3-chlorotyrosine. Our data demonstrate that MPO is a crucial prerequisite for structural remodeling of the myocardium, leading to an increased vulnerability to atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Rudolph
- 1Department of General and Interventional Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vantler M, Karikkineth BC, Naito H, Tiburcy M, Didié M, Nose M, Rosenkranz S, Zimmermann WH. PDGF-BB protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis and improves contractile function of engineered heart tissue. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 48:1316-23. [PMID: 20307544 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived-growth-factor-BB (PDGF-BB) can protect various cell types from apoptotic cell death, and induce hypertrophic growth and proliferation, but little is known about its direct or indirect effects on cardiomyocytes. Cardiac muscle engineering is compromised by a particularly high rate of cardiomyocyte death. Here we hypothesized that PDGF-BB stimulation can (1) protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis, (2) enhance myocyte content in and (3) consequently optimize contractile performance of engineered heart tissue (EHT). We investigated the effects of PDGF-receptor activation in neonatal rat heart monolayer- and EHT-cultures by isometric contraction experiments, cytomorphometry, (3)H-thymidine and (3)H-phenylalanine incorporation assays, quantitative PCR (calsequestrin 2, alpha-cardiac and skeletal actin, atrial natriuretic factor, alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chain), immunoblotting (activated caspase 3, Akt-phosphorylation), and ELISA (cell death detection). PDGF-BB did not induce hypertrophy or proliferation in cardiomyocytes, but enhanced contractile performance of EHT. This effect was concentration-dependent (E(max) 10 ng/ml) and maximal only after transient PDGF-BB stimulation (culture days 0-7; total culture duration: 12 days). Improvement of contractile function was associated with higher cardiomyocyte content, as a consequence of PDGF-BB mediated protection from apoptosis (lower caspase-3 activity particularly in cardiomyocytes in PDGF-BB treated vs. untreated EHTs). We confirmed the anti-apoptotic effect of PDGF-BB in monolayer cultures and observed that PI3-kinase inhibition with LY294002 attenuated PDGF-BB-mediated cardiomyocyte protection. We conclude that PDGF-BB does not induce hypertrophy or proliferation, but confers an anti-apoptotic effect on cardiomyocytes. Our findings suggest a further exploitation of PDGF-BB in cardiomyocyte protection in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Vantler
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Knöll R, Kostin S, Klede S, Savvatis K, Klinge L, Stehle I, Gunkel S, Kötter S, Babicz K, Sohns M, Miocic S, Didié M, Knöll G, Zimmermann WH, Thelen P, Bickeböller H, Maier LS, Schaper W, Schaper J, Kraft T, Tschöpe C, Linke WA, Chien KR. A common MLP (muscle LIM protein) variant is associated with cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2009; 106:695-704. [PMID: 20044516 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.206243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We previously discovered the human 10T-->C (Trp4Arg) missense mutation in exon 2 of the muscle LIM protein (MLP, CSRP3) gene. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the effects of this single-nucleotide polymorphism in the in vivo situation. METHODS AND RESULTS We now report the generation and detailed analysis of the corresponding Mlp(W4R/+) and Mlp(W4R/W4R) knock-in animals, which develop an age- and gene dosage-dependent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure phenotype, characterized by almost complete loss of contractile reserve under catecholamine induced stress. In addition, evidence for skeletal muscle pathology, which might have implications for human mutation carriers, was observed. Importantly, we found significantly reduced MLP mRNA and MLP protein expression levels in hearts of heterozygous and homozygous W4R-MLP knock-in animals. We also detected a weaker in vitro interaction of telethonin with W4R-MLP than with wild-type MLP. These alterations may contribute to an increased nuclear localization of W4R-MLP, which was observed by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Given the well-known high frequency of this mutation in Caucasians of up to 1%, our data suggest that (W4R-MLP) might contribute significantly to human cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Knöll
- Heart Centre, Georg August University, Götingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salamon J, Peldschus K, Daniel W, Didié M, Lange C, Schumacher U, Adam G, Ittrich H. In-vivo Nachweis einzelner magnetisch markierter mesenchymaler Stromazellen im Mausmodell mittels eines klinischen 3.0T MR-Tomographen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
32
|
Biermann D, Conradi L, Treede H, Heimann A, Didié M, Reichenspurner H, Böger R, Zimmermann WH, Benndorf R. Angiotensin2-receptors in postnatal cardiac development. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1191418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
33
|
Yildirim Y, Naito H, Didié M, Karikkineth BC, Biermann D, Eschenhagen T, Reichenspurner H, Zimmermann WH. Development of a biological ventricular assist device (BioVAD). Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1191571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
El-Armouche A, Wittköpper K, Degenhardt F, Weinberger F, Didié M, Melnychenko I, Grimm M, Peeck M, Zimmermann WH, Unsöld B, Hasenfuss G, Dobrev D, Eschenhagen T. Phosphatase inhibitor-1-deficient mice are protected from catecholamine-induced arrhythmias and myocardial hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:396-406. [PMID: 18689792 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Phosphatase inhibitor-1 (I-1) is a conditional amplifier of beta-adrenergic signalling downstream of protein kinase A by inhibiting type-1 phosphatases only in its PKA-phosphorylated form. I-1 is downregulated in failing hearts and thus contributes to beta-adrenergic desensitization. It is unclear whether this should be viewed as a predominantly adverse or protective response. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific I-1 overexpression (I-1-TG) and evaluated cardiac function and responses to catecholamines in mice with targeted disruption of the I-1 gene (I-1-KO). Both groups were compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. I-1-TG developed cardiac hypertrophy and mild dysfunction which was accompanied by a substantial compensatory increase in PP1 abundance and activity, confounding cause-effect relationships. I-1-KO had normal heart structure with mildly reduced sensitivity, but unchanged maximal contractile responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation, both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, I-1-KO were partially protected from lethal catecholamine-induced arrhythmias and from hypertrophy and dilation induced by a 7 day infusion with the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline. Moreover, I-1-KO exhibited a partially preserved acute beta-adrenergic response after chronic isoprenaline, which was completely absent in similarly treated WT. At the molecular level, I-1-KO showed lower steady-state phosphorylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor/Ca(2+) release channel and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase-regulating protein phospholamban. These alterations may lower the propensity for diastolic Ca(2+) release and Ca(2+) uptake and thus stabilize the SR and account for the protection. CONCLUSION Taken together, loss of I-1 attenuates detrimental effects of catecholamines on the heart, suggesting I-1 downregulation in heart failure as a beneficial desensitization mechanism and I-1 inhibition as a potential novel strategy for heart failure treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Biermann D, Didié M, Chandapillai Karikkineth B, Lange C, Treede H, Conradi L, Reichenspurner H, Eschenhagen T, Zimmermann WH. Left ventricular wall replacement with engineered heart tissue in heterotopically transplanted rat hearts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1037957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
36
|
Yildirim Y, Naito H, Didié M, Karikkineth BC, Biermann D, Eschenhagen T, Zimmermann WH. Development of a biological ventricular assist device: preliminary data from a small animal model. Circulation 2007; 116:I16-23. [PMID: 17846298 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.679688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered heart tissue (EHT) can be generated from cardiomyocytes and extracellular matrix proteins and used to repair local heart muscle defects in vivo. Here, we hypothesized that pouch-like heart muscle constructs can be generated by using a novel EHT-casting technology and applied as heart-embracing cardiac grafts in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Pouch-like EHTs (inner/outer diameter: 10/12 mm) can be generated mainly from neonatal rat heart cells, collagen type I, and serum containing culture medium. They contain a dense network of connexin 43 interconnected cardiomyocytes and an endo-/epicardial surface lining composed of prolylhydroxylase positive cells. Pouch-like EHTs beat spontaneously and show contractile properties of native heart muscle including positive inotropic responses to calcium and isoprenaline. First implantation studies indicate that pouch-like EHTs can be slipped over uninjured adult rat hearts to completely cover the left and right ventricles. Fourteen days after implantation, EHT-grafts stably covered the epicardial surface of the respective hearts. Engrafted EHTs were composed of matrix and differentiated cardiac muscle as well as newly formed vessels which were partly donor-derived. CONCLUSIONS Pouch-like EHTs can be generated with structural and functional properties of native myocardium. Implantation studies demonstrated their applicability as cardiac muscle grafts, setting the stage for an evaluation of EHT-pouches as biological ventricular assist devices in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Yildirim
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
El-Armouche A, Singh J, Naito H, Wittköpper K, Didié M, Laatsch A, Zimmermann WH, Eschenhagen T. Adenovirus-delivered short hairpin RNA targeting PKCalpha improves contractile function in reconstituted heart tissue. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 43:371-6. [PMID: 17628588 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PKCalpha has been shown to be a negative regulator of contractility and PKCalpha gene deletion in mice protected against heart failure. Small interfering (si)RNAs mediate gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) and may be used to knockdown PKCalpha in cardiomyocytes. However, transfection efficiencies of (si)RNAs by lipofection tend to be low in primary cells. To address this limitation, we developed an adenoviral vector (AV) driving short hairpin (sh)RNAs against PKCalpha (Ad-shPKCalpha) and evaluated its potential to silence PKCalpha in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and in engineered heart tissues (EHTs), which resemble functional myocardium in vitro. A nonsense encoding AV (Ad-shNS) served as control. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting showed 90% lower PKCalpha-mRNA and 50% lower PKCalpha protein in Ad-shPKCalpha-infected cells. EHTs were infected with Ad-shPKCalpha on day 11 and subjected to isometric force measurements in organ baths 4 days later. Mean twitch tension was >50% higher in Ad-shPKCalpha compared to Ad-shNS-infected EHTs, under basal and Ca(2+)- or isoprenaline-stimulated conditions. Twitch tension negatively correlated with PKCalpha mRNA levels. In summary, AV-delivered shRNA mediated highly efficient PKCalpha knockdown in cardiac myocytes and improved contractility in EHTs. The data support a role of PKCalpha as a negative regulator of myocardial contractility and demonstrate that EHTs in conjunction with AV-delivered shRNA are a useful model for target validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Naito H, Melnychenko I, Didié M, Schneiderbanger K, Schubert P, Rosenkranz S, Eschenhagen T, Zimmermann WH. Optimizing engineered heart tissue for therapeutic applications as surrogate heart muscle. Circulation 2006; 114:I72-8. [PMID: 16820649 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac tissue engineering aims at providing heart muscle for cardiac regeneration. Here, we hypothesized that engineered heart tissue (EHT) can be improved by using mixed heart cell populations, culture in defined serum-free and Matrigel-free conditions, and fusion of single-unit EHTs to multi-unit heart muscle surrogates. METHODS AND RESULTS EHTs were constructed from native and cardiac myocyte enriched heart cell populations. The former demonstrated a superior contractile performance and developed vascular structures. Peptide growth factor-supplemented culture medium was developed to maintain contractile EHTs in a serum-free environment. Addition of triiodothyronine and insulin facilitated withdrawal of Matrigel from the EHT reconstitution mixture. Single-unit EHTs could be fused to form large multi-unit EHTs with variable geometries. CONCLUSIONS Simulating a native heart cell environment in EHTs leads to improved function and formation of primitive capillaries. The latter may constitute a preformed vascular bed in vitro and facilitate engraftment in vivo. Serum- and Matrigel-free culture conditions are expected to reduce immunogenicity of EHT. Fusion of single-unit EHT allows production of large heart muscle constructs that may eventually serve as optimized tissue grafts in cardiac regeneration in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Naito
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 5, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zimmermann WH, Didié M, Döker S, Melnychenko I, Naito H, Rogge C, Tiburcy M, Eschenhagen T. Heart muscle engineering: an update on cardiac muscle replacement therapy. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 71:419-29. [PMID: 16697358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac muscle engineering aims at providing functional myocardium to repair diseased hearts and model cardiac development, physiology, and disease in vitro. Several enabling technologies have been established over the past 10 years to create functional myocardium. Although none of the presently employed technologies yields a perfect match of natural heart muscle, it can be anticipated that human heart muscle equivalents will become available after fine tuning of currently established tissue engineering concepts. This review provides an update on the state of cardiac muscle engineering and its utilization in cardiac regeneration. We discuss the application of stem cells including the allocation of autologous cell material, transgenic technologies that may improve tissue structure as well as in vivo engraftment, and vascularization concepts. We also touch on legal and economic aspects that have to be considered before engineered myocardium may eventually be applied in patients and discuss who may be a potential recipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
El-Armouche A, Bednorz A, Pamminger T, Ditz D, Didié M, Dobrev D, Eschenhagen T. Role of calcineurin and protein phosphatase-2A in the regulation of phosphatase inhibitor-1 in cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:700-6. [PMID: 16774736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor 1 (I-1) is a protein inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), the predominating Ser/Thr phosphatase in the heart. Non-phosphorylated I-1 is inactive, whereas I-1 phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) at Thr35 is a potent PP1 inhibitor. The phosphatases that dephosphorylate I-1Thr35 and thus deactivate I-1 in the heart are not established. Here we overexpressed I-1 in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes with recombinant adenovirus and determined phosphorylation of I-1, and one of the major target proteins of PKA/PP1 in the heart, phospholamban (PLB), by Western blot with phospho-specific antibodies. Incubation with the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A or okadaic acid, used at a concentration preferentially inhibiting phosphatase 2A (PP2A), increased significantly I-1Thr35 (approximately 2- to 6-fold) and PLB Ser16 phosphorylation (approximately 2-fold). The results indicate that calcineurin and PP2A act to maintain a low basal level of phosphorylated (active) I-1 in living cardiac myocytes. Calcineurin may constitute a cross-talk between calcium- and cAMP-dependent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zimmermann WH, Melnychenko I, Wasmeier G, Didié M, Naito H, Nixdorff U, Hess A, Budinsky L, Brune K, Michaelis B, Dhein S, Schwoerer A, Ehmke H, Eschenhagen T. Engineered heart tissue grafts improve systolic and diastolic function in infarcted rat hearts. Nat Med 2006; 12:452-8. [PMID: 16582915 DOI: 10.1038/nm1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The concept of regenerating diseased myocardium by implantation of tissue-engineered heart muscle is intriguing, but convincing evidence is lacking that heart tissues can be generated at a size and with contractile properties that would lend considerable support to failing hearts. Here we created large (thickness/diameter, 1-4 mm/15 mm), force-generating engineered heart tissue from neonatal rat heart cells. Engineered heart tissue formed thick cardiac muscle layers when implanted on myocardial infarcts in immune-suppressed rats. When evaluated 28 d later, engineered heart tissue showed undelayed electrical coupling to the native myocardium without evidence of arrhythmia induction. Moreover, engineered heart tissue prevented further dilation, induced systolic wall thickening of infarcted myocardial segments and improved fractional area shortening of infarcted hearts compared to controls (sham operation and noncontractile constructs). Thus, our study provides evidence that large contractile cardiac tissue grafts can be constructed in vitro, can survive after implantation and can support contractile function of infarcted hearts.
Collapse
|
42
|
Rust MB, Faulhaber J, Budack MK, Pfeffer C, Maritzen T, Didié M, Beck FX, Boettger T, Schubert R, Ehmke H, Jentsch TJ, Hübner CA. Neurogenic Mechanisms Contribute to Hypertension in Mice With Disruption of the K-Cl Cotransporter KCC3. Circ Res 2006; 98:549-56. [PMID: 16424367 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000204449.83861.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disorder Andermann syndrome is caused by mutations of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC3. Mice with a targeted disruption of the corresponding gene, Slc12a6, reproduce neurodegeneration of the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) and display arterial hypertension. Kcc3 is expressed in numerous tissues, including the CNS and vascular smooth muscle cells. As the intracellular chloride concentration may influence myogenic tone and hence blood pressure, we measured the chloride concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells. It was indeed increased in superficial brain arteries and saphenous arteries of Kcc3(-/-) mice. Isolated saphenous arteries and their third-order branches, however, reacted indistinguishably to changes in intravascular pressure, stimulation of alpha1-adrenoreceptors, exogenous nitric oxide, or blockade of calcium-activated chloride channels. Likewise, the responses to alpha1-adrenergic stimulation or exogenous nitric oxide in vivo were identical in both genotypes. These results argue against a major vascular-intrinsic component of arterial hypertension in Kcc3(-/-) mice. In contrast, either alpha1-adrenergic blockade or inhibition of ganglionic transmission abolished the difference in arterial blood pressure between both genotypes. This demonstrates a neurogenic component in the maintenance of this phenotype, which is further supported by an increase of urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine excretion in Kcc3(-/-) mice. Our data indicate that local control of myogenic tone does not require KCC3 and that hypertension in Kcc3(-/-) mice depends on an elevated sympathetic tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Rust
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Münzel F, Mühlhäuser U, Zimmermann WH, Didié M, Schneiderbanger K, Schubert P, Engmann S, Eschenhagen T, Zolk O. Endothelin-1 and isoprenaline co-stimulation causes contractile failure which is partially reversed by MEK inhibition. Cardiovasc Res 2005; 68:464-74. [PMID: 16040022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mitogen-activated kinase kinases (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling pathway is activated by agonists like catecholamines or endothelin-1 (ET-1) and has been implicated in cardiac pathology, such as the progression from cardiac hypertrophy to failure. The purpose of the present study, performed in an in vitro model of contractile failure, was to evaluate whether MEK inhibition prevents functional deterioration. METHODS AND RESULTS Contractile dysfunction was induced in reconstituted rat heart tissue by concomitant treatment with ET-1 (10 nmol/l) and isoprenaline (ISO, 10 nmol/l) for 5 days. While basal force of contraction was unchanged, contractile responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor agonists was markedly impaired (active force declined to 51% of controls) and was associated with decreased lusitropy. Moreover, in ET-1+ISO-treated heart tissues, reprogramming of gene expression was observed with an increased ratio of beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC) to alpha-MHC mRNA and increased transcript levels of ANF and skeletal/smooth muscle alpha-actin isoforms. The MEK inhibitor U0126 (10 micromol/l) almost completely prevented the reduction in beta-adrenergic responsiveness and the negative lusitropic effect of ET-1+ISO co-stimulation. In addition, U0126 completely normalized ANF gene expression, but did not affect or only marginally affected expression of MHC and alpha-actin isoforms. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that interruption of the MEK-ERK signaling pathway with a specific MEK inhibitor prevents, in part, the occurrence of a pathologic phenotype secondary to excessive stimulation with neurohumoral factors. The MEK-ERK pathway seems to be an important but not exclusive regulatory pathway responsible for the development of contractile dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Münzel
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in irreversible loss of cardiac myocytes and heart failure. Tissue or cell grafting offers the prospect of reintroducing contractile elements into impaired hearts. However, implanted cardiac myocytes remain physically and electrically isolated from the viable myocardium. Accordingly, the proof of increased contractile function attributable specifically to cell grafting procedures is sparse. Over the last few years, we have developed a new method to generate three-dimensional engineered heart tissue (EHTs) in vitro from embryonic chick or neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. EHTs comprise functional and morphological properties of intact myocardium. We hypothesized that EHTs, preformed in vitro into suitable geometric forms, represent appropriate graft material for in vivo tissue repair with advantages over isolated cells. Herein we describe initial results from implantation experiments of EHTs in the peritoneum of Fisher 344 rats. EHTs survived for at least 14 days, maintained a network of differentiated cardiac myocytes, and were strongly vascularized. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence for the general feasibility of EHTs as material for a novel tissue replacement approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zimmermann WH, Didié M, Wasmeier GH, Nixdorff U, Hess A, Melnychenko I, Boy O, Neuhuber WL, Weyand M, Eschenhagen T. Cardiac grafting of engineered heart tissue in syngenic rats. Circulation 2002; 106:I151-7. [PMID: 12354725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell grafting has emerged as a novel approach to treat heart diseases refractory to conventional therapy. We hypothesize that survival and functional and electrical integration of grafts may be improved by engineering cardiac tissue constructs in vitro before grafting. METHODS AND RESULTS Engineered heart tissue (EHT) was reconstituted by mixing cardiac myocytes from neonatal Fischer 344 rats with liquid collagen type I, matrigel, and serum-containing culture medium. EHTs were designed in circular shape (inner/outer diameter: 8/10 mm; thickness: 1 mm) to fit around the circumference of hearts from syngenic rats. After 12 days in culture and before implantation on uninjured hearts, contractile function of EHT was measured under isometric conditions. Baseline twitch tension amounted to 0.34+/-0.03 mN (n=33) and was stimulated by Ca(2+) and isoprenaline to 200+/-12 and 185+/-10% of baseline values, respectively. Despite utilization of a syngenic model immunosuppression (mg/kg BW: azathioprine 2, cyclosporine A 5, methylprednisolone 2) was necessary for EHT survival in vivo. Echocardiography conducted 7, 14, and 28 days after implantation demonstrated no change in left ventricular function compared with pre-OP values (n=9). Fourteen days after implantation, EHTs were heavily vascularized and retained a well organized heart muscle structure as indicated by immunolabeling of actinin, connexin 43, and cadherins. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that implanted EHTs surpassed the degree of differentiation reached before implantation. Contractile function of EHT grafts was preserved in vivo. CONCLUSIONS EHTs can be employed for tissue grafting approaches and might serve as graft material to repair diseased myocardium.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Recent progress in implantations of differentiated cardiac and non-cardiac cells as well as adult stem cells into the heart suggests that the irreversible loss of viable cardiac myocytes that occurs during myocardial infarction can be at least partly substituted. We evaluated an alternative approach by reconstituting cardiac tissue grafts in vitro and implanting them as spontaneously and coherently contracting tissues. For this purpose we have optimized a method to generate ring-shaped three-dimensional engineered heart tissue (EHT) in vitro from neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. When subjected to isometric force measurements in organ baths, electrically stimulated EHTs exhibit a Frank-Starling behavior, a positive inotropic response to increases in extracellular calcium, a positive inotropic and lusitropic response to isoprenaline, and a negative inotropic response to the muscarinic agonist carbachol ('accentuated antagonism'). Twitch tension under maximal calcium amounts to 1-2 mN/ mm2. Importantly, passive (resting) tension is low, yielding a ratio of active/passive tension of approximately 1.5 under basal and 14 under maximal calcium. Morphologically, EHTs represent a highly interconnected three-dimensional network of cardiac myocytes resembling loose cardiac tissue with a high fraction of binucleated cardiac myocytes, strong eosin staining and elongated centrally located nuclei. Electron microscopy demonstrated well developed sarcomeric structures, T-tubules, SR vesicles, T-tubule-SR-junctions, all types of intercellular connective structures, and a basement membrane. Thus, EHTs comprise functional and morphological properties of intact, ventricular myocardium. First implantation experiments of EHTs in the peritoneum of Fischer 344 rats showed that EHTs survived for at least 14 days, maintained a network of differentiated cardiac myocytes, and were strongly vascularized. Thus, EHTs may serve as material for a novel tissue replacement approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zimmermann WH, Schneiderbanger K, Schubert P, Didié M, Münzel F, Heubach JF, Kostin S, Neuhuber WL, Eschenhagen T. Tissue engineering of a differentiated cardiac muscle construct. Circ Res 2002; 90:223-30. [PMID: 11834716 DOI: 10.1161/hh0202.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is an emerging field. The suitability of engineered heart tissue (EHT) for both in vitro and in vivo applications will depend on the degree of syncytoid tissue formation and cardiac myocyte differentiation in vitro, contractile function, and electrophysiological properties. Here, we demonstrate that cardiac myocytes from neonatal rats, when mixed with collagen I and matrix factors, cast in circular molds, and subjected to phasic mechanical stretch, reconstitute ring-shaped EHTs that display important hallmarks of differentiated myocardium. Comparative histological analysis of EHTs with native heart tissue from newborn, 6-day-old, and adult rats revealed that cardiac cells in EHTs reconstitute intensively interconnected, longitudinally oriented, cardiac muscle bundles with morphological features resembling adult rather than immature native tissue. Confocal and electron microscopy demonstrated characteristic features of native differentiated myocardium; some of these features are absent in myocytes from newborn rats: (1) highly organized sarcomeres in registry; (2) adherens junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes; (3) a well-developed T-tubular system and dyad formation with the sarcoplasmic reticulum; and (4) a basement membrane surrounding cardiac myocytes. Accordingly, EHTs displayed contractile characteristics of native myocardium with a high ratio of twitch (0.4 to 0.8 mN) to resting tension (0.1 to 0.3 mN) and a strong beta-adrenergic inotropic response. Action potential recordings demonstrated stable resting membrane potentials of -66 to -78 mV, fast upstroke kinetics, and a prominent plateau phase. The data indicate that EHTs represent highly differentiated cardiac tissue constructs, making EHTs a promising material for in vitro studies of cardiac function and tissue replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-H Zimmermann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|