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Khudina OG, Grishchenko MV, Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Rudakova EV, Lushchekina SV, Shchegolkov EV, Borisevich SS, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI, Charushin VN. Conjugates of amiridine and thiouracil derivatives as effective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase with the potential to block β-amyloid aggregation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300447. [PMID: 38072670 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
New amiridine-thiouracil conjugates with different substituents in the pyrimidine fragment (R = CH3 , CF2 Н, CF3 , (CF2 )2 H) and different spacer lengths (n = 1-3) were synthesized. The conjugates rather weakly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and exhibit high inhibitory activity (IC50 up to 0.752 ± 0.021 µM) and selectivity to butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), which increases with spacer elongation; the lead compounds are 11c, 12c, and 13c. The conjugates are mixed-type reversible inhibitors of both cholinesterases and practically do not inhibit the structurally related off-target enzyme carboxylesterase. The results of molecular docking to AChE and BChE are consistent with the experiment on enzyme inhibition and explain the structure-activity relationships, including the rather low anti-AChE activity and the high anti-BChE activity of long-chain conjugates. The lead compounds displace propidium from the AChE peripheral anion site (PAS) at the level of the reference compound donepezil, which agrees with the mixed-type mechanism of AChE inhibition and the main mode of binding of conjugates in the active site of AChE due to the interaction of the pyrimidine moiety with the PAS. This indicates the ability of the studied conjugates to block AChE-induced aggregation of β-amyloid, thereby exerting a disease-modifying effect. According to computer calculations, all synthesized conjugates have an ADME profile acceptable for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga G Khudina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria V Grishchenko
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sophia S Borisevich
- Institute of Cyber Intelligence Systems, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yanina V Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Victor I Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Conjugates of Tacrine and Salicylic Acid Derivatives as New Promising Multitarget Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032285. [PMID: 36768608 PMCID: PMC9916969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of previously synthesized conjugates of tacrine and salicylamide was extended by varying the structure of the salicylamide fragment and using salicylic aldehyde to synthesize salicylimine derivatives. The hybrids exhibited broad-spectrum biological activity. All new conjugates were potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with selectivity toward BChE. The structure of the salicylamide moiety exerted little effect on anticholinesterase activity, but AChE inhibition increased with spacer elongation. The most active conjugates were salicylimine derivatives: IC50 values of the lead compound 10c were 0.0826 µM (AChE) and 0.0156 µM (BChE), with weak inhibition of the off-target carboxylesterase. The hybrids were mixed-type reversible inhibitors of both cholinesterases and displayed dual binding to the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites of AChE in molecular docking, which, along with experimental results on propidium iodide displacement, suggested their potential to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation. All conjugates inhibited Aβ42 self-aggregation in the thioflavin test, and inhibition increased with spacer elongation. Salicylimine 10c and salicylamide 5c with (CH2)8 spacers were the lead compounds for inhibiting Aβ42 self-aggregation, which was corroborated by molecular docking to Aβ42. ABTS•+-scavenging activity was highest for salicylamides 5a-c, intermediate for salicylimines 10a-c, low for F-containing salicylamides 7, and non-existent for methoxybenzoylamides 6 and difluoromethoxybenzoylamides 8. In the FRAP antioxidant (AO) assay, the test compounds displayed little or no activity. Quantum chemical analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with QM/MM potentials explained the AO structure-activity relationships. All conjugates were effective chelators of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+, with molar compound/metal (Cu2+) ratios of 2:1 (5b) and ~1:1 (10b). Conjugates exerted comparable or lower cytotoxicity than tacrine on mouse hepatocytes and had favorable predicted intestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability. The overall results indicate that the synthesized conjugates are promising new multifunctional agents for the potential treatment of AD.
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Conjugates of Methylene Blue with Cycloalkaneindoles as New Multifunctional Agents for Potential Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213925. [PMID: 36430413 PMCID: PMC9697446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) would provide effective therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) with complex and nonclear pathogenesis. A promising method to create such potential drugs is combining neuroactive pharmacophoric groups acting on different biotargets involved in the pathogenesis of ND. We developed a synthetic algorithm for the conjugation of indole derivatives and methylene blue (MB), which are pharmacophoric ligands that act on the key stages of pathogenesis. We synthesized hybrid structures and performed a comprehensive screening for a specific set of biotargets participating in the pathogenesis of ND (i.e., cholinesterases, NMDA receptor, mitochondria, and microtubules assembly). The results of the screening study enabled us to find two lead compounds (4h and 4i) which effectively inhibited cholinesterases and bound to the AChE PAS, possessed antioxidant activity, and stimulated the assembly of microtubules. One of them (4i) exhibited activity as a ligand for the ifenprodil-specific site of the NMDA receptor. In addition, this lead compound was able to bypass the inhibition of complex I and prevent calcium-induced mitochondrial depolarization, suggesting a neuroprotective property that was confirmed using a cellular calcium overload model of neurodegeneration. Thus, these new MB-cycloalkaneindole conjugates constitute a promising class of compounds for the development of multitarget neuroprotective drugs which simultaneously act on several targets, thereby providing cognitive stimulating, neuroprotective, and disease-modifying effects.
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Synthesis of 4-Aminopyrazol-5-ols as Edaravone Analogs and Their Antioxidant Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227722. [PMID: 36431823 PMCID: PMC9699072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the powerful antioxidants used clinically is Edaravone (EDA). We synthesized a series of new EDA analogs, 4-aminopyrazol-5-ol hydrochlorides, including polyfluoroalkyl derivatives, via the reduction of 4-hydroxyiminopyrazol-5-ones. The primary antioxidant activity of the compounds in comparison with EDA was investigated in vitro using ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC tests. In all tests, 4-Amino-3-pyrazol-5-ols were effective. The lead compound, 4-amino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-ol hydrochloride (APH), showed the following activities: ABTS, 0.93 TEAC; FRAP, 0.98 TE; and ORAC, 4.39 TE. APH and its NH-analog were not cytotoxic against cultured normal human fibroblasts even at 100 μM, in contrast to EDA. According to QM calculations, 4-aminopyrazolols were characterized by lower gaps, IP, and η compared to 4-hydroxyiminopyrazol-5-ones, consistent with their higher antioxidant activities in ABTS and FRAP tests, realized by the SET mechanism. The radical-scavenging action evaluated in the ORAC test occurred by the HAT mechanism through OH bond breaking in all compounds, directly dependent on the dissociation energy of the OH bond. All the studied compounds demonstrated the absence of anticholinesterase activity and moderate inhibition of CES by some 4-aminopyrazolols. Thus, the lead compound APH was found to be a good antioxidant with the potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic drug candidate in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Synthesis and study of the biological activity of thiourea-containing amiridine derivatives as potential multi-target drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Elkina NA, Grishchenko MV, Shchegolkov EV, Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Astakhova TY, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Zhilina EF, Perminova AN, Lapshin LS, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI, Richardson RJ. New Multifunctional Agents for Potential Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Based on Tacrine Conjugates with 2-Arylhydrazinylidene-1,3-Diketones. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1551. [PMID: 36358901 PMCID: PMC9687805 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a modern epidemic because of its increasing prevalence worldwide and serious medico-social consequences, including the economic burden of treatment and patient care. The development of new effective therapeutic agents for AD is one of the most urgent and challenging tasks. To address this need, we used an aminoalkylene linker to combine the well-known anticholinesterase drug tacrine with antioxidant 2-tolylhydrazinylidene-1,3-diketones to create 3 groups of hybrid compounds as new multifunctional agents with the potential for AD treatment. Lead compounds of the new conjugates effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50 0.24-0.34 µM) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50 0.036-0.0745 µM), with weak inhibition of off-target carboxylesterase. Anti-AChE activity increased with elongation of the alkylene spacer, in agreement with molecular docking, which showed compounds binding to both the catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE, consistent with mixed type reversible inhibition. PAS binding along with effective propidium displacement suggest the potential of the hybrids to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation, a disease-modifying effect. All of the conjugates demonstrated metal chelating ability for Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+, as well as high antiradical activity in the ABTS test. Non-fluorinated hybrid compounds 6 and 7 also showed Fe3+ reducing activity in the FRAP test. Predicted ADMET and physicochemical properties of conjugates indicated good CNS bioavailability and safety parameters acceptable for potential lead compounds at the early stages of anti-AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Elkina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Maria V. Grishchenko
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V. Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Natalia P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Sofya V. Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y. Astakhova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Eugene V. Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina F. Zhilina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Anastasiya N. Perminova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Luka S. Lapshin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Yanina V. Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Victor I. Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Rudy J. Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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7
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Grishchenko MV, Makhaeva GF, Burgart YV, Rudakova EV, Boltneva NP, Kovaleva NV, Serebryakova OG, Lushchekina SV, Astakhova TY, Zhilina EF, Shchegolkov EV, Richardson RJ, Saloutin VI. Conjugates of Tacrine with Salicylamide as Promising Multitarget Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200080. [PMID: 35322571 PMCID: PMC9314152 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
New conjugates of tacrine and salicylamide with alkylene spacers were synthesized and evaluated as potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The compounds exhibited high acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50 to 0.224 μM) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50 to 0.0104 μM) inhibitory activities. They were also rather poor inhibitors of carboxylesterase, suggesting a low tendency to exert potential unwanted drug-drug interactions in clinical use. The conjugates were mixed-type reversible inhibitors of both cholinesterases and demonstrated dual binding to the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites of AChE in molecular docking that, along with experimental results on propidium iodide displacement, suggest their potential to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation. The new conjugates exhibited high ABTS.+ -scavenging activity. N-(6-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroacridin-9-ylamino)hexyl)salicylamide is a lead compound that also demonstrates metal chelating ability toward Cu2+ , Fe2+ and Zn2+ . Thus, the new conjugates have displayed the potential to be multifunctional anti-AD agents for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Grishchenko
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Yanina V Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Olga G Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Astakhova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina F Zhilina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Rudy J Richardson
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Neurology, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victor I Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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8
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Shchegolkov EV, Boltneva NP, Burgart YV, Lushchekina SV, Serebryakova OG, Elkina NA, Rudakova EV, Perminova AN, Makhaeva GF, Saloutin VI. 3-(2-Arylhydrazono)-1,1,1-trifluro-3-(phenylsulfonyl)propan-2-ones as selective carboxylesterase inhibitors. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Rudakova EV, Lushchekina SV, Astakhova TY, Serkov IV, Proshin AN, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Korabecny J, Soukup O, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Bis-Amiridines as Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors: N-Functionalization Determines the Multitarget Anti-Alzheimer’s Activity Profile. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031060. [PMID: 35164325 PMCID: PMC8839189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two ways of functionalizing amiridine—acylation with chloroacetic acid chloride and reaction with thiophosgene—we have synthesized new homobivalent bis-amiridines joined by two different spacers—bis-N-acyl-alkylene (3) and bis-N-thiourea-alkylene (5) —as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). All compounds exhibited high inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with selectivity for BChE. These new agents displayed negligible carboxylesterase inhibition, suggesting a probable lack of untoward drug–drug interactions arising from hydrolytic biotransformation. Compounds 3 with bis-N-acyl-alkylene spacers were more potent inhibitors of both cholinesterases compared to compounds 5 and the parent amiridine. The lead compounds 3a–c exhibited an IC50(AChE) = 2.9–1.4 µM, IC50(BChE) = 0.13–0.067 µM, and 14–18% propidium displacement at 20 μM. Kinetic studies of compounds 3a and 5d indicated mixed-type reversible inhibition. Molecular docking revealed favorable poses in both catalytic and peripheral AChE sites. Propidium displacement from the peripheral site by the hybrids suggests their potential to hinder AChE-assisted Aβ42 aggregation. Conjugates 3 had no effect on Aβ42 self-aggregation, whereas compounds 5c–e (m = 4, 5, 6) showed mild (13–17%) inhibition. The greatest difference between conjugates 3 and 5 was their antioxidant activity. Bis-amiridines 3 with N-acylalkylene spacers were nearly inactive in ABTS and FRAP tests, whereas compounds 5 with thiourea in the spacers demonstrated high antioxidant activity, especially in the ABTS test (TEAC = 1.2–2.1), in agreement with their significantly lower HOMO-LUMO gap values. Calculated ADMET parameters for all conjugates predicted favorable blood–brain barrier permeability and intestinal absorption, as well as a low propensity for cardiac toxicity. Thus, it was possible to obtain amiridine derivatives whose potencies against AChE and BChE equaled (5) or exceeded (3) that of the parent compound, amiridine. Overall, based on their expanded and balanced pharmacological profiles, conjugates 5c–e appear promising for future optimization and development as multitarget anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.P.B.); (E.V.R.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.P.B.); (E.V.R.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Natalia P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.P.B.); (E.V.R.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Elena V. Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.P.B.); (E.V.R.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Sofya V. Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.P.B.); (E.V.R.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.O.B.)
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Yu. Astakhova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor V. Serkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.P.B.); (E.V.R.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Alexey N. Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.P.B.); (E.V.R.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Eugene V. Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Sergey O. Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.P.B.); (E.V.R.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Rudy J. Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-936-0769
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10
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Elkina NA, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Agafonova NA, Perminova AN, Gerasimova NA, Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Serebryakova OG, Borisevich SS, Evstigneeva NP, Zilberberg NV, Kungurov NV, Saloutin VI. Synthesis and biological evaluation of polyfluoroalkyl-containing 4-arylhydrazinylidene-isoxazoles as antifungal agents with antioxidant activity. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Abstract
In this chapter, we give a brief overview of the regulatory requirements for acute systemic toxicity information in the European Union, and we review structure-based computational models that are available and potentially useful in the assessment of acute systemic toxicity. Emphasis is placed on quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models implemented by means of a range of software tools. The most recently published literature models for acute systemic toxicity are also discussed, and perspectives for future developments in this field are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Tsakovska
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Antonia Diukendjieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andrew P Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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Conjugation of Aminoadamantane and γ-Carboline Pharmacophores Gives Rise to Unexpected Properties of Multifunctional Ligands. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185527. [PMID: 34576998 PMCID: PMC8471380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of conjugates of aminoadamantane and γ-carboline, which are basic scaffolds of the known neuroactive agents, memantine and dimebon (Latrepirdine) was synthesized and characterized. Conjugates act simultaneously on several biological structures and processes involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and some other neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, these compounds inhibit enzymes of the cholinesterase family, exhibiting higher inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), but having almost no effect on the activity of carboxylesterase (anti-target). The compounds serve as NMDA-subtype glutamate receptor ligands, show mitoprotective properties by preventing opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore, and act as microtubule stabilizers, stimulating the polymerization of tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins. Structure–activity relationships were studied, with particular attention to the effect of the spacer on biological activity. The synthesized conjugates showed new properties compared to their prototypes (memantine and dimebon), including the ability to bind to the ifenprodil-binding site of the NMDA receptor and to occupy the peripheral anionic site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which indicates that these compounds can act as blockers of AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation. These new attributes of the conjugates represent improvements to the pharmacological profiles of the separate components by conferring the potential to act as neuroprotectants and cognition enhancers with a multifunctional mode of action.
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13
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Kovaleva NV, Yu Astakhova T, Boltneva NP, Rudakova EV, Serebryakova OG, Proshin AN, Serkov IV, Trofimova TP, Tafeenko VA, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Fisenko VP, Korábečný J, Soukup O, Richardson RJ. Amiridine-piperazine hybrids as cholinesterase inhibitors and potential multitarget agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104974. [PMID: 34029971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized eleven new amiridine-piperazine hybrids 5a-j and 7 as potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment by reacting N-chloroacetylamiridine with piperazines. The compounds displayed mixed-type reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Conjugates were moderate inhibitors of equine and human BChE with negligible fluctuation in anti-BChE activity, whereas anti-AChE activity was substantially dependent on N4-substitution of the piperazine ring. Compounds with para-substituted aromatic moieties (5g, 5h, and bis-amiridine 7) had the highest anti-AChE activity in the low micromolar range. Top-ranked compound 5h, N-(2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinolin-9-yl)-2-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-acetamide, had an IC50 for AChE = 1.83 ± 0.03 μM (Ki = 1.50 ± 0.12 and αKi = 2.58 ± 0.23 μM). The conjugates possessed low activity against carboxylesterase, indicating a likely absence of unwanted drug-drug interactions in clinical use. In agreement with analysis of inhibition kinetics and molecular modeling studies, the lead compounds were found to bind effectively to the peripheral anionic site of AChE and displace propidium, indicating their potential to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation. Similar propidium displacement activity was first shown for amiridine. Two compounds, 5c (R = cyclohexyl) and 5e (R = 2-MeO-Ph), exhibited appreciable antioxidant capability with Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values of 0.47 ± 0.03 and 0.39 ± 0.02, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the structure-activity relationships for AChE and BChE inhibition, including the observation that inhibitory potencies and computed pKa values of hybrids were generally lower than those of the parent molecules. Predicted ADMET and physicochemical properties of conjugates indicated good CNS bioavailability and safety parameters comparable to those of amiridine and therefore acceptable for potential lead compounds at the early stages of anti-AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Tatiana Yu Astakhova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Olga G Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey N Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Igor V Serkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Tatiana P Trofimova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor A Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Eugene V Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Fisenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119881, Russia
| | - Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudy J Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
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Synthesis of new efficient and selective carboxylesterase inhibitors based on adamantyl and citronellyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-arylhydrazonylidene-3-oxobutanoates. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Serebryakova OG, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Elkina NA, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Stupina TS, Terentiev AA, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Saloutin VI, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Novel potent bifunctional carboxylesterase inhibitors based on a polyfluoroalkyl-2-imino-1,3-dione scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113385. [PMID: 33831780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An expanded series of alkyl 2-arylhydrazinylidene-3-oxo-3-polyfluoroalkylpropionates (HOPs) 3 was obtained via Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed azo coupling. All were nanomolar inhibitors of carboxylesterase (CES), while moderate or weak inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Steady-state kinetics studies showed that HOPs 3 are mixed type inhibitors of the three esterases. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that two functional groups in the structure of HOPs, trifluoromethyl ketone (TFK) and ester groups, bind to the CES active site suggesting subsequent reactions: formation of a tetrahedral adduct, and a slow hydrolysis reaction. The results of molecular modeling allowed us to explain some structure-activity relationships of CES inhibition by HOPs 3: their selectivity toward CES in comparison with cholinesterases and the high selectivity of pentafluoroethyl-substituted HOP 3p to hCES1 compared to hCES2. All compounds were predicted to have good intestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability, low cardiac toxicity, good lipophilicity and aqueous solubility, and reasonable overall drug-likeness. HOPs with a TFK group and electron-donor substituents in the arylhydrazone moiety were potent antioxidants. All compounds possessed low cytotoxicity and low acute toxicity. Overall, a new promising type of bifunctional CES inhibitors has been found that are able to interact with the active site of the enzyme with the participation of two functional groups. The results indicate that HOPs have the potential to be good candidates as human CES inhibitors for biomedicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga G Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Natalia A Elkina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Yanina V Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Stupina
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey A Terentiev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Eugene V Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor I Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Rudy J Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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16
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Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Faingold II, Poletaeva DA, Soldatova YV, Kotelnikova RA, Serkov IV, Ustinov AK, Proshin AN, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Richardson RJ. New Multifunctional Agents Based on Conjugates of 4-Amino-2,3-polymethylenequinoline and Butylated Hydroxytoluene for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245891. [PMID: 33322783 PMCID: PMC7763995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
New hybrids of 4-amino-2,3-polymethylenequinoline with different sizes of the aliphatic ring linked to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) by enaminoalkyl (7) or aminoalkyl (8) spacers were synthesized as potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. All compounds were potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with selectivity toward BChE. Lead compound 8c, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-{[2-(7,8,9,10- tetrahydro-6H-cyclohepta[b]quinolin-11-ylamino)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol exhibited an IC50(AChE) = 1.90 ± 0.16 µM, IC50(BChE) = 0.084 ± 0.008 µM, and 13.6 ± 1.2% propidium displacement at 20 μM. Compounds possessed low activity against carboxylesterase, indicating likely absence of clinically unwanted drug-drug interactions. Kinetics were consistent with mixed-type reversible inhibition of both cholinesterases. Docking indicated binding to catalytic and peripheral AChE sites; peripheral site binding along with propidium displacement suggest the potential of the hybrids to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation, a disease-modifying effect. Compounds demonstrated high antioxidant activity in ABTS and FRAP assays as well as inhibition of luminol chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation in mouse brain homogenates. Conjugates 8 with amine-containing spacers were better antioxidants than those with enamine spacers 7. Computational ADMET profiles for all compounds predicted good blood-brain barrier distribution (permeability), good intestinal absorption, and medium cardiac toxicity risk. Overall, based on their favorable pharmacological and ADMET profiles, conjugates 8 appear promising as candidates for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Elena V. Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Natalia P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Sofya V. Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina I. Faingold
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (I.I.F.); (D.A.P.); (Y.V.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Darya A. Poletaeva
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (I.I.F.); (D.A.P.); (Y.V.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Yuliya V. Soldatova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (I.I.F.); (D.A.P.); (Y.V.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Raisa A. Kotelnikova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (I.I.F.); (D.A.P.); (Y.V.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Igor V. Serkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Anatoly K. Ustinov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Alexey N. Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Eugene V. Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.K.U.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rudy J. Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-936-0769
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New Hybrids of 4-Amino-2,3-polymethylene-quinoline and p-Tolylsulfonamide as Dual Inhibitors of Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase and Potential Multifunctional Agents for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173915. [PMID: 32867324 PMCID: PMC7504258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
New hybrid compounds of 4-amino-2,3-polymethylene-quinoline containing different sizes of the aliphatic ring and linked to p-tolylsulfonamide with alkylene spacers of increasing length were synthesized as potential drugs for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). All compounds were potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with selectivity toward BChE. The lead compound 4-methyl-N-(5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-acridin-9-ylamino)-pentyl)-benzenesulfonamide (7h) exhibited an IC50 (AChE) = 0.131 ± 0.01 µM (five times more potent than tacrine), IC50(BChE) = 0.0680 ± 0.0014 µM, and 17.5 ± 1.5% propidium displacement at 20 µM. The compounds possessed low activity against carboxylesterase, indicating a likely absence of unwanted drug-drug interactions in clinical use. Kinetics studies were consistent with mixed-type reversible inhibition of both cholinesterases. Molecular docking demonstrated dual binding sites of the conjugates in AChE and clarified the differences in the structure-activity relationships for AChE and BChE inhibition. The conjugates could bind to the AChE peripheral anionic site and displace propidium, indicating their potential to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation, thereby exerting a disease-modifying effect. All compounds demonstrated low antioxidant activity. Computational ADMET profiles predicted that all compounds would have good intestinal absorption, medium blood-brain barrier permeability, and medium cardiac toxicity risk. Overall, the results indicate that the novel conjugates show promise for further development and optimization as multitarget anti-AD agents.
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Abstract
Abstract
A new series of homobivalent Dimebon analogs, bis-γ-carbolines with alkylene, phenylenedialkylene, and triazole-containing spacers, was synthesized. Doubling the γ-carboline pharmacophore increased inhibitory potency against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) compared with Dimebon, while keeping Dimebon’s anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity; therefore, leading to inversion of selectivity. Molecular docking revealed the reasons for the increased anti-AChE activity and ability to block AChE-induced aggregation of β-amyloid for bis-γ-carbolines, which became double-site inhibitors of AChE. Conjugates with ditriazole-containing spacers were the most active antioxidants in both the ABTS-test and prevention of lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates without inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Conjugates with alkylene (4a–d), phenylenedialkylene (4e), and monotriazole (8) spacers were less active as antioxidants but prevented induction of the MPT and increased the calcium retention capacity of mitochondria. Lead compound 4e showed neuroprotective potential in a cellular calcium overload model of neurodegeneration. Computational studies showed that all the bis-γ-carbolines were expected to have high values for intestinal absorption and very good blood-brain barrier permeability along with good drug-likeness. Overall, the results showed that new homobivalent Dimebon analogs exhibit an expanded spectrum of biological activity and improved pharmacological properties, making them promising candidates for further research and optimization as multitarget agents for Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
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Richardson RJ, Fink JK, Glynn P, Hufnagel RB, Makhaeva GF, Wijeyesakere SJ. Neuropathy target esterase (NTE/PNPLA6) and organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2020; 4:1-78. [PMID: 32518884 PMCID: PMC7271139 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) with certain organophosphorus (OP) compounds produces OP compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), a distal degeneration of axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), thereby providing a powerful model for studying a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Axonopathies are important medical entities in their own right, but in addition, illnesses once considered primary neuronopathies are now thought to begin with axonal degeneration. These disorders include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Moreover, conditional knockout of NTE in the mouse CNS produces vacuolation and other degenerative changes in large neurons in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum, along with degeneration and swelling of axons in ascending and descending spinal cord tracts. In humans, NTE mutations cause a variety of neurodegenerative conditions resulting in a range of deficits including spastic paraplegia and blindness. Mutations in the Drosophila NTE orthologue SwissCheese (SWS) produce neurodegeneration characterized by vacuolization that can be partially rescued by expression of wild-type human NTE, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for certain human neurological disorders. This chapter defines NTE and OPIDN, presents an overview of OP compounds, provides a rationale for NTE research, and traces the history of discovery of NTE and its relationship to OPIDN. It then briefly describes subsequent studies of NTE, including practical applications of the assay; aspects of its domain structure, subcellular localization, and tissue expression; abnormalities associated with NTE mutations, knockdown, and conventional or conditional knockout; and hypothetical models to help guide future research on elucidating the role of NTE in OPIDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy J. Richardson
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Corresponding author:
| | - John K. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul Glynn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sanjeeva J. Wijeyesakere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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20
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Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Rudakova EV, Stupina TS, Terentiev AA, Serkov IV, Proshin AN, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Conjugates of tacrine and 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives as new potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer’s disease treatment: Synthesis, quantum-chemical characterization, molecular docking, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Makhaeva GF, Elkina NA, Shchegolkov EV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Serebryakova OG, Rudakova EV, Kovaleva NV, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of 3-oxo-2-tolylhydrazinylidene-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoates bearing higher and natural alcohol moieties as new selective carboxylesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Overview of novel multifunctional agents based on conjugates of γ-carbolines, carbazoles, tetrahydrocarbazoles, phenothiazines, and aminoadamantanes for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Kovaleva NV, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Proshin AN, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI. Cholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibitors as pharmacological agents. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Dmitriev AV, Lagunin AA, Karasev DА, Rudik AV, Pogodin PV, Filimonov DA, Poroikov VV. Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions Related to Inhibition or Induction of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:319-336. [PMID: 30674264 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190123160406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is the phenomenon of alteration of the pharmacological activity of a drug(s) when another drug(s) is co-administered in cases of so-called polypharmacy. There are three types of DDIs: pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic, and pharmaceutical. PK is the most frequent type of DDI, which often appears as a result of the inhibition or induction of drug-metabolising enzymes (DME). In this review, we summarise in silico methods that may be applied for the prediction of the inhibition or induction of DMEs and describe appropriate computational methods for DDI prediction, showing the current situation and perspectives of these approaches in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. We review sources of information on DDI, which can be used in pharmaceutical investigations and medicinal practice and/or for the creation of computational models. The problem of the inaccuracy and redundancy of these data are discussed. We provide information on the state-of-the-art physiologically- based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK) approaches and DME-based in silico methods. In the section on ligand-based methods, we describe pharmacophore models, molecular field analysis, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), and similarity analysis applied to the prediction of DDI related to the inhibition or induction of DME. In conclusion, we discuss the problems of DDI severity assessment, mention factors that influence severity, and highlight the issues, perspectives and practical using of in silico methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey A Lagunin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, RussiaN Federation
| | | | | | - Pavel V Pogodin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
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25
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Conjugates of methylene blue with γ-carboline derivatives as new multifunctional agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4873. [PMID: 30890752 PMCID: PMC6424957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the inhibitory activity of methylene blue (MB) γ-carbolines (gC) conjugates (MB-gCs) against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE), equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and a structurally related enzyme, porcine liver carboxylesterase (CaE). In addition, we determined the ability of MB-gCs to bind to the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of Electrophorus electricus AChE (EeAChE) and competitively displace propidium iodide from this site. Moreover, we examined the ability of MB-gCs to scavenge free radicals as well as their influence on mitochondrial potential and iron-induced lipid peroxidation. We found that MB-gCs effectively inhibited AChE and BChE with IC50 values in the range 1.73–10.5 μM and exhibited low potencies against CaE (9.8–26% inhibition at 20 μM). Kinetic studies showed that MB-gCs were mixed-type reversible inhibitors of both cholinesterases. Molecular docking results showed that the MB-gCs could bind both to the catalytic active site and to the PAS of human AChE and BChE. Accordingly, MB-gCs effectively displaced propidium from the peripheral anionic site of EeAChE. In addition, MB-gCs were extremely active in both radical scavenging tests. Quantum mechanical DFT calculations suggested that free radical scavenging was likely mediated by the sulfur atom in the MB fragment. Furthermore, the MB-gCs, in like manner to MB, can restore mitochondrial membrane potential after depolarization with rotenone. Moreover, MB-gCs possess strong antioxidant properties, preventing iron-induced lipid peroxidation in mitochondria. Overall, the results indicate that MB-gCs are promising candidates for further optimization as multitarget therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases.
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26
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Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological activity of 2-vinyl chromones: Toward selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4716-4725. [PMID: 30104121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the biological activity of a series of substituted chromeno[3,2-c]pyridines, including compounds previously synthesized by our group and novel compounds whose syntheses are reported here. Tandem transformation of their tetrahydropyridine ring under the action of activated alkynes yielding 2-vinylsubstituted chromones was used to prepare nitrogen-containing derivatives of a biologically active chromone system. The inhibitory activity of these chromone derivatives against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CaE) was investigated using the methods of enzyme kinetics and molecular docking. Antioxidant (antiradical) activity of the compounds was assessed in the ABTS assay. The results demonstrated that a subset of the studied chromone derivatives selectively inhibit BChE but do not exhibit antiradical activity. In addition, the results of molecular docking effectively explained the observed features in the efficacy, selectivity, and mechanism of BChE inhibition by the chromone derivatives.
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27
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Stassart RM, Möbius W, Nave KA, Edgar JM. The Axon-Myelin Unit in Development and Degenerative Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:467. [PMID: 30050403 PMCID: PMC6050401 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons are electrically excitable, cable-like neuronal processes that relay information between neurons within the nervous system and between neurons and peripheral target tissues. In the central and peripheral nervous systems, most axons over a critical diameter are enwrapped by myelin, which reduces internodal membrane capacitance and facilitates rapid conduction of electrical impulses. The spirally wrapped myelin sheath, which is an evolutionary specialisation of vertebrates, is produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells; in most mammals myelination occurs during postnatal development and after axons have established connection with their targets. Myelin covers the vast majority of the axonal surface, influencing the axon's physical shape, the localisation of molecules on its membrane and the composition of the extracellular fluid (in the periaxonal space) that immerses it. Moreover, myelinating cells play a fundamental role in axonal support, at least in part by providing metabolic substrates to the underlying axon to fuel its energy requirements. The unique architecture of the myelinated axon, which is crucial to its function as a conduit over long distances, renders it particularly susceptible to injury and confers specific survival and maintenance requirements. In this review we will describe the normal morphology, ultrastructure and function of myelinated axons, and discuss how these change following disease, injury or experimental perturbation, with a particular focus on the role the myelinating cell plays in shaping and supporting the axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M. Stassart
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia M. Edgar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Khudina O, Shchegol’kov E, Burgart Y, Boltneva N, Rudakova E, Makhaeva G, Saloutin V. Intramolecular cyclization of polyfluoroalkyl-containing 2-(arylhydrazinylidene)-1,3-diketones. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Targeted synthesis and biological activity of polypharmacophoric agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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1,2,4-Thiadiazole derivatives as effective NMDA receptor blockers with anticholinesterase activity and antioxidant properties. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Serebryakova OG, Rudakova EV, Ustyugov AA, Bachurin SO, Shchepochkin AV, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN, Richardson RJ. 9-Substituted acridine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors possessing antioxidant activity for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5981-5994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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32
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Synthesis of new N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-aminothiazoline derivatives possessing anticholinesterase and antiradical activity as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Makhaeva GF, Sokolov VB, Shevtsova EF, Kovaleva NV, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Rudakova EV, Aksinenko AY, Shevtsov PN, Neganova ME, Dubova LG, Bachurin SO. Focused design of polypharmacophoric neuroprotective compounds: Conjugates of γ-carbolines with carbazole derivatives and tetrahydrocarbazole. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease has a complex multifactorial nature; therefore, a promising approach for the development of efficient therapeutic agents is the concept of multitarget drugs, which affect several biological targets involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. We developed a synthetic algorithm for conjugating several pharmacophoric ligands acting on the key stages of pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases and synthesized hybrid structures combining the γ-carboline fragment of Dimebon with carbazole and tetrahydrocarbazole moieties. Using the complex primary screening system the structures have been revealed that combine the high inhibitory activity and selectivity towards butyrylcholinesterase with the radical-scavenging activity and the ability to potentiate tubulin polymerization to microtubules with a normal structure and/or prevent mitochondrial permeability transition. The lead compound was identified for future optimization and development of new multi-target drugs against neurodegenerative diseases combining the cognitive-stimulating and neuroprotective potentials.
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34
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Sigolaeva LV, Gladyr SY, Mergel O, Gelissen APH, Noyong M, Simon U, Pergushov DV, Kurochkin IN, Plamper FA, Richtering W. Easy-Preparable Butyrylcholinesterase/Microgel Construct for Facilitated Organophosphate Biosensing. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6091-6098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Sigolaeva
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Snezhana Yu. Gladyr
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Mergel
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Arjan P. H. Gelissen
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Noyong
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Simon
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Kurochkin
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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35
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Novel conjugates of aminoadamantanes with carbazole derivatives as potential multitarget agents for AD treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45627. [PMID: 28358144 PMCID: PMC5372361 DOI: 10.1038/srep45627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new group of compounds, promising for the design of original multitarget therapeutic agents for treating neurodegenerative diseases, based on conjugates of aminoadamantane and carbazole derivatives was synthesized and investigated. Compounds of these series were found to interact with a group of targets that play an important role in the development of this type of diseases. First of all, these compounds selectively inhibit butyrylcholinesterase, block NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits while maintaining the properties of MK-801 binding site blockers, exert microtubules stabilizing properties, and possess the ability to protect nerve cells from death at the calcium overload conditions. The leading compound C-2h has been shown the most promising effects on all analyzed parameters. Thus, these compounds can be regarded as promising candidates for the design of multi-target disease-modifying drugs for treatment of AD and/or similar neuropathologies.
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36
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1,2,4-Thiadiazoles as promising multifunctional agents for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Synthesis and studies of biological activity of N-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-aminothiazolines as potential multifunctional agents for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Molecular design of N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiazolines as selective carboxylesterase inhibitors. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Serebryakova OG, Aksinenko AY, Lushchekina SV, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Esterase profiles of organophosphorus compounds in vitro predict their behavior in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:332-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Serebryakova OG, Aksinenko AY, Richardson RJ, Bachurin SO. Esterase profiles of hexafluoropropan-2-ol-based dialkyl phosphates as a major determinant of their effects in mouse brain in vivo. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Burton J, Worth AP, Tsakovska I, Diukendjieva A. In Silico Models for Acute Systemic Toxicity. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1425:177-200. [PMID: 27311468 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3609-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we give an overview of the regulatory requirements for acute systemic toxicity information in the European Union, and we review the availability of structure-based computational models that are available and potentially useful in the assessment of acute systemic toxicity. The most recently published literature models for acute systemic toxicity are also discussed, and perspectives for future developments in this field are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Burton
- Systems Toxicology Unit and EURL ECVAM, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrew P Worth
- Systems Toxicology Unit and EURL ECVAM, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Varese, Italy.
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- Department of QSAR & Molecular Modeling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antonia Diukendjieva
- Department of QSAR & Molecular Modeling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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42
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Synthesis of novel diazaphosphinanes coumarin derivatives with promoted cytotoxic and anti-tyrosinase activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2450-2454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiazolines as a new class of butyrylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1050-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Sokolov VB, Grigoriev VV, Serebryakova OG, Vikhareva EA, Aksinenko AY, Barreto GE, Aliev G, Bachurin SO. Conjugates of γ-Carbolines and Phenothiazine as new selective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase and blockers of NMDA receptors for Alzheimer Disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13164. [PMID: 26281952 PMCID: PMC4642525 DOI: 10.1038/srep13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a multifactorial pathology and the development of new multitarget neuroprotective drugs is promising and attractive. We synthesized a group of original compounds, which combine in one molecule γ-carboline fragment of dimebon and phenothiazine core of methylene blue (MB) linked by 1-oxo- and 2-hydroxypropylene spacers. Inhibitory activity of the conjugates toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and structurally close to them carboxylesterase (CaE), as well their binding to NMDA-receptors were evaluated in vitro and in silico. These newly synthesized compounds showed significantly higher inhibitory activity toward BChE with IC50 values in submicromolar and micromolar range and exhibited selective inhibitory action against BChE over AChE and CaE. Kinetic studies for the 9 most active compounds indicated that majority of them were mixed-type BChE inhibitors. The main specific protein-ligand interaction is π-π stacking of phenothiazine ring with indole group of Trp82. These compounds emerge as promising safe multitarget ligands for the further development of a therapeutic approach against aging-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and/or other pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- 1] Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia [2] Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Sokolov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Grigoriev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga G Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Vikhareva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Aksinenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - George E Barreto
- 1] Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia [2] Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- 1] GALLY International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA [2] School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA 30097, USA
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
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45
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Yarkevich AN, Brel VK, Makhaeva GF, Serebryakova OG, Boltneva NP, Kovaleva NV. Synthesis and investigation of biological activity of phosphorylated amines and amides. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215070129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Emerick GL, Fernandes LS, de Paula ES, Barbosa F, dos Santos NAG, dos Santos AC. In vitro study of the neuropathic potential of the organophosphorus compounds fenamiphos and profenofos: Comparison with mipafox and paraoxon. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1079-87. [PMID: 25910916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is a central-peripheral distal axonopathy that develops 8-14 days after poisoning by a neuropathic organophosphorus compound (OP). Several OPs that caused OPIDN were withdrawn from the agricultural market due to induction of serious delayed effects. Therefore, the development of in vitro screenings able to differentiate neuropathic from non-neuropathic OPs is of crucial importance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the neurotoxic effects of mipafox (neuropathic OP) and paraoxon (non-neuropathic OP) in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, using the inhibition and aging of neuropathy target esterase (NTE), inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), activation of calpain, neurite outgrowth, cytotoxicity and intracellular calcium as indicators. Additionally, the potential of fenamiphos and profenofos to cause acute and/or delayed effects was also evaluated. Mipafox had the lowest IC50 and induced the highest percentage of aging of NTE among the OPs evaluated. Only mipafox was able to cause calpain activation after 24 h of incubation. Concentrations of mipafox and fenamiphos which inhibited at least 70% of NTE were also able to reduce neurite outgrowth. Cytotoxicity was higher in non-neuropathic than in neuropathic OPs while the intracellular calcium levels were higher in neuropathic than in non-neuropathic OPs. In conclusion, the SH-SY5Y cellular model was selective to differentiate neuropathic from non-neuropathic OPs; fenamiphos, but not profenofos presented results compatible with the induction of OPIDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L Emerick
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - ICS/UFMT/CUS, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
| | - Laís S Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloísa Silva de Paula
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Neife Aparecida Guinaim dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Cardozo dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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47
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Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Hein ND, Serebryakova OG, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Fink JK, Richardson RJ. Further studies toward a mouse model for biochemical assessment of neuropathic potential of organophosphorus compounds. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:1426-35. [PMID: 24395470 PMCID: PMC4085144 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition and aging of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) by neuropathic organophosphorus (OP) compounds triggers OP compound-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), whereas inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) produces cholinergic toxicity. The neuropathic potential of an OP compound is defined by its relative inhibitory potency toward NTE vs. AChE assessed by enzyme assays following dosing in vivo or after incubations of direct-acting compounds or active metabolites with enzymes in vitro. The standard animal model of OPIDN is the adult hen, but its large size and high husbandry costs make this species a burdensome model for assessing neuropathic potential. Although the mouse does not readily exhibit clinical signs of OPIDN, it displays axonal lesions and expresses brain AChE and NTE. Therefore, the present research was performed as a further test of the hypothesis that inhibition of mouse brain AChE and NTE could be used to assess neuropathic potential using mouse brain preparations in vitro or employing mouse brain assays following dosing of OP compounds in vivo. Excellent correlations were obtained for inhibition kinetics in vitro of mouse brain enzymes vs. hen brain and human recombinant enzymes. Furthermore, inhibition of mouse brain AChE and NTE after dosing with OP compounds afforded ED(50) ratios that agreed with relative inhibitory potencies assessed in vitro. Taken together, results with mouse brain enzymes demonstrated consistent correspondence between in vitro and in vivo predictors of neuropathic potential, thus adding to previous studies supporting the validity of a mouse model for biochemical assessment of the ability of OP compounds to produce OPIDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V. Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Nichole D. Hein
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Olga G. Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Natalia P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - John K. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Rudy J. Richardson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- Toxicology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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48
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Toropov AA, Toropova AP, Raska I, Leszczynska D, Leszczynski J. Comprehension of drug toxicity: software and databases. Comput Biol Med 2013; 45:20-5. [PMID: 24480159 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-property/activity relationships (QSPRs/QSARs) are a tool (in silico) to rapidly predict various endpoints in general, and drug toxicity in particular. However, this dynamic evolution of experimental data (expansion of existing experimental data on drugs toxicity) leads to the problem of critical estimation of the data. The carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, liver effects and cardiac toxicity should be evaluated as the most important aspects of the drug toxicity. The toxicity is a multidimensional phenomenon. It is apparent that the main reasons for the increase in applications of in silico prediction of toxicity include the following: (i) the need to reduce animal testing; (ii) computational models provide reliable toxicity prediction; (iii) development of legislation that is related to use of new substances; (iv) filling data gaps; (v) reduction of cost and time; (vi) designing of new compounds; (vii) advancement of understanding of biology and chemistry. This mini-review provides analysis of existing databases and software which are necessary for use of robust computational assessments and robust prediction of potential drug toxicities by means of in silico methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Toropov
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, Milano 20156, Italy.
| | - Alla P Toropova
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Ivan Raska
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 1, 12808 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta Leszczynska
- Interdisciplinary Nanotoxicity Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jackson State University, 1325 Lynch St, Jackson, MS 39217-0510, USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Nanotoxicity Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 J. R. Lynch Street, PO Box 17910, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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49
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Modeling in vitro inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase using molecular docking, multi-linear regression and artificial neural network approaches. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:538-49. [PMID: 24290065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) has been an important protein used for development of anti-cocaine medication. Through computational design, BChE mutants with ∼2000-fold improved catalytic efficiency against cocaine have been discovered in our lab. To study drug-enzyme interaction it is important to build mathematical model to predict molecular inhibitory activity against BChE. This report presents a neural network (NN) QSAR study, compared with multi-linear regression (MLR) and molecular docking, on a set of 93 small molecules that act as inhibitors of BChE by use of the inhibitory activities (pIC₅₀ values) of the molecules as target values. The statistical results for the linear model built from docking generated energy descriptors were: r(2)=0.67, rmsd=0.87, q(2)=0.65 and loormsd=0.90; the statistical results for the ligand-based MLR model were: r(2)=0.89, rmsd=0.51, q(2)=0.85 and loormsd=0.58; the statistical results for the ligand-based NN model were the best: r(2)=0.95, rmsd=0.33, q(2)=0.90 and loormsd=0.48, demonstrating that the NN is powerful in analysis of a set of complicated data. As BChE is also an established drug target to develop new treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The developed QSAR models provide tools for rationalizing identification of potential BChE inhibitors or selection of compounds for synthesis in the discovery of novel effective inhibitors of BChE in the future.
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50
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Serebryakova OG, Aksinenko AY, Goreva TV, Richardson RJ, Martynov IV. Kinetics and mechanism of inhibition of serine esterases by fluorinated carbethoxy 1-aminophosphonates. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2013; 451:203-6. [PMID: 23975401 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672913040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
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