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Estévez-Sarmiento F, Saavedra E, Brouard I, Peyrac J, Hernández-Garcés J, García C, Quintana J, Estévez F. Guanidine Derivatives Containing the Chalcone Skeleton Are Potent Antiproliferative Compounds against Human Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415518. [PMID: 36555165 PMCID: PMC9779571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of eleven synthetic guanidines containing the 1,3-diphenylpropenone core on the viabilities of six human cancer cells. The most cytotoxic compound against human cancer cells of this series contains a N-tosyl group and a N-methylpiperazine moiety 6f. It was cytotoxic against leukemia cells (U-937, HL-60, MOLT-3, and NALM-6) with significant effects against Bcl-2-overexpressing U-937/Bcl-2 cells as well as the human melanoma SK-MEL-1 cell line. It exhibited low cytotoxicity against quiescent or proliferating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The IC50 value for the leukemia U-937 cells was 1.6 ± 0.6 µM, a similar value to that in the antineoplastic agent etoposide. The guanidine containing a N-phenyl substituent 6i was also as cytotoxic as the guanidine containing the N-tosyl substituent and the N-methylpiperazine group 6f against human U-937 leukemia cells and both synthetic guanidines were potent apoptotic inducers. Cell death was mediated by the activation of the initiator caspase-9 and the executioner caspase-3, and associated with the release of cytochrome c. These synthetic guanidines are potent cytotoxic compounds against several human leukemia cells and even the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-1 and might be useful in the development of new strategies in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Estévez-Sarmiento
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-928-451443; Fax: +34-928-451441
| | - Ester Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ignacio Brouard
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jesús Peyrac
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Judith Hernández-Garcés
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica AG, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (Tenerife), 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Celina García
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica AG, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (Tenerife), 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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2
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Therapeutic Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS Two-Component Regulatory System Blocks Virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0018722. [PMID: 35736133 PMCID: PMC9295591 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00187-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of severe infections, and its widespread antibiotic resistance necessitates search for alternative therapies, such as inhibition of virulence. As S. aureus produces multiple individual virulence factors, inhibition of an entire regulatory system might provide better effects than targeting each virulence factor separately. Herein, we describe two novel inhibitors of S. aureus two-component regulatory system ArlRS: 3,4'-dimethoxyflavone and homopterocarpin. Unlike other putative ArlRS inhibitors previously identified, these two compounds were effective and specific. In vitro kinase assays indicated that 3,4'-dimethoxyflavone directly inhibits ArlS autophosphorylation, while homopterocarpin did not exhibit such effect, suggesting that two inhibitors work through distinct mechanisms. Application of the inhibitors to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in vitro blocked ArlRS signaling, inducing an abnormal gene expression pattern that was reflected in changes at the protein level, enhanced sensitivity to oxacillin, and led to the loss of numerous cellular virulence traits, including the ability to clump, adhere to host ligands, and evade innate immunity. The pleiotropic antivirulence effect of inhibiting a single regulatory system resulted in a marked therapeutic potential, demonstrated by the ability of inhibitors to decrease severity of MRSA infection in mice. Altogether, this study demonstrated the feasibility of ArlRS inhibition as anti-S. aureus treatment, and identified new lead compounds for therapeutic development.
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Del Rosario H, Saavedra E, Brouard I, González-Santana D, García C, Spínola-Lasso E, Tabraue C, Quintana J, Estévez F. Structure-activity relationships reveal a 2-furoyloxychalcone as a potent cytotoxic and apoptosis inducer for human U-937 and HL-60 leukaemia cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105926. [PMID: 35717804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic flavonoids with new substitution patterns have attracted attention as potential anticancer drugs. Here, twelve chalcones were synthesized and their antiproliferative activities against five human tumour cells were evaluated. This series of chalcone derivatives was characterized by the presence of an additional aromatic or heterocyclic ring linked by an ether, in the case of a benzyl radical, or an ester or amide functional group in the case of a furoyl radical. In addition, the influence on cytotoxicity by the presence of one or three methoxy groups or a 2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl system on the B ring of the chalcone scaffold was also explored. The results revealed that the most cytotoxic chalcones contain a furoyl substituent linked by an ester or an amide through the 2'-hydroxy or the 2'-amino group of the A ring of the chalcone skeleton, with IC50 values between 0.2 ± 0.1 μM and 1.3 ± 0.1 μM against human leukaemia cells. The synthetic chalcone 2'-furoyloxy-4-methoxychalcone (FMC) was, at least, ten-fold more potent than the antineoplastic agent etoposide against U-937 cells and displayed less cytotoxicity against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Treatment of U-937 and HL-60 cells with FMC induced cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase, an increase in the percentage of sub-G1 and annexin-V positive cells, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, activation of caspase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. In addition, it inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro in a concentration dependent manner. Cell death triggered by this chalcone was decreased by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk and was dependent of the generation of reactive oxygen species. We conclude that this furoyloxychalcone may be useful in the development of a potential anti-leukaemia strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henoc Del Rosario
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ester Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ignacio Brouard
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Santana
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Celina García
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-orgánica AG, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena Spínola-Lasso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlos Tabraue
- Departamento de Morfología, Grupo de Investigación Medio Ambiente y Salud (GIMAS), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Leitão EPT, Ascenso OS, Santos de Almeida T, González I, Hernández I, Quintana J, Estévez F, Rijo P. Design and synthesis of naphthylchalcones as novel anti-leukaemia agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105348. [PMID: 34736139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of new hydroxylated chalcone derivatives with different substitution patterns on a phenyl ring A and B, were prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation in an aqueous alkaline base. The antiproliferative activity of the studied compounds was evaluated against the human leukaemia cell line U-937. The structure-activity relationship of these naphthylchalcones was investigated by the introduction of one methoxy or two methyl groups on the A ring, the introduction of a methoxy group on the naphthyl ring or by varying the position of the methoxy group on the A ring. The results revealed that the naphthylchalcone containing a methoxy group in position 6́ of the A ring was the most cytotoxic compound, with an IC50 value of 4.7 ± 0.5 μM against U-937 cells. This synthetic chalcone induced S and G2-M cell cycle arrest, a time-dependent increase in sub-G1 ratio and annexin-V positive cells, caspase activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Apoptosis induction was blocked by a pan-caspase inhibitor and by the selective caspase-3/7 inhibitor and attenuated by the inhibition of c-jun N-terminal kinases / stress-activated protein kinases (JNK/SAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The structure-activity relationship of naphthylchalcones against human leukaemia cells reveals that the major determining in cytotoxicity is the presence of a methoxy group in position 6́ of the A ring that suggest the potential of this compound or derivatives in the development of new anti-leukaemia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília P T Leitão
- Process Chemistry Development, HovioneFarmaCiencia S.A., Estrada do Passo do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edificio S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Osvaldo S Ascenso
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tania Santos de Almeida
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ignacio González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal.
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5
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Estévez-Sarmiento F, Saavedra E, Ruiz-Estévez M, León F, Quintana J, Brouard I, Estévez F. Chlorinated Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpene Lactones as Cytotoxic Agents against Human Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249767. [PMID: 33371413 PMCID: PMC7767465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactones are naturally occurring compounds which have attracted attention due to their array of biological activities. In this study, chlorinated guaianolides 1-8, isolated from plants of the genus Centaurea, were evaluated against the human leukemia cell lines HL-60, U-937, a specific U-937 cell line that overexpresses the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-1. This established the relevant structure-growth inhibition relationships. Chlorohyssopifolins A (1), C (3) and D (4) and linichlorin A (6) were the most potent compounds in terms of inducing growth inhibition in the four cell lines. IC50 values were below 10 μM in all cases. Chlorohyssopifolins A (1) and D (4) and linichlorin A (6) were potent apoptotic inducers in human U-937 leukemia cells, as determined by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry, and their mechanism of action was associated with cytochrome c release, caspase activation and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage. Overall this study shows that guaianolides induce cytotoxicity against human tumor cells and provides important insights into the cell death pathways that are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Estévez-Sarmiento
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (F.E.-S.); (E.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Ester Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (F.E.-S.); (E.S.); (J.Q.)
| | | | - Francisco León
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (F.E.-S.); (E.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Ignacio Brouard
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Química Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (F.E.-S.); (E.S.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-928-451443
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Zeng YX, Wang S, Wei L, Cui YY, Chen YH. Proanthocyanidins: Components, Pharmacokinetics and Biomedical Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:813-869. [PMID: 32536248 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a group of polyphenols enriched in plant and human food. In recent decades, epidemiological studies have upheld the direct relationship between PA consumption and health benefits; therefore, studies on PAs have become a research hotspot. Although the oral bioavailability of PAs is quite low, pharmacokinetics data revealed that some small molecules and colonic microbial metabolites of PAs could be absorbed and exert their health beneficial effects. The pharmacological effects of PAs mainly include anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and metabolism-regulation behaviors. Moreover, current toxicological studies show that PAs have no observable toxicity to humans. This review summarizes the resources, extraction, structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicology of PAs and discusses the limitations of current studies. Areas for further research are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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Saavedra E, Estévez-Sarmiento F, Said M, Eiroa JL, Rubio S, Quintana J, Estévez F. Cytotoxicity of the Sesquiterpene Lactone Spiciformin and Its Acetyl Derivative against the Human Leukemia Cell Lines U-937 and HL-60. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082782. [PMID: 32316340 PMCID: PMC7215469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiciformin (1) is a sesquiterpene lactone with a germacrane skeleton that is found in two Tanacetum species endemic to the Canary Islands. In this study, the cytotoxicities of 1 and its acetyl derivative (2) were evaluated against human tumor cells. These sesquiterpene lactones were cytotoxic against human acute myeloid leukemia (U-937 and HL-60) cells, even in cells over-expressing the pro-survival protein Bcl-2, but melanoma (SK-MEL-1) and human mononuclear cells isolated from blood of healthy donors were more resistant. Both compounds are apoptotic inducers in human leukemia U-937 cells. Cell death was mediated by the processing and activation of initiator and effector caspases and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and it was blocked by a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor and (in the case of sesquiterpene lactone 2) by the selective caspase-3/7, -8, and -9 inhibitors. In addition, certainly in the case of compound 2, this was found to be associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway, and generation of reactive oxygen species. It will, therefore, be relevant to continue characterization of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - Francisco Estévez-Sarmiento
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - Mercedes Said
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - José Luis Eiroa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Sara Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-928-451443
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8
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Saavedra E, Del Rosario H, Brouard I, Hernández-Garcés J, García C, Quintana J, Estévez F. The synthetic flavanone 6-methoxy-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)chroman-4-one induces apoptosis and activation of the MAPK pathway in human U-937 leukaemia cells. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103450. [PMID: 31785856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic flavonoids containing a naphthalene ring have attracted attention as potential cytotoxic compounds. Here, we synthesized ten chalcones and their corresponding flavanones and evaluated their antiproliferative activity against the human tumour cell line U-937. This series of chalcone derivatives was characterized by the presence of a naphthalene ring which was kept unaltered- and attached to the β carbon of the 1-phenyl-2-propen-1-one framework. The structure-activity relationship of these chalcone derivatives and their corresponding cyclic compounds was investigated by the introduction of different substituents (methyl, methoxy, benzyloxy, chlorine) or by varying the position of the methoxy or benzyloxy groups on the A ring. The results revealed that both the chalcone containing the methoxy group at 5' position of the A ring as well as its corresponding flavanone [6-methoxy-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)chroman-4-one] were the most cytotoxic compounds, with IC50 values of 2.8 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.2 μM, respectively, against U-937 cells. This synthetic flavanone was as cytotoxic as the antitumor etoposide in U-937 cells and displayed strong cytotoxicity against additional human leukaemia cell lines, including HL-60, MOLT-3 and NALM-6. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were more resistant than leukaemia cells to the cytotoxic effects of the flavanone. Treatment of U-937 cells with this compound induced G2-M cell cycle arrest, an increase in sub-G1 ratio and annexin-V positive cells, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase activation and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase processing. Apoptosis induction triggered by this flavonoid was blocked by overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. This flavanone induces phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular-signal regulated kinases and c-jun N-terminal kinases/stress-activated protein kinases (JNK/SAPK) following different kinetics. Moreover, cell death was attenuated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated extracellular kinases and JNK/SAPK and was independent of reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Henoc Del Rosario
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ignacio Brouard
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Judith Hernández-Garcés
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-orgánica AG, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Celina García
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-orgánica AG, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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9
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6'-Benzyloxy-4-bromo-2'-hydroxychalcone is cytotoxic against human leukaemia cells and induces caspase-8- and reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 298:137-145. [PMID: 30576621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of synthetic 6'-benzyloxy-4-bromo-2'-hydroxychalcone on viabilities of seven human leukaemia cells. It was cytotoxic against U-937, HL-60, K-562, NALM-6, MOLT-3 cells, and also against Bcl-2-overexpressing U-937/Bcl-2 cells and P-glycoprotein-overexpressing K-562/ADR, but had no significant cytotoxic effects against quiescent or proliferating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This chalcone is a potent apoptotic inducer in human leukaemia U-937 cells. Cell death was (i) mediated by the activation and the cleavage of initiator and executioner caspases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; (ii) prevented by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, and by the selective caspase-3/7, -6 and -8 inhibitors, and by a cathepsins B/L inhibitor; (iii) associated with the release of mitochondrial proteins, including cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO; (iv) accompanied by dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, (v) partially blocked by the inhibition of p38MAPK and (vi) mostly abrogated by catalase. In conclusion, the synthetic chalcone is cytotoxic against several types of human leukaemia cell with apoptosis being induced by activation of the extrinsic pathway and the generation of reactive oxygen species.
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10
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Fei BL, Tu S, Wei Z, Wang P, Long JY, Qiao C, Chen ZF. Biological evaluation of optically pure chiral binuclear copper(ii) complexes based on a rosin derivative as highly potential anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15646-15656. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An optically pure binuclear copper(ii) complex was prepared based on a rosin derivative, which is a DNA/BSA binder and a potential drug with multifunctional anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Li Fei
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shuangyan Tu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zuzhuang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jian-Ying Long
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- China
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11
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Saraei R, Marofi F, Naimi A, Talebi M, Ghaebi M, Javan N, Salimi O, Hassanzadeh A. Leukemia therapy by flavonoids: Future and involved mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8203-8220. [PMID: 30500074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a varied family of phytonutrients (plant chemicals) usually are detected in fruits and vegetables. In this big family, there exist more than 10,000 members that is separated into six chief subtypes: isoflavonols, flavonoenes, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and chalcones. The natural compounds, such as fruits, have visible positive effects in regulating of survival involved signaling pathways that performance as the regulator of cell survival, growth, and proliferation. Researchers have established that commonly consumption up flavonoids decreases incidence and development risk of certain cancers, especially leukemia. Flavonoids have been able to induce apoptosis and stimulate cell cycle arrest in cancer cells via different pathways. Similarly, they have antiangiogenesis and antimetastasis capability, which were shown in wide ranges of cancer cells, particularly, leukemia. It seems that flavonoid because of their widespread approval, evident safety and low rate of side effects, have hopeful anticarcinogenic potential for leukemia therapy. Based on the last decade reports, the most important acting mechanisms of these natural compounds in leukemia cells are stimulating of apoptosis pathways by upregulation of caspase 3, 8, 9 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and proapoptotic proteins, particularly Bax activation. As well, they can induce cell cycle arrest in target cells not only via increasing of activated levels of p21 and p53 but also by inhibition of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Furthermore, attenuation of neclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, suppression of signaling pathway and downregulation of intracellular antiapoptotic proteins are other significant antileukemic function mechanism of flavonoids. Overall, it appears that flavonoids are promising and effective compounds in the field of leukemia therapy. In this review, we tried to accumulate and revise most promising flavonoids and finally declared their major working mechanisms in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raedeh Saraei
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Naimi
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ghaebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratories Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Salimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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