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Ruatta SM, Prada Gori DN, Fló Díaz M, Lorenzelli F, Perelmuter K, Alberca LN, Bellera CL, Medeiros A, López GV, Ingold M, Porcal W, Dibello E, Ihnatenko I, Kunick C, Incerti M, Luzardo M, Colobbio M, Ramos JC, Manta E, Minini L, Lavaggi ML, Hernández P, Šarlauskas J, Huerta García CS, Castillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Ribaudo G, Zagotto G, Carlucci R, Medrán NS, Labadie GR, Martinez-Amezaga M, Delpiccolo CML, Mata EG, Scarone L, Posada L, Serra G, Calogeropoulou T, Prousis K, Detsi A, Cabrera M, Alvarez G, Aicardo A, Araújo V, Chavarría C, Mašič LP, Gantner ME, Llanos MA, Rodríguez S, Gavernet L, Park S, Heo J, Lee H, Paul Park KH, Bollati-Fogolín M, Pritsch O, Shum D, Talevi A, Comini MA. Garbage in, garbage out: how reliable training data improved a virtual screening approach against SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1193282. [PMID: 37426813 PMCID: PMC10323144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1193282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The identification of chemical compounds that interfere with SARS-CoV-2 replication continues to be a priority in several academic and pharmaceutical laboratories. Computational tools and approaches have the power to integrate, process and analyze multiple data in a short time. However, these initiatives may yield unrealistic results if the applied models are not inferred from reliable data and the resulting predictions are not confirmed by experimental evidence. Methods: We undertook a drug discovery campaign against the essential major protease (MPro) from SARS-CoV-2, which relied on an in silico search strategy -performed in a large and diverse chemolibrary- complemented by experimental validation. The computational method comprises a recently reported ligand-based approach developed upon refinement/learning cycles, and structure-based approximations. Search models were applied to both retrospective (in silico) and prospective (experimentally confirmed) screening. Results: The first generation of ligand-based models were fed by data, which to a great extent, had not been published in peer-reviewed articles. The first screening campaign performed with 188 compounds (46 in silico hits and 100 analogues, and 40 unrelated compounds: flavonols and pyrazoles) yielded three hits against MPro (IC50 ≤ 25 μM): two analogues of in silico hits (one glycoside and one benzo-thiazol) and one flavonol. A second generation of ligand-based models was developed based on this negative information and newly published peer-reviewed data for MPro inhibitors. This led to 43 new hit candidates belonging to different chemical families. From 45 compounds (28 in silico hits and 17 related analogues) tested in the second screening campaign, eight inhibited MPro with IC50 = 0.12-20 μM and five of them also impaired the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells (EC50 7-45 μM). Discussion: Our study provides an example of a virtuous loop between computational and experimental approaches applied to target-focused drug discovery against a major and global pathogen, reaffirming the well-known "garbage in, garbage out" machine learning principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago M. Ruatta
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Denis N. Prada Gori
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Fló Díaz
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Franca Lorenzelli
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karen Perelmuter
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucas N. Alberca
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina L. Bellera
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gloria V. López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Vascular Biology and Drug Discovery Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Ingold
- Vascular Biology and Drug Discovery Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Williams Porcal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Vascular Biology and Drug Discovery Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Estefanía Dibello
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Irina Ihnatenko
- PVZ—Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Conrad Kunick
- PVZ—Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marcelo Incerti
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Luzardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maximiliano Colobbio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Química Fina, Facultad de Química, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Química Fina, Facultad de Química, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Manta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Química Fina, Facultad de Química, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Minini
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Laura Lavaggi
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica Ambiental, Sede Rivera, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paola Hernández
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jonas Šarlauskas
- Life Sciences Centre, Department of Xenobiotic Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Rafael Castillo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alicia Hernández-Campos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Renzo Carlucci
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) UNR, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Noelia S. Medrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) UNR, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R. Labadie
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) UNR, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Maitena Martinez-Amezaga
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) UNR, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carina M. L. Delpiccolo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) UNR, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ernesto G. Mata
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) UNR, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Laura Scarone
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Posada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gloria Serra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Kyriakos Prousis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Detsi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mauricio Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Guzmán Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Adrián Aicardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verena Araújo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Alimentos, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Chavarría
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Melisa E. Gantner
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel A. Llanos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Gavernet
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soonju Park
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyeong Heo
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggun Lee
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Paul Park
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Otto Pritsch
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - David Shum
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compound Research and Development (LIDeB), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A. Comini
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Sardar MYR, Krishnamurthy VR, Park S, Mandhapati AR, Wever WJ, Park D, Cummings RD, Chaikof EL. Synthesis of Lewis X-O-Core-1 threonine: A building block for O-linked Lewis X glycopeptides. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:47-53. [PMID: 29065342 PMCID: PMC5682196 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
LewisX (LeX) is a branched trisaccharide Galβ1→4(Fucα1→3)GlcNAc that is expressed on many cell surface glycoproteins and plays critical roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. However, efficient synthesis of glycopeptides bearing LeX remains a major limitation for structure-function studies of the LeX determinant. Here we report a total synthesis of a LeX pentasaccharide 1 using a regioselective 1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine/triflic anhydride promoted [3 + 2] glycosylation. The presence of an Fmoc-threonine amino acid facilitates incorporation of the pentasaccharide in solid phase peptide synthesis, providing a route to diverse O-linked LeX glycopeptides. The described approach is broadly applicable to the synthesis of a variety of complex glycopeptides containing O-linked LeX or sialyl LewisX (sLeX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y R Sardar
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Venkata R Krishnamurthy
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Simon Park
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Appi Reddy Mandhapati
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Walter J Wever
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dayoung Park
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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