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Zhang K, Yang T, Xia Y, Guo X, Chen W, Wang L, Li J, Wu J, Xiao Z, Zhang X, Jiang W, Xu D, Guo S, Wang Y, Shi Y, Liu D, Li Y, Wang Y, Xing H, Liang T, Niu P, Wang H, Liu Q, Jin S, Qu T, Li H, Zhang Y, Ma W, Wang Y. Molecular Determinants of Neurocognitive Deficits in Glioma: Based on 2021 WHO Classification. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:17. [PMID: 38315329 PMCID: PMC10844410 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common feature among patients with diffuse glioma. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between preoperative cognitive function and clinical as well as molecular factors, firstly based on the new 2021 World Health Organization's updated classification of central nervous system tumors. A total of 110 diffuse glioma patients enrolled underwent preoperative cognitive assessments using the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Clinical information was collected from medical records, and gene sequencing was performed to analyze the 18 most influenced genes. The differences in cognitive function between patients with and without glioblastoma were compared under both the 2016 and 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system to assess their effect of differentiation on cognition. The study found that age, tumor location, and glioblastoma had significant differences in cognitive function. Several genetic alterations were significantly correlated with cognition. Especially, IDH, CIC, and ATRX are positively correlated with several cognitive domains, while most other genes are negatively correlated. For most focused genes, patients with a low number of genetic alterations tended to have better cognitive function. Our study suggested that, in addition to clinical characteristics such as age, histological type, and tumor location, molecular characteristics play a crucial role in cognitive function. Further research into the mechanisms by which tumors affect brain function is expected to enhance the quality of life for glioma patients. This study highlights the importance of considering both clinical and molecular factors in the management of glioma patients to improve cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tianrui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junlin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dongrui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Siying Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tingyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Pei Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qianshu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shanmu Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tian Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huanzhang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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P, Pesce F, Pessolano G, Petchey W, Petr EJ, Pfab T, Phelan P, Phillips R, Phillips T, Phipps M, Piccinni G, Pickett T, Pickworth S, Piemontese M, Pinto D, Piper J, Plummer-Morgan J, Poehler D, Polese L, Poma V, Pontremoli R, Postal A, Pötz C, Power A, Pradhan N, Pradhan R, Preiss D, Preiss E, Preston K, Prib N, Price L, Provenzano C, Pugay C, Pulido R, Putz F, Qiao Y, Quartagno R, Quashie-Akponeware M, Rabara R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Radhakrishnan D, Radley M, Raff R, Raguwaran S, Rahbari-Oskoui F, Rahman M, Rahmat K, Ramadoss S, Ramanaidu S, Ramasamy S, Ramli R, Ramli S, Ramsey T, Rankin A, Rashidi A, Raymond L, Razali WAFA, Read K, Reiner H, Reisler A, Reith C, Renner J, Rettenmaier B, Richmond L, Rijos D, Rivera R, Rivers V, Robinson H, Rocco M, Rodriguez-Bachiller I, Rodriquez R, Roesch C, Roesch J, Rogers J, Rohnstock M, Rolfsmeier S, Roman M, Romo A, Rosati A, Rosenberg S, Ross T, Rossello X, Roura M, Roussel M, Rovner S, Roy S, Rucker S, Rump L, Ruocco M, Ruse S, Russo F, Russo M, Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, Shimizu Y, Shimoda H, Shin K, Shivashankar G, Shojima N, Silva R, Sim CSB, Simmons K, Sinha S, Sitter T, Sivanandam S, Skipper M, Sloan K, Sloan L, Smith R, Smyth J, Sobande T, Sobata M, Somalanka S, Song X, Sonntag F, Sood B, Sor SY, Soufer J, Sparks H, Spatoliatore G, Spinola T, Squyres S, Srivastava A, Stanfield J, Staplin N, Staylor K, Steele A, Steen O, Steffl D, Stegbauer J, Stellbrink C, Stellbrink E, Stevens W, Stevenson A, Stewart-Ray V, Stickley J, Stoffler D, Stratmann B, Streitenberger S, Strutz F, Stubbs J, Stumpf J, Suazo N, Suchinda P, Suckling R, Sudin A, Sugamori K, Sugawara H, Sugawara K, Sugimoto D, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama T, Sullivan M, Sumi M, Suresh N, Sutton D, Suzuki H, Suzuki R, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Swanson E, Swift P, Syed S, Szerlip H, Taal M, Taddeo M, Tailor C, Tajima K, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi T, Takahira E, Takai T, Takaoka M, Takeoka J, Takesada A, Takezawa M, Talbot M, Taliercio J, Talsania T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Niu P, Kreuzer M, Liesegang A, Kunz C, Schwarm A, Giller K. Effects of graded levels of dietary pomegranate peel on methane and nitrogen losses, and metabolic and health indicators in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8627-8641. [PMID: 37641245 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the effects of dietary inclusion of tannin-rich pomegranate peel (PP) on intake, methane and nitrogen (N) losses, and metabolic and health indicators in dairy cows. Four multiparous, late-lactating Brown Swiss dairy cows (796 kg body weight; 29 kg/d of energy corrected milk yield) were randomly allocated to 3 treatments in a randomized cyclic change-over design with 3 periods, each comprising 14 d of adaptation, 7 d of milk, urine, and feces collection, and 2 d of methane measurements. Treatments were formulated using PP that replaced on a dry matter (DM) basis 0% (control), 5%, and 10% of the basal mixed ration (BMR) consisting of corn and grass silage, alfalfa, and concentrate. Gaseous exchange of the cows was determined in open-circuit respiration chambers. Blood samples were collected on d 15 of each period. Individual feed intake as well as feces and urine excretion were quantified, and representative samples were collected for analyses of nutrients and phenol composition. Milk was analyzed for concentrations of fat, protein, lactose, milk urea N, and fatty acids. Total phenols and antioxidant capacity in milk and plasma were determined. In serum, the concentrations of urea and bilirubin as well as the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transferase were measured. The data were subjected to ANOVA with the Mixed procedure of SAS, with treatment and period as fixed and animal as random effects. The PP and BMR contained 218 and 3.5 g of total extractable tannins per kg DM, respectively, and thereof 203 and 3.3 g of hydrolyzable tannins. Total DM intake, energy corrected milk, and methane emission (total, yield, and intensity) were not affected by PP supplementation. The proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 in milk increased linearly as the amount of PP was increased in the diet. Milk urea N, blood urea N, and urinary N excretion decreased linearly with the increase in dietary PP content. Total phenols and antioxidant capacity in milk and plasma were not affected by the inclusion of PP. The activity of ALT increased in a linear manner with the inclusion of PP. In conclusion, replacing up to 10% of BMR with PP improved milk fatty acid composition and alleviated metabolic and environmental N load. However, the elevated serum ALT activity indicates an onset of liver stress even at 5% PP, requiring the development of adaptation protocols for safe inclusion of PP in ruminant diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Niu
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - A Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Kunz
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - A Schwarm
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - K Giller
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland.
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Gu J, Lei F, Wang X, Huang W, He X, Hong Y, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Gao Q, Niu P, Huang D, Gao Z, Ding C, Zhai Z, An K, Chen H, Zhao X, Chen S, Bai Y. 458P Circulating tumor DNA analysis predicting recurrence risk in patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Feng Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Li L, Niu P, Huang Y, Han Y, Tan W, Huo Y. A comparison of passive and active wall mechanics between elastic and muscular arteries of juvenile and adult rats. J Biomech 2021; 126:110642. [PMID: 34325121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The elastic abdominal aorta and muscular femoral artery are susceptible to aneurysm and atherosclerosis, respectively. The vessel wall mechanics should be an important element for the difference. The objective of the study is to demonstrate a comparison of vessel wall mechanics between elastic and muscular arteries of juvenile and adult rats to show the changes of mechanical properties relevant to aging. The passive and active mechanical tests, theoretical analysis, and histological evaluation were carried out to investigate mechanical properties of vessel walls in the abdominal aorta and carotid and femoral arteries of young and adult rats. There are stiffening femoral artery, unchanged carotid artery, and distensible abdominal aorta in adult rats as compared with the young. The opening angle has values of 54 ± 13°, 82 ± 13°, and 94 ± 13° in the abdominal aorta and carotid and femoral arteries of adult rats, respectively, as well as 80 ± 22°, 93 ± 19°, and 100 ± 23° in the young. The findings are explained by the significantly reduced width of collagen fibers in the abdominal aorta, relatively unchanged width in the carotid artery, and significantly increased width in the femoral artery of adult rats as compared with the young. In conjunction with available literatures, we concluded that inconsistency for nonlinear age-related changes of artery wall mechanics occurs between arteries of different types, which may be a risk factor for the occurrence of abdominal aorta aneurysm and femoral artery atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Feng
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Niu
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufan Huang
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenchang Tan
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China; Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang H, Jin Y, Tan Y, Zhu H, Huo W, Niu P, Li Z, Zhang J, Liang XJ, Yang X. Photo-responsive hydrogel facilitates nutrition deprivation by an ambidextrous approach for preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120992. [PMID: 34218050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative recurrence at the primary site and distant metastasis remains the challenge in treating triple-negative breast cancer due to its unpredictable invasion into adjacent tissues. Although systemic chemotherapy has been extensively adopted to attenuate the recurrence and metastasis, the abundant nutrition supply by blood vessels would promote the rapid proliferation of tumor cells and angiogenesis. Herein, we reported a nutrition deprivation strategy by ambidextrously blocking the residual blood vessels and inhibiting angiogenesis to realize efficient treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. To this end, an injectable hydrogel with photo-responsive property was prepared by using polydopamine crosslinked collagen/silk fibroin composite to deliver thrombin for blocking blood vessels and angiogenesis. In the presence of NIR light, the locked thrombin was released into the blood vessels in the adjacent tissues to promote blood coagulation. In addition, the photothermal effect would reduce the secreting of VEGF for preventing angiogenesis in the adjacent tissues. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the permanent interruption of nutrient supply by blocking the blood vessels adjacent to the resected tumor and preventing angiogenesis is a promising strategy to prevent the recurrence and metastasis of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Yi Jin
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Yanli Tan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Han Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Wendi Huo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Pei Niu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xinjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China.
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Li L, Niu P, Wang X, Bing F, Tan W, Huo Y. Short-Term Inhalation of Ultrafine Zinc Particles Could Alleviate Cardiac Dysfunctions in Rats of Myocardial Infarction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:646533. [PMID: 33937215 PMCID: PMC8081065 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.646533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not clear for inhalation of ultrafine metal particles in air pollution to impair human health. In the study, we aimed to investigate whether short-term (4 weeks) inhalation of ultrafine zinc particles could deteriorate the cardiac and hemodynamic functions in rats of myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced in Wistar rats through coronary artery ligation surgery and given an inhalation of ultrafine zinc particles for 4 weeks (post-MI 4 weeks, 4 days per week, and 4 h per day). Cardiac strain and strain rate were quantified by the speckle tracking echocardiography. The pressure and flow wave were recorded in the carotid artery and analyzed by using the Womersley model. Myocardial infarction resulted in the LV wall thinning, LV cavity dilation, remarkable decrease of ejection fraction, dp/dt Max, −dp/dt Min, myocardial strain and strain rates, and increased LV end-diastolic pressure, as well as impaired hemodynamic environment. The short-term inhalation of ultrafine zinc particles significantly alleviated cardiac and hemodynamic dysfunctions, which could protect from the MI-induced myocardial and hemodynamic impairments albeit it is unknown for the long-term inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Niu
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangbo Bing
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, China.,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao D, Niu P, Sun X, Yin Z, Tan W, Huo Y. Mechanical difference of left ventricle between rabbits of myocardial infarction and hypertrophy. J Biomech 2020; 111:110021. [PMID: 32927116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of cardiac wall stress is of importance to understand the development of heart failure (HF). The aim of the study is to carry out the cardiac mechanics analysis to show the changes of left ventricular (LV) wall stresses after LV hypertrophy (LVH) and myocardial infarction (MI). Here, LVH and MI were generated in rabbit hearts through the transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and the distal left circumflex (LCx) artery ligation operations, respectively. Physiological and CT measurements were carried out at postoperative 2 and 4 weeks, based on which a finite element (FE) model was developed to perform the mechanics computation. We found a gradual increase of end-diastolic myofiber stress in free wall and interventricular septum of LVH and MI (higher stress in the free wall than the septum). In the interventricular septum, the 4-weeks LVH group has the highest ED myofiber stresses (11.378 ± 3.022 kPa), while the 4-weeks MI group has the highest ED myofiber stresses (13.494 ± 2.835 kPa) in the free wall. LVH increased myocardial volume (3.49 ± 0.07 and 4.52 ± 0.26 ml at postoperative 2 and 4 weeks) while MI increased LV volume (from 2.75 ± 0.29 to 4.19 ± 0.27 ml). LVH and MI had different distributions of local myofiber stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Zhao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Niu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Yin
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yunlong Huo
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Xie B, Niu P, Su T, Kaftandjian V, Boussel L, Douek P, Yang F, Duvauchelle P, Zhu Y. ROI-Wise Material Decomposition in Spectral Photon-Counting CT. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 2020; 67:1066-1075. [DOI: 10.1109/tns.2020.2985071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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11
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Wang J, Cai K, He X, Shen X, Wang J, Liu J, Xu J, Qiu F, Lei W, Cui L, Ge Y, Wu T, Zhang Y, Yan H, Chen Y, Yu J, Ma X, Shi H, Zhang R, Li X, Gao Y, Niu P, Tan W, Wu G, Jiang Y, Xu W, Ma X. Multiple-centre clinical evaluation of an ultrafast single-tube assay for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1076-1081. [PMID: 32422410 PMCID: PMC7227500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of an ultrafast single-tube nucleic acid isothermal amplification detection assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA using clinical samples from multiple centres. METHODS A reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted within 15 minutes at 39°C with portable instruments after addition of extracted RNA. The clinical performance of RT-RAA assay was evaluated using 947 clinical samples from five institutions in four regions of China; approved commercial fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) kits were used for parallel detection. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA were compared and analysed. RESULTS The RT-RAA test results of 926 samples were consistent with those of qRT-PCR (330 were positive, 596 negative); 21 results were inconsistent. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA was 97.63% (330/338, 95% confidence interval (CI) 95.21 to 98.90) and 97.87% (596/609, 95% CI 96.28 to 98.81) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 96.21% (330/343, 95% CI 93.45 to 97.88) and 98.68% (596/604, 95% CI 97.30 to 99.38) respectively. The total coincidence rate was 97.78% (926/947, 95% CI 96.80 to 98.70), and the kappa was 0.952 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS With comparable sensitivity and specificity to the commercial qRT-PCR kits, RT-RAA assay for SARS-CoV-2 exhibited the distinctive advantages of simplicity and rapidity in terms of operation and turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - K Cai
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - X He
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - X Shen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - J Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - J Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - J Xu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - F Qiu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - W Lei
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - L Cui
- NHC Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Y Ge
- NHC Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - T Wu
- NHC Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - H Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Y Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - J Yu
- The NO.1 Affiliated hospital of Shanxi Datong University, Institute of Brain Science-Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Datong 037000, China
| | - X Ma
- The NO.1 Affiliated hospital of Shanxi Datong University, Institute of Brain Science-Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Datong 037000, China; The Fifth People's Hospital of DaTong, Datong 037000, China
| | - H Shi
- Datong City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Datong 037000, China
| | - R Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - X Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - P Niu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - W Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - G Wu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - W Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - X Ma
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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12
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Niu P, Li L, Yin Z, Du J, Tan W, Huo Y. Speckle tracking echocardiography could detect the difference of pressure overload-induced myocardial remodelling between young and adult rats. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190808. [PMID: 32093537 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) provides useful information on regional and global left ventricular (LV) functions. The aim of the study is to investigate if STE-based strain analysis could detect the difference of pressure overload-induced myocardial remodelling between young and adult rats. Physiological, haemodynamic, histological measurements were performed post-operatively in young and adult rats with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) as well as the age-matched shams. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect the statistical difference of various measured parameters. Pressure overload decreased the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, dp/dtmax and |dp/dtmin|, but increased the LV end-diastolic (ED) pressure in adult rat hearts for nine weeks after TAC operation than those in young rat hearts. Pressure overload also resulted in different changes of peak strain and strain rate in the free wall, but similar changes in the interventricular septum of young and adult rat hearts. The changes in myocardial remodelling were confirmed by the histological analysis including the increased apoptosis rate of myocytes and collagen area ratio in the free wall of adult rat hearts of LV hypertrophy when compared with the young. Pressure overload alters myocardial components in different degrees between young and adult animals. STE-based strain analysis could detect the subtle difference of pressure overload-induced myocardial remodelling between young and adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Niu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Yin
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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13
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Bing F, Wang X, Shen W, Li L, Niu P, Chen Y, Zhang W, Tan W, Huo Y. Inhalation of Ultrafine Zinc Particles Impaired Cardiovascular Functions in Hypertension-Induced Heart Failure Rats With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:13. [PMID: 32039193 PMCID: PMC6993201 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is possible for inhalation of ultrafine particles to impair human health, its effect is not clear in patients with HFpEF. This study investigated cardiac and hemodynamic changes in hypertension-induced rats of HFpEF after inhaling ultrafine zinc particles for a while. Multiple experimental measurements were carried out in DSS rats fed with high salt (HS) and low salt (LS) diets as well as HS diet with the inhalation of ultrafine zinc particles (defined as HP). Cardiac strain and strain rate were quantified by the speckle tracking echocardiography. The pressure and flow waves were recorded in the carotid artery and abdominal aorta and analyzed by the models of Windkessel and Womersley types. HS and HP rats were found to show lower strains on endocardium and epicardium than LS rats. The inhalation of ultrafine zinc particles further reduced the strain in the longitudinal direction on the endocardium of rats with HFpEF, but had relatively small effects on the epicardium. The inhalation of ultrafine zinc particles resulted in the increase of systemic resistance and the decrease of total vascular compliance as well as the increased PWV and induced more severe vascular stiffening in rats with HFpEF. In summary, the inhalation of ultrafine zinc particles deteriorated local myocardial dysfunctions in the LV and the hemodynamic environment in peripheral arteries in rats of HFpEF. This study is of importance to understand the mechanisms of cardiovascular impairments owing to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbo Bing
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzeng Shen
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Niu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Zhuo X, Zhang C, Feng J, Ouyang S, Niu P, Dai Z. In-hospital, short-term and long-term adverse clinical outcomes observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus vs non-diabetes mellitus following percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis including 139,774 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14669. [PMID: 30813214 PMCID: PMC6408074 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have worse clinical outcomes in comparison to patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). However, the adverse clinical outcomes were not similarly reported in all the studies. Therefore, in order to standardize this issue, a meta-analysis including 139,774 patients was carried out to compare the in-hospital, short-term (<1 year) and long-term (≥1 year) adverse clinical outcomes in patients with and without T2DM following PCI. METHODS Electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and observational studies. The adverse clinical outcomes which were analyzed included mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), stroke, bleeding, target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stent thrombosis. Risk Ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to express the pooled effect on discontinuous variables and the analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total number of 139,774 participants were assessed. Results of this analysis showed that in-hospital mortality and MACEs were significantly higher in patients with T2DM (RR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.95-3.38; P = .00001) and (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10-1.73; P = .005) respectively. In addition, majority of the short and long-term adverse clinical outcomes were also significantly higher in the DM group as compared to the non-DM group. Stent thrombosis was significantly higher in the DM compared to the non-DM group during the short term follow-up period (RR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.16-2.18;P = .004). However, long-term stent thrombosis was similarly manifested. CONCLUSION According to this meta-analysis including a total number of 139,774 patients, following PCI, those patients with T2DM suffered more in-hospital, short as well as long-term adverse outcomes as reported by most of the Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational studies, compared to those patients without diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Hunan, Changsha
| | - Chuanzeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, the city of Tianjin, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Hunan, Changsha
| | - Shenyu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Hunan, Changsha
| | - Pei Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Hunan, Changsha
| | - Zhaohui Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Hunan, Changsha
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15
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Zhuo X, Zhuo B, Ouyang S, Niu P, Xiao M. Adverse clinical outcomes associated with double dose clopidogrel compared to the other antiplatelet regimens in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:54. [PMID: 30176938 PMCID: PMC6122215 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, several newer antiplatelet treatment strategies have been used in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Apart from the dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisting of aspirin and clopidogrel, double dose clopidogrel (DDC), triple antiplatelet therapy (TAPT) consisting of aspirin, clopidogrel and cilostazol and other newer antiplatelet agents have shown to be effective in different ways. In this analysis, we aimed to systematically compare the adverse clinical outcomes and the bleeding events which were observed when DDC was compared to the other antiplatelet regimens in patients with CAD. METHODS English publications comparing DDC with other antiplatelet regimens were searched from MEDLARS/MEDLINE, EMBASE, www.ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar. Adverse cardiovascular outcomes and bleeding events were the study endpoints. Statistical analysis was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software whereby odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS A total number of 23,065 participants were included. Results of this analysis showed major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), all-cause mortality, cardiac death, stroke, stent thrombosis, revascularization and myocardial infarction (MI) to have been similarly manifested in patients who were treated with DDC versus the control group with OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.78-1.22; p = 0.83, OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.77-1.17; p = 0.62, OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.79-1.20; p = 0.81, OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.65-1.48; p = 0.94, OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.40-1.75; p = 0.64, OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.52-1.49; p = 0.63, and OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.65-1.21; p = 0.45 respectively. Any minor and major bleedings were also similarly manifested. When DDC was compared to DAPT, no significant difference was observed in any bleeding event with OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 0.86-2.91; p = 0.14. Even when DDC was compared with either ticagrelor or prasugrel or TAPT, still no significant difference was observed in terms of bleeding outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CAD, adverse clinical outcomes were not significantly different when DDC was compared to the other antiplatelet regimens. In addition, bleeding events were also similarly manifested when DDC was compared to DAPT, TAPT or ticagrelor/prasugrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacology, People's Hospital of Laibin, Laibin, 546100, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenyu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mou Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Xu YJ, Wu SH, Liu HJ, Niu P, Shen WZ, Xu YJ, Yin XP, Zhang TL, Li XZ, Guo F, Niu XL, Zhu JS. Perfusion Computer Tomography Assessment of the Effect of Angiotensin II On Blood Flow Distribution in Rabbits with Intrarenal VX2 Tumors. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 47:97-106. [PMID: 29763886 DOI: 10.1159/000489752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Unlike other organs, which only have one set of capillary network, the renal microvasculature consists of two sets of capillary network series connected by efferent arterioles. Angiotensin II constricts the efferent glomerular artery. Hence, renal tumor blood flow (BF) distribution may be different from tumors in other organs. This study aims to investigate the effects of angiotensin II on the hemodynamics of intrarenal VX2 tumors using perfusion computed tomography(CT). METHODS Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: groups A (blank controls), group B (negative controls), and group C (angiotensin II-treated animals). Group B and C were established to the model of intrarenal VX2 tumors. Furthermore, perfusion CT of the kidney was performed in each group. Prior to perfusion CT scan in group C, the mean arterial blood was elevated to 150-160 mmHg by angiotensin II. The BF, blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), capillary permeability-surface area product (PS), and relative permeability-surface area product (RPS) of tumors and renal tissues were calculated. RESULTS Compared with normal renal cortex tissues in group A, the BF, BV and PS values of tumors in group B were significantly lower, MTT was prolonged and RPS increased. Compared with group B, only the RPS of these tumors increased from 83.23 ± 29.17% to 120.94 ± 31.84% by angiotensin II infusion. Angiotensin II significantly increased the RPS value of the renal cortex distant from the tumor (CDT) and the right renal cortex (RRC). CONCLUSIONS Perfusion CT can accurately observe the influence of angiotensin II on normal and tumor BF in kidneys. This clarifies the effect of angiotensin II on intrarenal tumor hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jin Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Song-Hong Wu
- Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Huai-Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pei Niu
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wen-Zeng Shen
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying-Jie Xu
- Department of Radiology, Wangdu County Hospital, Wangdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Tian-Le Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xue-Zhao Li
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Fei Guo
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Long Niu
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhu
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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17
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Yin X, Huang X, Li Q, Li L, Niu P, Cao M, Guo F, Li X, Tan W, Huo Y. Hepatic Hemangiomas Alter Morphometry and Impair Hemodynamics of the Abdominal Aorta and Primary Branches From Computer Simulations. Front Physiol 2018; 9:334. [PMID: 29674973 PMCID: PMC5895747 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The formation of hepatic hemangiomas (HH) is associated with VEGF and IL-7 that alter conduit arteries and small arterioles. To our knowledge, there are no studies to investigate the effects of HH on the hemodynamics in conduit arteries. The aim of the study is to perform morphometric and hemodynamic analysis in abdominal conduit arteries and bifurcations of HH patients and controls. Methods: Based on morphometry reconstructed from CT images, geometrical models were meshed with prismatic elements for the near wall region and tetrahedral and hexahedral elements for the core region. Simulations were performed for computation of the non-Newtonian blood flow using the Carreau-Yasuda model, based on which multiple hemodynamic parameters were determined. Results: There was an increase of the lumen size, diameter ratio, and curvature in the abdominal arterial tree of HH patients as compared with controls. This significantly increased the surface area ratio of low time-averaged wall shear stress (i.e., SAR-TAWSS =Surface areaTAWSS≤4 dynes·cm−2Total surface area× 100%) (24.1 ± 7.9 vs. 5 ± 6%, 11.6 ± 12.8 vs. < 0.1%, and 44.5 ± 9.2 vs. 21 ± 24% at hepatic bifurcations, common hepatic arteries, and abdominal aortas, respectively, between HH and control patients). Conclusions: Morphometric changes caused by HH significantly deteriorated the hemodynamic environment in abdominal conduit arteries and bifurcations, which could be an important risk factor for the incidence and progression of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Niu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Minglu Cao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Guo
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xuechao Li
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Abstract
Animal models are of importance to investigate basic mechanisms for ischemic heart failure (HF). The objective of the study was to create a rabbit model through multiple coronary artery ligations to investigate the postoperative structure‐function remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) and coronary arterial trees. Here, we hypothesize that the interplay of the degenerated coronary vasculature and increased ventricle wall stress relevant to cardiac fibrosis in vicinity of myocardial infarction (MI) precipitates the incidence and progression of ischemic HF. Echocardiographic measurements showed an approximately monotonic drop of fractional shortening and ejection fraction from 40% and 73% down to 28% and 58% as well as persistent enlargement of LV cavity and slight mitral regurgitation at postoperative 12 weeks. Micro‐CT and histological measurements showed that coronary vascular rarefaction and cardiac fibrosis relevant to inflammation occurred concurrently in vicinity of MI at postoperative 12 weeks albeit there was compensatory vascular growth at postoperative 6 weeks. These findings validate the proposed rabbit model and prove the hypothesis. The post‐MI rabbit model can serve as a reference to test various drugs for treatment of ischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Niu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Wenzeng Shen
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China .,Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular collateral diseases), Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Collateral Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China .,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
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Ou H, Cheng T, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ding Y, Zhen J, Shen W, Xu Y, Yang W, Niu P, Liu J, An Y, Liu Y, Shi L. Surface-adaptive zwitterionic nanoparticles for prolonged blood circulation time and enhanced cellular uptake in tumor cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:339-348. [PMID: 29079515 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, zwitterionic materials have been developed as alternatives to PEG for prolonging the circulation time of nanoparticles without triggering immune responses. However, zwitterionic coatings also hindered the interactions between nanoparticles and tumor cells, leading to less efficient uptake of nanoparticles by cancer cells. Such effect significantly limited the applications of zwitterionic materials for the purposes of drug delivery and the development to novel therapeutic agents. To overcome these issues, surface-adaptive mixed-shell micelles (MSMs) with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)/poly(β-amino ester) (PAE) heterogeneous surfaces were constructed. Owing to the synergistic effect of zwitterionic coatings and micro-phase-separated surfaces, PMPC mixed-shell micelles exhibited the improved blood circulation time compared to single-PEG-shell micelles (PEGSMs) and single-PMPC-shell micelles (PMPCSMs). Moreover, such MSMs can convert their surface to positively charged ones in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment, leading to a significant enhancement in cellular uptake of MSMs by tumor cells. This strategy demonstrated a general approach to enhance the cellular uptake of zwitterionic nanoparticles without compromising their long circulating capability, providing a practical method for improving the tumor-targeting efficiency of particulate drug delivery systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Herein we demonstrate a general strategy to integrate non-fouling zwitterionic surface on the nanoparticles without compromising their capability of tumor accumulation, by constructing a surface-adaptive mixed-shell micelles (MSMs) with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)/poly(β-amino ester) (PAE) heterogeneous surfaces. At the blood pH (7.4), PAE chains collapsed to the inner of the shell due to the deprotonation, and the forming micro-phase separation structure was synergistic with zwitterionic surface to prolong the circulation time of MSMs in the blood. While at the tumor sites, PAE was protonated, and the positively charged surface of MSMs enhanced cellular uptake. This self-assembly-based strategy is compatible to other zwitterionic materials, endowing a great flexibility for the construction of responsive drug delivery systems particularly to the novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Tangjian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Yuxun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jingru Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wenzeng Shen
- College of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Yingjin Xu
- College of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Wenzeng Yang
- College of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Pei Niu
- College of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Yingli An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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20
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Zhao L, Li X, Niu P, Li L. The effect of shear on the cytoskeleton remodeling and physiological performance of myocardium cells through Tmod1. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33347-33353. [PMID: 35548140 PMCID: PMC9086437 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05982a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: mechanical stimulation alters cell metabolism, but little is known about the effects of mechanical strain on the cytoskeleton of myocardium cells. This study was to investigate the changes of F-actin, a cytoskeleton protein of myocardium cells, and to provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the mechanism of myocardium-remodeling. Methods: we examined the effects of fluid shear stress on the Tmod1 expression and F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Then, after myocardial cells, silenced by si-Tmod1, were treated by fluid shear stress, the change of intracellular calcium ion concentration, ROS in myocardial cells, cytochrome C, and the amount of F-actin, LDH and T-SOD MDA were evaluated with laser light confocal microscopy, western blot, and ELISA, respectively. Results: fluid shear stress can induce F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling and upregulate Tmod1 expression. After myocardial cells were under the conditions of Tmod1 inhibition, shear stress can significantly reduce the increase of ROS levels and calcium content, decrease the release of cells cytochrome C and LDH, decrease the MDA content, and increase the level of T-SOD. Conclusion: in conclusion, shear treatment can remodel the cytoskeleton through Tmod1, and its mechanism may be related to scavenging oxidative stress products, ROS and MDA, the increase of intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and improvement in mitochondrial dysfunction. F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy was induced by shear stress in cardiac myocytes (A), and the F-actin content change was manifested in (B).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution
- Shenzhen
- China
- Institute of Life Science and Health
- College of Life Sciences and Technology
| | - Xiafei Li
- Institute of Life Science and Health
- College of Life Sciences and Technology
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- China
| | - Pei Niu
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution
- Shenzhen
- China
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science
- College of Engineering
| | - Li Li
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution
- Shenzhen
- China
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science
- College of Engineering
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21
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Liang D, An G, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Yang G, Li X, Niu P, Chen L, Tian L. The protective effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 against epithelial injury and matrix metalloproteases upregulation induced by silica in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:892-900. [PMID: 28838258 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116674527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on models with silica-induced and macrophage-mediated fibrosis and its possible mechanisms in vitro. METHODS Rat alveolar II epithelial (RLE-6TN) cells were incubated with the supernatant of mouse macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7) and treated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL silica. Using Western blotting, the epithelial markers (surfactant proteins-C and E-cadherin) and the mesenchymal markers (fibronectin (FN) and viminten (Vim)) were detected. After neutralizing the BMP-7, the progress of fibrosis was assessed by the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and collagen I, III protein levels as well as the Smad signaling pathway proteins, including phosphorylated Smad1/5(P-Smad1/5) and phosphorylated Smad2/3(P-Smad2/3). Collagen I was also identified by immunofluorescence and pretreated with SB-431542, LDN-193189, or anti-BMP-7-neutralizing antibody. In addition, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The model of RLE-6TN cells was established successfully, the expressions of Vim, FN, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were upregulated, while the concentration of silica is increased. Neutralizing BMP-7 stimulated the decrease of P-Smad1/5 and the increase of P-Smad2/3, as well as the collagen I, collagen III, FN, and Hyp via Smad signaling pathway. Furthermore, pretreated with LDN-193189 or anti-BMP-7-neutralizing antibody, the expression of collagen I was increased, yet it was decreased with SB-431542 intervention. CONCLUSION The activated BMP/Smad and suppressed transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathways could suppress silica-induced fibrosis via a MMP-dependent mechanism. BMP-7 is expected to be the optimized strategy of delaying the interstitial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liang
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - G An
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Zhu
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - G Yang
- 3 Oncology Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Li
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - P Niu
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Chen
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Tian
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Lim B, Niu P, Kim WI, Park CK, Kim KS. P6036 A polymorphism of CD163 gene is significantly associated with weight gain of the pigs under persistent PRRSV infection. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Huang X, Yin X, Xu Y, Jia X, Li J, Niu P, Shen W, Kassab GS, Tan W, Huo Y. Morphometric and hemodynamic analysis of atherosclerotic progression in human carotid artery bifurcations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H639-47. [PMID: 26747497 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00464.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although atherosclerosis has been widely investigated at carotid artery bifurcation, there is a lack of morphometric and hemodynamic data at different stages of the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the lesion difference in patients with carotid artery disease compared with healthy control subjects. The three-dimensional (3D) geometry of carotid artery bifurcation was reconstructed from computed tomography angiography (CTA) images of Chinese control subjects ( n = 30) and patients with carotid artery disease ( n = 30). We defined two novel vector angles (i.e., angles 1 and 2) that were tangential to the reconstructed contour of the 3D vessel. The best-fit diameter was computed along the internal carotid artery (ICA) center line. Hemodynamic analysis was performed at various bifurcations. Patients with stenotic vessels have larger angles 1 and 2 (151 ± 11° and 42 ± 20°) and smaller diameters of the external carotid artery (ECA) (4.6 ± 0.85 mm) compared with control subjects (144 ± 13° and 36 ± 16°, 5.2 ± 0.57 mm) although there is no significant difference in the common carotid artery (CCA) (7.1 ± 1.2 vs. 7.5 ± 1.0 mm, P = 0.18). In particular, all patients with carotid artery disease have a stenosis at the proximal ICA (including both sinus and carina regions), while 20% of patients have stenosis at the middle ICA and 20% have stenosis expansion to the entire cervical ICA. Morphometric and hemodynamic analyses suggest that atherosclerotic plaques initiate at both sinus and carina regions of ICA and progress downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yingjin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinwei Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Function, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Pei Niu
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenzeng Shen
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ghassan S. Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California; and
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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24
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Chen X, Niu P, Niu X, Shen W, Duan F, Ding L, Wei X, Gong Y, Huo Y, Kassab GS, Tan W, Huo Y. Growth, ageing and scaling laws of coronary arterial trees. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20150830. [PMID: 26701881 PMCID: PMC4707856 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-known design principles of vascular systems, it is unclear whether the vascular arterial tree obeys some scaling constraints during normal growth and ageing in a given species. Based on the micro-computed tomography measurements of coronary arterial trees in mice at different ages (one week to more than eight months), we show a constant exponent of 3/4, but age-dependent scaling coefficients in a length-volume scaling law (Lc=K(length-volume) · Vc³/⁴; Lc is the crown length, Vc is the crown volume, K(length-volume) is the age-dependent scaling coefficient) during normal growth and ageing. The constant 3/4 exponent represents the self-similar fractal-like branching pattern (i.e. basic mechanism to regulate the development of vascular trees within a species), whereas the age-dependent scaling coefficients characterize the structural growth or resorption of vascular trees during normal growth or ageing, respectively. This study enhances the understanding of age-associated changes in vascular structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Niu
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Niu
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzeng Shen
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Duan
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ding
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiliang Wei
- College of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wang LP, Niu H, Xia YF, Han YL, Niu P, Wang HY, Zhou QL. Prognostic significance of serum sMICA levels in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:2226-2230. [PMID: 26166647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The soluble form of major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) is released from the surface of tumor cells of epithelial origin. Serum levels of soluble MHC class I-related chain A (sMICA) is related with the prognosis of various types of cancer. However, there are studies on the prognostic value of sMICA in non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC). In this study, we retrospectively investigated the relationship between sMICA levels and clinical features of NSCLC, and we assessed the prognostic value of sMICA in NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS sMICA levels were detected in 207 NSCLC patients and 207 normal control individuals with using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its associations with clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Survival curves were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests. Univariate Cox regression was used on each clinical covariate to examine its influence on patient survival. Multivariate models were based on step-wise addition. RESULTS Serum sMICA levels were significantly higher in NSCLC patients than in healthy controls (mean ± SD [pg/ml], 143.52 ± 27.6 vs. 32.4 ± 7.53 p < 0.01) and were significantly correlated with TNM stage, poorer differentiation, lymph node metastases and distant metastases. Survival analysis showed that a low sMICA level had longer survival time than those with high serum sMICA. Multivariate analyses indicated that high sMICA proved to be an independent predictor of survival time. CONCLUSIONS Serum sMICA level in NSCLC patients is associated with metastasis. It is an indicator of a poorer survival probability. Serum sMICA levels may be an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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26
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Yang G, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Gao A, Niu P, Chen L, Tian L. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by silica. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:69-77. [PMID: 25733726 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115577550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process in the pulmonary fibrosis. It has been reported that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) was able to reverse EMT in proximal tubular cells. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that EMT contributes to silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and BMP-7 inhibits EMT in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Progressive silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat was used as a model of silicosis. Epithelial and mesenchymal markers were measured from rat fibrotic lungs. Then the effects of BMP-7 on the EMT were further confirmed in A549 cells. There are increases of vimentin as a mesenchymal marker and decreases of E-cadherin as an epithelial marker in the silica-exposed rat lungs, which is in agreement with the A549 cells data. However, BMP-7 treatment significantly reduced expression of vimentin in the rat pulmonary fibrosis model and in A549 cells. In conclusion, EMT contributes to silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Meanwhile, the treatment of BMP-7 can inhibit silica-induced EMT in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Z Zhu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Y Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - A Gao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - P Niu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Tian
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Niu P, Zhao S, Fan B. Identification of gene variation within porcine PRDM16 gene and its association with fat and loin muscle area. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v39i4.51131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Niu Q, Niu P, Zhang Q, Wang L, He S, Di Gioacchino M, Boscolo P. The Role of Alteration of Glutamic Acid and Gaba in Learning and Memory Impairment of Rats Induced by Aluminum. EUR J INFLAMM 2005. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0500300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum exposure has been reported to be related to learning and memory impairment. This study examines the role of aluminum in alterating amino acids of the cerebral cortex of rats. The Step-down type tests were performed to investigate the alteration of learning and memory of rats induced by aluminum. The amino acids in the cerebral cortex were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HLPC). Results show that the amounts of aluminum in the cerebral cortex increased by 5.0mgAl3+/(Kg·BW) group and 10.0mg Al3+/(Kg·BW) group. In the Step-down type test, the EN1 increased significantly in the Al3+ 10.0mg/(Kg·BW) group. The latency shortened obviously and the EN2 increased significantly in the 10.0mg Al3+/(Kg·BW) group. The content of Glu (Glutamic acid) increased but the content of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) decreased significantly in the 10.0mg Al3+/(Kg·BW) group. This present study shows evidence that the disorder of amino acid neurotransmitters system plays an important role in the impairment of learning and memory of rats induced by aluminum.
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Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a novel vasodilating peptide involved in the regulation of circulatory homeostasis and implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that AM also possesses angiogenic properties. Using laser Doppler perfusion imaging, we found that AM stimulated recovery of blood flow to the affected limb in the mouse hind-limb ischemia model. AM exerted this effect in part by promoting expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ischemic limb, and immunostaining for CD31 showed the enhanced flow to reflect increased collateral capillary density. By enhancing tumor angiogenesis, AM also promoted the growth of subcutaneously transplanted sarcoma 180 tumor cells. However, heterozygotic AM knockout mice (AM+/-) showed significantly less blood flow recovery with less collateral capillary development and VEGF expression than their wild-type littermates. Similarly, mice treated with AM22-52, a competitive inhibitor of AM, showed reduced capillary development, and growth of sarcoma 180 tumors was inhibited in AM+/- and AM22-52-treated mice. Notably, administration of VEGF or AM rescued blood flow recovery and capillary formation in AM+/- and AM22-52-treated mice. In cocultures of endothelial cells and fibroblasts, AM enhanced VEGF-induced capillary formation, whereas in cultures of endothelial cells AM enhanced VEGF-induced Akt activation. These results show that AM possesses novel angiogenic properties mediated by its ability to enhance VEGF expression and Akt activity. This may make AM a useful therapeutic tool for relieving ischemia; conversely, inhibitors of AM could be useful for clinical management of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iimuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Iimuro S, Shindo T, Niu P, Iwata H, Takeda N, Nagai R. NOVEL ANGIOGENIC PROPERTIES OF ADRENOMEDULLIN IN ISCHEMIA, TUMOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. Cardiovasc Pathol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2004.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Niu P, Shindo T, Iwata H, Iimuro S, Takeda N, Zhang Y, Ebihara A, Suematsu Y, Kangawa K, Hirata Y, Nagai R. Protective effects of endogenous adrenomedullin on cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and renal damage. Circulation 2004; 109:1789-94. [PMID: 14967720 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000118466.47982.cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenomedullin (AM) is a novel vasodilating peptide thought to have important effects on cardiovascular function. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of endogenous AM in the cardiovascular system using AM knockout mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice heterozygous for an AM-null mutation (AM+/-) and their wild-type littermates were subjected to aortic constriction or angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. The resultant cardiovascular stress led to increases in heart weight/body weight ratios, left ventricular wall thickness, and perivascular fibrosis, as well as expression of genes encoding angiotensinogen, ACE, transforming growth factor-beta, collagen type I, brain natriuretic peptide, and c-fos. In addition, renal damage characterized by decreased creatinine clearance with glomerular sclerosis was noted. In all cases, the effects were significantly more pronounced in AM+/- mice. Hearts from adult mice subjected to aortic constriction showed enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, as did cardiac myocytes from neonates treated acutely with Ang II. Again the effect was more pronounced in AM+/- mice, which showed increases in cardiac myocyte size, protein synthesis, and fibroblast proliferation. ERK activation was suppressed by protein kinase C inhibition to a greater degree in AM+/- myocytes. In addition, treatment of cardiac myocytes with recombinant AM suppressed Ang II-induced ERK activation via a protein kinase A-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous AM exerts a protective effect against stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy via protein kinase C- and protein kinase A-dependent regulation of ERK activation. AM may thus represent a useful new tool for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenomedullin
- Angiotensin II/toxicity
- Angiotensinogen/biosynthesis
- Angiotensinogen/genetics
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal
- Cardiomegaly/etiology
- Cardiomegaly/genetics
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Cardiomegaly/physiopathology
- Collagen Type I/biosynthesis
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Constriction
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Lethal
- Genes, fos
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/etiology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/physiopathology
- Heterozygote
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/biosynthesis
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/genetics
- Peptides/deficiency
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/physiology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/biosynthesis
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/biosynthesis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Ventricular Remodeling/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Niu P, Shindo T, Iwata H, Ebihara A, Suematsu Y, Zhang Y, Takeda N, Iimuro S, Hirata Y, Nagai R. Accelerated Cardiac Hypertrophy and Renal Damage Induced by Angiotensin II in Adrenomedullin Knockout Mice. Hypertens Res 2003; 26:731-6. [PMID: 14620929 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.26.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent vasodilating and natriuretic peptide that is thought to play important roles in cardiovascular function. Whether or not AM is involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and renal damage remains controversial. In the present study, using heterozygote knockout mice of the AM gene (AM +/-), we analyzed the physiological and pathological roles of the endogenous AM gene. There were no differences in body size or heart and kidney weight compared with wild-type (AM +/+) mice. However, angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion resulted in more severe cardiac hypertrophy in AM +/- mice. The increases in the heart weight-to-body weight ratio and wall thickness of the left ventricle were more prominent in the AM +/- mice. Renal dysfunction characterized by decreased creatinine clearance (C(cr)) was more severe in AM +/- after Ang II infusion. These results suggest that AM plays critical roles in the defense mechanism against cardiac hypertrophy and renal dysfunction. An improved understanding of these roles may pave the way to a novel pharmacological approach for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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33
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Niu P, Yang K. The 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in human placental microsomes is inactivated by zinc and the sulfhydryl modifying reagent N-ethylmaleimide. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002; 1594:364-71. [PMID: 11904232 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Proper glucocorticoid exposure in utero is vital to normal fetal organ growth and maturation. The human placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (11 beta-HSD2) catalyzes the unidirectional conversion of cortisol to its inert metabolite cortisone, thereby controlling fetal exposure to maternal cortisol. The present study examined the effect of zinc and the relatively specific sulfhydryl modifying reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) on the activity of 11 beta-HSD2 in human placental microsomes. Enzyme activity, reflected by the rate of conversion of cortisol to cortisone, was inactivated by NEM (IC(50)=10 microM), while the activity was markedly increased by the sulfhydryl protecting reagent dithiothreitol (DTT; EC(50)=1 mM). Furthermore, DTT blocked the NEM-induced inhibition of 11 beta-HSD2 activity. Taken together, these results suggested that the sulfhydryl (SH) group(s) of the microsomal 11 beta-HSD2 may be critical for enzyme activity. Zn(2+) also inactivated enzyme activity (IC(50)=2.5 microM), but through a novel mechanism not involving the SH groups. In addition, prior incubation of human placental microsomes with NAD(+) (cofactor) but not cortisol (substrate) resulted in a concentration-dependent increase (EC(50)=8 microM) in 11 beta-HSD2 activity, indicating that binding of NAD(+) to the microsomal 11 beta-HSD2 facilitated the conversion of cortisol to cortisone. Thus, this finding substantiates the previously proposed concept that a compulsorily ordered ternary complex mechanism may operate for 11 beta-HSD2, with NAD(+) binding first, followed by a conformational change allowing cortisol binding with high affinity. Collectively, the present results suggest that cellular mechanisms of SH group modification and intracellular levels of Zn(2+) may play an important role in regulation of placental 11 beta-HSD2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Niu
- CIHR Group in Fetal and Neonatal Health and Development, Child Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care London, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Uozumi H, Hiroi Y, Zou Y, Takimoto E, Toko H, Niu P, Shimoyama M, Yazaki Y, Nagai R, Komuro I. gp130 plays a critical role in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:23115-9. [PMID: 11262406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100814200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
gp130, a common receptor for the interleukin 6 family, plays pivotal roles in growth and survival of cardiac myocytes. In the present study, we examined the role of gp130 in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy using transgenic (TG) mice, which express a dominant negative mutant of gp130 in the heart under the control of alpha myosin heavy chain promoter. TG mice were apparently healthy and fertile. There were no differences in body weight and heart weight between TG mice and littermate wild type (WT) mice. Pressure overload-induced increases in the heart weight/body weight ratio, ventricular wall thickness, and cross-sectional areas of cardiac myocytes were significantly smaller in TG mice than in WT mice. Northern blot analysis revealed that pressure overload-induced up-regulation of brain natriuretic factor gene and down-regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 gene were attenuated in TG mice. Pressure overload activated ERKs and STAT3 in the heart of WT mice, whereas pressure overload-induced activation of STAT3, but not of ERKs, was suppressed in TG mice. These results suggest that gp130 plays a critical role in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy possibly through the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Uozumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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35
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Abstract
Signal transduction by interleukin-12 (IL-12) requires phosphorylation and activation of STAT4. Direct interaction of the SH2 domain of STAT4 with a phosphotyrosine residue in the IL-12 receptor has been proposed to be required for the subsequent STAT4 phosphorylation. The IL-12 receptor beta2 subunit contains three tyrosine residues in its cytoplasmic domain. To test the hypothesis that one of these tyrosines is involved in binding STAT4, phosphopeptides were synthesized according to the amino acid sequences surrounding each of these tyrosine residues. Only the phosphopeptide containing pTyr800 strongly bound to STAT4 in a cell-free binding assay. When this phosphopeptide was introduced into TALL-104 cells, it blocked IL-12-induced STAT4 phosphorylation by competing with the IL-12 receptor for binding to STAT4. A series of alanine replacements was performed in this phosphopeptide to elucidate which amino acids surrounding the pTyr800 residue are critical for STAT4 binding. To summarize, the site on the IL-12 receptor which binds STAT4 can be described as -T-X-X-G-pY(800)-L-, where the core G-pY(800)-L motif is critical for the binding; the threonine at the pY-4 position has only a minor contribution and X represents amino acids not critical for the binding. These results demonstrate that only a small region of the IL-12 receptor is critically involved in binding STAT4 and suggest the feasibility that small molecule inhibitors could be identified which interfere with IL-12 signal transduction for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Yao
- Pharmaceutical Products Division, Pharmaceutical Discovery, Abbott Park, Illinois, 60064, USA.
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36
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Sham HL, Kempf DJ, Molla A, Marsh KC, Kumar GN, Chen CM, Kati W, Stewart K, Lal R, Hsu A, Betebenner D, Korneyeva M, Vasavanonda S, McDonald E, Saldivar A, Wideburg N, Chen X, Niu P, Park C, Jayanti V, Grabowski B, Granneman GR, Sun E, Japour AJ, Leonard JM, Plattner JJ, Norbeck DW. ABT-378, a highly potent inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus protease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:3218-24. [PMID: 9835517 PMCID: PMC106025 DOI: 10.1128/aac.42.12.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/1998] [Accepted: 09/11/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The valine at position 82 (Val 82) in the active site of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease mutates in response to therapy with the protease inhibitor ritonavir. By using the X-ray crystal structure of the complex of HIV protease and ritonavir, the potent protease inhibitor ABT-378, which has a diminished interaction with Val 82, was designed. ABT-378 potently inhibited wild-type and mutant HIV protease (Ki = 1.3 to 3.6 pM), blocked the replication of laboratory and clinical strains of HIV type 1 (50% effective concentration [EC50], 0.006 to 0.017 microM), and maintained high potency against mutant HIV selected by ritonavir in vivo (EC50, =0. 06 microM). The metabolism of ABT-378 was strongly inhibited by ritonavir in vitro. Consequently, following concomitant oral administration of ABT-378 and ritonavir, the concentrations of ABT-378 in rat, dog, and monkey plasma exceeded the in vitro antiviral EC50 in the presence of human serum by >50-fold after 8 h. In healthy human volunteers, coadministration of a single 400-mg dose of ABT-378 with 50 mg of ritonavir enhanced the area under the concentration curve of ABT-378 in plasma by 77-fold over that observed after dosing with ABT-378 alone, and mean concentrations of ABT-378 exceeded the EC50 for >24 h. These results demonstrate the potential utility of ABT-378 as a therapeutic intervention against AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Sham
- Departments of Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA.
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37
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Hsu A, Granneman GR, Witt G, Locke C, Denissen J, Molla A, Valdes J, Smith J, Erdman K, Lyons N, Niu P, Decourt JP, Fourtillan JB, Girault J, Leonard JM. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:898-905. [PMID: 9145841 PMCID: PMC163822 DOI: 10.1128/aac.41.5.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir were investigated in four groups of human immunodeficiency virus-positive male subjects (with 16 subjects per group) under nonfasting conditions; a 3:1 ritonavir:placebo ratio was used. Ritonavir was given at 200 (group I), 300 (group II), 400 (group III), or 500 (group IV) mg every 12 h for 2 weeks. The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir were moderately dose dependent, with the clearance for group IV (6.8 +/- 2.7 liters/h) being an average of 32% lower than that for group I (10.0 +/- 3.2 liters/h). First-pass metabolism should be minimal for ritonavir. The functional half-life, estimated from peak and trough concentrations, were similar among the dosage groups, averaging 3.1 and 5.7 h after the morning and evening doses, respectively. The area under the concentration-time curve at 24 h (AUC24) and apparent terminal-phase elimination rate constant remained relatively time invariant, but predose concentrations decreased 30 to 70% over time. Concentration-dependent autoinduction is the most likely mechanism for the time-dependent pharmacokinetics. The Km and initial maximum rate of metabolism (Vmax) values estimated from population pharmacokinetic modeling (nonlinear mixed-effects models) were 3.43 microg/ml and 46.9 mg/h, respectively. The group IV Vmax increased to 68 mg/h after 2 weeks. The maximum concentration of ritonavir in serum (Cmax) and AUC after the evening doses were an average of 30 to 40% lower than the values after the morning doses, while the concentration at 12 h was an average of 32% lower than the predose concentration, probably due to protracted absorption. Less than 2% of the dose was eliminated unchanged in the urine. Triglyceride levels increased from the levels at the baseline, and the levels were correlated with baseline triglyceride levels and AUC, Cmax, or predose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hsu
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500, USA
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38
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Molla A, Korneyeva M, Gao Q, Vasavanonda S, Schipper PJ, Mo HM, Markowitz M, Chernyavskiy T, Niu P, Lyons N, Hsu A, Granneman GR, Ho DD, Boucher CA, Leonard JM, Norbeck DW, Kempf DJ. Ordered accumulation of mutations in HIV protease confers resistance to ritonavir. Nat Med 1996; 2:760-6. [PMID: 8673921 DOI: 10.1038/nm0796-760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the HIV protease gene from the plasma of HIV-infected patients revealed substitutions at nine different codons selected in response to monotherapy with the protease inhibitor ritonavir. Mutants at valine-82, although insufficient to confer resistance, appeared first in most patients. Significant phenotypic resistance required multiple mutations in HIV protease, which emerged subsequently in an ordered, stepwise fashion. The appearance of resistance mutations was delayed in patients with higher plasma levels of ritonavir. Early mutants retained susceptibility to structurally diverse protease inhibitors, suggesting that dual protease inhibitor therapy might increase the duration of viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Molla
- Department of Anti-Infective Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA
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Sun B, Wang X, Song Q, Wang Y, Xue L, Wang C, Quan Z, Zhang Y, Niu P. Prospective studies on the relationship between the 50 g glucose challenge test and pregnant outcome. Chin Med J (Engl) 1995; 108:910-3. [PMID: 8728943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 50 g oral glucose challenge test (50gGCT) was performed on 622 pregnant women, and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75gGTT) was further done on subjects with screening tests value of > or = 7.78 mmol/L. The results showed that there were 16.56% (103/622) women with screening value of > or = 7.78 mmol/L, among whom, 32 were identified as having gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) and 12, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by confirmatory test of 75gGTT. The sensitivity of 50gGCT was 42.72%(44/103). The incidences of edema-proteinuria-hypertension syndrome (EPH-syndrome), premature rupture of membranes, fetal macrosomia, operative deliveries and perinatal morbidity were higher in women with GIGT/GDM than in women without GIGT/GDM. It suggests that 50gGCT is an ideal method of screening for GDM and should be performed on all pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital
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Bookstein C, DePaoli AM, Xie Y, Niu P, Musch MW, Rao MC, Chang EB. Na+/H+ exchangers, NHE-1 and NHE-3, of rat intestine. Expression and localization. J Clin Invest 1994; 93:106-13. [PMID: 8282777 PMCID: PMC293742 DOI: 10.1172/jci116933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Na-H exchange (NHE) is one of the major non-nutritive Na absorptive pathways of the intestine and kidney. Of the four NHE isoforms that have been cloned, only one, NHE-3, appears to be epithelial specific. We have examined the regional and cellular expression of NHE-3 in the rat intestine. NHE-3 message in the small intestine was more abundant in the villus fractions of the small intestine than in the crypts. Analysis of NHE-3 mRNA distribution in the gut by in situ hybridization demonstrated epithelial cell specificity, as well as expression preferential to villus cells. NHE-1 message, in contrast, was ubiquitous, with slightly greater expression exhibited in the differentiating crypt and lower villus cells of the small intestine. Isoform-specific NHE-3 fusion protein antibody identified a 97-kD membrane protein in the upper villus cells of the small intestine, which was exclusively localized in the apical membrane. In contrast, antibody previously developed against the COOH-terminal region of human NHE-1 (McSwine, R. L., G. Babnigg, M. W. Musch, E. B. Chang, and M. L. Villereal, manuscript submitted for publication) identified a 110-kD basolateral membrane protein. These data suggest that unlike NHE-1, which probably serves a "housekeeping" function, NHE-3 may be involved in vectorial Na transport by the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bookstein
- Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Fox JE, Cornette J, Deleuze G, Dyson W, Giersak C, Niu P, Zapata J, McChesney J. The formation, isolation, and biological activity of a cytokinin 7-glucoside. Plant Physiol 1973; 52:627-32. [PMID: 16658619 PMCID: PMC366560 DOI: 10.1104/pp.52.6.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine, is converted to its 7-glucoside in intact seedlings, organ slices, and tissue cultures from several plants. The ribonucleoside and 5'-ribonucleotide appear transiently, and the general metabolic sequence seems to be nearly identical in the four plant species thus far studied. The glucoside persists for long periods in plant tissues, while all other forms of the cytokinin are rapidly metabolized and disappear within a few hours. A procedure for the isolation in pure form of the glucoside is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Fox
- Departments of Biochemistry, Botany, and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044
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