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Li L, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Meng X, Pan G, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang B. The Molecular Basis of the Anti-Inflammatory Property of Astragaloside IV for the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:771-790. [PMID: 36925998 PMCID: PMC10013573 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s399423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix is a significant traditional Chinese medication, and has a long history of clinical application in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. AS-IV is an active saponin isolated from it. Modern pharmacological study shows that AS-IV has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory activities. The popular inflammatory etiology of diabetes suggests that DM is a natural immune and low-grade inflammatory disease. Pharmacological intervention of the inflammatory response may provide promising and alternative approaches for the prevention and treatment of DM and its complications. Therefore, this article focuses on the potential of AS-IV in the treatment of DM from the perspective of an anti-inflammatory molecular basis. AS-IV plays a role by regulating a variety of anti-inflammatory pathways in multiple organs, tissues and target cells throughout the body. The blockade of the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway may be the central link of AS-IV's anti-inflammatory effect, resulting in a reduction in the tissue structure and function damage stimulated by inflammatory factors. In addition, AS-IV can delay the onset of DM and its complications by inhibiting inflammation-related oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis signals. In conclusion, AS-IV has therapeutic prospects from the perspective of reducing the inflammation of DM and its complications. An in-depth study on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of AS-IV is of great significance for the effective use of Chinese herbal medicine and the promotion of its status and influence on the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudan Luo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Meng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300250, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
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Jannapureddy S, Sharma M, Yepuri G, Schmidt AM, Ramasamy R. Aldose Reductase: An Emerging Target for Development of Interventions for Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636267. [PMID: 33776930 PMCID: PMC7992003 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite numerous treatments for cardiovascular disease (CVD), for patients with diabetes, these therapies provide less benefit for protection from CVD. These considerations spur the concept that diabetes-specific, disease-modifying therapies are essential to identify especially as the diabetes epidemic continues to expand. In this context, high levels of blood glucose stimulate the flux via aldose reductase (AR) pathway leading to metabolic and signaling changes in cells of the cardiovascular system. In animal models flux via AR in hearts is increased by diabetes and ischemia and its inhibition protects diabetic and non-diabetic hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In mouse models of diabetic atherosclerosis, human AR expression accelerates progression and impairs regression of atherosclerotic plaques. Genetic studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ALD2 (human AR gene) is associated with diabetic complications, including cardiorenal complications. This Review presents current knowledge regarding the roles for AR in the causes and consequences of diabetic cardiovascular disease and the status of AR inhibitors in clinical trials. Studies from both human subjects and animal models are presented to highlight the breadth of evidence linking AR to the cardiovascular consequences of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Wang C, La L, Feng H, Yang Q, Wu F, Wang C, Wu J, Hou L, Hou C, Liu W. Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Engeletin Suppresses Pelvic Inflammatory Disease by Blocking the Phospholipase C/Protein Kinase C-Dependent/NF-κB and MAPK Cascades. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11747-11757. [PMID: 33047600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common inflammation in the upper reproductive tract in women and may cause serious and costly consequences without effective treatment. Engeletin is a flavanonol glycoside and a naturally derived aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor that is widely distributed in vegetables, fruits, and plant-based foods. The present study investigated the anti-PID activity of engeletin in a mucilage-induced rat model of PID and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Engeletin significantly reduced inflammation and ameliorated the typical uterine pathological changes in PID rats. Engeletin also inhibited AR-dependent PLC/PKC/NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory pathways, as indicated by the suppression of the phosphorylation levels of PLC, PKC, p38, ERK, and JNK and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In vitro studies demonstrated that engeletin significantly inhibited inflammatory mediator expression and enhanced the phagocytic ability of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. RNA interference of AR prevented the engeletin-induced inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Engeletin also inhibited AR-dependent PLC/PKC/NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory pathways, which was consistent with the in vivo results. These findings support engeletin as a potential agent for prevention or treatment of PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canmao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei La
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haixing Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fuling Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiangjie Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lianbing Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chuqi Hou
- Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenqin Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Yang L, Han X, Zhang L, Li N, Zhao Z, Bai J. Changes in expression of prostaglandin synthase in ovine liver during early pregnancy. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver can function as part of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We hypothesize that prostaglandins participate in the regulation of hepatic immune function during early pregnancy in sheep. The objective of this study was to elucidate expression of prostaglandin synthase in ovine liver during early pregnancy. Ovine livers were sampled on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnancy, and the expression of prostaglandin synthases, including prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1), PTGS2, prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES), and aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1, a prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS), were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis. There were increases in the expression of mRNA and the proteins of PTGS2, PTGES, and PGFS in the livers during early pregnancy, but PTGS1 was decreased in the pregnant ewes. The PGFS protein was limited to the hepatocytes and the endothelial cells of the proper hepatic arteries and hepatic portal veins. In summary, the upregulation of PTGS2, PTGES, and PGFS and downregulation of PTGS1 may be involved in the maternal hepatic immune adjustment during early pregnancy in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, People’s Republic of China
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Effect of early pregnancy on the expression of prostaglandin synthases in the ovine thymus. Theriogenology 2019; 136:166-171. [PMID: 31265945 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thymus is a primary lymphoid organ, must adapt to the presence of fetal alloantigens. Prostaglandins (PGs) have diverse effects to activate or inhibit the immune response, but effects of early pregnancy on the expression of PG synthases in ovine maternal thymus are unclear. In this study, ovine thymic samples were obtained at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy. The expression of PG synthases, including cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), COX-2, PGE2 synthase (PTGES), and a prostaglandin F2α synthase (Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1, AKR1B1), was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, the thymus/body ratio was also calculated. Our results showed that the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein, AKR1B1 mRNA and dimer were up-regulated on day 25 of pregnancy (P < 0.05), and expression of COX-1, PTGES mRNA and protein, AKR1B1 monomer and thymus/body ratio were similar at different stages of pregnancy and the estrous cycle. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the COX-2 and AKR1B1 proteins were located in the stromal cells, capillaries and thymic corpuscles. This is the first study to report that expression of COX-2 and AKR1B1 dimer is up-regulated in the maternal thymus during early pregnancy, suggesting that early pregnancy exerts its effects on maternal thymus, which is involved in immunomodulation during early pregnancy in sheep.
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Cooperative regulation of mouse aldose reductase (AKR1B3) gene transcription by Nrf2, TonEBP, and c-jun. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Expression profiles of interferon-stimulated gene 15 and prostaglandin synthases in the ovine lymph nodes during early pregnancy. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 86:100-108. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yang L, Liu Y, Lv W, Wang P, Wang B, Xue J, Zhang L. Expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15-kDa protein, cyclooxygenase (COX) 1, COX-2, aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1, and prostaglandin E synthase in the spleen during early pregnancy in sheep. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1540-1548. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Animal Science; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering; Hebei University of Engineering; Handan China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Animal Science; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering; Hebei University of Engineering; Handan China
| | - Wan Lv
- Department of Animal Science; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering; Hebei University of Engineering; Handan China
| | - Pengda Wang
- Department of Animal Science; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering; Hebei University of Engineering; Handan China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Animal Science; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering; Hebei University of Engineering; Handan China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Animal Science; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering; Hebei University of Engineering; Handan China
| | - Leying Zhang
- Department of Animal Science; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering; Hebei University of Engineering; Handan China
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Homme RP, Singh M, Majumder A, George AK, Nair K, Sandhu HS, Tyagi N, Lominadze D, Tyagi SC. Remodeling of Retinal Architecture in Diabetic Retinopathy: Disruption of Ocular Physiology and Visual Functions by Inflammatory Gene Products and Pyroptosis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1268. [PMID: 30233418 PMCID: PMC6134046 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients suffer from a host of physiological abnormalities beyond just those of glucose metabolism. These abnormalities often lead to systemic inflammation via modulation of several inflammation-related genes, their respective gene products, homocysteine metabolism, and pyroptosis. The very nature of this homeostatic disruption re-sets the overall physiology of diabetics via upregulation of immune responses, enhanced retinal neovascularization, upregulation of epigenetic events, and disturbances in cells' redox regulatory system. This altered pathophysiological milieu can lead to the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a debilitating vision-threatening eye condition with microvascular complications. DR is the most prevalent cause of irreversible blindness in the working-age adults throughout the world as it can lead to severe structural and functional remodeling of the retina, decreasing vision and thus diminishing the quality of life. In this manuscript, we attempt to summarize recent developments and new insights to explore the very nature of this intertwined crosstalk between components of the immune system and their metabolic orchestrations to elucidate the pathophysiology of DR. Understanding the multifaceted nature of the cellular and molecular factors that are involved in DR could reveal new targets for effective diagnostics, therapeutics, prognostics, preventive tools, and finally strategies to combat the development and progression of DR in susceptible subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubens P. Homme
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Avisek Majumder
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Akash K. George
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kavya Nair
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Harpal S. Sandhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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