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Zeng N, Wu F, Lu J, Li X, Lin S, Zhou L, Wang Z, Wu G, Huang Q, Zheng D, Gao J, Wu S, Chen X, Chen M, Meng F, Shang H, He Y, Chen P, Wei H, Li Z, Zhou H. High-fat diet impairs gut barrier through intestinal microbiota-derived reactive oxygen species. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:879-891. [PMID: 37202543 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gut barrier disruption is a key event in bridging gut microbiota dysbiosis and high-fat diet (HFD)-associated metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, by comparing HFD- and normal diet (ND)-treated mice, we found that the HFD instantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota and subsequently damaged the integrity of the gut barrier. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that the HFD upregulates gut microbial functions related to redox reactions, as confirmed by the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in fecal microbiota incubation in vitro and in the lumen, which were detected using in vivo fluorescence imaging. This microbial ROS-producing capability induced by HFD can be transferred through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) into germ-free (GF) mice, downregulating the gut barrier tight junctions. Similarly, mono-colonizing GF mice with an Enterococcus strain excelled in ROS production, damaged the gut barrier, induced mitochondrial malfunction and apoptosis of the intestinal epithelial cells, and exacerbated fatty liver, compared with other low-ROS-producing Enterococcus strains. Oral administration of recombinant high-stability-superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly reduced intestinal ROS, protected the gut barrier, and improved fatty liver against the HFD. In conclusion, our study suggests that extracellular ROS derived from gut microbiota play a pivotal role in HFD-induced gut barrier disruption and is a potential therapeutic target for HFD-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianyi Zeng
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Junqi Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Shaomei Lin
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Guangyan Wu
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Qingfa Huang
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Daowen Zheng
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaojiao Chen
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Muxuan Chen
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Fanguo Meng
- Redox Medical Center for Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215301, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan He
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Zhuang Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Machado M, Costa EM, Silva S, Rodriguez-Alcalá LM, Gomes AM, Pintado M. Understanding the Anti-Obesity Potential of an Avocado Oil-Rich Cheese through an In Vitro Co-Culture Intestine Cell Model. Molecules 2023; 28:5923. [PMID: 37570893 PMCID: PMC10421176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, with consumers' requirements shifting towards more natural solutions and the advent of nutraceutical-based approaches, new alternatives for obesity management are being developed. This work aimed to show, for the first time, the potential of avocado oil-fortified cheese as a viable foodstuff for obesity management through complex in vitro cellular models. The results showed that oleic and palmitic acids' permeability through the Caco-2/HT29-MTX membrane peaked at the 2h mark, with the highest apparent permeability being registered for oleic acid (0.14 cm/s). Additionally, the permeated compounds were capable of modulating the metabolism of adipocytes present in the basal compartment, significantly reducing adipokine (leptin) and cytokine (MPC-1, IL-10, and TNF-α) production. The permeates (containing 3.30 µg/mL of palmitic acid and 2.16 µg/mL of oleic acid) also presented an overall anti-inflammatory activity upon Raw 264.7 macrophages, reducing IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. Despite in vivo assays being required, the data showed the potential of a functional dairy product as a valid food matrix to aid in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Wang K, Zhang Z, Hang J, Liu J, Guo F, Ding Y, Li M, Nie Q, Lin J, Zhuo Y, Sun L, Luo X, Zhong Q, Ye C, Yun C, Zhang Y, Wang J, Bao R, Pang Y, Wang G, Gonzalez FJ, Lei X, Qiao J, Jiang C. Microbial-host-isozyme analyses reveal microbial DPP4 as a potential antidiabetic target. Science 2023; 381:eadd5787. [PMID: 37535747 DOI: 10.1126/science.add5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of how microbial proteins affect the host could yield deeper insights into gut microbiota-host cross-talk. We developed an enzyme activity-screening platform to investigate how gut microbiota-derived enzymes might influence host physiology. We discovered that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is expressed by specific bacterial taxa of the microbiota. Microbial DPP4 was able to decrease the active glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and disrupt glucose metabolism in mice with a leaky gut. Furthermore, the current drugs targeting human DPP4, including sitagliptin, had little effect on microbial DPP4. Using high-throughput screening, we identified daurisoline-d4 (Dau-d4) as a selective microbial DPP4 inhibitor that improves glucose tolerance in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhuo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qihang Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyu Yun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases in State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanli Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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4
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Dang Y, Ma C, Chen K, Chen Y, Jiang M, Hu K, Li L, Zeng Z, Zhang H. The Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:905. [PMID: 37371485 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions among diet, intestinal immunity, and microbiota are complex and play contradictory roles in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An increasing number of studies has shed light on this field. The intestinal immune balance is disrupted by a high-fat diet (HFD) in several ways, such as impairing the intestinal barrier, influencing immune cells, and altering the gut microbiota. In contrast, a rational diet is thought to maintain intestinal immunity by regulating gut microbiota. In this review, we emphasize the crucial contributions made by an HFD to the gut immune system and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunxiang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingshan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kehan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Djouina M, Waxin C, Leprêtre F, Tardivel M, Tillement O, Vasseur F, Figeac M, Bongiovanni A, Sebda S, Desreumaux P, Launay D, Dubuquoy L, Body-Malapel M, Vignal C. Gene/environment interaction in the susceptibility of Crohn's disease patients to aluminum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158017. [PMID: 35973536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The key role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) is recognized. Aluminum is suspected to be a risk factor for IBD. However, mechanisms linking aluminum exposure to disease development are unknown. We examined the role of aluminum transport and subcellular localisation on human colon susceptibility to aluminum-induced inflammation. METHODS Human colon biopsies isolated from Crohn's disease (CD) or control patients and Caco-2 cells were incubated with aluminum. The effects of aluminum were evaluated on cytokine secretion and transporter expression. The role of aluminum kinetics parameters was studied in Caco-2 using transport inhibitors and in human colon biopsies by assessing genetic polymorphisms of transporters. RESULTS Aluminum exposure was shown to induce cytokine secretion in colon of CD but not healthy patients. In Caco-2 cells, aluminum internalisation was correlated with inflammatory status. In human colon, analysis of genetic polymorphisms and expression of ABCB1 and SLC26A3 transporters showed that their decreased activity was involved in aluminum-induced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that alteration in detoxifying response would lead to a deregulation of intestinal homeostasis and to the expression of IBD. Our study emphasizes the complexity of gene/environment interaction for aluminum adverse health effect, highlighting at risk populations or subtypes of patients. A better understanding of correlations between gene expression or SNP and xenobiotic kinetics parameters would shift the medical paradigm to more personalized disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Djouina
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Waxin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Leprêtre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Meryem Tardivel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5306, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Francis Vasseur
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS : Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Figeac
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Shéhérazade Sebda
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Vignal
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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6
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Han JR, Wang Q, Yi LX, Li P, Gu Q, Xiao H, Zhu BW, Wu HT. Improving the in vitro and in vivo bioavailability of pterostilbene using Yesso scallop gonad protein isolates-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) conjugate-based emulsions: effects of carrier oil. Food Funct 2022; 13:9544-9558. [PMID: 35997033 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01648f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of carrier oils on the in vitro and in vivo bioavailability of PTE encapsulated in scallop gonad protein isolates (SGPIs)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) conjugate stabilized emulsions. The SGPIs-EGCG stabilized emulsions were subjected to an in vitro simulated digestion, and the resulting corn oil and MCT micelles were used to evaluate the PTE transportation using the Caco-2 cell model. Both emulsions remarkably improved the bioaccessibility of PTE in the micelle phase. Nevertheless, corn oil emulsions increased trans-enterocyte transportation of PTE more efficiently than MCT emulsions. Furthermore, the maximum plasma concentrations of PTE and its metabolites in mice fed with PTE emulsions were prominently higher than those in mice fed with PTE solution, while the in vivo metabolic patterns of PTE in different oil-stabilized emulsions were different. Therefore, SGPIs-EGCG stabilized emulsions could enhance the bioavailability of PTE through controlled release, in which corn oil is more suitable than MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Run Han
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China. .,Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ling-Xiao Yi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ping Li
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Qing Gu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian Liaoning 116034, China.
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian Liaoning 116034, China.
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7
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Hao W, Zhu X, Liu Z, Song Y, Wu S, Lu X, Yang J, Jin C. Resveratrol alleviates aluminum-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1373-1381. [PMID: 35156769 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum is mainly exposed to the general population through food and water, and is absorbed into the systemic circulation through intestine, which in turn damages the intestinal barrier. METHODS The mice model of subchronic exposure to aluminum chloride (AlCl3 ) was established via oral. Tail suspension test was used to detect depressive behavior. H&E staining was performed to assess pathological intestinal injury. Intestinal permeability was estimated by exogenous Evans blue content. The level of inflammatory cytokines and tight junction protein were assessed via ELISA and western blotting. Simultaneously, resveratrol (Rsv, an agonist of Sirt1) was evaluated the protective role against intestinal barrier injuries caused by aluminum exposure. RESULTS Our results showed that AlCl3 induced depressive-like behavior, intestinal pathological damage and intestinal barrier permeability, resulting in intestinal barrier dysfunction. Besides, aluminum induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which further triggered IRF8-MMP9-mediated downregulation of tight junction proteins including CLD1, OCLD and ZO-1. After Rsv treatment, SIRT1 expression was increased, depressive symptom was improved, pathological injury was reduced, inflammatory reaction was alleviated, and intestinal barrier function restored. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that aluminum exposure induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by IRF8-MMP9 signaling pathway. Rsv alleviated these injuries via activating SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudi Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushuai Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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8
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Li C, Cheng X, Cao W, Wang Y, Xue C, Tang Q. Enzymatic hydrolysate of porphyra enhances the intestinal mucosal functions in obese mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14175. [PMID: 35510340 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal immunity is important to human body; however, obesity induced by high-fat diet may bring a series of problems, such as chronic inflammation which may damage intestinal mucosal immunity. In this study, the effects of two different enzymatic hydrolysates of porphyra on the function of intestinal mucosal were explored in obese mice. The results showed that 10 consecutive weeks of high-fat dietary intake resulted in weight gain and intestinal abnormalities in C57BL/6 mice. However, the administration of enzymatic hydrolysate of porphyra effectively protected the intestinal mucosa from these injuries while reducing levels of oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, and GSH-Px). Specifically, they were found to improve small intestine morphological structure, increase growth of goblet cells and mucous, raise expression levels of lysozyme, and stimulate SIgA secretion, especially in the group administered with the enzymatic hydrolysate containing protease and polysaccharide enzyme (EHPP). The results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysates of porphyra may provide a protective measure to maintain intestinal mucosal barriers, which is beneficial to overall health. Porphyra is widely distributed all over the world. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have described its diverse biological functions. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to develop products related to porphyra. In this study, a new type of polysaccharide enzyme of porphyra found in our previous research was used to make a clear porphyra energy drink with a lower molecular weight polysaccharide. Our findings highlighted the repaired intestinal barriers in obese bodies after the treatment with the enzymatic hydrolysate. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Porphyra is widely distributed all over the world. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have described its diverse biological functions. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to develop products related to porphyra. In this study, a new type of polysaccharide enzyme of porphyra found in our previous research was used to make a clear porphyra energy drink with a lower molecular weight polysaccharide. Our findings highlighted the repaired intestinal barriers in obese bodies after the treatment with the enzymatic hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Wanxiu Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
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9
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Hao W, Hao C, Wu C, Xu Y, Jin C. Aluminum induced intestinal dysfunction via mechanical, immune, chemical and biological barriers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132556. [PMID: 34648793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the Earth's crust, which exists naturally in the form of aluminum compounds. Aluminum is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, which varies with different aluminum compounds. During this process, aluminum could induce the disruption of intestinal mucosa barrier. However, its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Previous studies have reported that aluminum can firstly promote the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, destroy the structure of tight-junction proteins, and increase the intestinal permeability, injuring the mechanical barrier of gut. Also, it can induce the activation of immune cells to secrete inflammatory factors, and trigger immune responses, interfering with immune barrier. Moreover, aluminum treatment can regulate intestinal composition and bio-enzyme activity, impairing the function of chemical barrier. In addition, aluminum accumulation can induce an imbalance of the intestinal flora, inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria, and promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria, which ultimately disrupting biological barrier. Collectively, aluminum may do extensive damage to intestinal barrier function covering mechanical barrier, immune barrier, chemical barrier and biological barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudi Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Chenyu Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Chengrong Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China.
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10
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Shen J, Zhu Y, Zhou B, Kong L, Jin Y, Zhang D, Cao Z, Ji J, Li J. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a water-in-oil microemulsion of platycodin D. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000497. [PMID: 33844326 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Platycodin D (PD) is the active metabolite of Platycodon grandiflorum. The main purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion formulation of PD (PD-ME). The PD-ME was successfully prepared by the water titration method at K m = 2, to draw the pseudoternary phase diagrams. Physical characterization including the particle size, pH, refractive index, average viscosity, and polydispersity index (PDI) was performed. The in vivo characteristics were evaluated by intestinal permeability and pharmacokinetic studies. The optimized microemulsion formulation consisted of 100 mg/ml PD aqueous solution, soybean phospholipids, ethanol, and oleic acid (27:39:19:15, w/w). The average viscosity, pH, droplet size, PDI, and zeta potential of the PD-ME were 78.65 ± 0.13 cPa•s, 5.70 ± 0.05, 30.46 ± 0.20 nm, 0.33 ± 0.00, and -3.13 mV, respectively. The drug concentration of the PD-ME was 26.3 ± 0.6 mg/ml. The PD-ME showed significantly higher apparent permeability coefficients than PD (p < .01). The pharmacokinetic studies showed that the PD-ME had significantly higher values of T 1/2 (2.26-fold), AUC0-24h (area under the curve; 1.65-fold), and MRT0-24h (1.58-fold) than PD (p < .01). It can be seen that W/O ME presents a strategy with great promise for enhancing the intestinal permeability and better oral absorption of drugs with high polarity and poor permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuexia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingxue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiling Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Ershad M, Shigenaga MK, Bandy B. Differential protection by anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract and resveratrol against lipid micelle-induced oxidative stress and monolayer permeability in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:2950-2961. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excess dietary fat, and associated bile acids, can impair intestinal barrier integrity, produce intestinal or systemic inflammation and promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ershad
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon
- Canada
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center
| | - Mark K. Shigenaga
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute
- Oakland
- USA
| | - Brian Bandy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon
- Canada
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12
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Rohr MW, Narasimhulu CA, Rudeski-Rohr TA, Parthasarathy S. Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Intestinal Permeability: A Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:77-91. [PMID: 31268137 PMCID: PMC7442371 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the largest barrier between a person and the environment. In this role, the intestinal tract is responsible not only for absorbing essential dietary nutrients, but also for protecting the host from a variety of ingested toxins and microbes. The intestinal barrier system is composed of a mucus layer, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), tight junctions (TJs), immune cells, and a gut microbiota, which are all susceptible to external factors such as dietary fats. When components of this barrier system are disrupted, intestinal permeability to luminal contents increases, which is implicated in intestinal pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and celiac disease. Currently, there is mounting evidence that consumption of excess dietary fats can enhance intestinal permeability differentially. For example, dietary fat modulates the expression and distribution of TJs, stimulates a shift to barrier-disrupting hydrophobic bile acids, and even induces IEC oxidative stress and apoptosis. In addition, a high-fat diet (HFD) enhances intestinal permeability directly by stimulating proinflammatory signaling cascades and indirectly via increasing barrier-disrupting cytokines [TNFα, interleukin (IL) 1B, IL6, and interferon γ (IFNγ)] and decreasing barrier-forming cytokines (IL10, IL17, and IL22). Finally, an HFD negatively modulates the intestinal mucus composition and enriches the gut microflora with barrier-disrupting species. Although further research is necessary to understand the precise role HFDs play in intestinal permeability, current data suggest a stronger link between diet and intestinal disease than was first thought to exist. Therefore, this review seeks to highlight the various ways an HFD disrupts the gut barrier system and its many implications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Rohr
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Chandrakala A Narasimhulu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Trina A Rudeski-Rohr
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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13
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Zhai Q, Gong X, Wang C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Chen W. Food-borne patulin toxicity is related to gut barrier disruption and can be prevented by docosahexaenoic acid and probiotic supplementation. Food Funct 2019; 10:1330-1339. [PMID: 30741300 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02292e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin widely found in fruits and vegetables. Several reviews and studies have hypothesized that in vivo PAT toxicity is related to gut barrier dysfunction, but evidence for this is not substantial. The goal of the present study was to further demonstrate the role of the gut barrier in food-borne PAT toxicity. In vitro assays showed that PAT exposure induced significant cell death, inhibited the mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins and increased gut permeability in Caco-2 cell monolayers. An acute PAT exposure animal trial reported for the first time an association between PAT-induced disruption of the gut barrier and endotoxemia in mice. Sub-chronic PAT exposure also inhibited the expression of ZO-1 in the gut and induced both intestinal and systematic inflammation in mice. Dietary supplements with previously reported protective effects on the gut barrier, such as docosahexaenoic acid and Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610, were able to recover the PAT-induced gut barrier dysfunction and significantly alleviate PAT toxicity in vivo. Another L. plantarum strain, CCFM11, with poor gut barrier modulation ability, failed to exhibit identical protective effects against PAT toxicity to L. plantarum CCFM8610. Our results indicated that PAT-induced disruption of the gut barrier and bacterial translocation may be another toxic mechanism of PAT besides its inherent cytotoxicity. Gut barrier protection may be considered an important target for the prevention of PAT toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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14
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Abramsson-Zetterberg L. Strongly heated carbohydrate-rich food is an overlooked problem in cancer risk evaluation. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:151-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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El-Ghany NAA, Frag EY, El Fattah MA. Fabrication of chemically modified carbon paste electrode based on functionalized biopolymer for potentiometric determination of Al (III) ion in real water and pharmaceutical samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Azevedo C, Macedo MH, Sarmento B. Strategies for the enhanced intracellular delivery of nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:944-959. [PMID: 28919437 PMCID: PMC7108348 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of nanomaterials and drugs has been attracting increasing research interest, mainly because of their important effects and functions in several organelles. Targeting specific organelles can help treat or decrease the symptoms of diabetes, cancer, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Tuning biological and chemical properties enables the creation of functionalized nanomaterials with enhanced intracellular uptake, ability to escape premature lysosome degradation, and to reach a specific target. Here, we provide an update of recent advances in the intracellular delivery mechanisms that could help drugs reach their target more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Macedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
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17
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Ghadiri M, Canney F, Pacciana C, Colombo G, Young PM, Traini D. The use of fatty acids as absorption enhancer for pulmonary drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 541:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Diab R, Canilho N, Pavel IA, Haffner FB, Girardon M, Pasc A. Silica-based systems for oral delivery of drugs, macromolecules and cells. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:346-362. [PMID: 28473052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority, amorphous forms of silica and silicates are generally recognized to be safe as oral delivery ingredients in amounts up to 1500mg per day. Silica is used in the formulation of solid dosage forms, e.g. tablets, as glidant or lubricant. The synthesis of silica-based materials depends on the payload nature, drug, macromolecule or cell, and on the target release (active or passive). In the literature, most of the examples deal with the encapsulation of drugs in mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Still to date limited reports concerning the delivery of encapsulated macromolecules and cells have been reported in the field of oral delivery, despite the multiple promising examples demonstrating the compatibility of the sol-gel route with biological entities, likewise the interest of silica as an oral carrier. Silica diatoms appear as an elegant, cost-effective and promising alternative to synthetic sol-gel-based materials. This review reports the latest advances silica-based systems and discusses the potential benefits and drawbacks of using silica for oral delivery of drugs, macromolecules or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roudayna Diab
- SRSMC, UMR 7565, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nadia Canilho
- SRSMC, UMR 7565, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ileana A Pavel
- SRSMC, UMR 7565, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Fernanda B Haffner
- SRSMC, UMR 7565, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Maxime Girardon
- SRSMC, UMR 7565, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Andreea Pasc
- SRSMC, UMR 7565, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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19
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Gabr MM, Mortada SM, Sallam MA. Hexagonal Liquid Crystalline Nanodispersions Proven Superiority for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Rosuvastatin: In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3103-3112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Glynn A, Igra AM, Sand S, Ilbäck NG, Hellenäs KE, Rosén J, Aspenström-Fagerlund B. Are additive effects of dietary surfactants on intestinal tight junction integrity an overlooked human health risk? - A mixture study on Caco-2 monolayers. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:314-323. [PMID: 28576466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants may cause dysfunction of intestinal tight junctions (TJs), which is a common feature of intestinal autoimmune diseases. Effects of dietary surfactants on TJ integrity, measured as trans-epithelial resistance (TEER), were studied in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Cytotoxicity was assessed as apical LDH leakage. Monolayers were apically exposed for 60 min to the dietary surfactants solanine and chaconine (SC, potato glycoalkaloids, 0-0.25 mM), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, industrial contaminant, 0-0.8 mM), and sucrose monolaurate (SML, food emulsifier E 473, 0-2.0 mM) separately and as a mixture. Dose-response modelling of TEER EC50 showed that SC were 2.7- and 12-fold more potent than PFOS and SML, respectively. The mixture was composed of 1 molar unit SC, 2.7 units PFOS and 12 units SML ("SC TEER equivalent" proportions 1:1:1). Mixture exposure (0-0.05 mM SC equivalents) dose-response modelling suggested additive action on TJ integrity. Increasing SC and SML concentrations caused increased LDH leakage, but PFOS decreased LDH leakage at intermediate exposure concentrations. In the mixture PFOS appeared to protect from extensive SC- and SML-induced LDH leakage. Complex mixtures of surfactants in food may act additively on intestinal TJ integrity, which should be considered in risk assessment of emulsifier authorisation for use in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Glynn
- Swedish National Food Agency, PO Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Salomon Sand
- Swedish National Food Agency, PO Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Johan Rosén
- Swedish National Food Agency, PO Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Yu L, Zhai Q, Tian F, Liu X, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Narbad A, Chen W. Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 in Protecting against Aluminum Toxicity Mediated by Intestinal Barrier Function and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2016; 8:E783. [PMID: 27918411 PMCID: PMC5188438 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous metal that can seriously harm the health of animals and humans. In our previous study, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 can decrease Al burden in the tissues of mice by inhibiting intestinal Al absorption. The main aim of the present research was to investigate whether the protection by the strain is also associated with enhancement of the intestinal barrier, alleviation of oxidative stress and modulation of the inflammatory response. In an in vitro cell model, two protection modes (intervention and therapy) were examined and the results indicated that L. plantarum CCFM639 alleviated Al-induced cytotoxicity. In a mouse model, L. plantarum CCFM639 treatment was found to significantly alleviate oxidative stress in the intestinal tract, regulate the function of the intestinal mucosal immune system, restore the integrity of tight junction proteins and maintain intestinal permeability. These results suggest that in addition to Al sequestration, L. plantarum CCFM639 can also inhibit Al absorption by protecting the intestinal barrier, alleviating Al-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Therefore, L. plantarum CCFM639 has the potential to be a dietary supplement ingredient that provides protection against Al-induced gut injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Arjan Narbad
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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22
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Vignal C, Desreumaux P, Body-Malapel M. Gut: An underestimated target organ for Aluminum. Morphologie 2016; 100:75-84. [PMID: 26970682 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since World War II, several factors such as an impressive industrial growth, an enhanced environmental bioavailability and intensified food consumption have contributed to a significant amplification of human exposure to aluminum. Aluminum is particularly present in food, beverages, some drugs and airbone dust. In our food, aluminum is superimposed via additives and cooking utensils. Therefore, the tolerable intake of aluminum is exceeded for a significant part of the world population, especially in children who are more vulnerable to toxic effects of pollutants than adults. Faced with this oral aluminum influx, intestinal tract is an essential barrier, especially as 38% of ingested aluminum accumulates at the intestinal mucosa. Although still poorly documented to date, the impact of oral exposure to aluminum in conditions relevant to real human exposure appears to be deleterious for gut homeostasis. Aluminum ingestion affects the regulation of the permeability, the microflora and the immune function of intestine. Nowadays, several arguments are consistent with an involvement of aluminum as an environmental risk factor for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vignal
- Université de Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - P Desreumaux
- Université de Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France; CHRU de Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France
| | - M Body-Malapel
- Université de Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France
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Aspenström-Fagerlund B, Tallkvist J, Ilbäck NG, Glynn AW. Oleic acid increases intestinal absorption of the BCRP/ABCG2 substrate, mitoxantrone, in mice. Toxicol Lett 2015; 237:133-9. [PMID: 26071310 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) decrease intestinal absorption of many food toxicants. Oleic acid increases absorption of the specific BCRP substrate mitoxantrone (MXR), and also BCRP gene expression in human intestinal Caco-2 cells, suggesting that oleic acid affect the BCRP function. Here, we investigated the effect of oleic acid on intestinal absorption of MXR in mice. Mice were orally dosed with 2.4g oleic acid/kg b.w. and 1mg MXR/kg b.w., and sacrificed 30, 60, 90 or 120min after exposure, or were exposed to 0.6, 2.4 or 4.8g oleic acid/kg b.w. and 1mg MXR/kg b.w., and sacrificed 90min after exposure. Mice were also treated with Ko143 together with MXR and sacrificed after 60min, as a positive control of BCRP-mediated effects on MXR absorption. Absorption of MXR increased after exposure to oleic acid at all doses, and also after exposure to Ko143. Intestinal BCRP gene expression tended to increase 120min after oleic acid exposure. Our results in mice demonstrate that oleic acid decreases BCRP-mediated efflux, causing increased intestinal MXR absorption in mice. These findings may have implications in humans, concomitantly exposed to oleic acid and food contaminants that, similarly as MXR, are substrates of BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Tallkvist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils-Gunnar Ilbäck
- Risk and Benefit Assessment Department, National Food Agency, P.O. Box 622, SE-75126 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders W Glynn
- Risk and Benefit Assessment Department, National Food Agency, P.O. Box 622, SE-75126 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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Exley C, Mold MJ. The binding, transport and fate of aluminium in biological cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:90-5. [PMID: 25498314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust and yet, paradoxically, it has no known biological function. Aluminium is biochemically reactive, it is simply that it is not required for any essential process in extant biota. There is evidence neither of element-specific nor evolutionarily conserved aluminium biochemistry. This means that there are no ligands or chaperones which are specific to its transport, there are no transporters or channels to selectively facilitate its passage across membranes, there are no intracellular storage proteins to aid its cellular homeostasis and there are no pathways which evolved to enable the metabolism and excretion of aluminium. Of course, aluminium is found in every compartment of every cell of every organism, from virus through to Man. Herein we have investigated each of the 'silent' pathways and metabolic events which together constitute a form of aluminium homeostasis in biota, identifying and evaluating as far as is possible what is known and, equally importantly, what is unknown about its uptake, transport, storage and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Matthew J Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for nutraceuticals: Influence of carrier oil type on bioavailability of pterostilbene. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Aluminum enhances inflammation and decreases mucosal healing in experimental colitis in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:589-601. [PMID: 24129165 PMCID: PMC3998638 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in developing countries has highlighted the critical role of environmental pollutants as causative factors in their pathophysiology. Despite its ubiquity and immune toxicity, the impact of aluminum in the gut is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of environmentally relevant intoxication with aluminum in murine models of colitis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Oral administration of aluminum worsened intestinal inflammation in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid- and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and chronic colitis in interleukin 10-negative (IL10(-/-)) mice. Aluminum increased the intensity and duration of macroscopic and histologic inflammation, colonic myeloperoxidase activity, inflammatory cytokines expression, and decreased the epithelial cell renewal compared with control animals. Under basal conditions, aluminum impaired intestinal barrier function. In vitro, aluminum induced granuloma formation and synergized with lipopolysaccharide to stimulate inflammatory cytokines expression by epithelial cells. Deleterious effects of aluminum on intestinal inflammation and mucosal repair strongly suggest that aluminum might be an environmental IBD risk factor.
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Cabrera-Vique C, Mesías M. Content and Bioaccessibility of Aluminium in Duplicate Diets from Southern Spain. J Food Sci 2013; 78:T1307-12. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Cabrera-Vique
- Dept. of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy; Univ. of Granada; 18012-Granada; Spain
| | - Marta Mesías
- Inst. of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, ICTAN-CSIC; 28040; Madrid; Spain
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Silva MF, Winkler Hechenleitner AA, de Oliveira DMF, Agüeros M, Peñalva R, Irache JM, Pineda EAG. Optimization of maghemite-loaded PLGA nanospheres for biomedical applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:343-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aspenström-Fagerlund B, Tallkvist J, Ilbäck NG, Glynn AW. Oleic acid decreases BCRP mediated efflux of mitoxantrone in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3635-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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The effect of food on the oral bioavailability of drugs: a review of current developments and pharmaceutical technologies for pharmacokinetic control. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:81-90. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we review the mediation of the food effects on drugs by pharmaceutical technologies. The pharmacokinetics of drugs are affected by the interaction of drugs with food, which changes drug physicochemical and physiological properties (food effects). Several pharmaceutical technologies may be used to control food effects. Drugs exhibit different patterns of solubilization depending on release formulations. Formulations such as nanoparticle, solid dispersion and cyclodextrin systems, may control the solubility and release of insoluble drugs. Other controlled-release technologies, such as osmotic-controlled release or colon-specific delivery systems may also control food effects. As the structure of drug candidates becomes more complex, different methods of investigation, such as in vitro and in vivo correlation and in silico simulation will be required to predict drug characteristics and food effects.
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Suzuki T, Hara H. Dietary fat and bile juice, but not obesity, are responsible for the increase in small intestinal permeability induced through the suppression of tight junction protein expression in LETO and OLETF rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:19. [PMID: 20222989 PMCID: PMC2848226 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increase in the intestinal permeability is considered to be associated with the inflammatory tone and development in the obesity and diabetes, however, the pathogenesis of the increase in the intestinal permeability is poorly understood. The present study was performed to determine the influence of obesity itself as well as dietary fat on the increase in intestinal permeability. Methods An obese rat strain, Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF), and the lean counter strain, Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO), were fed standard or high fat diets for 16 weeks. Glucose tolerance, intestinal permeability, intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins expression, plasma bile acids concentration were evaluated. In addition, the effects of rat bile juice and dietary fat, possible mediators of the increase in the intestinal permeability in the obesity, on TJ permeability were explored in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Results The OLETF rats showed higher glucose intolerance than did the LETO rats, which became more marked with the prolonged feeding of the high fat diet. Intestinal permeability in the OLETF rats evaluated by the urinary excretion of intestinal permeability markers (Cr-EDTA and phenolsulfonphthalein) was comparable to that in the LETO rats. Feeding the high fat diet increased intestinal permeability in both the OLETF and LETO rats, and the increases correlated with decreases in TJ proteins (claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin and junctional adhesion molecule-1) expression in the small, but not in the large intestine (cecum or colon). The plasma bile acids concentration was higher in rats fed the high fat diet. Exposure to bile juice and the fat emulsion increased TJ permeability with concomitant reductions in TJ protein expression (claudin-1, claudin-3, and junctional adhesion molecule-1) in the Caco-2 cell monolayers. Conclusion Excessive dietary fat and/or increased levels of luminal bile juice, but not genetic obesity, are responsible for the increase in small intestinal permeability resulting from the suppression of TJ protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzuki
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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