1
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Franceus J, Steynen M, Allaert Y, Bredael K, D'hooghe M, Desmet T. High-yield synthesis of 2-O-α-D-glucosyl-D-glycerate by a bifunctional glycoside phosphorylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:55. [PMID: 38175244 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Osmolytes are produced by various microorganisms as a defense mechanism to protect cells and macromolecules from damage caused by external stresses in harsh environments. Due to their useful stabilizing properties, these molecules are applied as active ingredients in a wide range of cosmetics and healthcare products. The metabolic pathways and biocatalytic syntheses of glycosidic osmolytes such as 2-O-α-D-glucosyl-D-glycerate often involve the action of a glycoside phosphorylase. Here, we report the discovery of a glucosylglycerate phosphorylase from carbohydrate-active enzyme family GH13 that is also active on sucrose, which contrasts the strict specificity of known glucosylglycerate phosphorylases that can only use α-D-glucose 1-phosphate as glycosyl donor in transglycosylation reactions. The novel enzyme can be distinguished from other phosphorylases from the same family by the presence of an atypical conserved sequence motif at specificity-determining positions in the active site. The promiscuity of the sucrose-active glucosylglycerate phosphorylase can be exploited for the high-yielding and rapid synthesis of 2-O-α-D-glucosyl-D-glycerate from sucrose and D-glycerate. KEY POINTS: • A Xylanimonas protaetiae glycoside phosphorylase can use both d-glycerate and fructose as glucosyl acceptor with high catalytic efficiency • Biocatalytic synthesis of the osmolyte 2-O-α-d-glucosyl-d-glycerate • Positions in the active site of GH13 phosphorylases act as convenient specificity fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorick Franceus
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manon Steynen
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yentl Allaert
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kato Bredael
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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2
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Goux M, Demonceaux M, Hendrickx J, Solleux C, Lormeau E, Fredslund F, Tezé D, Offmann B, André-Miral C. Sucrose phosphorylase from Alteromonas mediterranea: Structural insight into the regioselective α-glucosylation of (+)-catechin. Biochimie 2024; 221:13-19. [PMID: 38199518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylases, through transglycosylation reactions, are interesting enzymes that can transfer regioselectively glucose from sucrose, the donor substrate, onto acceptors like flavonoids to form glycoconjugates and hence modulate their solubility and bioactivity. Here, we report for the first time the structure of sucrose phosphorylase from the marine bacteria Alteromonas mediterranea (AmSP) and its enzymatic properties. Kinetics of sucrose hydrolysis and transglucosylation capacities on (+)-catechin were investigated. Wild-type enzyme (AmSP-WT) displayed high hydrolytic activity on sucrose and was devoid of transglucosylation activity on (+)-catechin. Two variants, AmSP-Q353F and AmSP-P140D catalysed the regiospecific transglucosylation of (+)-catechin: 89 % of a novel compound (+)-catechin-4'-O-α-d-glucopyranoside (CAT-4') for AmSP-P140D and 92 % of (+)-catechin-3'-O-α-d-glucopyranoside (CAT-3') for AmSP-Q353F. The compound CAT-4' was fully characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. An explanation for this difference in regiospecificity was provided at atomic level by molecular docking simulations: AmSP-P140D was found to preferentially bind (+)-catechin in a mode that favours glucosylation on its hydroxyl group in position 4' while the binding mode in AmSP-Q353F favoured glucosylation on its hydroxyl group in position 3'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Goux
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Demonceaux
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Johann Hendrickx
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Claude Solleux
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Lormeau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- DTU Biosustain, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Tezé
- DTU Biosustain, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bernard Offmann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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De Doncker M, Vleminckx S, Franceus J, Vercauteren R, Desmet T. Converting Bulk Sugars into Functional Fibers: Discovery and Application of a Thermostable β-1,3-Oligoglucan Phosphorylase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10497-10505. [PMID: 38659290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite their broad application potential, the widespread use of β-1,3-glucans has been hampered by the high cost and heterogeneity associated with current production methods. To address this challenge, scalable and economically viable processes are needed for the production of β-1,3-glucans with tailorable molecular mass distributions. Glycoside phosphorylases have shown to be promising catalysts for the bottom-up synthesis of β-1,3-(oligo)glucans since they combine strict regioselectivity with a cheap donor substrate (i.e., α-glucose 1-phosphate). However, the need for an expensive priming substrate (e.g., laminaribiose) and the tendency to produce shorter oligosaccharides still form major bottlenecks. Here, we report the discovery and application of a thermostable β-1,3-oligoglucan phosphorylase originating from Anaerolinea thermophila (AtβOGP). This enzyme combines a superior catalytic efficiency toward glucose as a priming substrate, high thermostability, and the ability to synthesize high molecular mass β-1,3-glucans up to DP 75. Coupling of AtβOGP with a thermostable variant of Bifidobacterium adolescentis sucrose phosphorylase enabled the efficient production of tailorable β-1,3-(oligo)glucans from sucrose, with a near-complete conversion of >99 mol %. This cost-efficient process for the conversion of renewable bulk sugar into β-1,3-(oligo)glucans should facilitate the widespread application of these versatile functional fibers across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc De Doncker
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vleminckx
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorick Franceus
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronny Vercauteren
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe BV, Havenstraat 84, B-1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Allaert Y, Leyder A, Franceus J, Desmet T. Strategies for the synthesis of the osmolyte glucosylglycerate and its precursor glycerate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:297. [PMID: 38607564 PMCID: PMC11009771 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Glycosidic osmolytes are widespread natural compounds that protect microorganisms and their macromolecules from the deleterious effects of various environmental stresses. Their protective properties have attracted considerable interest for industrial applications, especially as active ingredients in cosmetics and healthcare products. In that regard, the osmolyte glucosylglycerate is somewhat overlooked. Glucosylglycerate is typically accumulated by certain organisms when they are exposed to high salinity and nitrogen starvation, and its potent stabilizing effects have been demonstrated in vitro. However, the applications of this osmolyte have not been thoroughly explored due to the lack of a cost-efficient production process. Here, we present an overview of the progress that has been made in developing promising strategies for the synthesis of glucosylglycerate and its precursor glycerate, and discuss the remaining challenges. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial milking could be explored for fermentative production of glucosylglycerate • Glycoside phosphorylases of GH13_18 represent attractive alternatives for biocatalytic production • Conversion of glycerol with alditol oxidase is a promising strategy for generating the precursor glycerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentl Allaert
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arthur Leyder
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorick Franceus
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Ren J, Barton CD, Zhan J. Engineered production of bioactive polyphenolic O-glycosides. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108146. [PMID: 37028465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds (such as quercetin and resveratrol) possess potential medicinal values due to their various bioactivities, but poor water solubility hinders their health benefits to humankind. Glycosylation is a well-known post-modification method to biosynthesize natural product glycosides with improved hydrophilicity. Glycosylation has profound effects on decreasing toxicity, increasing bioavailability and stability, together with changing bioactivity of polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, polyphenolic glycosides can be used as food additives, therapeutics, and nutraceuticals. Engineered biosynthesis provides an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to generate polyphenolic glycosides through the use of various glycosyltransferases (GTs) and sugar biosynthetic enzymes. GTs transfer the sugar moieties from nucleotide-activated diphosphate sugar (NDP-sugar) donors to sugar acceptors such as polyphenolic compounds. In this review, we systematically review and summarize the representative polyphenolic O-glycosides with various bioactivities and their engineered biosynthesis in microbes with different biotechnological strategies. We also review the major routes towards NDP-sugar formation in microbes, which is significant for producing unusual or novel glycosides. Finally, we discuss the trends in NDP-sugar based glycosylation research to promote the development of prodrugs that positively impact human health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Caleb Don Barton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
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Schwaiger KN, Nidetzky B. Continuous process technology for bottom-up synthesis of soluble cello-oligosaccharides by immobilized cells co-expressing three saccharide phosphorylases. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:265. [PMID: 36536394 PMCID: PMC9764710 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous processing with enzyme reuse is a well-known engineering strategy to enhance the efficiency of biocatalytic transformations for chemical synthesis. In one-pot multistep reactions, continuous processing offers the additional benefit of ensuring constant product quality via control of the product composition. Bottom-up production of cello-oligosaccharides (COS) involves multistep iterative β-1,4-glycosylation of glucose from sucrose catalyzed by sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adeloscentis (BaScP), cellobiose phosphorylase from Cellulomonas uda (CuCbP) and cellodextrin phosphorylase from Clostridium cellulosi (CcCdP). Degree of polymerization (DP) control in the COS product is essential for soluble production and is implemented through balance of the oligosaccharide priming and elongation rates. A whole-cell E. coli catalyst co-expressing the phosphorylases in high yield and in the desired activity ratio, with CdP as the rate-limiting enzyme, was reported previously. RESULTS Freeze-thaw permeabilized E. coli cells were immobilized in polyacrylamide (PAM) at 37-111 mg dry cells/g material. PAM particles (0.25-2.00 mm size) were characterized for COS production (~ 70 g/L) in mixed vessel with catalyst recycle and packed-bed reactor set-ups. The catalyst exhibited a dry mass-based overall activity (270 U/g; 37 mg cells/g material) lowered by ~ 40% compared to the corresponding free cells due to individual enzyme activity loss, CbP in particular, caused by the immobilization. Temperature studies revealed an operational optimum at 30 °C for stable continuous reaction (~ 1 month) in the packed bed (volume: 40 mL; height: 7.5 cm). The optimum reflects the limits of PAM catalyst structural and biological stability in combination with the requirement to control COS product solubility in order to prevent clogging of the packed bed. Using an axial flow rate of 0.75 cm- 1, the COS were produced at ~ 5.7 g/day and ≥ 95% substrate conversion (sucrose 300 mM). The product stream showed a stable composition of individual oligosaccharides up to cellohexaose, with cellobiose (48 mol%) and cellotriose (31 mol%) as the major components. CONCLUSIONS Continuous process technology for bottom-up biocatalytic production of soluble COS is demonstrated based on PAM immobilized E. coli cells that co-express BaScP, CuCbP and CcCdP in suitable absolute and relative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina N. Schwaiger
- grid.432147.70000 0004 0591 4434acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- grid.432147.70000 0004 0591 4434acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
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7
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Febres-Molina C, Sánchez L, Prat-Resina X, Jaña GA. Glucosylation mechanism of resveratrol through the mutant Q345F sucrose phosphorylase from the organism Bifidobacterium adolescentis: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5270-5283. [PMID: 35708054 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mainly due to their great antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer capacities, natural polyphenolic compounds have many properties with important applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Unfortunately, these molecules have very low water solubility and bioavailability. Glucosylation of polyphenols is an excellent alternative to overcome these drawbacks. Specifically, for the natural polyphenol resveratrol this process is very inefficiently performed by the native enzyme sucrose phosphorylase (BaSP) from the organism Bifidobacterium adolescentis (4%). However, the Q345F point mutation of the sucrose phosphorylase (BaSP Q345F) has been shown to achieve 97% monoglucosylation for the same substrate and the mechanism is still unknown. This report presents an analysis of MD simulations performed with the BaSP Q345F and BaSP systems in complex with resveratrol monoglucoside, followed by a study of the transglucosylation reaction of the mutant enzyme BaSP Q345F with resveratrol through the QM/MM hybrid method. With respect to the MD simulations, both protein structures showed greater similarity to the phosphate-binding conformation, and a larger active site and conformational changes in certain structures were found for the mutant system compared with the native enzyme; all this is in agreement with experimental data. With regard to the QM/MM calculations, the structure of an oxocarbenium ion-like transition state and the minimum energy adiabatic path (MEP) that connects the reactants with the products were obtained with a 20.3 kcal mol-1 energy barrier, which fits within the known experimental range for this type of enzyme. Finally, the analyses performed along the MEP suggest a concerted but asynchronous mechanism. In particular, they show that the interactions involving the residues of the catalytic triad (Asp192, Glu232, and Asp290) together with two water molecules at the active site strongly contribute to the stabilization of the transition state. The understanding of this glucosylation mechanism of the polyphenol resveratrol carried out by the mutant sucrose phosphorylase enzyme presented in this work could serve as the basis for subsequent studies on related carbohydrate-active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Febres-Molina
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslie Sánchez
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Prat-Resina
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55904, USA
| | - Gonzalo A Jaña
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Talcahuano, Chile.
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8
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Zhou Y, Lv X, Chen L, Zhang H, Zhu L, Lu Y, Chen X. Identification of Process-Related Impurities and Corresponding Control Strategy in Biocatalytic Production of 2- O-α-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic Acid Using Sucrose Phosphorylase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5066-5076. [PMID: 35412325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2-O-α-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is an ideal substitute for l-ascorbic acid because of its remarkable stability and improved biological activity, which can be easily applied in cosmetic, food, and medicine fields. However, impurity identification and control are significant procedures during the manufacturing of AA-2G. This study assessed a manufacturing routine of AA-2G synthesized by sucrose phosphorylase (SPase). First, three unknown process-related impurities were observed, which were further identified as 3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl- l-ascorbic acid (impurity I), 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-dehydroascorbic acid (impurity II), and 13-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (impurity III), respectively. Second, a comprehensive formation pathway of impurities was elucidated, and specific strategies corresponding to controlling each impurity were also proposed. Specifically, the content of impurity I can be reduced by 50% by fine tuning reaction conditions. The impurity II-free purification process was also achieved by applying a low concentration of alkali. Finally, a semi-rational design was introduced, and a single mutant L343F was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis, which reduced impurities I and III by 63.9 and 100%, respectively, without affecting the transglycosylation activity. It is expected that the reported impurity identification and control strategies during the AA-2G production will facilitate its industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhou
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhao Lv
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
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Dhaene S, Van Laar A, De Doncker M, De Beul E, Beerens K, Grootaert C, Caroen J, Van der Eycken J, Van Camp J, Desmet T. Sweet Biotechnology: Enzymatic Production and Digestibility Screening of Novel Kojibiose and Nigerose Analogues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3502-3511. [PMID: 35266393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In view of the global pandemic of obesity and related metabolic diseases, there is an increased interest in alternative carbohydrates with promising physiochemical and health-related properties as a potential replacement for traditional sugars. However, our current knowledge is limited to only a small selection of carbohydrates, whereas the majority of alternative rare carbohydrates and especially their properties remain to be investigated. Unraveling their potential properties, like digestibility and glycemic content, could unlock their use in industrial applications. Here, we describe the enzymatic production and in vitro digestibility of three novel glycosides, namely, two kojibiose analogues (i.e., d-Glcp-α-1,2-d-Gal and d-Glcp-α-1,2-d-Rib) and one nigerose analogue (i.e., d-Glcp-α-1,3-l-Ara). These novel sugars were discovered after an intensive acceptor screening with a sucrose phosphorylase originating from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaSP). Optimization and upscaling of this process led to roughly 100 g of these disaccharides. Digestibility, absorption, and caloric potential were assessed using brush border enzymes of rat origin and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The rare disaccharides showed a reduced digestibility and a limited impact on energy metabolism, which was structure-dependent and even more pronounced for the three novel disaccharides in comparison to their respective glucobioses, translating to a low-caloric potential for these novel rare disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Dhaene
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amar Van Laar
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc De Doncker
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma De Beul
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Beerens
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Caroen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis (LOBOS), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis (LOBOS), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Zhou Y, Gan T, Jiang R, Chen H, Ma Z, Lu Y, Zhu L, Chen X. Whole-cell catalytic synthesis of 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid by sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium breve via a batch-feeding strategy. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Franceus J, Desmet T. Sucrose Phosphorylase and Related Enzymes in Glycoside Hydrolase Family 13: Discovery, Application and Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2526. [PMID: 32260541 PMCID: PMC7178133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylases are carbohydrate-active enzymes with outstanding potential for the biocatalytic conversion of common table sugar into products with attractive properties. They belong to the glycoside hydrolase family GH13, where they are found in subfamily 18. In bacteria, these enzymes catalyse the phosphorolysis of sucrose to yield α-glucose 1-phosphate and fructose. However, sucrose phosphorylases can also be applied as versatile transglucosylases for the synthesis of valuable glycosides and sugars because their broad promiscuity allows them to transfer the glucosyl group of sucrose to a diverse collection of compounds other than phosphate. Numerous process and enzyme engineering studies have expanded the range of possible applications of sucrose phosphorylases ever further. Moreover, it has recently been discovered that family GH13 also contains a few novel phosphorylases that are specialised in the phosphorolysis of sucrose 6F-phosphate, glucosylglycerol or glucosylglycerate. In this review, we provide an overview of the progress that has been made in our understanding and exploitation of sucrose phosphorylases and related enzymes over the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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12
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Structural Comparison of a Promiscuous and a Highly Specific Sucrose 6 F-Phosphate Phosphorylase. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163906. [PMID: 31405215 PMCID: PMC6720575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In family GH13 of the carbohydrate-active enzyme database, subfamily 18 contains glycoside phosphorylases that act on α-sugars and glucosides. Because their phosphorolysis reactions are effectively reversible, these enzymes are of interest for the biocatalytic synthesis of various glycosidic compounds. Sucrose 6F-phosphate phosphorylases (SPPs) constitute one of the known substrate specificities. Here, we report the characterization of an SPP from Ilumatobacter coccineus with a far stricter specificity than the previously described promiscuous SPP from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. Crystal structures of both SPPs were determined to provide insight into their similarities and differences. The residues responsible for binding the fructose 6-phosphate group in subsite +1 were found to differ considerably between the two enzymes. Furthermore, several variants that introduce a higher degree of substrate promiscuity in the strict SPP from I. coccineus were designed. These results contribute to an expanded structural knowledge of enzymes in subfamily GH13_18 and facilitate their rational engineering.
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13
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Tauzin AS, Bruel L, Laville E, Nicoletti C, Navarro D, Henrissat B, Perrier J, Potocki-Veronese G, Giardina T, Lafond M. Sucrose 6 F-phosphate phosphorylase: a novel insight in the human gut microbiome. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 30913025 PMCID: PMC6521584 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining human health including in degradation of dietary fibres and carbohydrates further used as nutrients by both the host and the gut bacteria. Previously, we identified a polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) involved in sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) metabolism from one of the most common Firmicutes present in individuals, Ruminococcus gnavus E1. One of the enzymes encoded by this PUL was annotated as a putative sucrose phosphate phosphorylase (RgSPP). In the present study, we have in-depth characterized the heterologously expressed RgSPP as sucrose 6F-phosphate phosphorylase (SPP), expanding our knowledge of the glycoside hydrolase GH13_18 subfamily. Specifically, the enzymatic characterization showed a selective activity on sucrose 6F-phosphate (S6FP) acting both in phosphorolysis releasing alpha-d-glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) and alpha-d-fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), and in reverse phosphorolysis from G1P and F6P to S6FP. Interestingly, such a SPP activity had never been observed in gut bacteria before. In addition, a phylogenetic and synteny analysis showed a clustering and a strictly conserved PUL organization specific to gut bacteria. However, a wide prevalence and abundance study with a human metagenomic library showed a correlation between SPP activity and the geographical origin of the individuals and, thus, most likely linked to diet. Rgspp gene overexpression has been observed in mice fed with a high-fat diet suggesting, as observed for humans, that intestine lipid and carbohydrate microbial metabolisms are intertwined. Finally, based on the genomic environment analysis, in vitro and in vivo studies, results provide new insights into the gut microbiota catabolism of sucrose, RFOs and S6FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Tauzin
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.,2LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France.,‡Present address: LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Bruel
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Laville
- 2LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - David Navarro
- 3INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, PolyTech, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- 4Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13288 Marseille, France.,5Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Josette Perrier
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thierry Giardina
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Mickael Lafond
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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14
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Converting Galactose into the Rare Sugar Talose with Cellobiose 2-Epimerase as Biocatalyst. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102519. [PMID: 30275414 PMCID: PMC6222537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellobiose 2-epimerase from Rhodothermus marinus (RmCE) reversibly converts a glucose residue to a mannose residue at the reducing end of β-1,4-linked oligosaccharides. In this study, the monosaccharide specificity of RmCE has been mapped and the synthesis of d-talose from d-galactose was discovered, a reaction not yet known to occur in nature. Moreover, the conversion is industrially relevant, as talose and its derivatives have been reported to possess important antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. As the enzyme also catalyzes the keto-aldo isomerization of galactose to tagatose as a minor side reaction, the purity of talose was found to decrease over time. After process optimization, 23 g/L of talose could be obtained with a product purity of 86% and a yield of 8.5% (starting from 4 g (24 mmol) of galactose). However, higher purities and concentrations can be reached by decreasing and increasing the reaction time, respectively. In addition, two engineering attempts have also been performed. First, a mutant library of RmCE was created to try and increase the activity on monosaccharide substrates. Next, two residues from RmCE were introduced in the cellobiose 2-epimerase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus (CsCE) (S99M/Q371F), increasing the kcat twofold.
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15
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Kraus M, Grimm C, Seibel J. Reversibility of a Point Mutation Induced Domain Shift: Expanding the Conformational Space of a Sucrose Phosphorylase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10490. [PMID: 29993032 PMCID: PMC6041289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their popularity as enzyme engineering targets structural information about Sucrose Phosphorylases remains scarce. We recently clarified that the Q345F variant of Bifidobacterium adolescentis Sucrose Phosphorylase is able to accept large polyphenolic substrates like resveratrol via a domain shift. Here we present a crystal structure of this variant in a conformation suitable for the accommodation of the donor substrate sucrose in excellent agreement with the wild type structure. Remarkably, this conformation does not feature the previously observed domain shift which is therefore reversible and part of a dynamic process rather than a static phenomenon. This crystallographic snapshot completes our understanding of the catalytic cycle of this useful variant and will allow for a more rational design of further generations of Sucrose Phosphorylase variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Grimm
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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16
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Kuhaudomlarp S, Walpole S, Stevenson CEM, Nepogodiev SA, Lawson DM, Angulo J, Field RA. Unravelling the Specificity of Laminaribiose Phosphorylase from Paenibacillus sp. YM-1 towards Donor Substrates Glucose/Mannose 1-Phosphate by Using X-ray Crystallography and Saturation Transfer Difference NMR Spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2018; 20:181-192. [PMID: 29856496 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycoside phosphorylases (GPs) carry out a reversible phosphorolysis of carbohydrates into oligosaccharide acceptors and the corresponding sugar 1-phosphates. The reversibility of the reaction enables the use of GPs as biocatalysts for carbohydrate synthesis. Glycosyl hydrolase family 94 (GH94), which only comprises GPs, is one of the most studied GP families that have been used as biocatalysts for carbohydrate synthesis, in academic research and in industrial production. Understanding the mechanism of GH94 enzymes is a crucial step towards enzyme engineering to improve and expand the applications of these enzymes in synthesis. In this work with a GH94 laminaribiose phosphorylase from Paenibacillus sp. YM-1 (PsLBP), we have demonstrated an enzymatic synthesis of disaccharide 1 (β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-glucopyranose) by using a natural acceptor glucose and noncognate donor substrate α-mannose 1-phosphate (Man1P). To investigate how the enzyme recognises different sugar 1-phosphates, the X-ray crystal structures of PsLBP in complex with Glc1P and Man1P have been solved, providing the first molecular detail of the recognition of a noncognate donor substrate by GPs, which revealed the importance of hydrogen bonding between the active site residues and hydroxy groups at C2, C4, and C6 of sugar 1-phosphates. Furthermore, we used saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy to support crystallographic studies on the sugar 1-phosphates, as well as to provide further insights into the PsLBP recognition of the acceptors and disaccharide products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakonwan Kuhaudomlarp
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Samuel Walpole
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Clare E M Stevenson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David M Lawson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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17
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Kraus M, Grimm C, Seibel J. Switching enzyme specificity from phosphate to resveratrol glucosylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12181-12184. [PMID: 29057405 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05993k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a point mutation-triggered domain shift which switches the acceptor preference of a sucrose phosphorylase from phosphate to a variety of large polyphenolic compounds including resveratrol and quercetin, enabling their efficient glucosylation. The variant possesses a high affinity for aromatic substrates due to newly introduced π-π- and hydrophobic interactions in the altered active site. The domain shift brings about a substantially enlarged and multifunctional active site for polyphenol glucosylation and rare disaccharide production. The crystal structure of the variant with its product resveratrol-3-α-d-glucoside allows the prediction of the substrate scope and regioselectivity of the aromatic compounds' glucosylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kraus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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18
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Exploring the sequence diversity in glycoside hydrolase family 13_18 reveals a novel glucosylglycerol phosphorylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3183-3191. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Combined engineering of disaccharide transport and phosphorolysis for enhanced ATP yield from sucrose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2017; 45:121-133. [PMID: 29196124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic industrial fermentation processes do not require aeration and intensive mixing and the accompanying cost savings are beneficial for production of chemicals and fuels. However, the free-energy conservation of fermentative pathways is often insufficient for the production and export of the desired compounds and/or for cellular growth and maintenance. To increase free-energy conservation during fermentation of the industrially relevant disaccharide sucrose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we first replaced the native yeast α-glucosidases by an intracellular sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LmSPase). Subsequently, we replaced the native proton-coupled sucrose uptake system by a putative sucrose facilitator from Phaseolus vulgaris (PvSUF1). The resulting strains grew anaerobically on sucrose at specific growth rates of 0.09 ± 0.02h-1 (LmSPase) and 0.06 ± 0.01h-1 (PvSUF1, LmSPase). Overexpression of the yeast PGM2 gene, which encodes phosphoglucomutase, increased anaerobic growth rates on sucrose of these strains to 0.23 ± 0.01h-1 and 0.08 ± 0.00h-1, respectively. Determination of the biomass yield in anaerobic sucrose-limited chemostat cultures was used to assess the free-energy conservation of the engineered strains. Replacement of intracellular hydrolase with a phosphorylase increased the biomass yield on sucrose by 31%. Additional replacement of the native proton-coupled sucrose uptake system by PvSUF1 increased the anaerobic biomass yield by a further 8%, resulting in an overall increase of 41%. By experimentally demonstrating an energetic benefit of the combined engineering of disaccharide uptake and cleavage, this study represents a first step towards anaerobic production of compounds whose metabolic pathways currently do not conserve sufficient free-energy.
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20
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Glucosylglycerate Phosphorylase, an Enzyme with Novel Specificity Involved in Compatible Solute Metabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01434-17. [PMID: 28754708 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01434-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Family GH13_18 of the carbohydrate-active enzyme database consists of retaining glycoside phosphorylases that have attracted interest with their potential for synthesizing valuable α-sugars and glucosides. Sucrose phosphorylase was believed to be the only enzyme with specificity in this subfamily for many years, but recent work revealed an enzyme with a different function and hinted at an even broader diversity that is left to discover. In this study, a putative sucrose phosphorylase from Meiothermus silvanus that resides in a previously unexplored branch of the family's phylogenetic tree was expressed and characterized. Unexpectedly, no activity on sucrose was observed. Guided by a thorough inspection of the genomic landscape surrounding other genes in the branch, the enzyme was found to be a glucosylglycerate phosphorylase, with a specificity never before reported. Homology modeling, docking, and mutagenesis pinpointed particular acceptor site residues (Asn275 and Glu383) involved in the binding of glycerate. Various organisms known to synthesize and accumulate glucosylglycerate as a compatible solute possess a putative glucosylglycerate phosphorylase gene, indicating that the phosphorylase may be a regulator of its intracellular levels. Moreover, homologs of this novel enzyme appear to be distributed among diverse bacterial phyla, a finding which suggests that many more organisms may be capable of assimilating or synthesizing glucosylglycerate than previously assumed.IMPORTANCE Glycoside phosphorylases are an intriguing group of carbohydrate-active enzymes that have been used for the synthesis of various economically appealing glycosides and sugars, and they are frequently subjected to enzyme engineering to further expand their application potential. The novel specificity discovered in this work broadens the diversity of these phosphorylases and opens up new possibilities for the efficient production of glucosylglycerate, which is a remarkably potent and versatile stabilizer for protein formulations. Finally, it is a new piece of the puzzle of glucosylglycerate metabolism, being the only known enzyme capable of catalyzing the breakdown of glucosylglycerate in numerous bacterial phyla.
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21
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Feng J, Gu Y, Quan Y, Gao W, Dang Y, Cao M, Lu X, Wang Y, Song C, Wang S. Construction of energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathways for improving poly-γ-glutamic acid production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:98. [PMID: 28587617 PMCID: PMC5461702 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucrose is an naturally abundant and easily fermentable feedstock for various biochemical production processes. By now, several sucrose utilization pathways have been identified and characterized. Among them, the pathway consists of sucrose permease and sucrose phosphorylase is an energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathway because it consumes less ATP when comparing to other known pathways. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NK-1 strain can use sucrose as the feedstock to produce poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), a highly valuable biopolymer. The native sucrose utilization pathway in NK-1 strain consists of phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system and sucrose-6-P hydrolase and consumes more ATP than the energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathway. RESULTS In this study, the native sucrose utilization pathway in NK-1 was firstly deleted and generated the B. amyloliquefaciens 3Δ strain. Then four combination of heterologous energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathways were constructed and introduced into the 3Δ strain. Results demonstrated that the combination of cscB (encodes sucrose permease) from Escherichia coli and sucP (encodes sucrose phosphorylase) from Bifidobacterium adolescentis showed the highest sucrose metabolic efficiency. The corresponding mutant consumed 49.4% more sucrose and produced 38.5% more γ-PGA than the NK-1 strain under the same fermentation conditions. CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, this is the first report concerning the enhancement of the target product production by introducing the heterologous energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathways. Such a strategy can be easily extended to other microorganism hosts for reinforced biochemical production using sucrose as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanyan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yufen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weixia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yulei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Cunjiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Shufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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22
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Gudiminchi RK, Nidetzky B. Walking a Fine Line with Sucrose Phosphorylase: Efficient Single-Step Biocatalytic Production of l-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside from Sucrose. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1387-1390. [PMID: 28426168 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The 2-O-α-d-glucoside of l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is a highly stabilized form of vitamin C, with important industrial applications in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals. AA-2G is currently produced through biocatalytic glucosylation of l-ascorbic acid from starch-derived oligosaccharides. Sucrose would be an ideal substrate for AA-2G synthesis, but it lacks a suitable transglycosidase. We show here that in a narrow pH window (pH 4.8-6.0, with sharp optimum at pH 5.2), sucrose phosphorylases catalyzed the 2-O-α-glucosylation of l-ascorbic acid from sucrose with high efficiency and perfect site-selectivity. Optimized synthesis with the enzyme from Bifidobacterium longum at 40 °C gave a concentrated product (155 g L-1 ; 460 mm), from which pure AA-2G was readily recovered in ∼50 % overall yield, thus providing the basis for advanced production. The peculiar pH dependence is suggested to arise from a "reverse-protonation" mechanism in which the catalytic base Glu232 on the glucosyl-enzyme intermediate must be protonated for attack on the anomeric carbon from the 2-hydroxyl of the ionized l-ascorbate substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 14 Petersgasse, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 12/1 Petersgasse, 8010, Graz, Austria
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23
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Bassanini I, Krejzová J, Panzeri W, Monti D, Křen V, Riva S. A Sustainable One-Pot, Two-Enzyme Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Arylalkyl Glucosides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2040-2045. [PMID: 28186391 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable, convenient, scalable, one-pot, two-enzyme method for the glucosylation of arylalkyl alcohols was developed. The reaction scheme is based on a transrutinosylation catalyzed by a rutinosidase from A. niger using the cheap commercially available natural flavonoid rutin as glycosyl donor, followed by selective "trimming" of the rutinoside unit catalyzed by a rhamnosidase from A. terreus. The process was validated with the syntheses of several natural bioactive glucosides, which could be isolated in up to 75 % yield without silica-gel chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bassanini
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milano, 20131, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Jana Krejzová
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Science, Vídeňská 1083, CZ, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Panzeri
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milano, 20131, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Vladimir Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Science, Vídeňská 1083, CZ, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milano, 20131, Italy
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24
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Kraus M, Görl J, Timm M, Seibel J. Synthesis of the rare disaccharide nigerose by structure-based design of a phosphorylase mutant with altered regioselectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 52:4625-7. [PMID: 26878207 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00934d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of the natural acceptor inorganic phosphate wild-type sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaSP) produces maltose (4-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose) and kojibiose (2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose) as sole transfer products. A Q345F exchange switches the enzyme's regioselectivity from 2 to 3 exclusively, yielding the rare sugar nigerose (3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose, sakebiose).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kraus
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - J Görl
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - M Timm
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - J Seibel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
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25
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Pergolizzi G, Kuhaudomlarp S, Kalita E, Field RA. Glycan Phosphorylases in Multi-Enzyme Synthetic Processes. Protein Pept Lett 2017; 24:696-709. [PMID: 28799504 PMCID: PMC5688430 DOI: 10.2174/0929866524666170811125109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycoside phosphorylases catalyse the reversible synthesis of glycosidic bonds by glycosylation with concomitant release of inorganic phosphate. The equilibrium position of such reactions can render them of limited synthetic utility, unless coupled with a secondary enzymatic step where the reaction lies heavily in favour of product. This article surveys recent works on the combined use of glycan phosphorylases with other enzymes to achieve synthetically useful processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pergolizzi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH. United Kingdom
| | - Sakonwan Kuhaudomlarp
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH. United Kingdom
| | - Eeshan Kalita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH. United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH. United Kingdom
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26
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Nunes-Costa D, Maranha A, Costa M, Alarico S, Empadinhas N. Glucosylglycerate metabolism, bioversatility and mycobacterial survival. Glycobiology 2016; 27:213-227. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Bungaruang L, Gutmann A, Nidetzky B. β-Cyclodextrin Improves Solubility and EnzymaticC-Glucosylation of the Flavonoid Phloretin. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kraus M, Grimm C, Seibel J. Redesign of the Active Site of Sucrose Phosphorylase through a Clash-Induced Cascade of Loop Shifts. Chembiochem 2015; 17:33-6. [PMID: 26527586 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylases have been applied in the enzymatic production of glycosylated compounds for decades. However, several desirable acceptors, such as flavonoids or stilbenoids, that exhibit diverse antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic or antioxidant properties, remain poor substrates. The Q345F exchange in sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis allows efficient glucosylation of resveratrol, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin in yields of up to 97 % whereas the wild-type enzyme favours sucrose hydrolysis. Three previously undescribed products are made available. The crystal structure of the variant reveals a widened access channel with a hydrophobic aromatic surface that is likely to contribute to the improved activity towards aromatic acceptors. The generation of this channel can be explained in terms of a cascade of structural changes arising from the Q345F exchange. The observed mechanisms are likely to be relevant for the design of other tailor-made enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kraus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Grimm
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Kitaoka M. Diversity of phosphorylases in glycoside hydrolase families. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8377-90. [PMID: 26293338 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylases are useful catalysts for the practical preparation of various sugars. The number of known specificities was 13 in 2002 and is now 30. The drastic increase in available genome sequences has facilitated the discovery of novel activities. Most of these novel phosphorylase activities have been identified through the investigations of glycoside hydrolase families containing known phosphorylases. Here, the diversity of phosphorylases in each family is described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomitsu Kitaoka
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan.
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Wildberger P, Aish GA, Jakeman DL, Brecker L, Nidetzky B. Interplay of catalytic subsite residues in the positioning of α-d-glucose 1-phosphate in sucrose phosphorylase. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:36-44. [PMID: 26380381 PMCID: PMC4554294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic and molecular docking studies were performed to characterize the binding of α-d-glucose 1-phosphate (αGlc 1-P) at the catalytic subsite of a family GH-13 sucrose phosphorylase (from L. mesenteroides) in wild-type and mutated form. The best-fit binding mode of αGlc 1-P dianion had the phosphate group placed anti relative to the glucosyl moiety (adopting a relaxed 4C1 chair conformation) and was stabilized mainly by hydrogen bonds from residues of the enzyme׳s catalytic triad (Asp196, Glu237 and Asp295) and from Arg137. Additional feature of the αGlc 1-P docking pose was an intramolecular hydrogen bond (2.7 Å) between the glucosyl C2-hydroxyl and the phosphate oxygen. An inactive phosphonate analog of αGlc 1-P did not show binding to sucrose phosphorylase in different experimental assays (saturation transfer difference NMR, steady-state reversible inhibition), consistent with evidence from molecular docking study that also suggested a completely different and strongly disfavored binding mode of the analog as compared to αGlc 1-P. Molecular docking results also support kinetic data in showing that mutation of Phe52, a key residue at the catalytic subsite involved in transition state stabilization, had little effect on the ground-state binding of αGlc 1-P by the phosphorylase. However, when combined with a second mutation involving one of the catalytic triad residues, the mutation of Phe52 by Ala caused complete (F52A_D196A; F52A_E237A) or very large (F52A_D295A) disruption of the proposed productive binding mode of αGlc 1-P with consequent effects on the enzyme activity. Effects of positioning of αGlc 1-P for efficient glucosyl transfer from phosphate to the catalytic nucleophile of the enzyme (Asp196) are suggested. High similarity between the αGlc 1-P conformers bound to sucrose phosphorylase (modeled) and the structurally and mechanistically unrelated maltodextrin phosphorylase (experimental) is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Wildberger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gaia A. Aish
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15,000, 5968 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - David L. Jakeman
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15,000, 5968 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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31
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Dirks-Hofmeister ME, Verhaeghe T, De Winter K, Desmet T. Creating Space for Large Acceptors: Rational Biocatalyst Design for Resveratrol Glycosylation in an Aqueous System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9289-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Dirks-Hofmeister ME, Verhaeghe T, De Winter K, Desmet T. Creating Space for Large Acceptors: Rational Biocatalyst Design for Resveratrol Glycosylation in an Aqueous System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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De Winter K, Van Renterghem L, Wuyts K, Pelantová H, Křen V, Soetaert W, Desmet T. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of β-D-Glucosides using Cellobiose Phosphorylase fromClostridium thermocellum. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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De Bruyn F, Maertens J, Beauprez J, Soetaert W, De Mey M. Biotechnological advances in UDP-sugar based glycosylation of small molecules. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:288-302. [PMID: 25698505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of small molecules like specialized (secondary) metabolites has a profound impact on their solubility, stability or bioactivity, making glycosides attractive compounds as food additives, therapeutics or nutraceuticals. The subsequently growing market demand has fuelled the development of various biotechnological processes, which can be divided in the in vitro (using enzymes) or in vivo (using whole cells) production of glycosides. In this context, uridine glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have emerged as promising catalysts for the regio- and stereoselective glycosylation of various small molecules, hereby using uridine diphosphate (UDP) sugars as activated glycosyldonors. This review gives an extensive overview of the recently developed in vivo production processes using UGTs and discusses the major routes towards UDP-sugar formation. Furthermore, the use of interconverting enzymes and glycorandomization is highlighted for the production of unusual or new-to-nature glycosides. Finally, the technological challenges and future trends in UDP-sugar based glycosylation are critically evaluated and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik De Bruyn
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Maertens
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joeri Beauprez
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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35
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O'Neill EC, Field RA. Enzymatic synthesis using glycoside phosphorylases. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:23-37. [PMID: 25060838 PMCID: PMC4336185 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate phosphorylases are readily accessible but under-explored catalysts for glycoside synthesis. Their use of accessible and relatively stable sugar phosphates as donor substrates underlies their potential. A wide range of these enzymes has been reported of late, displaying a range of preferences for sugar donors, acceptors and glycosidic linkages. This has allowed this class of enzymes to be used in the synthesis of diverse carbohydrate structures, including at the industrial scale. As more phosphorylase enzymes are discovered, access to further difficult to synthesise glycosides will be enabled. Herein we review reported phosphorylase enzymes and the glycoside products that they have been used to synthesise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis C O'Neill
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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36
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Morimoto K, Yoshihara A, Furumoto T, Takata G. Production and application of a rare disaccharide using sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 119:652-6. [PMID: 25499751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides exhibited activity towards eight ketohexoses, which behaved as D-glucosyl acceptors, and α-D-glucose-1-phosphate (G1P), which behaved as a donor. All eight of these ketohexoses were subsequently transformed into the corresponding d-glucosyl-ketohexoses. Of the eight ketohexoses evaluated in the current study, d-allulose behaved as the best substrate for SPase, and the resulting d-glucosyl-d-alluloside product was found to be a non-reducing sugar with a specific optical rotation of [α]D(20) + 74.36°. D-Glucosyl-D-alluloside was identified as α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-allulofuranoside by NMR analysis. D-Glucosyl-D-alluloside exhibited an inhibitory activity towards an invertase from yeast with a Km value of 50 mM, where it behaved as a competitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 9.2 mM. D-Glucosyl-D-alluloside was also successfully produced from sucrose using SPase and D-tagatose 3-epimerase. This process also allowed for the production of G1P from sucrose and d-allulose from D-fructose, which suggested that this method could be used to prepare d-glucosyl-d-alluloside without the need for expensive reagents such as G1P and d-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Morimoto
- Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Akihide Yoshihara
- Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Toshio Furumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Goro Takata
- Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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37
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The quest for a thermostable sucrose phosphorylase reveals sucrose 6′-phosphate phosphorylase as a novel specificity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7027-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Mapping the acceptor site of sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis by alanine scanning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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A novel fluorescence assay and catalytic properties of Crh1 and Crh2 yeast cell wall transglycosylases. Biochem J 2013; 455:307-18. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20130354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence assay was devised for the determination of transglycosylating activities of Crh1 and Crh2 yeast cell wall mannoproteins. Both proteins use chitin derivatives as donors and oligosaccharides derived from chitin, β-(1,3)-glucan and β-(1,6)-glucan as acceptors in vitro and in vivo.
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40
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Ladevèze S, Tarquis L, Cecchini DA, Bercovici J, André I, Topham CM, Morel S, Laville E, Monsan P, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Potocki-Véronèse G. Role of glycoside phosphorylases in mannose foraging by human gut bacteria. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32370-32383. [PMID: 24043624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.483628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To metabolize both dietary fiber constituent carbohydrates and host glycans lining the intestinal epithelium, gut bacteria produce a wide range of carbohydrate-active enzymes, of which glycoside hydrolases are the main components. In this study, we describe the ability of phosphorylases to participate in the breakdown of human N-glycans, from an analysis of the substrate specificity of UhgbMP, a mannoside phosphorylase of the GH130 protein family discovered by functional metagenomics. UhgbMP is found to phosphorolyze β-D-Manp-1,4-β-D-GlcpNAc-1,4-D-GlcpNAc and is also a highly efficient enzyme to catalyze the synthesis of this precious N-glycan core oligosaccharide by reverse phosphorolysis. Analysis of sequence conservation within family GH130, mapped on a three-dimensional model of UhgbMP and supported by site-directed mutagenesis results, revealed two GH130 subfamilies and allowed the identification of key residues responsible for catalysis and substrate specificity. The analysis of the genomic context of 65 known GH130 sequences belonging to human gut bacteria indicates that the enzymes of the GH130_1 subfamily would be involved in mannan catabolism, whereas the enzymes belonging to the GH130_2 subfamily would rather work in synergy with glycoside hydrolases of the GH92 and GH18 families in the breakdown of N-glycans. The use of GH130 inhibitors as therapeutic agents or functional foods could thus be considered as an innovative strategy to inhibit N-glycan degradation, with the ultimate goal of protecting, or restoring, the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ladevèze
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse
| | - Laurence Tarquis
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse
| | - Davide A Cecchini
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse
| | - Juliette Bercovici
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse
| | - Isabelle André
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse
| | - Christopher M Topham
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse
| | - Sandrine Morel
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse
| | - Elisabeth Laville
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse
| | - Pierre Monsan
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse
| | - Vincent Lombard
- the Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- the Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Gabrielle Potocki-Véronèse
- From the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse,; the CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse,; the Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse.
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Aerts D, Verhaeghe T, Joosten HJ, Vriend G, Soetaert W, Desmet T. Consensus engineering of sucrose phosphorylase: The outcome reflects the sequence input. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2563-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Aerts
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653; B-9000; Ghent; Belgium
| | - Tom Verhaeghe
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653; B-9000; Ghent; Belgium
| | - Henk-Jan Joosten
- Bio-Prodict; Castellastraat 116; Nijmegen; 6512; EZ; The Netherlands
| | - Gert Vriend
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; PO Box 9101; Nijmegen; 6500; HB; The Netherlands
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653; B-9000; Ghent; Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653; B-9000; Ghent; Belgium
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42
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Park HY, Choi HD, Eom H, Choi I. Enzymatic modification enhances the protective activity of citrus flavonoids against alcohol-induced liver disease. Food Chem 2013; 139:231-40. [PMID: 23561100 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) can be developed by a prolonged or large intake of alcohol in a short period of time. ALD is considered as a leading cause for a liver injury in modern dietary life. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of orally administrated citrus flavonoids (CFs) and their enzymatically modified ones (EM-CFs) to prevent ALD. Hesperidin and narirutin were extracted from peels of Citrus unshiu by ultra-sonication and purified further. These CFs were modified enzymatically through glycosylation and de-rhamnosylation by the actions of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) and hesperidinase, respectively. CFs and EM-CFs were fed to ICR mouse along with ethanol for 8 weeks, and changes in lipid contents, lipid peroxidation, GSH, antioxidant enzymes activity and proinflammatory cytokines in hepatic tissues were observed. Administration of CFs and EM-CFs along with alcohol significantly suppressed increases in prognostic parameters of a hepatocellular injury. Especially, EM-CFs fed groups maintained malondialdehyde, GSH levels and catalase activity in hepatic tissues close to those of the normal diet fed group. Abrupt increases in proinflammatory cytokines such as IκB-α, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in hepatocytes due to a chronic alcohol uptake were significantly suppressed by co-administration of EM-CFs. These results indicate that although the administration of CFs can alleviate ALD through preventing excessive lipid formation, protecting the antioxidant system and suppressing induction of inflammation in hepatocytes, their effectiveness can be further improved by glycosylation and de-rhamnosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Park
- Functional Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea
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43
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De Winter K, Soetaert W, Desmet T. An imprinted cross-linked enzyme aggregate (iCLEA) of sucrose phosphorylase: combining improved stability with altered specificity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11333-11342. [PMID: 23109856 PMCID: PMC3472748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial use of sucrose phosphorylase (SP), an interesting biocatalyst for the selective transfer of α-glucosyl residues to various acceptor molecules, has been hampered by a lack of long-term stability and low activity towards alternative substrates. We have recently shown that the stability of the SP from Bifidobacterium adolescentis can be significantly improved by the formation of a cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA). In this work, it is shown that the transglucosylation activity of such a CLEA can also be improved by molecular imprinting with a suitable substrate. To obtain proof of concept, SP was imprinted with α-glucosyl glycerol and subsequently cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. As a consequence, the enzyme's specific activity towards glycerol as acceptor substrate was increased two-fold while simultaneously providing an exceptional stability at 60 °C. This procedure can be performed in an aqueous environment and gives rise to a new enzyme formulation called iCLEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel De Winter
- Centre of Expertise for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mails: (K.D.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Centre of Expertise for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mails: (K.D.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre of Expertise for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mails: (K.D.W.); (W.S.)
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Du L, Yang H, Huo Y, Wei H, Xu Y, Wei Y, Huang R. A novel sucrose phosphorylase from the metagenomes of sucrose-rich environment: isolation and characterization. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2871-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ojima T, Aizawa K, Saburi W, Yamamoto T. α-Glucosylated 6-gingerol: chemoenzymatic synthesis using α-glucosidase from Halomonas sp. H11, and its physical properties. Carbohydr Res 2012; 354:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Characterization of Halomonas sp. strain H11 α-glucosidase activated by monovalent cations and its application for efficient synthesis of α-D-glucosylglycerol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1836-45. [PMID: 22226947 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07514-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An α-glucosidase (HaG) with the following unique properties was isolated from Halomonas sp. strain H11: (i) high transglucosylation activity, (ii) activation by monovalent cations, and (iii) very narrow substrate specificity. The molecular mass of the purified HaG was estimated to be 58 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). HaG showed high hydrolytic activities toward maltose, sucrose, and p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucoside (pNPG) but to almost no other disaccharides or malto-oligosaccharides higher than trisaccharides. HaG showed optimum activity to maltose at 30°C and pH 6.5. Monovalent cations such as K(+), Rb(+), Cs(+), and NH(4)(+) increased the enzymatic activity to 2- to 9-fold of the original activity. These ions shifted the activity-pH profile to the alkaline side. The optimum temperature rose to 40°C in the presence of 10 mM NH(4)(+), although temperature stability was not affected. The apparent K(m) and k(cat) values for maltose and pNPG were significantly improved by monovalent cations. Surprisingly, k(cat)/K(m) for pNPG increased 372- to 969-fold in their presence. HaG used some alcohols as acceptor substrates in transglucosylation and was useful for efficient synthesis of α-d-glucosylglycerol. The efficiency of the production level was superior to that of the previously reported enzyme Aspergillus niger α-glucosidase in terms of small amounts of by-products. Sequence analysis of HaG revealed that it was classified in glycoside hydrolase family 13. Its amino acid sequence showed high identities, 60%, 58%, 57%, and 56%, to Xanthomonas campestris WU-9701 α-glucosidase, Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani 756C oligo-1,6-glucosidase, Pseudomonas stutzeri DSM 4166 oligo-1,6-glucosidase, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens F2 α-glucosidase, respectively.
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