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Wong SK. A Review of Current Evidence on the Relationship between Phosphate Metabolism and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:4525. [PMID: 36364791 PMCID: PMC9656201 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus, present as phosphate in biological systems, is an essential mineral for various biological activities and biochemical processes. Numerous studies have indicated that disturbed phosphate balance may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no consistent result was found on the association between phosphorus intake and serum phosphate concentration with MetS. It is believed that both positive and negative impacts of phosphorus/phosphate co-exist in parallel during MetS condition. Reduced phosphate level contributed to the development of obesity and hyperglycaemia. Low phosphate is believed to compromise energy production, reduce exercise capacity, increase food ingestion, and impair glucose metabolism. On the other hand, the effects of phosphorus/phosphate on hypertension are rather complex depending on the source of phosphorus and subjects' health conditions. Phosphorus excess activates sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and induces hormonal changes under pathological conditions, contributing to the blood pressure-rising effects. For lipid metabolism, adequate phosphate content ensures a balanced lipid profile through regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis, oxidation, and bile acid excretion. In conclusion, phosphate metabolism serves as a potential key feature for the development and progression of MetS. Dietary phosphorus and serum phosphate level should be under close monitoring for the management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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2
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Yoshioka M, Kosaki K, Matsui M, Okabe N, Saito C, Yamagata K, Kuro-O M, Maeda S. Association of circulating calciprotein particle levels with skeletal muscle mass and strength in middle-aged and older adults. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:900-910. [PMID: 35241816 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are tiny mineral-protein aggregates consisting of calcium-phosphate and fetuin-A. Recent studies have suggested that CPPs may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and arteriosclerosis. Reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength reportedly contribute independently to increased serum phosphate levels. This finding suggests that reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength can endogenously induce an increase in circulating CPP levels. Therefore, we investigated the potential association between circulating CPP levels and skeletal muscle mass and strength in middle-aged and older adults. One hundred eighty-two middle-aged and older adults (age, 46-83 years) were included in this cross-sectional study (UMIN000034741). Circulating CPP levels were measured using the gel filtration method. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with a tetrapolar eight-point tactile electrode system. The skeletal muscle mass index was calculated from appendicular skeletal muscle mass and height. Handgrip and knee extension strengths were used as measures of skeletal muscle strength. The skeletal muscle mass index was negatively correlated with circulating CPP levels (r = -0.31; P < 0.05). This association remained significant after adjustment for potential covariates (β = -0.34; P < 0.05). In contrast, skeletal muscle strength, represented by handgrip strength and knee extension strength, was not significantly associated with circulating CPP levels. In middle-aged and older adults, a lower skeletal muscle mass index was independently associated with higher circulating CPP levels. The present results suggest that maintaining skeletal muscle mass may prevent an increase in circulating CPP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kouzimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8472, Japan
| | - Keisei Kosaki
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsui
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kouzimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8472, Japan
| | - Naoya Okabe
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Chie Saito
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yamagata
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,R&D Center for Smart Wellness City Policies, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
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Mendes Garrido Abregú F, Caniffi C, Arranz CT, Tomat AL. Impact of Zinc Deficiency During Prenatal and/or Postnatal Life on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:833-845. [PMID: 35167660 PMCID: PMC9156367 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest findings, from animal models and clinical studies, regarding the cardiovascular and metabolic consequences in adult life of zinc deficiency (ZD) during prenatal and early postnatal life. The effect of zinc supplementation (ZS) and new insights about sex differences in the phenotype and severity of cardiovascular and metabolic alterations are also discussed. Zinc has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties and regulates the activity of enzymes involved in regulation of the metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Maternal ZD is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (LBW). Breast-fed preterm infants are at risk of ZD due to lower zinc uptake during fetal life and reduced gut absorption capacity. ZS is most likely to increase growth in preterm infants and survival in LBW infants in countries where ZD is prevalent. Studies performed in rats revealed that moderate ZD during prenatal and/or early postnatal growth is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, cardiovascular and renal alterations, obesity, and diabetes in adult life. An adequate zinc diet during postweaning life does not always prevent the cardiovascular and metabolic alterations induced by zinc restriction during fetal and lactation periods. Male rats are more susceptible to this injury than females, and some of the mechanisms involved include: 1) alterations in organogenesis, 2) activation of oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory processes, 3) dysfunction of nitric oxide and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, 4) changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, and 5) adipose tissue dysfunction. Safeguarding body zinc requirements during pregnancy, lactation, and growth periods could become a new target in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate the efficacy of ZS during early stages of growth to prevent the development of these diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Mendes Garrido Abregú
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Caniffi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina T Arranz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Zhang JY, You HZ, Wang MJ, Zhang Q, Dong XY, Liu JF, Chen J. High-phosphorus diet controlled for sodium elevates blood pressure in healthy adults via volume expansion. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:849-859. [PMID: 33486869 PMCID: PMC8678725 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Whether increasing exposure to dietary phosphorus can lead to adverse clinical outcomes in healthy people is not clear. In this open‐label prospective cross‐over study, we are to explore the impact of various dietary phosphorus intake on mineral, sodium metabolisms and blood pressure in young healthy adults. There were 3 separate study periods of 5 days, each with a 5 days washout period between different diets interventions. Six young healthy male volunteers with normal nutrition status were recruited in Phase I Clinical Research Center and sequentially exposed to the following diets: (a) normal‐phosphorus diet (NPD): 1500 mg/d, (b) low‐phosphorus diet (LPD): 500 mg/d, (c) high‐phosphorus diet (HPD): 2300 mg/d. HPD induced a significant rise in daily average serum phosphate (1.47 ± 0.02 mmol/L [4.56 ± 0.06 mg/dl]) compared to NPD (1.34 ± 0.02 mmol/L [4.15 ± 0.06 mg/dL]) and LPD (1.17 ± 0.02 mmol/L [3.63 ± 0.06 mg/dL]) (p < .05). Daily average levels of serum parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 in HPD were significantly higher, and serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was remarkably lower than those in LPD. HPD induced a significant decrease in daily average serum aldosterone and an increase in daily average atrial natriuretic peptide level compared to LPD. The 24‐hour urine volume in HPD subjects was less than that in LPD subjects. HPD significantly increased daily average systolic blood pressure by 6.02 ± 1.24 mm Hg compared to NPD and by 8.58 ± 1.24mm Hg compared to LPD (p < .05). Our study provides the first evidence that 5‐day high‐phosphorus diet can induce elevation in SBP in young healthy adults, which may due to volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Nutrition, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Zhou You
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Jing Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yu Dong
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Fang Liu
- Division of Nutrition, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Proteomic identification of the proteins related to cigarette smoke-induced cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18825. [PMID: 33139745 PMCID: PMC7608641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to determine the effects of 2-month exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) on proteins in the left ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to identify the molecular targets associated with the pathogenesis/progression of CS-induced cardiac hypertrophy. SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were exposed to CS at low (2 puffs/min for 40 min) or high dose (2 puffs/min for 120 min), 5 days a week for 2 months. Using the two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry, we compared differences in the expression levels of proteins in the whole left ventricles induced by long-term smoking. High-dose CS mainly caused cardiac hypertrophy in SHR, but not WKY, but no change in blood pressure. Proteomic analysis identified 30 protein spots with significant alterations, with 14 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated proteins in the left ventricles of CS-exposed SHR, compared with control SHR. Among these proteins, two members of the heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP20) showed significant up-regulation in the left ventricles of CS high-dose SHR, and the results were confirmed by western blot analysis. Our findings suggested that HSPs play an important role in regulation of CS-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Vogt I, Haffner D, Leifheit-Nestler M. FGF23 and Phosphate-Cardiovascular Toxins in CKD. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E647. [PMID: 31698866 PMCID: PMC6891626 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and phosphate are highly associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the kidney function declines, serum phosphate levels rise and subsequently induce the secretion of the phosphaturic hormone FGF23. In early stages of CKD, FGF23 prevents the increase of serum phosphate levels and thereby attenuates phosphate-induced vascular calcification, whereas in end-stage kidney disease, FGF23 fails to maintain phosphate homeostasis. Both hyperphosphatemia and elevated FGF23 levels promote the development of hypertension, vascular calcification, and left ventricular hypertrophy by distinct mechanisms. Therefore, FGF23 and phosphate are considered promising therapeutic targets to improve the cardiovascular outcome in CKD patients. Previous therapeutic strategies are based on dietary and pharmacological reduction of serum phosphate, and consequently FGF23 levels. However, clinical trials proving the effects on the cardiovascular outcome are lacking. Recent publications provide evidence for new promising therapeutic interventions, such as magnesium supplementation and direct targeting of phosphate and FGF receptors to prevent toxicity of FGF23 and hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (I.V.); (D.H.)
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to review the current literature related to the role of inorganic phosphate in the pathogenesis of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS An increasing number of publications have revealed a detrimental role of inorganic phosphate, which is commonly used as a flavor enhancer or preservative in the processed food, in promoting hypertension in otherwise healthy individuals. Animal experimental data indicate that dietary phosphate excess engages multiple mechanisms that promote hypertension, including overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased vascular stiffness, impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, as well as increased renal sodium absorption or renal injury. These effects may be explained by direct effects of high extracellular phosphate levels or increase in phosphaturic hormones such as fibroblast growth factor 23, or downregulation of klotho, a transmembrane protein expressed in multiple organs which possess antiaging property. SUMMARY Dietary phosphate, particularly inorganic phosphate, is an emerging risk factor for hypertension which is ubiquitous in the western diet. Large randomized clinical trials are needed to determine if lowering dietary phosphate content constitutes an effective nonpharmacologic intervention for prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Kyul Kim
- Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Masaki Mizuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Health Care Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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8
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Ashraf UM, Sanchez ER, Kumarasamy S. COUP-TFII revisited: Its role in metabolic gene regulation. Steroids 2019; 141:63-69. [PMID: 30481528 PMCID: PMC6435262 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor family of transcriptional regulators. Although hormonal activation of COUP-TFII has not yet been identified, rodent genetic models have uncovered vital and diverse roles for COUP-TFII in biological processes. These include control of cardiac function and angiogenesis, reproduction, neuronal development, cell fate and organogenesis. Recently, an emerging body of evidence has demonstrated COUP-TFII involvement in various metabolic systems such as adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, hepatic gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion, and regulation of blood pressure. The potential relevance of these observations to human pathology has been corroborated by the identification of single nucleotide polymorphism in the human COUP-TFII promoter controlling insulin sensitivity. Of particular interest to metabolism is the ability of COUP-TFII to interact with the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR). This interaction is known to control gluconeogenesis, principally through direct binding of COUP-TFII/GR complexes to the promoters of gluconeogenic enzyme genes. However, it is likely that this interaction is critical to other metabolic processes, since GR, like COUP-TFII, is an essential regulator of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure. This review will highlight these unique roles of COUP-TFII in metabolic gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman M Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Edwin R Sanchez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
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Mohammad J, Scanni R, Bestmann L, Hulter HN, Krapf R. A Controlled Increase in Dietary Phosphate Elevates BP in Healthy Human Subjects. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2089-2098. [PMID: 30021759 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite epidemiologic evidence for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with both high dietary and serum phosphate in humans with normal renal function, no controlled phosphate intervention studies of systemic hemodynamics have been reported. Higher serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels are associated with better cardiovascular outcomes, but vitamin D increases intestinal phosphate absorption.Methods We conducted a prospective outpatient study with blinded assessment in 20 young adults with normal renal function randomized to high phosphate (regular diet plus 1 mmol/kg body wt per day of Na as neutral sodium phosphate) or low phosphate (regular diet plus lanthanum, 750 mg thrice/day, plus 0.7 mmol/kg body wt per day of Na as NaCl) for 11 weeks. After 6 weeks, all subjects received vitamin D3 (600,000 U) by intramuscular injection. Outcome parameters were 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), pulse rate (PR), biomarkers, and measures of endothelial and arterial function.Results Compared with the low-phosphate diet group, the high-phosphate diet group had a significant increase in mean±SEM fasting plasma phosphate concentration (0.23±0.11 mmol/L); 24-hour SBP and DBP (+4.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.1 to 6.1; and +3.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.2 mm Hg, respectively); mean 24-hour PR (+4.0; 95% CI, 2.0 to 6.0 beats/min); and urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine excretion (54; 95% CI, 50 to 70; and 122; 95% CI, 85 to 159 µg/24 hr, respectively). Vitamin D had no effect on any of these parameters. Neither high- nor low-phosphate diet nor vitamin D affected endothelial function or arterial elasticity.Conclusions Increased phosphate intake (controlled for sodium) significantly increases SBP, DBP, and PR in humans with normal renal function, in part, by increasing sympathoadrenergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Mohammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Klinik St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Scanni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Klinik St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bestmann
- Bioanalytica Labs/Medisupport, Lucerne and Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henry N Hulter
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Reto Krapf
- Department of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Milton AH, Vashum KP, McEvoy M, Hussain S, McElduff P, Byles J, Attia J. Prospective Study of Dietary Zinc Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010038. [PMID: 29300299 PMCID: PMC5793266 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several animal and human studies have shown that zinc is associated with cellular damage and cardiac dysfunction. This study aims to investigate dietary zinc and the zinc-iron ratio, as predictors of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a large longitudinal study of mid-age Australian women (aged 50-61 years). Data was self-reported and validated food frequency questionnaires were used to assess dietary intake. Energy-adjusted zinc was ranked using quintiles and predictors of incident CVD were examined using stepwise logistic regression. After six years of follow-up, 320 incident CVD cases were established. A positive association between dietary zinc intake, zinc-iron ratio and risk of CVD was observed even after adjusting for potential dietary and non-dietary confounders. Compared to those with the lowest quintile of zinc, those in the highest quintile (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.67, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.08-2.62) and zinc-iron ratio (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.05-2.81) had almost twice the odds of developing CVD (p trend = 0.007). This study shows that high dietary zinc intake and zinc-iron ratio is associated with a greater incidence of CVD in women. Further studies are required detailing the source of zinc and iron in diet and their precise roles when compared to other essential nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Hasnat Milton
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Khanrin P Vashum
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Sumaira Hussain
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Patrick McElduff
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Julie Byles
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - John Attia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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11
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Ichihara S, Suzuki Y, Chang J, Kuzuya K, Inoue C, Kitamura Y, Oikawa S. Involvement of oxidative modification of proteins related to ATP synthesis in the left ventricles of hamsters with cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9243. [PMID: 28835655 PMCID: PMC5569096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation enhanced by accumulation of reactive oxygen species plays an essential role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Using the 2D-oxyblot analysis and 2D-difference image gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), we compared the levels of ROS-induced carbonyl modification of myocardial proteins in the whole left ventricles between 6-week-old hamsters with dilated (TO-2) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Bio14.6) and control hamsters (F1B). Then, 2D electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry detected 18 proteins with increased carbonyl level in cardiomyopathy hamsters compared with control hamster. Carbonyl modification of proteins related to ATP synthesis, including citric acid cycle and electron transport system, was observed in the hearts of hamsters with both types of cardiomyopathy. Further analysis indicated that left ventricular carbonyl production correlated negatively with succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase 1 activity (r 2 = 0.60, P = 0.0007) and ATP concentration (r 2 = 0.29, P = 0.037), suggesting that protein carbonylation has negative effects on the levels of these biomolecules. Furthermore, carbonyl production significantly correlated with plasma Troponin T level (r 2 = 0.33, P = 0.026). Reduction of energy metabolism by oxidative damage may contribute to the development of left ventricular impairment in cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahoko Ichihara
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Tsu, Japan.
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan.
| | - Yuka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Tsu, Japan
- Community-University Research Cooperation Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Jie Chang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Tsu, Japan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kentaro Kuzuya
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Chisa Inoue
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitamura
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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12
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Nie Y, Zhang Z, Zou J, Liang Y, Cao X, Liu Z, Shen B, Chen X, Ding X. Hemodialysis-induced regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Hemodial Int 2016; 20:564-572. [PMID: 27312507 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hemodialysis (HD) patients are under observably elevated cardiovascular mortality. Cardiac dysfunction is closely related to death caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the general population, repetitive myocardial ischemia induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction may progress to irreversible loss of contraction step by step, and finally lead to cardiac death. In HD patients, to remove water and solute accumulated from 48 or 72 hours of interdialysis period in a 4-hour HD session will induce myocardial ischemia. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with HD-induced LV systolic dysfunction and provide some evidences for clinical strategies. Methods We recruited 31 standard HD patients for this study from Fudan University Zhongshan hospital. Echocardiography was performed predialysis, at peak stress during HD (15 minutes prior to the end of dialysis), and 30 minutes after HD. Auto functional imaging (AFI) was used to assess the incidence and persistence of HD-induced regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs). Blood samples were drawn to measure biochemical variables. Findings Among totally 527 segments of 31 patients, 93.54% (29/31) patients and 51.40% (276/527) segments were diagnosed as RWMAs. Higher cTnT (0.060 ± 0.030 vs. 0.048 ± 0.015 ng/mL, P = 0.023), phosphate (2.07 ± 0.50 vs. 1.49 ± 0.96 mmol/L, P = 0.001), UFR (11.00 ± 3.89 vs. 8.30 ± 2.66 mL/Kg/h, P = 0.039) and lower albumin (37.83 ± 4.48 vs. 38.38 ± 2.53 g/L, P = 0.050) were found in patients with severe RWMAs (RWMAs in more than 50% segments). After univariate and multivariate analysis, interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) was found as independent risk factor of severe RWMAs (OR = 1.047, 95%CI 1.155-4.732, P = 0.038). Discussion LV systolic dysfunction induced by HD is prevalent in conventional HD patients and should be paid attention to. Patients would benefit from better weight control during interdialytic period to reduce ultrafiltration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhou Zou
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yixiu Liang
- Division of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuesen Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bo Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification of Shanghai, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Mizuno M, Mitchell JH, Crawford S, Huang CL, Maalouf N, Hu MC, Moe OW, Smith SA, Vongpatanasin W. High dietary phosphate intake induces hypertension and augments exercise pressor reflex function in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R39-48. [PMID: 27170660 PMCID: PMC4967233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00124.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have linked high dietary phosphate (Pi) intake to hypertension. It is well established that the rise in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP) during physical exertion is exaggerated in many forms of hypertension, which are primarily mediated by an overactive skeletal muscle exercise pressor reflex (EPR). However, it remains unknown whether high dietary Pi intake potentiates the EPR-mediated SNA and BP response to exercise. Accordingly, we measured renal SNA (RSNA) and mean BP (MBP) in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats fed a normal Pi diet (0.6%, n = 13) or high Pi diet (1.2%, n = 13) for 3 mo. As previously reported, we found that resting BP was significantly increased by 1.2% Pi diet in both conscious and anesthetized animals. Activation of the EPR by electrically induced hindlimb contraction triggered greater increases in ΔRSNA and ΔMBP in the 1.2% compared with 0.6% Pi group (126 ± 25 vs. 42 ± 9%; 44 ± 5 vs. 14 ± 2 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01). Activation of the muscle mechanoreflex, a component of the EPR, by passively stretching hindlimb muscle also evoked greater increases in ΔRSNA and ΔMBP in the 1.2% compared with 0.6% Pi group (109 ± 27 vs. 24 ± 7%, 38 ± 7 vs. 8 ± 2 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01). A similar response was produced by hindlimb intra-arterial capsaicin administration to stimulate the metaboreflex arm of the EPR. Thus, our data demonstrate a novel action of dietary Pi loading in augmenting EPR function through overactivation of both the muscle mechanoreflex and metaboreflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mizuno
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jere H Mitchell
- Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Scott Crawford
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Nephrology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Naim Maalouf
- Mineral Metabolism Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ming-Chang Hu
- Mineral Metabolism Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Orson W Moe
- Nephrology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Hypertension Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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14
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Mizuno M, Mitchell JH, Smith SA. The exercise pressor reflex in hypertension. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.5.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mizuno
- Department of Health Care Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Jere H. Mitchell
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Scott A. Smith
- Department of Health Care Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
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