1
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van der Velden J, Asselbergs FW, Bakkers J, Batkai S, Bertrand L, Bezzina CR, Bot I, Brundel BJJM, Carrier L, Chamuleau S, Ciccarelli M, Dawson D, Davidson SM, Dendorfer A, Duncker DJ, Eschenhagen T, Fabritz L, Falcão-Pires I, Ferdinandy P, Giacca M, Girao H, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Gyongyosi M, Guzik TJ, Hamdani N, Heymans S, Hilfiker A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Hoekstra AG, Hulot JS, Kuster DWD, van Laake LW, Lecour S, Leiner T, Linke WA, Lumens J, Lutgens E, Madonna R, Maegdefessel L, Mayr M, van der Meer P, Passier R, Perbellini F, Perrino C, Pesce M, Priori S, Remme CA, Rosenhahn B, Schotten U, Schulz R, Sipido KR, Sluijter JPG, van Steenbeek F, Steffens S, Terracciano CM, Tocchetti CG, Vlasman P, Yeung KK, Zacchigna S, Zwaagman D, Thum T. Animal models and animal-free innovations for cardiovascular research: current status and routes to be explored. Consensus document of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function and the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3016-3051. [PMID: 34999816 PMCID: PMC9732557 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating research to improve diagnostics, and to discover and test novel preventive and curative therapies, all of which warrant experimental models that recapitulate human disease. The translation of basic science results to clinical practice is a challenging task, in particular for complex conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, which often result from multiple risk factors and comorbidities. This difficulty might lead some individuals to question the value of animal research, citing the translational 'valley of death', which largely reflects the fact that studies in rodents are difficult to translate to humans. This is also influenced by the fact that new, human-derived in vitro models can recapitulate aspects of disease processes. However, it would be a mistake to think that animal models do not represent a vital step in the translational pathway as they do provide important pathophysiological insights into disease mechanisms particularly on an organ and systemic level. While stem cell-derived human models have the potential to become key in testing toxicity and effectiveness of new drugs, we need to be realistic, and carefully validate all new human-like disease models. In this position paper, we highlight recent advances in trying to reduce the number of animals for cardiovascular research ranging from stem cell-derived models to in situ modelling of heart properties, bioinformatic models based on large datasets, and state-of-the-art animal models, which show clinically relevant characteristics observed in patients with a cardiovascular disease. We aim to provide a guide to help researchers in their experimental design to translate bench findings to clinical routine taking the replacement, reduction, and refinement (3R) as a guiding concept.
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Grants
- R01 HL150359 NHLBI NIH HHS
- RG/16/14/32397 British Heart Foundation
- FS/18/37/33642 British Heart Foundation
- PG/17/64/33205 British Heart Foundation
- PG/15/88/31780 British Heart Foundation
- FS/RTF/20/30009, NH/19/1/34595, PG/18/35/33786, CS/17/4/32960, PG/15/88/31780, and PG/17/64/33205 British Heart Foundation
- NC/T001488/1 National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
- PG/18/44/33790 British Heart Foundation
- CH/16/3/32406 British Heart Foundation
- FS/RTF/20/30009 British Heart Foundation
- NWO-ZonMW
- ZonMW and Heart Foundation for the translational research program
- Dutch Cardiovascular Alliance (DCVA)
- Leducq Foundation
- Dutch Research Council
- Association of Collaborating Health Foundations (SGF)
- UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the DCVA
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative CVON
- Stichting Hartekind and the Dutch Research Counsel (NWO) (OCENW.GROOT.2019.029)
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium and Action de Recherche Concertée de la Communauté Wallonie-Bruxelles, Belgium
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative CVON (PREDICT2 and CONCOR-genes projects), the Leducq Foundation
- ERA PerMed (PROCEED study)
- Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative
- Dutch Heart Foundation
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHH)
- Chest Heart and Stroke Scotland
- Tenovus Scotland
- Friends of Anchor and Grampian NHS-Endowments
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research
- European Research Council (ERC-AG IndivuHeart), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- European Union Horizon 2020 (REANIMA and TRAINHEART)
- German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
- European Union Horizon 2020
- DFG
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary
- Research Excellence Program—TKP; National Heart Program
- Austrian Science Fund
- European Union Commission’s Seventh Framework programme
- CVON2016-Early HFPEF
- CVON She-PREDICTS
- CVON Arena-PRIME
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Volkswagenstiftung
- French National Research Agency
- ERA-Net-CVD
- Fédération Française de Cardiologie, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- French PIA Project
- University Research Federation against heart failure
- Netherlands Heart Foundation
- Dekker Senior Clinical Scientist
- Health Holland TKI-LSH
- TUe/UMCU/UU Alliance Fund
- south African National Foundation
- Cancer Association of South Africa and Winetech
- Netherlands Heart Foundation/Applied & Engineering Sciences
- Dutch Technology Foundation
- Pie Medical Imaging
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
- Dr. Dekker Program
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative: the Dutch Heart Foundation
- Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences for the GENIUS-II project
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (VICI grant); the European Research Council
- Incyte s.r.l. and from Ministero dell’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca Scientifica
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Junior Research Group & Translational Research Project), the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant NORVAS),
- Swedish Heart-Lung-Foundation
- Swedish Research Council
- National Institutes of Health
- Bavarian State Ministry of Health and Care through the research project DigiMed Bayern
- ERC
- ERA-CVD
- Dutch Heart Foundation, ZonMw
- the NWO Gravitation project
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, Università e Ricerca Scientifica
- Regione Lombardia
- Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
- ITN Network Personalize AF: Personalized Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation: a translational network
- MAESTRIA: Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Early Detection Stroke Atrial Fibrillation
- REPAIR: Restoring cardiac mechanical function by polymeric artificial muscular tissue
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
- European Union H2020 program to the project TECHNOBEAT
- EVICARE
- BRAV3
- ZonMw
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiac Regeneration
- British Heart Foundation studentship
- NC3Rs
- Interreg ITA-AUS project InCARDIO
- Italian Association for Cancer Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandor Batkai
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilze Bot
- Heart Center, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven Chamuleau
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- Department of Cardiology, Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Andreas Dendorfer
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Sciences and Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Germany and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Ines Falcão-Pires
- UnIC - Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mariann Gyongyosi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Instutute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Division Cardiology, Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Complications in Pregnancy and in Oncologic Therapies, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfons G Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W van Laake
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27B, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Priori
- Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bodo Rosenhahn
- Institute for information Processing, Leibniz University of Hanover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Steenbeek
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Interdepartmental Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Patricia Vlasman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Dayenne Zwaagman
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Thum
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Zhan Q, Peng W, Wang S, Gao J. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Exercise, and Medical Therapies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:310-326. [PMID: 36171526 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for more than one-half of total heart failure cases, with a high prevalence and poor prognosis, especially in older and female patients. Patients with HFpEF are characterized by hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction, and the main symptoms are dyspnea and exercise intolerance. HFpEF is currently poorly studied, and pharmacological treatment for HFpEF is still underexplored. Accumulating clinical trials have shown that exercise could exert benefits on diastolic dysfunction and quality of life in patients with HFpEF. However, there is a high limitation for applying exercise therapy due to exercise intolerance in patients with HFpEF. Key effectors of exercise-protection could be novel therapeutic targets for developing drugs to prevent and treat HFpEF. In this review article, we provide an overview of the pathogenic factors, diagnostic methods, research animal models, the mechanisms of exercise-mediated cardiac protection, and current treatments for HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Zhan
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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3
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Nachar W, Merlet N, Maafi F, Mihalache-Avram T, Mecteau M, Gélinas D, Shi Y, Brodeur M, Alem S, Blondeau L, Cossette M, Guertin MC, Rhainds D, Busseuil D, Rhéaume E, Tardif JC. ApoA-I mimetic does not improve left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in rabbits without aortic valve stenosis. Int J Cardiol 2021; 331:199-205. [PMID: 33421451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) infusions may improve left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in an aortic valve stenosis (AVS) model. Whether the benefit was direct or mediated by the observed reduction in AVS severity is not clear. Here, we aimed to test the direct effect of an ApoA-I mimetic on LVDD in the absence of AVS. METHODS Rabbits were exposed to three different protocols to develop LVDD. First, rabbits were exposed to 0.5% cholesterol-rich diet for an average of 17 weeks. Second, rabbits were subjected to surgical ascending aortic constriction (AAC), to mimic the effect of fixed reduced aortic valve area, and studied after 10 weeks. The third model combined both cholesterol-enriched diet (for 12 weeks) and surgical AAC. The control group consisted of age-matched rabbits under normal diet. After development of LVDD, rabbits were randomized to receive infusions of saline or apoA-I mimetic (25 mg/kg) 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Detailed cardiac structure and function measurements were assessed at baseline and weekly during treatment period. Histological and molecular analyses were performed on LV samples. RESULTS In the three models, echocardiographic results showed development of LVDD over time, with preserved LV systolic and aortic valve functions versus controls. ApoA-I mimetic infusions did not significantly improve echocardiographic parameters nor molecular markers of cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. CONCLUSION ApoA-I mimetic therapy did not directly improve LVDD. These results indicate that previously observed changes of LVDD were caused by AVS improvement induced by this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nachar
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit boulevard, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nolwenn Merlet
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Foued Maafi
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit boulevard, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Mélanie Mecteau
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Danielle Gélinas
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Mathieu Brodeur
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Sonia Alem
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Lucie Blondeau
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC), 4100 Molson Street, Montreal H1Y 3N1, Canada
| | - Mariève Cossette
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC), 4100 Molson Street, Montreal H1Y 3N1, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC), 4100 Molson Street, Montreal H1Y 3N1, Canada
| | - David Rhainds
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - David Busseuil
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit boulevard, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit boulevard, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada.
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4
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Wu H, Yang H, Rhee JW, Zhang JZ, Lam CK, Sallam K, Chang ACY, Ma N, Lee J, Zhang H, Blau HM, Bers DM, Wu JC. Modelling diastolic dysfunction in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:3685-3695. [PMID: 31219556 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is common among hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, causing major morbidity and mortality. However, its cellular mechanisms are not fully understood, and presently there is no effective treatment. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) hold great potential for investigating the mechanisms underlying DD in HCM and as a platform for drug discovery. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, beating iPSC-CMs were generated from healthy controls and HCM patients with DD. Micropatterned iPSC-CMs from HCM patients showed impaired diastolic function, as evidenced by prolonged relaxation time, decreased relaxation rate, and shortened diastolic sarcomere length. Ratiometric Ca2+ imaging indicated elevated diastolic [Ca2+]i and abnormal Ca2+ handling in HCM iPSC-CMs, which were exacerbated by β-adrenergic challenge. Combining Ca2+ imaging and traction force microscopy, we observed enhanced myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity (measured as dF/Δ[Ca2+]i) in HCM iPSC-CMs. These results were confirmed with genome-edited isogenic iPSC lines that carry HCM mutations, indicating that cytosolic diastolic Ca2+ overload, slowed [Ca2+]i recycling, and increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, collectively impairing the relaxation of HCM iPSC-CMs. Treatment with partial blockade of Ca2+ or late Na+ current reset diastolic Ca2+ homeostasis, restored diastolic function, and improved long-term survival, suggesting that disturbed Ca2+ signalling is an important cellular pathological mechanism of DD. Further investigation showed increased expression of L-type Ca2+channel (LTCC) and transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPC) in HCM iPSC-CMs compared with control iPSC-CMs, which likely contributed to diastolic [Ca2+]i overload. CONCLUSION In summary, this study recapitulated DD in HCM at the single-cell level, and revealed novel cellular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of DD using iPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karim Sallam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex C Y Chang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helen M Blau
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Cardiac inflammation and diastolic dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220707. [PMID: 31393963 PMCID: PMC6687122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is present in more than 50% of patients suffering from heart failure. LVDD animal models are limited and its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) may cause LVDD, and we recently reported LVDD in an AVS rabbit model. Here we aimed to develop a rabbit model of LVDD without AVS. Methods Rabbits were fed with a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet (n = 9) or normal diet (n = 8) until they developed LVDD defined by a value of the echocardiographic parameter E/Em ratio higher than the mean at baseline + 2SD. Rabbits were then fed a 0.2% cholesterol-enriched diet for 4 weeks (average total diet duration: 20 weeks). Detailed cardiac structure and function measurements were assessed by echocardiography at baseline, weeks 8, 12 and 14 to 20, when applicable. Histological analyses and RT-qPCR were performed on LV samples. Results The hypercholesterolemic diet induced LVDD without systolic dysfunction or AVS, as shown by multiple echocardiographic parameters, including early filling mitral peak velocity and deceleration rate, Em/Am ratio and E/Em ratio (all p<0.05), and by increased cardiac mRNA expression of brain natriuretic peptide (Bnp). Cardiac expression of mRNA for Nox2, Vcam1, Mmp12, Mmp12/Timp1, Il1b and Col1/Col3 ratios was also higher in these rabbits (p<0.05). In contrast, cardiac Sod2 mRNA expression was reduced in hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared to controls. Conclusion Rabbits fed with a cholesterol-enriched diet develop LVDD with preserved systolic function and evidence of cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress. This rabbit model may be used in future studies to test treatment strategies against LVDD.
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6
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Feng Y, Hemmeryckx B, Frederix L, Lox M, Wu J, Heggermont W, Lu HR, Gallacher D, Oyen R, Lijnen HR, Ni Y. Monitoring reperfused myocardial infarction with delayed left ventricular systolic dysfunction in rabbits by longitudinal imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:754-769. [PMID: 30306056 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background An experimental imaging platform for longitudinal monitoring and evaluation of cardiac morphology-function changes has been long desired. We sought to establish such a platform by using a rabbit model of reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) that develops chronic left ventricle systolic dysfunction (LVSD) within 7 weeks. Methods Fifty-five New Zeeland white (NZW) rabbits received sham-operated or 60-min left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) ligation followed by reperfusion. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), transthoracic echocardiography (echo), and blood samples were collected at baseline, in acute (48 hours or 1 week) and chronic (7 weeks) stage subsequent to MI for in vivo assessment of infarct size, cardiac morphology, LV function, and myocardial enzymes. Seven weeks post MI, animals were sacrificed and heart tissues were processed for histopathological staining. Results The success rate of surgical operation was 87.27%. The animal mortality rates were 12.7% and 3.6% both in acute and chronic stage separately. Serum levels of the myocardial enzyme cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) were significantly increased in MI rabbits as compared with sham animals after 4 hours of operation (P<0.05). According to cardiac morphology and function changes, 4 groups could be distinguished: sham rabbits (n=12), and MI rabbits with no (MI_NO_LVSD; n=10), moderate (MI_M_LVSD; n=9) and severe (MI_S_LVSD; n=15) LVSD. No significant differences in cardiac function or wall thickening between sham and MI_NO_LVSD rabbits were observed at both stages using both cMRI and echo methods. cMRI data showed that MI_M_LVSD rabbits exhibited a reduction of ejection fraction (EF) and an increase in end-systolic volume (ESV) at the acute phase, while at the chronic stage these parameters did not change further. Moreover, in MI_S_LVSD animals, these observations were more striking at the acute stage followed by a further decline in EF and increase in ESV at the chronic stage. Lateral wall thickening determined by cMRI was significantly decreased in MI_M_LVSD versus MI_NO_LVSD animals at both stages (P<0.05). As for MI_S_LVSD versus MI_M_LVSD rabbits, the thickening of anterior, inferior and lateral walls was significantly more decreased at both stages (P<0.05). Echo confirmed the findings of cMRI. Furthermore, these in vivo outcomes including those from vivid cine cMRI could be supported by exactly matched ex vivo histomorphological evidences. Conclusions Our findings indicate that chronic LVSD developed over time after surgery-induced MI in rabbits can be longitudinally evaluated using non-invasive imaging techniques and confirmed by the entire-heart-slice histomorphology. This experimental LVSD platform in rabbits may interest researchers in the field of experimental cardiology and help strengthen drug development and translational research for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Feng
- Radiology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Frederix
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jun Wu
- Ultrasound Diagnostic department, the second affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Ward Heggermont
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hua Rong Lu
- Translational Sciences, Safety Pharmacology Research, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - David Gallacher
- Translational Sciences, Safety Pharmacology Research, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- Radiology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Roger Lijnen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Radiology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Wu H, Li L, Niu P, Huang X, Liu J, Zhang F, Shen W, Tan W, Wu Y, Huo Y. The Structure-function remodeling in rabbit hearts of myocardial infarction. Physiol Rep 2018. [PMID: 28637704 PMCID: PMC5492201 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are of importance to investigate basic mechanisms for ischemic heart failure (HF). The objective of the study was to create a rabbit model through multiple coronary artery ligations to investigate the postoperative structure‐function remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) and coronary arterial trees. Here, we hypothesize that the interplay of the degenerated coronary vasculature and increased ventricle wall stress relevant to cardiac fibrosis in vicinity of myocardial infarction (MI) precipitates the incidence and progression of ischemic HF. Echocardiographic measurements showed an approximately monotonic drop of fractional shortening and ejection fraction from 40% and 73% down to 28% and 58% as well as persistent enlargement of LV cavity and slight mitral regurgitation at postoperative 12 weeks. Micro‐CT and histological measurements showed that coronary vascular rarefaction and cardiac fibrosis relevant to inflammation occurred concurrently in vicinity of MI at postoperative 12 weeks albeit there was compensatory vascular growth at postoperative 6 weeks. These findings validate the proposed rabbit model and prove the hypothesis. The post‐MI rabbit model can serve as a reference to test various drugs for treatment of ischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Niu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Wenzeng Shen
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China .,Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular collateral diseases), Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Collateral Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China .,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Hacker TA. Animal Models and Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1098:45-58. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97421-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Conceição G, Heinonen I, Lourenço AP, Duncker DJ, Falcão-Pires I. Animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Neth Heart J 2016; 24:275-86. [PMID: 26936157 PMCID: PMC4796054 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-016-0815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes a clinical syndrome in which the diagnostic criteria of heart failure are not accompanied by gross disturbances of systolic function, as assessed by ejection fraction. In turn, under most circumstances, diastolic function is impaired. Although it now represents over 50 % of all patients with heart failure, the mechanisms of HFpEF remain understood, precluding effective therapy. Understanding the pathophysiology of HFpEF has been restricted by both limited access to human myocardial biopsies and by the lack of animal models that fully mimic human pathology. Animal models are valuable research tools to clarify subcellular and molecular mechanisms under conditions where the comorbidities and other confounding factors can be precisely controlled. Although most of the heart failure animal models currently available represent heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, several HFpEF animal models have been proposed. However, few of these fulfil all the features present in human disease. In this review we will provide an overview of the currently available models to study HFpEF from rodents to large animals as well as present advantages and disadvantages of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Conceição
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I Heinonen
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A P Lourenço
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - D J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Falcão-Pires
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Methods to Induce Cardiac Hypertrophy and Insufficiency. DRUG DISCOVERY AND EVALUATION: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSAYS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122595 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of cardiac hypertrophy and insufficiency have been reviewed by Hasenfuss (1988), Muders and Elsner (2000), Vanoli et al. (2004), Patten and Hall-Porter (2009), Dubi and Arbel (2010), Gomes et al. (2013), and Szymanski et al. (2012).
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11
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Glezeva N, Baugh JA. Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and its potential as a therapeutic target. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 19:681-94. [PMID: 24005868 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is an increasingly prevalent clinical syndrome with many unresolved issues regarding diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. The major pathophysiological mechanisms underlying HFPEF are known to be fibrosis and reduced ventricular compliance, and hypertension (HTN) is perhaps the most significant risk factor for the development of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). Inflammation is one of the earliest events in cardiac stress situations such as pressure and/or volume overload and involves elevated levels of endothelial adhesion molecules as well as increased production and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the tissue. The latter promotes the infiltration of activated inflammatory cells, particularly monocytes, into the cardiac tissue. Increased monocyte infiltration is seen in the early and late stages of HTN and HFPEF. Once inside the tissue, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and promote cardiac inflammation, tissue injury, and myocardial fibrosis. This review focuses on inflammation as the initial and primary trigger of ventricular remodelling in HTN and LVDD, affecting progression to HFPEF. The link between inflammation and b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a clinical marker of cardiac pressure overload which is positively associated with cardiac dysfunction and HF, is also described. Finally, current and prospective therapeutic approaches for HFPEF based on modification of the inflammatory response are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Glezeva
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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12
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Dayan V, Sotelo V, Delfina V, Delgado N, Rodriguez C, Suanes C, Langhain M, Ferrando R, Touriño C, Benech A. Ischemia-Induced Model of Diastolic Dysfunction in Sheep. J INVEST SURG 2014; 28:71-6. [DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2014.970303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Horgan S, Watson C, Glezeva N, Baugh J. Murine models of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Card Fail 2014; 20:984-95. [PMID: 25225111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction leads to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, an increasingly prevalent condition largely driven by modern day lifestyle risk factors. As heart failure with preserved ejection fraction accounts for almost one-half of all patients with heart failure, appropriate nonhuman animal models are required to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome and to provide a platform for preclinical investigation of potential therapies. Hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are major risk factors for diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This review focuses on murine models reflecting this disease continuum driven by the aforementioned common risk factors. We describe various models of diastolic dysfunction and highlight models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction reported in the literature. Strengths and weaknesses of the different models are discussed to provide an aid to translational scientists when selecting an appropriate model. We also bring attention to the fact that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is difficult to diagnose in animal models and that, therefore, there is a paucity of well described animal models of this increasingly important condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horgan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - C Watson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Glezeva
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Baugh
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Optimisation of reference genes for gene-expression analysis in a rabbit model of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89331. [PMID: 24558494 PMCID: PMC3928441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is characterized by the disturbance of ventricle’s performance due to its abnormal relaxation or to its increased stiffness during the diastolic phase. The molecular mechanisms underlying LVDD remain unknown. We aimed to identify normalization genes for accurate gene-expression analysis of LVDD using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in a new rabbit model of LVDD. Eighteen rabbits were fed with a normal diet (n = 7) or a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with vitamin D2 (n = 11) for an average of 14.5 weeks. We validated the presence of LVDD in this model using echocardiography for diastolic function assessment. RT-PCR was performed using cDNA derived from left ventricle samples to measure the stability of 10 genes as candidate reference genes (Gapdh, Hprt1, Ppia, Sdha, Rpl5, Actb, Eef1e1, Ywhaz, Pgk1, and G6pd). Using geNorm analysis, we report that Sdha, Gapdh and Hprt1 genes had the highest stability (M <0.2). By contrast, Hprt1 and Rpl5 genes were found to represent the best combination for normalization when using the Normfinder algorithm (stability value of 0.042). Comparison of both normalization strategies highlighted an increase of natriuretic peptides (Bnp and Anp), monocytes chemotactic protein-1 (Mcp-1) and NADPH oxidase subunit (Nox-2) mRNA expressions in ventricle samples of the hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared to controls (P<0.05). This increase correlates with LVDD echocardiographic parameters and most importantly it molecularly validates the presence of the disease in our model. This is the first study emphasizing the selection of stable reference genes for RT-PCR normalization in a rabbit model of LVDD.
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15
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Gomes AC, Falcão-Pires I, Pires AL, Brás-Silva C, Leite-Moreira AF. Rodent models of heart failure: an updated review. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 18:219-49. [PMID: 22446984 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-012-9305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the major health and economic burdens worldwide, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. The study of HF requires reliable animal models to study the chronic changes and pharmacologic interventions in myocardial structure and function and to follow its progression toward HF. Indeed, during the past 40 years, basic and translational scientists have used small animal models to understand the pathophysiology of HF and find more efficient ways of preventing and managing patients suffering from congestive HF (CHF). Each species and each animal model has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of one model over another should take them into account for a good experimental design. The aim of this review is to describe and highlight the advantages and drawbacks of some commonly used HF rodents models, including both non-genetically and genetically engineered models, with a specific subchapter concerning diastolic HF models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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16
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The Lambeth Conventions (II): Guidelines for the study of animal and human ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:213-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Integrated and translational nonclinical in vivo cardiovascular risk assessment: Gaps and opportunities. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 65:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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