1
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Wu Y, Bosman GP, Vos GM, Uslu E, Chapla D, Huang C, Moremen KW, Boons GJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Keratan Sulfate Oligosaccharides Using UDP-Galactose-6-aldehyde To Control Sulfation at Galactosides. Org Lett 2024; 26:8272-8277. [PMID: 39311767 PMCID: PMC11459510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Keratan sulfate (KS) is a highly complex proteoglycan that has a poly-LacNAc chain that can be modified by diverse patterns of sulfate esters at C-6 positions of galactoside (Gal) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. Here, a chemo-enzymatic methodology is described that can control the pattern of sulfation at Gal using UDP-Gal-aldehyde as a donor for poly-LacNAc assembly to temporarily block specific sites from sulfation by galactose 6-sulfotransferase (CHST1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wu
- Chemical
Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerlof P. Bosman
- Chemical
Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gaël M. Vos
- Chemical
Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elif Uslu
- Chemical
Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Digantkumar Chapla
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Chin Huang
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Chemical
Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Bijvoet
Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht
University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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2
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Fernández-Solís KG, Domínguez-Fonseca E, Martínez BMG, Becerra AG, Ochoa EF, Mendizábal E, Toriz G, Loyer P, Rosselgong J, Bravo-Anaya LM. Synthesis, characterization and stability of crosslinked chitosan-maltodextrin pH-sensitive nanogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133277. [PMID: 38908642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based nanogels offer a wide range of chemical compositions and are of great interest due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and their ability to display pH, temperature, or enzymatic response. In this work, we synthesized monodisperse and tunable pH-sensitive nanogels by crosslinking, through reductive amination, chitosan and partially oxidized maltodextrins, by keeping the concentration of chitosan close to its overlap concentration, i.e. in the dilute and semi-dilute regime. The chitosan/maltodextrin nanogels presented sizes ranging from 63 ± 9 to 279 ± 16 nm, showed quasi-spherical and cauliflower-like morphology, reached a ζ-potential of +36 ± 2 mV and maintained a colloidal stability for up to 7 weeks. It was found that the size and surface charge of nanogels depended both on the oxidation degree of maltodextrins and chitosan concentration, as well as on its degree of acetylation and protonation, the latter tuned by pH. The pH-responsiveness of the nanogels was evidenced by an increased size, owed to swelling, and ζ-potential when pH was lowered. Finally, maltodextrin-chitosan biocompatible nanogels were assessed by cell viability assay performed using the HEK293T cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Gricelda Fernández-Solís
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Departamento de Química, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Estefanía Domínguez-Fonseca
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France; CUTonalá, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Nuevo Periférico # 555, C.P.45425 Ejido San José Tatepozco, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Brianda María González Martínez
- CUTonalá, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Nuevo Periférico # 555, C.P.45425 Ejido San José Tatepozco, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alberto Gutiérrez Becerra
- CUTonalá, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Nuevo Periférico # 555, C.P.45425 Ejido San José Tatepozco, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Edgar Figueroa Ochoa
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Departamento de Química, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Mendizábal
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Departamento de Química, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Toriz
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino R. Padilla Sánchez, 2100, Nextipac, 45200 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN, UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, Plateforme SynNanoVect, Rennes, France
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3
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Mahmoudi C, Tahraoui Douma N, Mahmoudi H, Iurciuc (Tincu) CE, Popa M. Hydrogels Based on Proteins Cross-Linked with Carbonyl Derivatives of Polysaccharides, with Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7839. [PMID: 39063081 PMCID: PMC11277554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adding carbonyl groups into the hydrogel matrix improves the stability and biocompatibility of the hydrogels, making them suitable for different biomedical applications. In this review article, we will discuss the use of hydrogels based on polysaccharides modified by oxidation, with particular attention paid to the introduction of carbonyl groups. These hydrogels have been developed for several applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. The review article discusses the mechanism by which oxidized polysaccharides can introduce carbonyl groups, leading to the development of hydrogels through cross-linking with proteins. These hydrogels have tunable mechanical properties and improved biocompatibility. Hydrogels have dynamic properties that make them promising biomaterials for various biomedical applications. This paper comprehensively analyzes hydrogels based on cross-linked proteins with carbonyl groups derived from oxidized polysaccharides, including microparticles, nanoparticles, and films. The applications of these hydrogels in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Faculty of Technology, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef 02000, Algeria
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Naïma Tahraoui Douma
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Faculty of Technology, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef 02000, Algeria
| | - Hacene Mahmoudi
- National Higher School of Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, Algiers 16000, Algeria;
| | - Camelia Elena Iurciuc (Tincu)
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Mototsune OM, Hong SH, Naguib HE, Master ER. Enzymatically Oxidized Carbohydrates As Dicarbonyl Biobased Cross-Linkers for Polyamines. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4428-4439. [PMID: 38917058 PMCID: PMC11238324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Carbonyl cross-linkers are used to modify textiles and form resins, and are produced annually in megatonne volumes. Due to their toxicity toward the environment and human health, however, less harmful biobased alternatives are needed. This study introduces carbonyl groups to lactose and galactose using galactose oxidase from Fusarium graminearum (FgrGalOx) and pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus bisporus (AbPDH1) to produce four cross-linkers. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to compare cross-linker reactivity, most notably resulting in a 34 °C decrease in reaction peak temperature (72 °C) for FgrGalOx-oxidized galactose compared to unmodified galactose. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy were used to verify imine formation and amine and aldehyde depletion. Cross-linkers were shown to form gels when mixed with polyallylamine, with FgrGalOx-oxidized lactose forming gels more effectively than all other cross-linkers, including glutaraldehyde. Further development of carbohydrate cross-linker technologies could lead to their adoption in various applications, including in adhesives, resins, and textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M. Mototsune
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto M5S 3E5 ,Canada
| | - Sung Hwa Hong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto M5S 3E5 ,Canada
| | - Hani E. Naguib
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Toronto, 5 King’s
College Rd, Toronto M5S
3G8, Canada
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto M5S 3E5 ,Canada
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo,Finland
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5
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Rangel G, Moreau C, Villares A, Chassenieux C, Cathala B. Xyloglucan-Cellulose Nanocrystals Mixtures: A Case Study of Nanocolloidal Hydrogels and Levers for Tuning Functional Properties. Gels 2024; 10:334. [PMID: 38786251 PMCID: PMC11121706 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of fully biobased hydrogels obtained by simple routes and in the absence of toxic or environmentally harmful reagents is a major challenge in meeting new societal demands. In this work, we discuss the development of hydrogels made from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and xyloglucan (XG), two non-toxic, renewable, and biobased components. We present three strategies to fine-tune the functional properties. The first one consists in varying the XG/CNC ratio that leads to the modulation of the mechanical properties of hydrogels as well as a better comprehension of the gel mechanism formation. The second relies on tuning the XG chains' interaction by enzymatic modification to achieve thermoresponsive systems. Finally, the third one is based on the increase in the hydrogel solid content by osmotic concentration. The high-solid-content gels were found to have very high mechanical properties and self-healing properties that can be used for molding materials. Overall, these approaches are a case study of potential modifications and properties offered by biobased nanocolloidal hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Moreau
- UR1268 BIA, INRAE, 44300 Nantes, France; (G.R.); (C.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Ana Villares
- UR1268 BIA, INRAE, 44300 Nantes, France; (G.R.); (C.M.); (A.V.)
| | | | - Bernard Cathala
- UR1268 BIA, INRAE, 44300 Nantes, France; (G.R.); (C.M.); (A.V.)
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6
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Li G, Noguchi M, Ishihara M, Takagi Y, Nagaki M, Saito S, Saito M, Ye XS, Shoda SI. Stereoselective protecting-group-free synthesis of alkyl glycosides using dibenzyloxy triazine type glycosyl donors. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108940. [PMID: 37738819 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemical O-glycosylation is a key step for the synthesis of sugar-containing molecules such as glycolipids. However, traditional carbohydrate chemistry is characterized by extensive use of protective groups, resulting in laborious manipulations and poor atom economy. Here, we present a protecting-group-free glycosylation strategy employing dibenzyloxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl glycosides (DBT-glycosides) as glycosyl donors. The DBT-glycosyl donors could be prepared directly through an alkaline nucleophilic substitution from unprotected sugars in aqueous media. The O-glycosylation of alcohols by using DBT-glycosyl donors has been carried out under mild hydrogenolytic conditions, affording the corresponding alkyl glycosides stereo-selectively in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No.159, Nanjing, 210037, PR China; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Masato Noguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishihara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuka Takagi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Marina Nagaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Sachie Saito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masashi Saito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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7
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Yue S, Wang X, Ge W, Li J, Yang C, Zhou Z, Zhang P, Yang X, Xiao W, Yang S. Deciphering Protein O-GalNAcylation: Method Development and Disease Implication. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19223-19236. [PMID: 37305274 PMCID: PMC10249083 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an important protein post-translational modification that is abundantly expressed on cell surface proteins. Protein O-glycosylation plays a variety of roles in cellular biological functions including protein structure and signal transduction to the immune response. Cell surface mucins are highly O-glycosylated and are the main substance of the mucosal barrier that protects the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract from infection by pathogens or microorganisms. Dysregulation of mucin O-glycosylation may impair mucosal protection against pathogens that can invade cells to trigger infection or immune evasion. Truncated O-glycosylation, also known as Tn antigen or O-GalNAcylation, is highly upregulated in diseases such cancer, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and IgA nephropathy. Characterization of O-GalNAcylation helps decipher the role of Tn antigen in physiopathology and therapy. However, the analysis of O-glycosylation, specifically the Tn antigen, remains challenging due to the lack of reliable enrichment and identification assays compared to N-glycosylation. Here, we summarize recent advances in analytical methods for O-GalNAcylation enrichment and identification and highlight the biological role of the Tn antigen in various diseases and the clinical implications of identifying aberrant O-GalNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yue
- Center
for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow
University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Department
of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department
of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The
Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Department
of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Center
for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow
University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Center
for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow
University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chuanlai Yang
- Scientific
Research Department, The Second Affiliated
Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Department
of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated
Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department
of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department
of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated
Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Wenjin Xiao
- Department
of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center
for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow
University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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8
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Copper radical oxidases: galactose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase, and beyond! Essays Biochem 2022; 67:597-613. [PMID: 36562172 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The copper radical oxidases (CROs) are an evolutionary and functionally diverse group of enzymes established by the historically significant galactose 6-oxidase and glyoxal oxidase from fungi. Inducted in 2013, CROs now constitute Auxiliary Activity Family 5 (AA5) in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) classification. CROs catalyse the two-electron oxidation of their substrates using oxygen as the final electron acceptor and are particularly distinguished by a cross-linked tyrosine-cysteine co-factor that is integral to radical stabilization. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the biochemically and structurally characterized CROs, which has revealed an expanded natural diversity of catalytic activities in the family. This review provides a brief historical introduction to CRO biochemistry and structural biology as a foundation for an update on current advances in CRO enzymology, biotechnology, and biology across kingdoms of life.
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9
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Bissaro B, Kodama S, Nishiuchi T, Díaz-Rovira AM, Hage H, Ribeaucourt D, Haon M, Grisel S, Simaan AJ, Beisson F, Forget SM, Brumer H, Rosso MN, Guallar V, O’Connell R, Lafond M, Kubo Y, Berrin JG. Tandem metalloenzymes gate plant cell entry by pathogenic fungi. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade9982. [PMID: 36542709 PMCID: PMC9770985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Global food security is endangered by fungal phytopathogens causing devastating crop production losses. Many of these pathogens use specialized appressoria cells to puncture plant cuticles. Here, we unveil a pair of alcohol oxidase-peroxidase enzymes to be essential for pathogenicity. Using Colletotrichum orbiculare, we show that the enzyme pair is cosecreted by the fungus early during plant penetration and that single and double mutants have impaired penetration ability. Molecular modeling, biochemical, and biophysical approaches revealed a fine-tuned interplay between these metalloenzymes, which oxidize plant cuticular long-chain alcohols into aldehydes. We show that the enzyme pair is involved in transcriptional regulation of genes necessary for host penetration. The identification of these infection-specific metalloenzymes opens new avenues on the role of wax-derived compounds and the design of oxidase-specific inhibitors for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Bissaro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sayo Kodama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 573-0101 Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, 920-0934 Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Hayat Hage
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - David Ribeaucourt
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
- V. Mane Fils, 620 route de Grasse, 06620 Le Bar sur Loup, France
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sacha Grisel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - A. Jalila Simaan
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d’Aix-Marseille (UMR7265), CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Stephanie M. Forget
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marie-Noëlle Rosso
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Victor Guallar
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard O’Connell
- INRAE, UMR BIOGER, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Mickaël Lafond
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Yasuyuki Kubo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 573-0101 Osaka, Japan
- Corresponding author. (Y.K.); (J.-G.B.)
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
- Corresponding author. (Y.K.); (J.-G.B.)
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10
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Mathieu Y, Cleveland ME, Brumer H. Active-Site Engineering Switches Carbohydrate Regiospecificity in a Fungal Copper Radical Oxidase. ACS Catal 2022; 12:10264-10275. [PMID: 36033369 PMCID: PMC9397409 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper radical oxidases (CROs) from Auxiliary Activity Family 5, Subfamily 2 (AA5_2), are organic cofactor-free biocatalysts for the selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes. AA5_2 CROs comprise canonical galactose-6-oxidases as well as the more recently discovered general alcohol oxidases and aryl alcohol oxidases. Guided by primary and tertiary protein structural analyses, we targeted a distinct extended loop in the active site of a Colletotrichum graminicola aryl alcohol oxidase (CgrAAO) to explore its effect on catalysis in the broader context of AA5_2. Deletion of this loop, which is bracketed by a conserved disulfide bridge, significantly reduced the inherent activity of the enzyme toward extended galacto-oligosaccharides, as anticipated from molecular modeling. Unexpectedly, kinetic and product analysis on a range of monosaccharides and disaccharides revealed that an altered carbohydrate specificity in CgrAAO-Δloop was accompanied by a complete change in regiospecificity from C-6 to C-1 oxidation, thereby generating aldonic acids. C-1 regiospecificity is unprecedented in AA5 enzymes and is classically associated with flavin-dependent carbohydrate oxidases of Auxiliary Activity Family 3. Thus, this work further highlights the catalytic adaptability of the unique mononuclear copper radical active site and provides a basis for the design of improved biocatalysts for diverse potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Mathieu
- Michael
Smith Laboratories, University of British
Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- BioProducts
Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Maria E. Cleveland
- Michael
Smith Laboratories, University of British
Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- BioProducts
Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael
Smith Laboratories, University of British
Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- BioProducts
Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3200 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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11
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Li N, Zong MH. (Chemo)biocatalytic Upgrading of Biobased Furanic Platforms to Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Xu S, Zheng J, Xiao H, Wu R. Simultaneously Identifying and Distinguishing Glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc (the Tn Antigen) in Human Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3343-3351. [PMID: 35132862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins with diverse glycans are essential to human cells, and subtle differences in glycan structures may result in entirely different functions. One typical example is proteins modified with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) (the Tn antigen), in which the two glycans have very similar structures and identical chemical compositions, making them extraordinarily challenging to be distinguished. Here, we developed an effective method benefiting from selective enrichment and the enzymatic specificity to simultaneously identify and distinguish glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Metabolic labeling was combined with bioorthogonal chemistry for enriching glycoproteins modified with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Then, the enzymatic reaction with galactose oxidase was utilized to specifically oxidize O-GalNAc, but not O-GlcNAc, generating the different tags between glycopeptides with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc that can be easily distinguishable by mass spectrometry (MS). Among O-GlcNAcylated proteins commonly identified in three types of human cells, those related to transcription and RNA binding are highly enriched. Cell-specific features are also revealed. Among glycoproteins exclusively in Jurkat cells, those involved in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection are overrepresented, which is consistent with the cell line source and suggests that protein O-GlcNAcylation participated in the response to the virus infection. Furthermore, glycoproteins with the Tn antigen have different subcellular distributions in different cells, which may be attributed to the distinct mechanisms for the formation of protein O-GalNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiangnan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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13
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Chen CY, Lin YW, Wang SW, Lin YC, Cheng YY, Ren CT, Wong CH, Wu CY. Synthesis of Azido-Globo H Analogs for Immunogenicity Evaluation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:77-85. [PMID: 35106375 PMCID: PMC8796297 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Globo H (GH) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), and GH conjugations have been evaluated as potential cancer vaccines. However, like all carbohydrate-based vaccines, low immunogenicity is a major issue. Modifications of the TACA increase its immunogenicity, but the systemic modification on GH is challenging and the synthesis is cumbersome. In this study, we synthesized several azido-GH analogs for evaluation, using galactose oxidase to selectively oxidize C6-OH of the terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine on lactose, Gb3, Gb4, and SSEA3 into C6 aldehyde, which was then transformed chemically to the azido group. The azido-derivatives were further glycosylated to azido-GH analogs by glycosyltransferases coupled with sugar nucleotide regeneration. These azido-GH analogs and native GH were conjugated to diphtheria toxoid cross-reactive material CRM197 for vaccination with C34 adjuvant in mice. Glycan array analysis of antisera indicated that the azido-GH glycoconjugate with azide at Gal-C6 of Lac (1-CRM197) elicited the highest antibody response not only to GH, SSEA3, and SSEA4, which share the common SSEA3 epitope, but also to MCF-7 cancer cells, which express these Globo-series glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chu Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National
Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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14
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Sun P, Laurent CVFP, Boerkamp VJP, van Erven G, Ludwig R, van Berkel WJH, Kabel MA. Regioselective C4 and C6 Double Oxidation of Cellulose by Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102203. [PMID: 34859958 PMCID: PMC9299857 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) play a key role in enzymatic degradation of hard-to-convert polysaccharides, such as chitin and cellulose. It is widely accepted that LPMOs catalyze a single regioselective oxidation of the C1 or C4 carbon of a glycosidic linkage, after which the destabilized linkage breaks. Here, a series of novel C4/C6 double oxidized cello-oligosaccharides was discovered. Products were characterized, aided by sodium borodeuteride reduction and hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric analysis. The C4/C6 double oxidized products were generated by C4 and C1/C4 oxidizing LPMOs, but not by C1 oxidizing ones. By performing incubation and reduction in H2 18 O, it was confirmed that the C6 gem-diol structure resulted from oxygenation, although oxidation to a C6 aldehyde, followed by hydration to the C6 gem-diol, could not be excluded. These findings can be extended to how the reactive LPMO-cosubstrate complex is positioned towards the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicheng Sun
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningen (TheNetherlands
| | - Christophe V. F. P. Laurent
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing LaboratoryDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyBOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationDepartment of Material Sciences and Process EngineeringBOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Vincent J. P. Boerkamp
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningen (TheNetherlands
| | - Gijs van Erven
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningen (TheNetherlands
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing LaboratoryDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyBOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Willem J. H. van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningen (TheNetherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningen (TheNetherlands
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15
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Kaddouch E, Cleveland ME, Navarro D, Grisel S, Haon M, Brumer H, Lafond M, Berrin JG, Bissaro B. A simple and direct ionic chromatography method to monitor galactose oxidase activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26042-26050. [PMID: 36199594 PMCID: PMC9469488 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactose oxidase (GalOx, EC.1.1.3.9) is one of the most extensively studied copper radical oxidases (CROs). The reaction catalyzed by GalOx leads to the oxidation of the C-6 hydroxyl group of galactose and galactosides (including galactosylated polysaccharides and glycoproteins) to the corresponding aldehydes, coupled to the reduction of dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Despite more than 60 years of research including mechanistic studies, enzyme engineering and application development, GalOx activity remains primarily monitored by indirect measurement of the co-product hydrogen peroxide. Here, we describe a simple direct method to measure GalOx activity through the identification of galactosylated oxidized products using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Using galactose and lactose as representative substrates, we were able to separate and detect the C-6 oxidized products, which were confirmed by LC-MS and NMR analyses to exist in their hydrated (geminal-diol) forms. We show that the HPAEC-PAD method is superior to other methods in terms of sensitivity as we could detect down to 0.08 μM of LacOX (eq. 30 μg L−1). We believe the method will prove useful for qualitative detection of galactose oxidase activity in biological samples or for quantitative purposes to analyze enzyme kinetics or to compare enzyme variants in directed evolution programs. Galactose oxidase (GalOx, EC.1.1.3.9) is one of the most extensively studied copper radical oxidases. Here, we show it can be monitored through the release of oxidized galactosylated products using a simple, direct and sensitive HPAEC-PAD method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Kaddouch
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Maria E. Cleveland
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Navarro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009, Marseille, France
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
| | - Sacha Grisel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009, Marseille, France
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 3PE platform, Marseille, France
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009, Marseille, France
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 3PE platform, Marseille, France
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mickaël Lafond
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009, Marseille, France
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 3PE platform, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009, Marseille, France
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16
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Parodi A, Asteasuain M, Magario I. Kinetic analysis and evaluation of galactose oxidase activation by hematin in the green oxidation of glycerol. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Mechanistic kinetic modelling of enzyme-catalysed oxidation reactions of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Ribeaucourt D, Bissaro B, Lambert F, Lafond M, Berrin JG. Biocatalytic oxidation of fatty alcohols into aldehydes for the flavors and fragrances industry. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 56:107787. [PMID: 34147589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
From Egyptian mummies to the Chanel n°5 perfume, fatty aldehydes have long been used and keep impacting our senses in a wide range of foods, beverages and perfumes. Natural sources of fatty aldehydes are threatened by qualitative and quantitative variability while traditional chemical routes are insufficient to answer the society shift toward more sustainable and natural products. The production of fatty aldehydes using biotechnologies is therefore the most promising alternative for the flavors and fragrances industry. In this review, after drawing the portrait of the origin and characteristics of fragrant fatty aldehydes, we present the three main classes of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of fatty alcohols oxidation into aldehydes, namely alcohol dehydrogenases, flavin-dependent alcohol oxidases and copper radical alcohol oxidases. The constraints, challenges and opportunities to implement these oxidative enzymes in the flavors and fragrances industry are then discussed. By setting the scene on the biocatalytic production of fatty aldehydes, and providing a critical assessment of its potential, we expect this review to contribute to the development of biotechnology-based solutions in the flavors and fragrances industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ribeaucourt
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France; V. Mane Fils, 620 route de Grasse, 06620 Le Bar sur Loup, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Lambert
- V. Mane Fils, 620 route de Grasse, 06620 Le Bar sur Loup, France
| | - Mickael Lafond
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France.
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19
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Cleveland M, Lafond M, Xia FR, Chung R, Mulyk P, Hein JE, Brumer H. Two Fusarium copper radical oxidases with high activity on aryl alcohols. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:138. [PMID: 34134727 PMCID: PMC8207647 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomass valorization has been suggested as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based energy and commodities. In this context, the copper radical oxidases (CROs) from Auxiliary Activity Family 5/Subfamily 2 (AA5_2) are attractive biocatalysts for the selective oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Originally defined by the archetypal galactose 6-oxidase from Fusarium graminearum, fungal AA5_2 members have recently been shown to comprise a wide range of specificities for aromatic, aliphatic and furan-based alcohols. This suggests a broader substrate scope of native CROs for applications. However, only 10% of the annotated AA5_2 members have been characterized to date. RESULTS Here, we define two homologues from the filamentous fungi Fusarium graminearum and F. oxysporum as predominant aryl alcohol oxidases (AAOs) through recombinant production in Pichia pastoris, detailed kinetic characterization, and enzyme product analysis. Despite possessing generally similar active-site architectures to the archetypal FgrGalOx, FgrAAO and FoxAAO have weak activity on carbohydrates, but instead efficiently oxidize specific aryl alcohols. Notably, both FgrAAO and FoxAAO oxidize hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) directly to 5-formyl-2-furoic acid (FFCA), and desymmetrize the bioproduct glycerol to the uncommon L-isomer of glyceraldehyde. CONCLUSIONS This work expands understanding of the catalytic diversity of CRO from AA5_2 to include unique representatives from Fusarium species that depart from the well-known galactose 6-oxidase activity of this family. Detailed enzymological analysis highlights the potential biotechnological applications of these orthologs in the production of renewable plastic polymer precursors and other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cleveland
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mickael Lafond
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Fan Roderick Xia
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ryan Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paul Mulyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jason E Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3200 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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20
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Zhang S, Ruccolo S, Fryszkowska A, Klapars A, Marshall N, Strotman NA. Electrochemical Activation of Galactose Oxidase: Mechanistic Studies and Synthetic Applications. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Serge Ruccolo
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Anna Fryszkowska
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Artis Klapars
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nicholas Marshall
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Neil A. Strotman
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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21
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Wohlschlager L, Kracher D, Scheiblbrandner S, Csarman F, Ludwig R. Spectroelectrochemical investigation of the glyoxal oxidase activation mechanism. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107845. [PMID: 34147826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxal oxidase (GLOX) is an extracellular source of H2O2 in white-rot secretomes, where it acts in concert with peroxidases to degrade lignin. It has been reported that GLOX requires activation prior to catalytic turnover and that a peroxidase system can fulfill this task. In this study, we verify that an oxidation product of horseradish peroxidase, the radical cation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), is an activator for GLOX. A spectroelectrochemical cell was used to generate the activating radical species, to continuously measure its concentration, and to simultaneously measure the catalytic activity of GLOX based on its O2 consumption. The results show that GLOX can undergo multiple catalytic turnovers upon activation and that activity increases with the activator concentration. However, we also found that the ABTS cation radical can serve as an electron acceptor which becomes visible in the absence of O2. Furthermore, GLOX activity is highly restrained by the naturally occurring, low O2 concentration. We conclude that GLOX is indeed an auxiliary enzyme for H2O2 production in white-rot secretomes. Its turnover rate is strongly regulated by the availability of O2 and the radical generating activity of peroxidases present in the secretome, which acts as a feedback loop for GLOX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wohlschlager
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel Kracher
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Scheiblbrandner
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Florian Csarman
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Johnson HC, Zhang S, Fryszkowska A, Ruccolo S, Robaire SA, Klapars A, Patel NR, Whittaker AM, Huffman MA, Strotman NA. Biocatalytic oxidation of alcohols using galactose oxidase and a manganese(iii) activator for the synthesis of islatravir. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1620-1625. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese(iii) acetate activates galactose oxidase (GOase), a Cu-dependent metalloenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Department of Process Research and Development
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Anna Fryszkowska
- Department of Process Research and Development
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Process Research and Development
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Sandra A. Robaire
- Department of Process Research and Development
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Artis Klapars
- Department of Process Research and Development
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Niki R. Patel
- Department of Process Research and Development
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | | | - Mark A. Huffman
- Department of Process Research and Development
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Neil A. Strotman
- Department of Process Research and Development
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
- USA
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23
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Savino S, Fraaije MW. The vast repertoire of carbohydrate oxidases: An overview. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 51:107634. [PMID: 32961251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are widely abundant molecules present in a variety of forms. For their biosynthesis and modification, nature has evolved a plethora of carbohydrate-acting enzymes. Many of these enzymes are of particular interest for biotechnological applications, where they can be used as biocatalysts or biosensors. Among the enzymes catalysing conversions of carbohydrates are the carbohydrate oxidases. These oxidative enzymes belong to different structural families and use different cofactors to perform the oxidation reaction of CH-OH bonds in carbohydrates. The variety of carbohydrate oxidases available in nature reflects their specificity towards different sugars and selectivity of the oxidation site. Thanks to their properties, carbohydrate oxidases have received a lot of attention in basic and applied research, such that nowadays their role in biotechnological processes is of paramount importance. In this review we provide an overview of the available knowledge concerning the known carbohydrate oxidases. The oxidases are first classified according to their structural features. After a description on their mechanism of action, substrate acceptance and characterisation, we report on the engineering of the different carbohydrate oxidases to enhance their employment in biocatalysis and biotechnology. In the last part of the review we highlight some practical applications for which such enzymes have been exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Savino
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Boccia AC, Scavia G, Schizzi I, Conzatti L. Biobased Cryogels from Enzymatically Oxidized Starch: Functionalized Materials as Carriers of Active Molecules. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112557. [PMID: 32486387 PMCID: PMC7321214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch recovered from an agrifood waste, pea pods, was enzymatically modified and used to prepare cryogels applied as drug carriers. The enzymatic modification of starch was performed using the laccase/(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl TEMPO system, at a variable molar ratio. The characterization of the ensuing starches by solution NMR spectroscopy showed partial conversion of the primary hydroxyl groups versus aldehyde and carboxyl groups and successive creation of hemiacetal and ester bonds. Enzymatically modified starch after simple freezing and lyophilization process provided stable and compact cryogels with a morphology characterized by irregular pores, as determined by atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The application of cryogels as carriers of active molecules was successfully evaluated by following two different approaches of loading with drugs: a) as loaded sponge, by adsorption of drug from the liquid phase; and b) as dry-loaded cryogel, from a dehydration step added to loaded cryogel from route (a). The efficiency of the two routes was studied and compared by determining the drug release profile by proton NMR studies over time. Preliminary results demonstrated that cryogels from modified starch are good candidates to act as drug delivery systems due to their stability and prolonged residence times of loaded molecules, opening promising applications in biomedical and food packaging scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Caterina Boccia
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Technologies-SCITEC “G. Natta”, CNR, Via Corti, 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-236-99-212
| | - Guido Scavia
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Technologies-SCITEC “G. Natta”, CNR, Via Corti, 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Schizzi
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Technologies-SCITEC “G. Natta”, CNR, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy; (I.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Lucia Conzatti
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Technologies-SCITEC “G. Natta”, CNR, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy; (I.S.); (L.C.)
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25
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Cajnko MM, Novak U, Grilc M, Likozar B. Enzymatic conversion reactions of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to bio-based 2,5- diformylfuran (DFF) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with air: mechanisms, pathways and synthesis selectivity. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:66. [PMID: 32308735 PMCID: PMC7149886 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is one of the top biomass-derived value-added chemicals. It can be produced from fructose and other C6 sugars via formation of 5-hydroxymethilfurfural (HMF) intermediate. Most of the chemical methods for FDCA production require harsh conditions, thus as an environmentally friendly alternative, an enzymatic conversion process can be applied. RESULTS Commercially available horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and lignin peroxidase (LPO), alcohol (AO) and galactose oxidase (GO), catalase (CAT) and laccase (LAC) were tested against HMF, 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid (HMFA) and 5-formyl-2-furoic acid (FFA). Enzyme concentrations were determined based on the number of available active sites and reactions performed at atmospheric oxygen pressure. AO, GO, HRP and LPO were active against HMF, where LPO and HRP produced 0.6 and 0.7% of HMFA, and GO and AO produced 25.5 and 5.1% DFF, respectively. Most of the enzymes had only mild (3.2% yield or less) or no activity against DFF, HMFA and FFA, with only AO having a slightly higher activity against FFA with an FDCA yield of 11.6%. An effect of substrate concentration was measured only for AO, where 20 mM HMF resulted in 19.5% DFF and 5 mM HMF in 39.9% DFF, with a K m value of 14 mM. Some multi-enzyme reactions were also tested and the combination of AO and CAT proved most effective in converting over 97% HMF to DFF in 72 h. CONCLUSIONS Our study aimed at understanding the mechanism of conversion of bio-based HMF to FDCA by different selected enzymes. By understanding the reaction pathway, as well as substrate specificity and the effect of substrate concentration, we would be able to better optimize this process and obtain the best product yields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miša Mojca Cajnko
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Novak
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Grilc
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sit HY, Yang B, Ka-Yan Kung K, Siu-Lun Tam J, Wong MK. Fluorescent Labelling of Glycans with FRET-Based Probes in a Gold(III)-Mediated Three-Component Coupling Reaction. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1739-1743. [PMID: 31943869 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-site multifunctionalization of glycans is of importance in biological studies considering its crucial role in mediating biological events and human diseases. In this paper, a novel approach for multifunctional labelling of glycans has been developed featuring the use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based (FRET-based) probes for fluorescent labelling of glycans through a gold(III)-mediated three-component coupling reaction. Oxidation of glycans into aldehydes followed by the A3 -coupling reaction with FRET-based probes resulted in the single-site formation of fluorescent propargylamine products. The conversion of labelled glycans can be revealed by ratiometric analysis of the FRET signals. This labelling approach results in multifunctionalization of glycans with high selectivity and conversion between 66 and 69 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Yi Sit
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Karen Ka-Yan Kung
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - John Siu-Lun Tam
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Forget SM, Xia F(R, Hein JE, Brumer H. Determination of biocatalytic parameters of a copper radical oxidase using real-time reaction progress monitoring. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2076-2084. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02757b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
VTNA is applied to reaction progress curves to glean key kinetic and mechanistic details for a copper radical oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Forget
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories
| | - Fan (Roderick) Xia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories
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28
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Understanding hemicellulose-cellulose interactions in cellulose nanofibril-based composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:104-114. [PMID: 31377636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) are a very interesting option for the preparation of sustainable composite materials to replace fossil plastics, but the optimum bonding mechanism between the hard and soft components is still not well known. In this work, composite films made of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and various modified and unmodified polysaccharides (galactoglucomannan, GGM; hydrolyzed and oxidized guar gum, GGhydHox; and guar gum grafted with polyethylene glycol, GG-g-PEG) were characterized from the nano- to macroscopic level to better understand how the interactions between the composite components at nano/microscale affect macroscopic mechanical properties, like toughness and strength. All the polysaccharides studied adsorbed well on CNF, although with different adsorption rates, as measured by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Direct surface and friction force experiments using the colloidal probe technique revealed that the adsorbed polysaccharides provided repulsive forces-well described by a polyelectrolyte brush model - and a moderate reduction in friction between cellulose surfaces, which may prevent CNF aggregates during composite formation and, consequently, enhance the strength of dry films. High affinity for cellulose and moderate hydration were found to be important requirements for polysaccharides to improve the mechanical properties of CNF-based composites in wet conditions. The results of this work provide fundamental information on hemicellulose-cellulose interactions and can support the development of polysaccharide-based materials for different packaging and medical applications.
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A family AA5_2 carbohydrate oxidase from Penicillium rubens displays functional overlap across the AA5 family. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216546. [PMID: 31091286 PMCID: PMC6519835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper radical alcohol oxidases belonging to auxiliary activity family 5, subfamily 2 (AA5_2) catalyze the oxidation of galactose and galactosides, as well as aliphatic alcohols. Despite their broad applied potential, so far very few AA5_2 members have been biochemically characterized. We report the recombinant production and biochemical characterization of an AA5_2 oxidase from Penicillium rubens Wisconsin 54–1255 (PruAA5_2A), which groups within an unmapped clade phylogenetically distant from those comprising AA5_2 members characterized to date. PruAA5_2 preferentially oxidized raffinose over galactose; however, its catalytic efficiency was 6.5 times higher on glycolaldehyde dimer compared to raffinose. Deep sequence analysis of characterized AA5_2 members highlighted amino acid pairs correlated to substrate range and conserved within the family. Moreover, PruAA5_2 activity spans substrate preferences previously reported for AA5 subfamily 1 and 2 members, identifying possible functional overlap across the AA5 family.
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30
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Chen J, Guo X, Zhu M, Chen C, Li D. Polysaccharide monooxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of cellulose to glucuronic acid-containing cello-oligosaccharides. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:42. [PMID: 30858879 PMCID: PMC6391835 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs) play an important role in the enzymatic degradation of cellulose. They have been demonstrated to able to C6-oxidize cellulose to produce C6-hexodialdoses. However, the biological function of C6 oxidation of PMOs remains unknown. In particular, it is unclear whether C6-hexodialdoses can be further oxidized to uronic acid (glucuronic acid-containing oligosaccharides). RESULTS A PMO gene, Hipmo1, was isolated from Humicola insolens and expressed in Pichia pastoris. This PMO (HiPMO1), belonging to the auxiliary activity 9 (AA9) family, was shown to able to cleave cellulose to yield non-oxidized and oxidized cello-oligosaccharides. The enzyme oxidizes C6 positions in cellulose to form glucuronic acid-containing cello-oligosaccharides, followed by hydrolysis with beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase to yield glucose, glucuronic acid, and saccharic acid. This indicates that HiPMO1 can catalyze C6 oxidation of hydroxyl groups of cellulose to carboxylic groups. CONCLUSIONS HiPMO1 oxidizes C6 of cellulose to form glucuronic acid-containing cello-oligosaccharides followed by hydrolysis with beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase to yield glucose, glucuronic acid, and saccharic acid, and even possibly by beta-eliminative cleavage to produce unsaturated cello-oligosaccharides. This study provides a new mechanism for cellulose cleavage by C6 oxidation of HiPMO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyin Chen
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Xiuna Guo
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Duochuan Li
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
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31
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Aumala V, Mollerup F, Jurak E, Blume F, Karppi J, Koistinen AE, Schuiten E, Voß M, Bornscheuer U, Deska J, Master ER. Biocatalytic Production of Amino Carbohydrates through Oxidoreductase and Transaminase Cascades. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:848-857. [PMID: 30589228 PMCID: PMC6519198 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived carbohydrates are an abundant renewable resource. Transformation of carbohydrates into new products, including amine-functionalized building blocks for biomaterials applications, can lower reliance on fossil resources. Herein, biocatalytic production routes to amino carbohydrates, including oligosaccharides, are demonstrated. In each case, two-step biocatalysis was performed to functionalize d-galactose-containing carbohydrates by employing the galactose oxidase from Fusarium graminearum or a pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus bisporus followed by the ω-transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cvi-ω-TA). Formation of 6-amino-6-deoxy-d-galactose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-galactose, and 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-aldo-d-galactose was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The activity of Cvi-ω-TA was highest towards 6-aldo-d-galactose, for which the highest yield of 6-amino-6-deoxy-d-galactose (67 %) was achieved in reactions permitting simultaneous oxidation of d-galactose and transamination of the resulting 6-aldo-d-galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Aumala
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Filip Mollerup
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Aquatic Biotechnology and Bioproduct EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabian Blume
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Johanna Karppi
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Antti E. Koistinen
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Eva Schuiten
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Moritz Voß
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Jan Deska
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3E5Canada
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Dimakos V, Taylor MS. Site-Selective Functionalization of Hydroxyl Groups in Carbohydrate Derivatives. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11457-11517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dimakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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Enzyme oxidation of plant galactomannans yielding biomaterials with novel properties and applications, including as delivery systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4687-4702. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Aerogel from chemo-enzymatically oxidized fenugreek gum: an innovative delivery system of isothiazolinones biocides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2683-2692. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Chen C, Chen J, Geng Z, Wang M, Liu N, Li D. Regioselectivity of oxidation by a polysaccharide monooxygenase from Chaetomium thermophilum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:155. [PMID: 29991963 PMCID: PMC5987470 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs) of the auxiliary activity 9 (AA9) family have been reported to oxidize C1, C4, and C6 positions in cellulose. However, currently no direct evidence exists that PMOs oxidize C6 positions in cellulose, and molecular mechanism of C1, C4 and C6 oxidation is unclear. RESULTS In this study, a PMO gene (Ctpmo1) belonging to AA9 was isolated from Chaetomium thermophilum and successfully expressed and correctly processed in Pichia pastoris. A simple and effective chemical method of using Br2 to oxidize CtPMO1 reaction products was developed to directly identify C4- and C6-oxidized products by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The PMO (CtPMO1) cleaves phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) and celloheptaose, resulting in the formation of oxidized and nonoxidized oligosaccharides. Product identification shows that the enzyme can oxidize C1, C4, and C6 in PASC and cello-oligosaccharides. Mutagenesis of the aromatic residues Tyr27, His64, His157 and residue Tyr206 on the flat surface of CtPMO1 was carried out using site-directed mutagenesis to form the mutated enzymes Y27A, H64A, H157A, and Y206A. It was demonstrated that Y27A retained complete activity of C1, C4, and C6 oxidation on cellulose; Y206A retained partial activity of C1 and C4 oxidation but completely lost activity of C6 oxidation on cellulose; H64A almost completely lost activity of C1, C4, and C6 oxidation on cellulose; and H157A completely lost activity of C1, C4, and C6 oxidation on cellulose. CONCLUSIONS This finding provides direct and molecular evidence for C1, C4, especially C6 oxidation by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase. CtPMO1 oxidizes not only C1 and C4 but also C6 positions in cellulose. The aromatic acid residues His64, His157 and residue Tyr206 on CtPMO1 flat surface are involved in activity of C1, C4, C6 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Zhigang Geng
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Duochuan Li
- Department of Mycology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
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36
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Parikka K, Nikkilä I, Pitkänen L, Ghafar A, Sontag-Strohm T, Tenkanen M. Laccase/TEMPO oxidation in the production of mechanically strong arabinoxylan and glucomannan aerogels. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:377-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A Novel Colletotrichum graminicola Raffinose Oxidase in the AA5 Family. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01383-17. [PMID: 28778886 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01383-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the identification and characterization of a copper radical oxidase from auxiliary activities family 5 (AA5_2) that was distinguished by showing preferential activity toward raffinose. Despite the biotechnological potential of carbohydrate oxidases from family AA5, very few members have been characterized. The gene encoding raffinose oxidase from Colletotrichum graminicola (CgRaOx; EC 1.1.3.-) was identified utilizing a bioinformatics approach based on the known modular structure of a characterized AA5_2 galactose oxidase. CgRaOx was expressed in Pichia pastoris, and the purified enzyme displayed the highest activity on the trisaccharide raffinose, whereas the activity on the disaccharide melibiose was three times lower and more than ten times lower activity was detected on d-galactose at a 300 mM substrate concentration. Thus, the substrate preference of CgRaOx was distinguished clearly from the substrate preferences of the known galactose oxidases. The site of oxidation for raffinose was studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry, and we confirmed that the hydroxyl group at the C-6 position was oxidized to an aldehyde and that in addition uronic acid was produced as a side product. A new electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method for the identification of C-6 oxidized products was developed, and the formation mechanism of the uronic acid was studied. CgRaOx presented a novel activity pattern in the AA5 family.IMPORTANCE Currently, there are only a few characterized members of the CAZy AA5 protein family. These enzymes are interesting from an application point of view because of their ability to utilize the cheap and abundant oxidant O2 without the requirement of complex cofactors such as FAD or NAD(P). Here, we present the identification and characterization of a novel AA5 member from Colletotrichum graminicola As discussed in the present study, the bioinformatics approach using the modular structure of galactose oxidase was successful in finding a C-6 hydroxyl carbohydrate oxidase having substrate preference for the trisaccharide raffinose. By the discovery of this activity, the diversity of the CAZy AA5 family is increasing.
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Zheng J, Xiao H, Wu R. Specific Identification of Glycoproteins Bearing the Tn Antigen in Human Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7107-7111. [PMID: 28514044 PMCID: PMC5529048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins contain a wealth of valuable information regarding the development and disease status of cells. In cancer cells, some glycans (such as the Tn antigen) are highly up-regulated, but this remains largely unknown for glycoproteins with a particular glycan. Herein, an innovative method combining enzymatic and chemical reactions was first designed to enrich glycoproteins with the Tn antigen. Using synthetic glycopeptides with O-GalNAc (the Tn antigen) or O-GlcNAc, we demonstrated that the method is selective for glycopeptides with O-GalNAc and can distinguish between these two modifications. The diagnostic ions from the tagged O-GalNAc further confirmed the effectiveness of the method and confidence in the identification of glycopeptides with the Tn antigen by mass spectrometry. Using this method, we identified 96 glycoproteins with the Tn antigen in Jurkat cells. The method can be extensively applied in biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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39
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Zheng J, Xiao H, Wu R. Specific Identification of Glycoproteins Bearing the Tn Antigen in Human Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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40
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Rossi B, Campia P, Merlini L, Brasca M, Pastori N, Farris S, Melone L, Punta C, Galante YM. An aerogel obtained from chemo-enzymatically oxidized fenugreek galactomannans as a versatile delivery system. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:353-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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41
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Toftgaard Pedersen A, Birmingham WR, Rehn G, Charnock SJ, Turner NJ, Woodley JM. Process Requirements of Galactose Oxidase Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Toftgaard Pedersen
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - William R. Birmingham
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Gustav Rehn
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon J. Charnock
- Prozomix
Ltd, Station Court, Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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42
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Parikka K, Master E, Tenkanen M. Oxidation with galactose oxidase: Multifunctional enzymatic catalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Ghafar A, Parikka K, Sontag-Strohm T, Österberg M, Tenkanen M, Mikkonen KS. Strengthening effect of nanofibrillated cellulose is dependent on enzymatically oxidized polysaccharide gel matrices. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Mehtiö T, Toivari M, Wiebe MG, Harlin A, Penttilä M, Koivula A. Production and applications of carbohydrate-derived sugar acids as generic biobased chemicals. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:904-16. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1060189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Mehtiö
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mervi Toivari
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Ali Harlin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anu Koivula
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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45
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Merlini L, Boccia AC, Mendichi R, Galante YM. Enzymatic and chemical oxidation of polygalactomannans from the seeds of a few species of leguminous plants and characterization of the oxidized products. J Biotechnol 2015; 198:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Chemical modification of polysaccharides. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:417672. [PMID: 24151557 PMCID: PMC3787328 DOI: 10.1155/2013/417672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review covers methods for modifying the structures of polysaccharides. The introduction of hydrophobic, acidic, basic, or other functionality into polysaccharide structures can alter the properties of materials based on these substances. The development of chemical methods to achieve this aim is an ongoing area of research that is expected to become more important as the emphasis on using renewable starting materials and sustainable processes increases in the future. The methods covered in this review include ester and ether formation using saccharide oxygen nucleophiles, including enzymatic reactions and aspects of regioselectivity; the introduction of heteroatomic nucleophiles into polysaccharide chains; the oxidation of polysaccharides, including oxidative glycol cleavage, chemical oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids, and enzymatic oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes; reactions of uronic-acid-based polysaccharides; nucleophilic reactions of the amines of chitosan; and the formation of unsaturated polysaccharide derivatives.
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47
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Leppänen AS, Xu C, Parikka K, Eklund P, Sjöholm R, Brumer H, Tenkanen M, Willför S. Targeted allylation and propargylation of galactose-containing polysaccharides in water. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 100:46-54. [PMID: 24188837 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Galactose units of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM), guar galactomannan (GM), and tamarind (galacto)xyloglucan (XG) were selectively allylated. Firstly aldehyde functionalities were formed at the C-6 position via enzymatic oxidation by galactose oxidase. The formed aldehydes were further derivatized by an indium mediated Barbier-Grignard type reaction, resulting in the formation of homoallylic alcohols. In addition to allylic halides, the same reaction procedure was also applicable for GGM, when using propargyl bromide as halide. All reaction steps were done in water, thus the polysaccharides were modified in a one-pot reaction. The formation of the allylated, or propargylated, product was identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. All polysaccharide products were isolated and further characterized by GC-MS or NMR spectroscopy. By this chemo-enzymatic process, we have demonstrated a novel method for derivatization of GGM and other galactose-containing polysaccharides. The derivatized polysaccharides are potential platforms for further functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie Leppänen
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
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Cello-oligosaccharide oxidation reveals differences between two lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (family GH61) from Podospora anserina. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:488-96. [PMID: 23124232 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02942-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of the coprophilic ascomycete Podospora anserina encodes 33 different genes encoding copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) from glycoside hydrolase family 61 (GH61). In this study, two of these enzymes (P. anserina GH61A [PaGH61A] and PaGH61B), which both harbored a family 1 carbohydrate binding module, were successfully produced in Pichia pastoris. Synergistic cooperation between PaGH61A or PaGH61B with the cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus on cellulose resulted in the formation of oxidized and nonoxidized cello-oligosaccharides. A striking difference between PaGH61A and PaGH61B was observed through the identification of the products, among which were doubly and triply oxidized cellodextrins, which were released only by the combination of PaGH61B with CDH. The mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns of these oxidized products could be consistent with oxidation at the C-6 position with a geminal diol group. The different properties of PaGH61A and PaGH61B and their effect on the interaction with CDH are discussed in regard to the proposed in vivo function of the CDH/GH61 enzyme system in oxidative cellulose hydrolysis.
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49
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Parikka K, Leppänen AS, Xu C, Pitkänen L, Eronen P, Österberg M, Brumer H, Willför S, Tenkanen M. Functional and Anionic Cellulose-Interacting Polymers by Selective Chemo-Enzymatic Carboxylation of Galactose-Containing Polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2418-28. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Parikka
- Department of Food
and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ann-Sofie Leppänen
- Process Chemistry
Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500
Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Process Chemistry
Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500
Turku, Finland
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood
Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leena Pitkänen
- Department of Food
and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Eronen
- Department of Forest
Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo,
Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Forest
Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo,
Finland
| | - Harry Brumer
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood
Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Willför
- Process Chemistry
Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500
Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food
and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Kupper CE, Rosencrantz RR, Henßen B, Pelantová H, Thönes S, Drozdová A, Křen V, Elling L. Chemo-enzymatic modification of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) oligomers and N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacDiNAc) based on galactose oxidase treatment. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:712-25. [PMID: 23015818 PMCID: PMC3388858 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of glycans in biological systems is highlighted by their various functions in physiological and pathological processes. Many glycan epitopes on glycoproteins and glycolipids are based on N-acetyllactosamine units (LacNAc; Galβ1,4GlcNAc) and often present on extended poly-LacNAc glycans ([Galβ1,4GlcNAc](n)). Poly-LacNAc itself has been identified as a binding motif of galectins, an important class of lectins with functions in immune response and tumorigenesis. Therefore, the synthesis of natural and modified poly-LacNAc glycans is of specific interest for binding studies with galectins as well as for studies of their possible therapeutic applications. We present the oxidation by galactose oxidase and subsequent chemical or enzymatic modification of terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine residues of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) oligomers and N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacDiNAc) by galactose oxidase. Product formation starting from different poly-LacNAc oligomers was characterised and optimised regarding formation of the C6-aldo product. Further modification of the aldehyde containing glycans, either by chemical conversion or enzymatic elongation, was established. Base-catalysed β-elimination, coupling of biotin-hydrazide with subsequent reduction to the corresponding hydrazine linkage, and coupling by reductive amination to an amino-functionalised poly-LacNAc oligomer were performed and the products characterised by LC-MS and NMR analysis. Remarkably, elongation of terminally oxidised poly-LacNAc glycans by β3GlcNAc- and β4Gal-transferase was also successful. In this way, a set of novel, modified poly-LacNAc oligomers containing terminally and/or internally modified galactose residues were obtained, which can be used for binding studies and various other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E Kupper
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Ruben R Rosencrantz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Birgit Henßen
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan Thönes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Anna Drozdová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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