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Chitriv SP, Saini V, Ratna D, P VR. Carbon nanotubes synthesis over coal ash based catalysts using polypropylene waste via CVD process: Influence of catalyst and reaction temperature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121881. [PMID: 39018861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Coal ash containing significant amount of SiO2 and Al2O3 is utilized as a catalyst substrate for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesis. Three different types of catalysts were made by impregnating coal ash with cobalt, iron, and nickel. These catalysts were used to produce CNTs through pyrolysis of waste polypropylene followed by chemical vapor deposition. The influence of catalyst type and reaction temperature (700, 800 and 900 °C) on CNTs yield and its quality was studied in detail. The produced CNTs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman scattering and electron microscopes (FESEM and HRTEM). The TGA results revealed that the Ni catalyst produced CNTs with highest yield (266 %) compared to those synthesized over and Fe (96 %) and Co (95 %). However, the yield of the CNTs from all three metal impregnated coal ash based catalysts was found to have decreased with increase in reaction temperature. The thermal stability of CNTs obtained over different catalysts followed the order of Fe (570 °C) > Ni (550 °C) > Co (530 °C). Further, the Raman analysis demonstrated that the produced CNTs over different catalysts showed increasing degree of graphitization with the rise in reaction temperature. Additionally, the ID/IG ratios indicated that CNTs produced from Fe catalyst showed highest degree of graphitization followed by Co and Ni. FESEM and HRTEM analysis showed that the coal ash based catalysts produced multiwalled CNTs and the diameter of the CNTs was increasing with the rise in catalysis temperature. Therefore, co-utilization of coal ash and waste plastic for production of high value CNTs can be a sustainable approach to waste management while actively contributing in circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham P Chitriv
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
| | - Vageesh Saini
- Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Debarshi Ratna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
| | - Vijayakumar R P
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
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2
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Sun X, Hou X, Dong A, Tian C, Yin L, Huang J, Cui T, Yuan E. Fabrication of Fe-Zr, Co-Zr, and Ni-Zr Catalysts to Boost CNTs Synthesis from Plastic Wastes and the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39018430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The efficient conversion of plastic wastes to high-value carbon materials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is one important issue about the rational recycling, reduction, and reuse of solid wastes. Herein, Fe-, Co-, and Ni-Zr catalysts were prepared and used for CNTs synthesis from polyethylene (PE) waste via a two-stage reaction system. At the same time, the effects of the PE/catalyst ratio and reaction temperature on CNTs synthesis have been studied. Compared with Co-Zr and Ni-Zr, Fe-Zr exhibited the best activity in CNTs synthesis from PE, and it achieved the highest CNTs yield of 806.3 mg/g (per gram of Fe-Zr) at 800 °C with a PE/catalyst ratio of 4. Furthermore, the obtained Fe-Zr/CNTs composite exhibited a low overpotential of 267 mV for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 20 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution, which was 21 mV lower than commercial RuO2 (288 mV) and 50 mV lower than Fe-Zr (317 mV). It was deduced that the in situ growth of CNTs reduced the charge transfer resistance and improved the electron transport efficiency of the Fe-Zr/CNTs composite, leading to superior activity in the electrocatalytic OER. This work provided detailed information for the preparation of the metal/CNTs composite from plastic wastes, which contributed positively to alleviate the environment and energy crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xu Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ao Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Changchang Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Li Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Cui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P. R. China
| | - Enxian Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China
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3
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Fratto E, Wang J, Yang Z, Sun H, Gu Z. Site-selective core/shell deposition of tin on multi-segment nanowires for magnetic assembly and soldered interconnection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:355604. [PMID: 38834041 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad53d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology continues to grow with the ongoing discovery and characterization of novel nanomaterials with unconventional size-dependent properties; however, the ability to apply modern manufacturing strategies for practical device design of these nanoscale structures is significantly limited by their small size. Although interconnection has been previously demonstrated between nanoscale components, such approaches often require the use of expensive oxidation-resistant noble metal materials and time-consuming or untargeted strategies for welded interconnection such as laser ablation or plasmonic resonance across randomly oriented component networks. In this work, a three-segment gold-nickel-gold nanowire structure is synthesized using templated electrodeposition and modified via monolayer-directed aqueous chemical reduction of tin solder selectively on the gold segments. This core/shell nanowire structure is capable of directed magnetic assembly tip-to-tip and along substrate pads in network orientation. Upon infrared heating in a flux vapor atmosphere, the solder payload melts and establishes robust and highly conductive wire-wire joints. The targeted solder deposition strategy has been applied to various other multi-segment gold/nickel nanowire configurations and other metallic systems to demonstrate the capability of the approach. This core/shell technique of pre-loading magnetically active nanowires with solder material simplifies the associated challenges of size-dependent component orientation in the manufacture of nanoscale electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Fratto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
| | - Jirui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
| | - Zhengyang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Zhiyong Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
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Shoukat B, Hussain H, Naz MY, Ibrahim AA, Shukrullah S, Khan Y, Zhang Y. Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Deconstruction of Plastics Waste into Nanostructured Carbon and Hydrogen Fuel Using Composite Magnetic Ferrite Catalysts. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:3318047. [PMID: 38855033 PMCID: PMC11161267 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3318047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Finding new catalysts and pyrolysis technologies for efficiently recycling wasted plastics into fuels and structured solid materials of high selectivity is the need of time. Catalytic pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that cracks the feedstock in an inert gas environment into gaseous and liquid fuels and a residue. This study is conducted on microwave-assisted catalytic recycling of wasted plastics into nanostructured carbon and hydrogen fuel using composite magnetic ferrite catalysts. The composite ferrite catalysts, namely, NiZnFe2O4, NiMgFe2O4, and MgZnFe2O4 were produced through the coprecipitation method and characterized for onward use in the microwave-assisted valorization of wasted plastics. The ferrite nanoparticles worked as a catalyst and heat susceptor for uniformly distributed energy transfer from microwaves to the feedstock at a moderate temperature of 450°C. The type of catalyst and the working parameters significantly impacted the process efficiency, gas yield, and structural properties of the carbonaceous residue. The tested process took 2-8 minutes to pulverize feedstock into gas and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), depending on the catalyst type. The NiZnFe2O4-catalyzed process produced CNTs with good structural properties and fewer impurities compared to other catalysts. The NiMgFe2O4 catalyst performed better in terms of hydrogen evolution by showing 87.5% hydrogen (H2) composition in the evolved gases. Almost 90% of extractable hydrogen from the feedstock evolved during the first 2 minutes of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Shoukat
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Hussain
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin Naz
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Shukrullah
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Yasin Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaning Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, China
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Cheng Y, Wang J, Fang C, Du Y, Su J, Chen J, Zhang Y. Recent Progresses in Pyrolysis of Plastic Packaging Wastes and Biomass Materials for Conversion of High-Value Carbons: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1066. [PMID: 38674986 PMCID: PMC11054047 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recycling of plastic packaging wastes helps to alleviate the problems of white pollution and resource shortage. It is very necessary to develop high-value conversion technologies for plastic packaging wastes. To our knowledge, carbon materials with excellent properties have been widely used in energy storage, adsorption, water treatment, aerospace and functional packaging, and so on. Waste plastic packaging and biomass materials are excellent precursor materials of carbon materials due to their rich sources and high carbon content. Thus, the conversion from waste plastic packaging and biomass materials to carbon materials attracts much attention. However, closely related reviews are lacking up to now. In this work, the pyrolysis routes of the pyrolysis of plastic packaging wastes and biomass materials for conversion to high-value carbons and the influence factors were analyzed. Additionally, the applications of these obtained carbons were summarized. Furthermore, the limitations of the current pyrolysis technology are put forward and the research prospects are forecasted. Therefore, this review can provide a useful reference and guide for the research on the pyrolysis of plastic packaging wastes and biomass materials and the conversion to high-value carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Cheng
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Changqing Fang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanli Du
- Shaanxi Zhonghe Dadi Industrial Limited Company, Xianyang 712099, China;
| | - Jian Su
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingshuan Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
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Pattanshetti A, Koli A, Dhabbe R, Yu XY, Motkuri RK, Chavan VD, Kim DK, Sabale S. Polymer Waste Valorization into Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials for Potential Energy and Environment Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300647. [PMID: 38243849 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The rise in universal population and accompanying demands have directed toward an exponential surge in the generation of polymeric waste. The estimate predicts that world-wide plastic production will rise to ≈590 million metric tons by 2050, whereas 5000 million more tires will be routinely abandoned by 2030. Handling this waste and its detrimental consequences on the Earth's ecosystem and human health presents a significant challenge. Converting the wastes into carbon-based functional materials viz. activated carbon, graphene, and nanotubes is considered the most scientific and adaptable method. Herein, this world provides an overview of the various sources of polymeric wastes, modes of build-up, impact on the environment, and management approaches. Update on advances and novel modifications made in methodologies for converting diverse types of polymeric wastes into carbon nanomaterials over the last 5 years are given. A remarkable focus is made to comprehend the applications of polymeric waste-derived carbon nanomaterials (PWDCNMs) in the CO2 capture, removal of heavy metal ions, supercapacitor-based energy storage and water splitting with an emphasis on the correlation between PWDCNMs' properties and their performances. This review offers insights into emerging developments in the upcycling of polymeric wastes and their applications in environment and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata Pattanshetti
- Department of Chemistry, Jaysingpur College Jaysingpur (Shivaji University Kolhapur), Jaysingpur, 416101, India
| | - Amruta Koli
- Department of Chemistry, Jaysingpur College Jaysingpur (Shivaji University Kolhapur), Jaysingpur, 416101, India
| | - Rohant Dhabbe
- Department of Chemistry, Jaysingpur College Jaysingpur (Shivaji University Kolhapur), Jaysingpur, 416101, India
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Radha Kishan Motkuri
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99354, USA
| | - Vijay D Chavan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Deok-Kee Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Sandip Sabale
- Department of Chemistry, Jaysingpur College Jaysingpur (Shivaji University Kolhapur), Jaysingpur, 416101, India
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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Meenatchi R, Bhat MA, Hussain N, Arockiaraj J, Ngo HH, Sharma A, Nguyen HT, Pugazhendhi A. Mitigating microplastic pollution: A critical review on the effects, remediation, and utilization strategies of microplastics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119988. [PMID: 38181686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are found ubiquitous in the natural environment and are an increasing source of worry for global health. Rapid industrialization and inappropriate plastic waste management in our daily lives have resulted in an increase in the amount of microplastics in the ecosystem. Microplastics that are <150 μm in size could be easily ingested by living beings and cause considerable toxicity. Microplastics can aggregate in living organisms and cause acute, chronic, carcinogenic, developmental, and genotoxic damage. As a result, a sustainable approach to reducing, reusing, and recycling plastic waste is required to manage microplastic pollution in the environment. However, there is still a significant lack of effective methods for managing these pollutants. As a result, the purpose of this review is to convey information on microplastic toxicity and management practices that may aid in the reduction of microplastic pollution. This review further insights on how plastic trash could be converted as value-added products, reducing the load of accumulating plastic wastes in the environment, and leading to a beneficial endeavor for humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Mansoor Ahmad Bhat
- Eskişehir Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Naseer Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
| | - H T Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
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Kim J, Lee H, Lee J, Yoo H, Jo I, Lee H. Solution Combustion Synthesis of Ni-Based Nanocatalyst Using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Nickel-Carbon Nanotube Growth Behavior. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7191. [PMID: 38005120 PMCID: PMC10673081 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied the influence of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) content used as combustion fuel when fabricating nickel oxide (NiO) nanocatalysts via solution combustion synthesis, as well as the growth behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using this catalyst. Nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O) was used as the metal precursor (an oxidizer), and the catalysts were synthesized by adjusting the molar ratio of fuel (EDTA) to oxidizer in the range of 1:0.25 to 2.0. The results of the crystal structure analysis showed that as the EDTA content increased beyond the chemical stoichiometric balance with Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O (F/O = 0.25), the proportion of Ni metal within the catalyst particles decreased, and only single-phase NiO was observed. Among the synthesized catalysts, the smallest crystallite size was observed with a 1:1 ratio of Ni ions to EDTA. However, an increase in the amount of EDTA resulted in excessive fuel supply, leading to an increase in crystallite size. Microstructure analysis revealed porous NiO agglomerates due to the use of EDTA, and differences in particle growth based on the fuel ratio were observed. We analyzed the growth behavior of CNTs grown using NiO nanocatalysts through catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD). As the F/O ratio increased, it was observed that the catalyst particles grew excessively beyond hundreds of nanometers, preventing further CNT growth and leading to a rapid termination of CNT growth. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the structural characteristics of CNTs, and it was found that the ID/IG ratio indicated the highest CNT crystallinity near an F/O ratio of 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Kim
- School of Convergence Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hwanseok Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Hyunjo Yoo
- School of Convergence Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ilguk Jo
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (J.L.)
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Zhang X, Jiang Y, Kong G, Liu Q, Zhang G, Wang K, Cao T, Cheng Q, Zhang Z, Ji G, Han L. CO 2-mediated catalytic upcycling of plastic waste for H 2-rich syngas and carbon nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132500. [PMID: 37708645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
To establish a reliable disposal platform of plastic waste, this work developed a novel dual-stage CO2-medaited decomposition-catalysis route by applying multi-functional zeolite-supported bimetallic catalysts. Catalytic upcycling of plastic was first performed in Ar as a reference environment. Bimetallic Fe-Co/ZSM5 catalyst achieved the highest gas yield (53.98 mmol/g), with a H2 proportion of 62.17 vol%. It was evidenced that the Fe-Co alloy had an apparent positive synergistic effect on catalytic cracking and reforming of intermediate volatiles into H2-rich fuel gas and pure carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Regarding CO2-mediated decomposition-catalysis of plastic, there was an apparent synergistic effect between metallic Ni and Fe on gas production so that bimetallic Ni-Fe catalyst gained the maximum cumulative gas yield of 82.33 mmol/g, with a syngas purity of ∼74%. Ni-Fe/ZSM5 also achieved the maximum hydrogen efficiency (87.38%) and CO2-to-CO conversion efficiency (98.62%), implying hydrogen content in plastic and oxygen content in CO2 were essentially converted into gases. Additionally, bimetallic Ni-Fe catalyst revealed the highest carbon production (33.74 wt%), witnessing a synergistic enhancement of 43.45%; specially, approximately 257 mg/g CNTs were anchored on Ni-Fe/ZSM5, with a CNTs purity of over 76%. Overall, this study offers a superb solution in plastic waste valorization and greenhouse gas emission management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ge Kong
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanyu Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kejie Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianqi Cao
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanya Ji
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Irfan M, Saleem R, Shoukat B, Hussain H, Shukrullah S, Naz MY, Rahman S, Ghanim AAJ, Nawalany G, Jakubowski T. Production of combustible fuels and carbon nanotubes from plastic wastes using an in-situ catalytic microwave pyrolysis process. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9057. [PMID: 37270598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study performed in-situ microwave pyrolysis of plastic waste into hydrogen, liquid fuel and carbon nanotubes in the presence of Zeolite Socony Mobil ZSM-5 catalyst. In the presented microwave pyrolysis of plastics, activated carbon was used as a heat susceptor. The microwave power of 1 kW was employed to decompose high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) wastes at moderate temperatures of 400-450 °C. The effect of plastic composition, catalyst loading and plastic type on liquid, gas and solid carbon products was quantified. This in-situ CMP reaction resulted in heavy hydrocarbons, hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes as a solid residue. A relatively better hydrogen yield of 129.6 mmol/g as a green fuel was possible in this process. FTIR and gas chromatography analysis revealed that liquid product consisted of C13+ fraction hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, alkanes, and aromatics. TEM micrographs showed tubular-like structural morphology of the solid residue, which was identified as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during X-ray diffraction analysis. The outer diameter of CNTs ranged from 30 to 93 nm from HDPE, 25-93 nm from PP and 30-54 nm for HDPE-PP mixure. The presented CMP process took just 2-4 min to completely pyrolyze the plastic feedstock into valuable products, leaving no polymeric residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rishmail Saleem
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Shoukat
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Hussain
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Shukrullah
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yasin Naz
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Grzegorz Nawalany
- Department of Rural Building, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jakubowski
- Department of Machine Operation, Ergonomics and Production Processes, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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11
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Zhu Y, Miao J, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Long M, Wang J, Wu C. Carbon nanotubes production from real-world waste plastics and the pyrolysis behaviour. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 166:141-151. [PMID: 37172515 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the pyrolysis behaviour of real-world waste plastics (RWWP) and using them as the feedstock to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could serve as an effective solution to address the global waste plastics catastrophe. This research aimed to characterize the pyrolysis behaviour of RWWP via thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and fast pyrolysis-TG/mass spectrometry (Py-TG/MS) analyses. Activation energies (131.04 kJ mol-1 -171.04 kJ mol-1) for RWWP pyrolysis were calculated by three methods: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method, and Starink method. Py-TG/MS results indicated that the RWWP could be identified as polystyrene (RWWP-1), polyethylene (RWWP-2), polyethylene terephthalate (RWWP-3, 4), and polypropylene (RWWP-5, 6). In addition, RWWP-1, 2, 5, 6 outperform RWWP-3 and 4 as sources of carbon for producing CNTs. The results showed a high carbon yield of 32.21 wt% and a high degree of CNT purity at 93.04%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Chunchun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Cheng
- Bioenergy Research Group, EBRI, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Bioenergy Research Group, EBRI, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom.
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12
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Wyss KM, Li JT, Advincula PA, Bets KV, Chen W, Eddy L, Silva KJ, Beckham JL, Chen J, Meng W, Deng B, Nagarajaiah S, Yakobson BI, Tour JM. Upcycling of Waste Plastic into Hybrid Carbon Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209621. [PMID: 36694364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic 1D and hybrid nanomaterials represent a powerful solution in composite and electronic applications due to exceptional properties, but large-scale synthesis of hybrid materials has yet to be realized. Here, a rapid, scalable method to produce graphitic 1D materials from polymers using flash Joule heating (FJH) is reported. This avoids lengthy chemical vapor deposition and uses no solvent or water. The flash 1D materials (F1DM), synthesized using a variety of earth-abundant catalysts, have controllable diameters and morphologies by parameter tuning. Furthermore, the process can be modified to form hybrid materials, with F1DM bonded to turbostratic graphene. In nanocomposites, F1DM outperform commercially available carbon nanotubes. Compared to current 1D material synthetic strategies using life cycle assessment, FJH synthesis represents an 86-92% decrease in cumulative energy demand and 92-94% decrease in global-warming potential. This work suggests that FJH affords a cost-effective and sustainable route to upcycle waste plastic into valuable 1D and hybrid nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Wyss
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - John T Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Paul A Advincula
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Weiyin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Lucas Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Karla J Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jacob L Beckham
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jinhang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Bing Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Satish Nagarajaiah
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Welch Institute for Advanced Materials, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Welch Institute for Advanced Materials, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Welch Institute for Advanced Materials, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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13
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Abstract
The accumulation of waste plastics has caused serious environmental issues due to their unbiodegradable nature and hazardous additives. Converting waste plastics to different carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is a promising approach to minimize plastic pollution and realize advanced manufacturing of CNMs. The reported plastic-derived carbons include carbon filaments (i.e. carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers), graphene, carbon nanosheets, carbon sphere, and porous carbon. In this review, we present the influences of different intrinsic structures of plastics on the pyrolysis intermediates. We also reveal that non-charring plastics are prone to being pyrolyzed into light hydrocarbons while charring plastics are prone to being pyrolyzed into aromatics. Subsequently, light hydrocarbons favor to form graphite while aromatics are inclined to form amorphous carbon during the carbon formation process. In addition, the conversion tendency of different plastics into various morphologies of carbon is concluded. We also discuss other impact factors during the transformation process, including catalysts, temperature, processing duration and templates, and reveal how to obtain different morphological CNMs from plastics. Finally, current technology limitations and perspectives are presented to provide future research directions in effective plastic conversion and advanced CNM synthesis. The impact factors in transforming plastics into carbon nanomaterials are reviewed. The carbon morphology tendency from different plastics is revealed. Directions for future research on plastic carbonization are presented.
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14
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Afonnikova SD, Mishakov IV, Bauman YI, Trenikhin MV, Shubin YV, Serkova AN, Vedyagin AA. Preparation of Ni–Cu Catalyst for Carbon Nanofiber Production by the Mechanochemical Route. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Eldahshory AI, Emara K, Abd-Elhady MS, Ismail MA. High Quality and Maximizing the Production of CNTs from the Pyrolysis of Waste Polypropylene. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThermal decomposition of plastics by pyrolysis into oil is a successful way of treating wastes. Nevertheless, the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from wastes improves the feasibility of the waste management process. An experimental setup was developed to study the influence of different heating rates on the produced oil by pyrolysis of waste polypropylene (WPP), and the influence of using foamed nickel on the produced CNTs as a function of operating temperature and heating rate. Different heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 °C/min were examined, as well as the different carbon vapor deposition (CVD) temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C were studied. It has been found that increasing the heating rate from 5 to 20 °C/min increases the oil yield from 59.3 to 71%, but on the other hand it decreases the quality of the oil. It has been also found that increasing the heating rate decreases the quality of CNTs, i.e., uniform CNTs with small diameter and small wall thickness, and as well as the quantity. The physical properties of the produced CNTs have been improved by increasing the CVD temperature; however, the quantity of CNTs decreased. The highest yield of CNTs produced was 43.12% at the lowest CVD temperature and heating rate examined, i.e., 600 and 5 °C/min, respectively. The optimum heating rate and CVD temperature for the pyrolysis of waste polypropylene to achieve the highest quality of CNTs with moderate production of 39.34%, is the lowest heating rate examined, i.e., 5 °C/min, with a moderate CVD temperature of 700 °C.
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16
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Igalavithana AD, Yuan X, Attanayake CP, Wang S, You S, Tsang DCW, Nzihou A, Ok YS. Sustainable management of plastic wastes in COVID-19 pandemic: The biochar solution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113495. [PMID: 35660402 PMCID: PMC9155208 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the COVID-19 transmission, personal protective equipment (PPE) and packaging materials have been extensively used but often managed inappropriately, generating huge amount of plastic waste. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the plastic products utilized and the types and amounts of plastic waste generated since the outbreak of COVID-19, and reviewed the potential treatments for these plastic wastes. Upcycling of plastic waste into biochar was addressed from the perspectives of both environmental protection and practical applications, which can be verified as promising materials for environmental protections and energy storages. Moreover, novel upcycling of plastic waste into biochar is beneficial to mitigate the ubiquitous plastic pollution, avoiding harmful impacts on human and ecosystem through direct and indirect micro-/nano-plastic transmission routes, and achieving the sustainable plastic waste management for value-added products, simultaneously. This suggests that the plastic waste could be treated as a valuable resource in an advanced and green manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanthi D Igalavithana
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka; Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Xiangzhou Yuan
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; R&D Centre, Sun Brand Industrial Inc., Jeollanam-do, 57248, South Korea
| | - Chammi P Attanayake
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Shujun Wang
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siming You
- Division of Systems, Power and Energy, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ange Nzihou
- Université de Toulouse, Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, F-81013, Albi Cedex 09, France; Princeton University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Princeton University, Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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17
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18
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Yaqoob L, Noor T, Iqbal N. Conversion of Plastic Waste to Carbon-Based Compounds and Application in Energy Storage Devices. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13403-13435. [PMID: 35559169 PMCID: PMC9088909 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
At present, plastic waste accumulation has been observed as one of the most alarming environmental challenges, affecting all forms of life, economy, and natural ecosystems, worldwide. The overproduction of plastic materials is mainly due to human population explosion as well as extraordinary proliferation in the global economy accompanied by global productivity. Under this threat, the development of benign and green alternative solutions instead of traditional disposal methods such as conversion of plastic waste materials into cherished carbonaceous nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), graphene, activated carbon, and porous carbon is of utmost importance. This critical review thoroughly summarizes the different types of daily used plastics, their types, properties, ways of accumulation and their effect on the environment and human health, treatment of waste materials, conversion of waste materials into carbon-based compounds through different synthetic schemes, and their utilization in energy storage devices particularly in supercapacitors, as well as future perspectives. The main purpose of this review is to help the targeted audience to design their futuristic study in this desired field by providing information about the work done in the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Yaqoob
- School
of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University
of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- School
of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Iqbal
- U.S.
-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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19
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Ribeiro RS, Vieira O, Fernandes R, Roman FF, Diaz de Tuesta JL, Silva AMT, Gomes HT. Synthesis of low-density polyethylene derived carbon nanotubes for activation of persulfate and degradation of water organic micropollutants in continuous mode. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 308:114622. [PMID: 35124314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic derived carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were tested as catalysts in persulfate activation for the first time. Four catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation and co-precipitation (using Al2O3, Ni, Fe and/or Al) and implemented to grow CNTs by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as carbon feedstock. A catalyst screening was performed in batch mode and the best performing CNTs (CNT@Ni+Fe/Al2O3-cp) led to a high venlafaxine mass removal rate (3.17 mg g-1 h-1) in ultrapure water after 90 min (even with a mixture of micropollutants). Its degradation increased when the matrix was replaced by drinking water and negligibly affected in surface water. A composite polymeric membrane was then fabricated with CNT@Ni+Fe/Al2O3-cp and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a high venlafaxine mass removal rate in surface water being also observed in 24 h of continuous operation. Therefore, the results herein reported open a window of opportunity for the valorisation of plastic wastes in this catalytic application performed in continuous mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Octávia Vieira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Fernandes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda F Roman
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jose L Diaz de Tuesta
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder T Gomes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
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20
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Jia J, Veksha A, Lim TT, Lisak G. Temperature-dependent synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from plastic waste over A-site-deficient perovskite La 0.8Ni 1-xCo xO 3-δ. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132831. [PMID: 34767850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermochemical conversion of plastic wastes into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hydrogen is a promising management option to eliminate their hazardous effect. The yields and morphologies of CNTs strongly depend on the catalyst design and reaction conditions. To boost the efficiency, tuning of bimetallic nanoparticles as catalyst is an effective approach. For that reason, A-site-deficient perovskite La0·8Ni1-xCoxO3-δ (LN1-xCx, x = 0.15, 0.5, 0.85) was developed and used as a catalyst precursor to achieve in situ formation of bimetallic Ni-Co nanoparticles. At an optimized Ni-to-Co ratio, the LN0.5C0.5 exhibited the highest yields of multi-walled CNTs, namely 840 and 853 mg/gcatalyst from high density polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively. This could be attributed to the higher catalytic capability of LN0.5C0.5 catalyst for the decomposition of hydrocarbons into hydrogen and carbon. In both cases, multi-walled CNTs had regular shapes when the reaction temperature was 700 °C. At higher reaction temperatures, the morphological changes of carbon products were observed from multi-walled CNTs to carbon nano-onions. The Raman spectra showed that compared with the commercial multi-walled CNTs, the as-prepared multi-walled CNTs had a lower degree of defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Jia
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Andrei Veksha
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Teik-Thye Lim
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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21
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Wang Y, Cai N, Yang H, Wu C. Application of Carbon Nanotubes from Waste Plastics As Filler to Epoxy Resin Composite. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:2204-2213. [PMID: 35572496 PMCID: PMC9097581 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanofillers to enhance the mechanical performance of polymers. Through catalytic conversion, waste plastics can be converted into CNTs, which could be an alternative to commercial CNTs (cCNTs). Exploring a practical application of waste-plastic-derived CNTs will largely promote the technology development related to waste plastic management and CNT production. In this work, CNTs produced from plastics, named pCNTs, were applied as fillers to epoxy resin (EP), while commercial CNTs (cCNTs) were used as a reference. The carboxyl groups were effectively inserted on the CNT skeleton by a facile purification and modification. After ultrasonic dispersion, the modified pCNTs (M-pCNTs) were uniformly dispersed and loaded in the EP matrix. Better mechanical properties than EP were attained with a Young's modulus of 3776.9 MPa, a tensile strength of 37.3 MPa, a fracture strain of 6.32%, and a fracture strength of 111.7 MPa with 2 wt % M-pCNT loading. Thus, pCNTs enhanced the toughness of the EP composites and simultaneously retained the stiffness. It was suggested that CNT pull-out and bridging were predominant toughening mechanisms for pCNT/EP composites. Notably, the coated film developed between residual metal in M-pCNTs and EP built a strong interfacial interaction and reinforced the EP composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ning Cai
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China
- E-mail:
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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22
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Gebre SH, Sendeku MG, Bahri M. Recent Trends in the Pyrolysis of Non-Degradable Waste Plastics. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1202-1226. [PMID: 34873881 PMCID: PMC8649616 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste plastics are non-degradable constituents that can stay in the environment for centuries. Their large land space consumption is unsafe to humans and animals. Concomitantly, the continuous engineering of plastics, which causes depletion of petroleum, poses another problem since they are petroleum-based materials. Therefore, energy recovering trough pyrolysis is an innovative and sustainable solution since it can be practiced without liberating toxic gases into the atmosphere. The most commonly used plastics, such as HDPE, LDPE (high- and low-density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene), and, to some extent, PC (polycarbonate), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), and PET (polyethylene terephthalate), are used for fuel oil recovery through this process. The oils which are generated from the wastes showed caloric values almost comparable with conventional fuels. The main aim of the present review is to highlight and summarize the trends of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic into valuable fuel products through manipulating the operational parameters that influence the quality or quantity of the recovered results. The properties and product distribution of the pyrolytic fuels and the depolymerization reaction mechanisms of each plastic and their byproduct composition are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marshet Getaye Sendeku
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceCAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P.R. China
| | - Mohamed Bahri
- University of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P.R. China
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23
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Haleem N, Jamal Y, Khan SN, Baig MA, Wahab M, Yang X. Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) from Poultry Litter for Removal of Chromium (Cr (VI)) from Wastewater. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185195. [PMID: 34576419 PMCID: PMC8465702 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pakistan, an agricultural country, raises 146.5 million commercial and domestic poultry birds, which generate around 544,831 tons of waste per year. This waste finds its final disposal in agricultural land as soil fertilizer or disposal site amendment. The usage of poultry litter for this purpose is uncontrolled, which results in environmental degradation such as emission of greenhouse gases, e.g., methane. However, alternative options such as thermochemical conversion of poultry litter can offer better solutions where this waste can be used as a low-cost carbon source for the synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this study, efforts were made to utilize this cheap and plentiful carbon source for the synthesis of CNTs in the presence of Ni/Mo/MgO as a catalyst, through pyrolysis. For a better yield of carbon product, the optimum ratio for the catalysts (Ni/Mo/MgO) was found to be 4:0.2:1. Furthermore, the process parameters were also optimized for better carbon yield. A good yield of CNTs resulted from a pyrolysis time of 12 min, a temperature of 825 °C, and a catalyst weight of 100 mg. The structure and morphology of the produced nanotubes were confirmed through X-ray Diffractometer (X-RD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The environmental application of the nanotubes was tested in a synthetic chromium solution in the lab using a batch experiment. Different experimental conditions (pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time) were optimized to improve the adsorption of Cr (VI) by carbon nanotubes and a UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used at 540 nm to measure the absorbance of Cr (VI). The results showed that up to 81.83% of Cr (VI) removal was achieved by using 8 mg of CNTs at pH 3 with 400 rpm at 180 min of contact time. Thus, it was concluded that poultry litter can be a useful source for the synthesis of MWCNTs and thereby removal of Cr (VI) from industrial tanneries' wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Haleem
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (Y.J.); (M.A.B.)
- Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yousuf Jamal
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (Y.J.); (M.A.B.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology (ICET), University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nawaz Khan
- Institute of Geographical Information Systems (IGIS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Anwar Baig
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (Y.J.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Maryam Wahab
- Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Xufei Yang
- Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
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Abstract
The catalytic and thermal decomposition of plastic waste to fuels over low-cost catalysts like zeolite, clay, and bimetallic material is highlighted. In this paper, several relevant studies are examined, specifically the effects of each type of catalyst used on the characteristics and product distribution of the produced products. The type of catalyst plays an important role in the decomposition of plastic waste and the characteristics of the oil yields and quality. In addition, the quality and yield of the oil products depend on several factors such as (i) the operating temperature, (ii) the ratio of plastic waste and catalyst, and (iii) the type of reactor. The development of low-cost catalysts is revisited for designing better and effective materials for plastic solid waste (PSW) conversion to oil/bio-oil products.
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Effect of Different Catalyst Supports on the Quality, Yield and Morphology of Carbon Nanotubes Produced from Waste Polypropylene Plastics. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the effect of the support on the reactivity of heterogeneous catalysts cannot be over-emphasized. Therefore, the study documented in this article investigated the effect of different metal oxide supports (MgO, CaO and TiO2) and mixed oxide supports (CaTiO3) on the performance of a bimetallic NiMo catalyst prepared via the sol–gel method during the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from waste polypropylene (PP). Waste PP was pyrolyzed at 700 °C in a single-stage chemical vapor deposition reactor and off-gas was utilized in-situ as a cheap carbon feedstock for the growth of CNTs under similar conditions for all the prepared NiMo catalysts (supported and unsupported). The structures of the prepared catalysts and deposited carbon were extensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. The catalytic performance of NiMo supported and unsupported catalysts was evaluated in terms of the yield, purity, and morphology of synthesized CNTs. The results revealed that the stabilizing role of supports is fundamental in preventing nanoparticle agglomeration and aggregation, thereby resulting in improved yield and quality of CNTs. Supported NiMo catalysts produced better aligned graphitic and high-quality CNTs. The NiMo/CaTiO3 catalyst produced the highest carbon of 40.0%, while unsupported NiMo produced low-quality CNTs with the lowest carbon yield of 18.4%. Therefore, the type of catalyst support and overall stability of catalytic materials play significant roles in the yield and quality of CNTs produced from waste PP.
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Pyrolytic Conversion of Plastic Waste to Value-Added Products and Fuels: A Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102586. [PMID: 34065677 PMCID: PMC8157045 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plastic production has been rapidly growing across the world and, at the end of their use, many of the plastic products become waste disposed of in landfills or dispersed, causing serious environmental and health issues. From a sustainability point of view, the conversion of plastic waste to fuels or, better yet, to individual monomers, leads to a much greener waste management compared to landfill disposal. In this paper, we systematically review the potential of pyrolysis as an effective thermochemical conversion method for the valorization of plastic waste. Different pyrolysis types, along with the influence of operating conditions, e.g., catalyst types, temperature, vapor residence time, and plastic waste types, on yields, quality, and applications of the cracking plastic products are discussed. The quality of pyrolysis plastic oil, before and after upgrading, is compared to conventional diesel fuel. Plastic oil yields as high as 95 wt.% can be achieved through slow pyrolysis. Plastic oil has a heating value approximately equivalent to that of diesel fuel, i.e., 45 MJ/kg, no sulfur, a very low water and ash content, and an almost neutral pH, making it a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based fuels. This oil, as-is or after minor modifications, can be readily used in conventional diesel engines. Fast pyrolysis mainly produces wax rather than oil. However, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, waxy products further crack into oil. Wax is an intermediate feedstock and can be used in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units to produce fuel or other valuable petrochemical products. Flash pyrolysis of plastic waste, performed at high temperatures, i.e., near 1000 °C, and with very short vapor residence times, i.e., less than 250 ms, can recover up to 50 wt.% ethylene monomers from polyethylene waste. Alternatively, pyrolytic conversion of plastic waste to olefins can be performed in two stages, with the conversion of plastic waste to plastic oil, followed by thermal cracking of oil to monomers in a second stage. The conversion of plastic waste to carbon nanotubes, representing a higher-value product than fuel, is also discussed in detail. The results indicate that up to 25 wt.% of waste plastic can be converted into carbon nanotubes.
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Catalytic Performance of Calcium Titanate for Catalytic Decomposition of Waste Polypropylene to Carbon Nanotubes in a Single-Stage CVD Reactor. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium titanate mixed metal oxides with different contents were used as supports for NiMo catalyst prepared by the sol–gel method. The activities of these catalysts were tested in the catalytic decomposition of waste polypropylene (PP) for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a single-stage chemical vapor deposition technique. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts and deposited carbon over the catalysts were checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TEM and XRD results presented a high dispersion of the active metal species on the surface of the support materials. The result showed that increasing the support content led to an increased crystallite size of the catalysts and a resultant reduction in CNTs yield from 44% to 35%. NiMo-supported CaTiO3 catalyst displayed good catalytic activity and stability toward CNTs growth. Furthermore, the effect of calcination temperature on the morphology, yield, and quality of CNTs was also studied, and it was observed that thermal treatment up to 700 °C could produce well graphitized, high-quality, and high-yield CNTs from the waste PP.
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